Main Ideas
• The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in
Confederate states.
• African Americans participated in the war in a
variety of ways.
• President Lincoln faced opposition to the war.
• Life was difficult for soldiers and civilians alike.
Big Idea
• The lives of many Americans were affected by
Ellie Flynn
the Civil War.
MAIN IDEA 1: THE
EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION FREED SLAVES
IN CONFEDERATE STATES.
By Margaret Mahlke
Emancipation Proclamation
► Millions
of enslaved African Americans were at the heart of the
nation’s bloody struggle.
► Abolitionists
urged Lincoln to free the slaves.
► Lincoln
declared, “There is no reason in the world why the negro is
not entitled to all the natural rights numerated in the Declaration
of Independence-the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness.”
► Lincoln
found:
► Emancipation-freeing
► Did
of slaves, a difficult issue
not believe he had constitutional power
►Worried
about the effects
Margaret Mahlke
Margaret Mahlke
Lincoln Issues the Proclamation
•
Northerners opinions of abolishing slavery:
•
Democratic Party opposed emancipation
•
Abolitionists argued that war was pointless without freedom for African
Americans.
•
Some predicted it would anger voters. Lincoln worried about losing support for
war.
•
On September 22, 1862, Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves
only in areas controlled by Confederacy
•
Military order that freed slaves only in areas controlled by the Confederacy
•
Impossible to enforce where it actually applied
•
Went into effect on January 1, 1863
Margaret Mahlke
Reaction to the Proclamation
•
African Americans gave thanks on December 31, 1862, New Year’s
Eve
•
Abolitionists rejoiced.
•
Fredrick Douglas called Jan. 1, 1863, “the great day which is to
determine the destiny not only of the American Public, but that of
the American Continent.”
•
Some noted that system of slavery was still used in loyal slave
states.
•
Proclamation encouraged many enslaved African Americans to
escape when Union troops came near.
•
Loss of slaves crippled the South’s ability to wage war.
Margaret Mahlke
This picture shows Lincoln
and his cabinet after the
signing of the
Declaration of
Independence.
http://www.democratsforprogress.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/12/proclamationcabinet.jpg
 This is a quote of
Lincoln about slavery.
Margaret Mahlke
http://izquotes.com/quotes-pictures/quote-where-slavery-is-there-liberty-cannot-be-and-whereliberty-is-there-slavery-cannot-be-abraham-lincoln-385628.jpg
MAIN IDEA 2: AFRICAN AMERICANS
PARTICIPATE IN THE WAR IN A
VARIETY OF WAYS.
By: Ellie Flynn
 African Americans voluntarily participated in the war.
 The right to join the army in South Carolina was given
to contrabands, or escaped slaves by the War
Department.
 The 54th Massachusetts Infantry was mainly
African American and was celebrated for its bravery.
In the Union army about 180,000 African Americans
served.
Ellie Flynn
http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=05540
03015
Ellie Flynn
Congress began allowing the Army to sign
up African American as laborers in July
1862.
African Americans in the army received
$10 a month, while white soldiers got $13.
By Spring 1863, African American army
units were proving themselves in combat.
Ellie Flynn
 The flyer
use to
recruit
African
Americans
for the
war.
http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=05540
Ellie Flynn
The 54TH Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
Regiment was one of the first official black
units in the U.S. armed forces. Their
courageous assault on Fort Wagner played a
key role in bringing about an end to slavery.
Ellie Flynn
http://www.history.com/topics
/american-civilwar/american-civil-warhistory/videos/gilder-lehrmanmassachussetts-54th
“ Once let the black man get upon his
person the brass letters, U.S.; … and a
musket on his shoulder and bullets in his
pocket, and there is no power on the earth
which can deny that he has earned the
right to citizenship.”
- Fredrick Douglas, quoted in The life and
Writings of Fredrick Douglas
Ellie Flynn
PRESIDENT LINCOLN FACED
OPPOSITION TO THE WAR
Lincoln running the war, he had to
deal with tensions in the North.
Bridget Bailie
►
COPPERHEADS
The mouths rolled on the death was increasing
►A
group of northern Democrats began speaking out of the
war
► Led
by U.S. Representative Clement L. Vallandigham of Ohio
► Copperheads
south
► Believed
► Lincoln
– were Midwesterners that sympathized the
the war was not necessary also called for it to end
saw the copperhead as a threat to the war effort
► To
silence them Lincoln suspended habeas corpus, or
protection against unlawful imprisonment, to jail the enemies
of the Union
Bridget Bailie
NORTHERN DRAFT
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
In march 1863 war critics erupted
Critics erupted when Congress approved the draft, or forced
military service
For $300, men could buy their way out of service
For unskilled workers, this was a year’s wage
Critics of the draft called the Civil War a “rich man’s war and a poor
man fight
In July 1863 African American were brought to New York City to
replace striking Irish dock workers
Bloody rioting broke out in New York, killing 100 people
•
Bridget
Bailie
http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=05540
03015
NORTHERN DRAFT CONT.
►Tense
situation the northern democrats nominated
General George McClellan for president in 1864
►Called
for immediate end to the war
►Lincoln
defeated McClellan in the popular vote
►Winning
by about 400,000 out of 4 million
►The
electoral vote was in Lincoln favor 212 for Lincoln
and 21 for McClellan
Bridget Bailie
MAIN IDEA 4 : LIFE WAS DIFFICULT
FOR SOLDIERS AND CIVILIANS ALIKE
The way of life for civilians and soldiers was
drastically changed by the war.
Riley Hornilla
ON THE BATTLEFIELD
► Civil
War armies fought using ancient battlefield formations that
produced massive casualties
► Endless
rows of troops fired directly at one another
► Soldiers
► Men
would attach bayonets to their guns
died to gain every inch of ground
► Used
to communicate using drum signals
► Some
drummers – only nine years old
► Often
► Today,
►
saw deadly combat conditions
battlefield communications are primarily electronic
Riley Hornilla
Union Signal Corps
VS.
Modern battlefield
communications
Riley Hornilla
ON THE BATTLEFIELD CONT.
► Doctors
and nurses in the field saved many lives
► Many soldiers endured the horror of having infected legs and
arms amputated without painkillers
► Had no medicines to stop infections that developed in wounds
► Infections from minor injuries caused many deaths
► The
biggest killer in the Civil War was not the fighting
► The
biggest killer in the war was disease, such as typhoid,
pneumonia, and tuberculosis
► Nearly
Riley Hornilla
twice as many soldiers died of illnesses as died in combat
PRISONERS OF WAR
►Military
►Large
York
prisoners on both sides lived in misery
camps were in Andersonville, Georgia, and Elmira, New
►Soldiers
were packed into camps meant to hold only a
fraction of their numbers
►They
had little shelter, food, or clothing
Starvation and disease killed thousands
Riley Hornilla
► The
LIFE AS A CIVILIAN
Riley Hornilla
war effort involved all levels of society
► Women
and males too young or too old for military service worked in
factories and farms
► Economy
► Lack
1865
of workers caused wages to rise by 43 percent between 1860 and
► Women
► On
►
in the North boomed as production and prices soared
were the backbone of civilian life
farms, they performed daily chores usually done by men
One visitor to Iowa in 1862 reported that he “met more women…at work
in the fields than men.”
► Southern
women also managed farms and plantations.
IMPORTANT WOMEN
► Brought
strength and comfort to many wounded Union soldiers
► Organized
battlefield
► Worked
► Her
the collection of medicine and supplies for delivery to the
in field hospitals
► Referred
► Soothed
Riley Hornilla
to as “angel of the battlefield”
the wounded and the dying
work formed the basis for the future American Red Cross
► Sally
Louisa Tompkins established a small hospital in Richmond,
Virginia
► End
of war – major army hospital
► Jefferson
Davis made her a captain in the Confederate Army
Riley Hornilla
Clara Barton
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Sllay+Louisa+Tompkins&qp
vt=Sllay+Louisa+Tompkins&FORM=IGRE
SALLY LOUISA
TOMPKINS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
►
►
Book
Chapter or Section Deverell, William, and Deborah Gray White. "Daily Life
during the War."
United States History. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Wintson, 2009. 528-34.
Print.
Video Clip (Online)
General Video Content
View live Web page
Archive & annotate page Massachusetts 54th Regiment. History. A&E
Television Networks, 2014. Web. 15 May
2014. <http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/
american-civil-war-history/videos/gilder-lehrman-massachussetts-54th>.