• Your thoughts: Does a technologically advanced
nation have a responsibility to share its advances with
less developed areas?
• Book thoughts:
•
Answer the above questions,
then read
Define
Livingstone in Africa
• How did Livingstone’s
description of Africa differ from
most people of the time?
• How did David Livingstone say
Great Britain could bring
‘civilization’ to Africa?
• What does this story say about
the European attitude towards
the rest of the world?
• Look at the chart on
page 430
– What nations are
moving into Africa?
– Why do you think
there are less nations
in Southeast Asia and
India?
• Look at the map on
, What are
countries getting out
of the “Spice Islands”
of Southeast Asia?
• Define
and
(
)
• What colony is the
United States trying to
acquire during this
time period? (
)
• Write 5 words that you think of to describe
modern-day Africa:
• What is the difference between direct rule
and indirect rule? (p 433)
What do you notice about Great Britain’s locations?
Stanley and Livingstone in Africa
Read the National Geographic Special ReportAnswer the following questions
1. What were 2 of Dr. Livingstone’s reasons for
exploring Africa?
2. What waterfall did Livingstone encounter on his trip from the
interior to the mouth of the Zambezi River?
3. What were the main obstacles that Livingstone
faced?
Closing Discussion: Is Dr. David Livingstone a Hero or
Villain? What did his work produce?
What is the impact for Africans as they learn the
British language, cultural values and beliefs?
What is the impact of learning the British language,
cultural values and beliefs on Africans?
• British Perspective
Africans can speak a language
used throughout the British
Empire.
Africans become part of the
great British Empire.
Africans become "civilized"
and spread British customs
and traditions.
• African Perspective
African culture and heritage may be
replaced by British culture and
heritage.
Many Africans may not be included
in society because they do not know
the English language.
Indigenous peoples will be divided
according to whether they follow
British customs and traditions or not.
A new set of values and beliefs may
be created by blending both British
and indigenous customs and
traditions.
• the extension of a
• Define
Imperialism nation’s power
over other lands
• Answer
• Reading Check
Question on page
433
• Take out HW
notes
Perspective on Europe in Africa
Stories:
David Livingstone
King Leopold II
Cecil Rhodes
Muhammad Ali
Ferdinand Lesseps
Muhammad Ahmad
Shaka Zulu
Two Questions for each:
How do these people feel about Imperialism?
…What was their perspective?
David Livingstone
What would he say
about European
Imperialism in
Africa?
Why would he
think that way?
What were his
motives?
• Favors Imperialism
• Religious motivation
King Leopold II
What would he say
about European
Imperialism in
Africa?
• Belgian king
• Favors Imperialism
• Profit and power
Why would he
think that way?
What were his
motives?
Cecil Rhodes
• British - Favors Imperialism
• Motivated by power
• Wealthy from gold/diamond
trade
• Creates “Rhodesia” in S.
Africa
• “…from the Cape to Cairo”
What would he say
about European
Imperialism in
Africa?
Why would he
think that way?
What were his
motives?
Ferdinand Lesseps
What would he say
about European
Imperialism in
Africa?
• French Contractor –
Suez Canal
• Favors Imperialism
• Financial gains $$
Why would he
think that way?
What were his
motives?
Muhammad Ahmad
What would he say
about European
Imperialism in
Africa?
Why would he
think that way?
What were his
motives?
• Against Imperialism
• Launches revolt in Sudan
Shaka Zulu
What would he say
about European
Imperialism in
Africa?
Why would he
think that way?
What were his
motives?
• Against Imperialism
• Leads Zulu revolt in S. Africa
Muhammad Ali
What would he say
about European
Imperialism in
Africa?
Why would he
think that way?
What were his
motives?
• Wants to create
independent Egypt
• Modernize/”Westernize”
through reforms to
military, government,
etc.
Imperialism in Africa
By 1900, almost all Africa is under European rule,
a. Between 1880 and 1900, nearly all of Africa comes under
European powers
b. Only Liberia and Ethiopia remain free
as paternalistic nations exploit valuable resources
a. Key African resources: peanuts, timber, hides, minerals,
gold, diamonds
b. Key locations: Suez Canal, South Africa
and successfully stop any African resistance.
a. Muhammad Ali & Egypt
b. Zulus in South Africa
c. Muhammad Ahmad in Sudan
Do Now
Europeans have influenced life in India for many years. The
first Dutch explorers established trading centers on the
coastline and, as the power of the ruling Mughal Empire
faded, began to exert more influence on Indian life. Soon,
though, the Dutch were replaced by a new colonial power –
the British East India Company. This company took a greater
role in Indian life, even establishing its own army called the
Sepoys. Comprised of Indians, this security force protected
the interests of the company as it became more and more
involved in controlling the country’s political and military
affairs. There was even rumors the British government
themselves would get involved.
What should India do?
India “Rolls with It”
• British East India
Company
-at first
– Founded in 1600
– Monopoly on trade w India
• Sepoy Mutiny
– 1857 rebellion
– British put it down
• British Colonial Rule
– 1858 Queen takes control
– British officials rule over
India
• Indian Nationalist
Movement: Mohandas
Gandhi
- 1915 begins to grow
- 1947 Gain independence
• December 31, 1600, Queen Elizabeth I
granted a charter to a group of 25
adventurers, giving them a monopoly
on trade between England and the
countries in the East Indies.
• Indian textiles were in high demand in
Europe, including cotton cloth, chintz,
and calico.
• By 1765, the Company had acquired
control of the revenue systems of
Bengal, Orissa, and Bihar, on India's
east coast, and became the largest
territorial power in India.
• mutiny by Bengal (Indian) army soldiers, or
Sepoys, against their commanders in the
army of the British East India Company.
• Rifle cartridges greased with pig and cow
fat, substances offensive to both Muslim
and Hindu religions.
• British regained military control, and those
Sepoys who had revolted were severely
punished—a number of captured Sepoys
were fired from cannons.
http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/gallery/photos/21.html#great_rebellion
• The British Raj (Hindi for rule) under England's Queen
Victoria began in 1858.
• Rule extended over present-day India, Bangladesh, and
Pakistan together about a fifth of the world's population.
• Unified the country geographically and economically and
lead to positive advances of social reforms and public
works.
BUT
• Included racism and economic exploitation of India
http://safari.mtps.com/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=6788&location=local
An Englishman Born in India
•
•
•
Rudyard Kipling
1865-1936
Kipling was an English writer and
winner of the Nobel Prize for
Literature. He is best known for his
poems and stories set in India
during the period of British imperial
rule.
Rudyard Kipling was born in
Bombay, India, on 30 December
1865. His father was an artist and
teacher. In 1870, Kipling was taken
back to England to stay with a
foster family in Southsea and then
to go to boarding school in Devon.
In 1882, he returned to India and
worked as a journalist, writing
poetry and fiction in his spare time.
Books such as 'Plain Tales from the
Hills' (1888) gained success in
England, and in 1889 Kipling went
to live in London.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ogQ0uge06o
Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's
Burden, 1899
•
Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the best ye breed-Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild-Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.
•
Take up the White Man's burden-And reap his old reward:
The blame of those ye better,
The hate of those ye guard-The cry of hosts ye humour
(Ah, slowly!) toward the light:-"Why brought he us from
bondage,
Our loved Egyptian night?"
Do Now
• How was British rule degrading to Indians? How does it help?
• How did Gandhi “fight” for Indian
independence from Great Britain?
• Organized peaceful non-cooperation with the
British included boycotts of British goods and
institutions, leading to arrests of thousands.
• Satyagraha- “hold fast to the truth” change will
come through tolerance and non-violence.
• campaign of civil disobedience in protest at a
tax on salt, leading thousands on a 'March to
the Sea' to symbolically make their own salt
from seawater.
• June 1947- the formation of the two new
independent states of India and Pakistan
http://safari.mtps.com/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=6788&location=local
The film’s real players…
Actor Ben Kingsley
Muhammad Ali Jinnah & Gandhi
Jawaharlal Nehru
The Assassin
India “Rolls with It”
• British East India
Company
-at first
– – -
• Sepoy Mutiny
– – -
• British Colonial Rule
– – -
• Indian Nationalist
Movement: Mohandas
Ghandi
The Americas
Latin America
• It is called Latin
America because
people speak
either Spanish or
Portuguese, both
of which are
derived from Latin
Central America
Liberators of South America
• Jose de San Martin
• 1810-1824
• Helped win
independence in
Argentina, Chile, Peru
Liberators of South America
• Simon Bolivar
• 1810-1824
• Helped win
independence in
Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador
Independence for everyone!
• By 1824 Uruguay, Paraguay,
Bolivia, were also free from
Spain
• 1822 Brazil declared
independence from Portugal
• Central America became
independent in 1823
• In 1839 they split into five
republics: Guatemala, El
Salvador, Honduras, Costa
Rica, Nicaragua
The Monroe Doctrine
• After the Napoleonic
wars, Spain and Portugal
wanted their colonies
back
• The United States wanted
to see the new republics
stay independent
• In 1823 President James
Monroe issued the
Monroe Doctrine warning
Europeans to stay out of
the Americas, and the US
would stay out of Europe
Panama Canal
• US wanted to build a canal through Colombia to
cut sailing time from the east coast to the west
coast in half
• Colombia wouldn’t give or sell us land so Teddy
Roosevelt supported a rebellion that led to
Panama becoming independent from Colombia
and allowing us to build the canal, which
opened in 1914
• We controlled the canal until Dec 31, 1999
Imperialism
Africa
Why go? What do the European nations have to gain?
Prime examples: What is their role?
Livingstone – responsibility/white man’s burden
Rhodes – power hungry
Lesseps – entrepreneur
Indirect Rule (Dutch East Indies)
Direct Rule (British India)
India
British East India Co.
Sepoy Mutiny 1857
British Government – take control after Sepoy Mutiny
INC
Gandhi
How does the independence of India and Pakistan unfold?
South America
Liberators of South America – both lead revolutionary movements from 1810-1824
Simon Bolivar
Jose de San Martin
Monroe Doctrine
Panama Canal – example of U.S. Imperialism