Chapter 24 World War II
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Chapter 24 World War II ?? - 1945 Chapter 24 Section 1 I can list the events that led to the outbreak of World War II Bullet 795 BulletPoints Points:p.Pg.829 • Read pgs.Pgs. 770 -802 775- 807 Reading: • • • _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ ____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____ Events • 1918 – World War I Armistice was not a world wide treaty oGermans punished and suffer from WWI • 1921 – World suffers post war recession oAdolf Hitler becomes the leader of the German Nazi Party Different Countries With Similar Problems and Results • Russia • Italy • Germany • Japan Italy • Economic and Social Problems cause unrest • 1922 – Benito Mussolini threatens to overthrow government How does the Italian government respond? Italy • Mussolini named “Prime Minister” oCreates World’s First Fascist Government Fascism • A political system based on militarism, extreme nationalism, and loyalty to the state and its leader. oThe boss is always right oSuperior nations must conquer and control weaker nations Mussolini • Italy is superior to other countries oReturn to the Roman Empire • Banned oFreedom of the Press oOther Political Parties oJailed or Murdered Critics Italy Problems Government Changes Russia Joseph Stalin and the Communist Party Russia • Communism created a totalitarian government in Russia oTotalitarian - Single Party System • Government controls farms, land, animals, and buisnesses • 4 million critics were executed or sent to prison camps (GULAGS) GULAGS Russia Problems Government Society Germany • Economic struggles caused by WWI led to the rise of the Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler • Harsh treatment from WWI left many Germans unhappy with the World Nazism • • • • Form of Fascism Anti-Semitic Germans are the Master Race Believed WWI was lost because Jews and inferior people like Gypsies • Hitler uses this belief to his advantage Adolf Hitler • Elected Chancellor in 1933 • Political Parties Outlawed • Secret Police Enforce His Will Jewish Community in Germany • Blamed for social and economic issues oScapegoat • Banned from professions • Community was attacked • Sent to slave labor camps Germany Government Society Japan • Japan’s economy struggles following WWI • Japan felt that they need space • 1936 – Militarists take control Japan’s Military Aggression • Believed they were superior oRacist • Aggression – Warlike actions against another nation without cause • 1931 – Japan Seizes Manchuria and China • 1937 – Attacks Nanjing China, 250,000 Civilians and POW’s killed Japan Government Society Japan’s Control of Asia Consequences • Japan suspended from League of Nations for one year Four New Powers Italy Government Leaders Russia Japan Germany Military Aggression • 1935 – Italy Invades Ethiopia oHaile Selassie appeals to the League of Nations oWeak response oEthiopia Falls German Aggression • • • • Hitler rebuilds German Army 1936 – Troops sent into Rhineland 1938 – Hitler takes over Austria World’s Response? oNothing German Aggression • 1938 – Germany tries to take over Czechoslovakia • Britain & France Object • Munich Pact oFrance agrees to let Germany take part of Czech in return for no further aggression oNo one asked the Czechs Appeasement • A policy of giving into aggression to avoid war • Neville Chamberlain o“Peace in our time” • Did it work? • 1939 – Hitler takes the rest of Czech America’s Response • Neutrality Act 1935 oNo assistance to those in war • Good Neighbor Policy oUS removes troops from South America • What did the United States hope to gain from this? War Begins in Europe • 1939 – Germany invades Poland o Hitler and Stalin agree to non-aggression deal o Secretly agree to divide Poland • Russia invades Finland • September 3rd 1939 oFrance and England declare war on Germany Germany Invades Poland Germany’s March • 1940 oDenmark, Norway, Netherlands, Luxemburg, and Belgium Fall • France under attack Fight for France • English and French put on the defensive • Pushed back to Dunkirk • English Evacuate June 22, 1940 France Surrenders Battle for Britain • Hitler launches an air attack oTens of thousands killed • Attacks ravaged the land, but Britain did not break • Britain Stands Alone Winston Churchill June nd 22 , 1941 Germany Attacks Russia Hitler’s March 1940 1938 1939 1941 Chapter 24 Section 2 The United States at War Read pgs. 776 - 781 Reading: 808-813 Bullet p.829 795 BulletPoints Points: • • • ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ Ch. 24 Sec. 2 I understand how the United states moved from neutrality to full involvement in the war. FDR’s Pledge • “Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars” • Easily reelected for third term Lend-Lease Act • Sold supplies to Britain • Allowed for US to lend or lease supplies to the British • Act extended to Russia and China • Most Americans agreed United States Prepares • Build up of Army and Navy • Peace Time Draft started • Created Tuskegee Airmen Atlantic Charter • US and Britain lay out future goals oWould seek no territorial gains oEvery nation has the right to choose their own government oNew peacekeeping organization Why? Japan and the Pacific • 1941 – Japan invades Indochina oRoosevelt bans sale of iron and scrap metal to Japan oLimits sale of oil to Japan December th 7 , 1941 Japan Attacks the United States at Pearl Harbor Why did the Japanese attack? Why did the Japanese attack? • The Japanese attacked because they feared the Americans would become involved, and they needed time to secure supplies. The Damage • 200 Airplanes Destroyed • 2 Battleships Destroyed • 6 Battleships Damaged • 2,400 Dead United States Enters The War • December 8th, 1941 oCongress Declares War on Japan Total War • December 11, 1941 oGermany and Italy declare war on the United States Divisions Allies Axis United States Germany Britain Japan France Italy Soviet Union China Two Fronts • ETO oEurope and Africa • Pacific oPacific Ocean, Australia, Indochina, and Japan Europe and North Africa 1942 • Germany controlled most of Western Europe • Germany had advanced deep into Russia • Millions of Russians dead Russian Winter • December 1941 oRussians stopped German advance outside of Moscow • 1942 oGermany tries again at Stalingrad oRussians stop them once again Eastern Front North Africa • Erwin Rommel defeated in North Africa • British attack from the East • United States under Gen. Eisenhower attack from the West • Germans retreat North Africa Axis POW’s Japan 1942 • • • • • • • • Hong Kong Malaysia Thailand Burma Guam Wake Islands Dutch East Indies Solomon Islands Philippines • Attacked hours after Pearl Harbor Philippines • 2 weeks later Japan invades at Luzon • American forces retreat to Bataan • MacArthur ordered to leave Bushido • frugality, loyalty, mastery of martial arts, and honor to the death. Under the bushidÅ ideal, if a samurai failed to uphold his honor he could regain it by performing seppuku (ritual suicide). The Tide Turns •Coral Sea & Midway Battle of Coral Sea – May 1942 • Japan to invade Port Moresby • U.S. learns from radio intercept • Send fleet to stop • 2 carriers, Lexington and Yorktown Outcome • Lexington lost • Japan loses fewer ships • Cancels invasion of Port Moresby • First naval fight where ships never shoot at each other Battle of Midway – June 1942 • Japan to wipe out American Fleet • Tries to trap American carriers • Americans learn of plan by radio • Sets own trap • Sinks 4 Japanese carriers • Loses 1 of own Chapter 24, Section 3 THE HOME FRONT Bullet Points p. 795 • Read pgs. 770 - 775 • • • _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _________________________ ____________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____ I can understand how the home front responded to American participation in the war Building the Military • Draft changed to keep men in for the entire war • 15 Million men drafted or volunteered Women in the Military • Nurses • WAC’s • WAVE’s • WASP’s – Ferry Pilots A Wartime Economy • Industry converted from consumer to military products • War Production Board supervised everything • Military output doubled • Unemployment shrank • Minorities found jobs • Depression ended Supporting the War • Victory Gardens • Rationing • War Bonds Four Groups Affected By the War Women African Americans Japanese Americans Mexican Americans Women in Industry • • • • • • Factories Shipyards Crane operators Bus drivers Police Officers Gas station attendants Women in Industry • Better pay – Equal pay • Better working conditions • Sense of freedom • Sense of confidence “Rosie the Riveter” Keeping up the boys spirits Japanese Americans • At start of war, 300,000 Japanese Americans lived in U.S. • Americans afraid that they may be spies • Feb. 1942, 110,000 locked in internment camps far inland • Forced to sell property WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE? Japanese Americans • Not one case of disloyalty • 17,000 served in ETO • 442nd Neisi combat Regimental Team most decorated unit in history • 1990, each survivor given $20,000 21 52 560 8 4,000 9.486 Other Tensions • 11,000 foreign born German and several hundred Italian Americans interned • Had not yet gained citizenship • Naturalized citizens faced curfews and travel limits African Americans • Segregated military units • Discrimination in private industry • Roosevelt pressured into ordering equality in hiring • Set up the Fair Employment Practices Committee African Americans • As African Americans moved to cities, competition over housing • 1943 race riots in Detroit and New York Mexican Americans • ½ million served in armed forces in WW II • 1942 treaty with Mexico allowed U.S. companies to hire Mexican laborers WHERE DID THEY WORK? • Faced prejudice and violence Mexican Americans • 1943 – Zoot suit riots in L.A. • Newspapers blamed Mexican Americans • Eleanor Roosevelt blamed discrimination. Chapter 24, Section 4 Toward Victory Bullet Points pg. 829 • Read pgs. 821-827 • • ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ •I can understand how the Allies won World War II and the results LEADERS • • • • • • • Roosevelt – U.S. Churchill – England Stalin – Russia Hitler – Germany Mussolini – Italy Eisenhower – U.S. Rommell - Germany Victory in Europe • Stalin wants 2nd front • 1943 – Roosevelt and Churchill did not think Allies ready WHAT WOULD YOU DO? The Plan • Invade Italy, 1943 – Draw Italian and German forces south • Invade France in 2 places, 1944 – Catch Germany off guard when France invaded • Russia pushes west The Result • Sicily captured then Italy invaded • Mussolini out • Italy surrenders, but • Germans take over parts of Italy and resist The result • Hitler tries to save Mussolini but captured and killed The result Allies continue the fight in Italy Monte Cassino- Before Monte Cassino - After D-DAY • June 1944 • Invasion of France WHERE WOULD YOU INVADE? Differing opinions Hitler • Pas de Calais Rommell • Normandy Coast Where do majority of German troops go? Where do Allies land ? Bocage • Troops fought way inland • Caught in the Bocage (Hedgerow) area • Earth and hedge 15 feet high Paris • By August 1944, allies had retaken Paris France nd 2 invasion of France • August 1944, Southern France invaded Battle of the Bulge • Dec. 1944 German push against allies • Attacked through Argonne Forest • Lightly defended by Allies Bastogne Surrounded • Germans surround town of Bastogne • Held by 101st Airborne • Germans ask for surrender • American General gives a 1 word reply NUTS! Germany Invaded • Jan 1945 Russia reaches Germany, pushes west • U.S. reaches Germany and pushes east • Germany caught in a vise Germany Invaded • U.S. stops just east of Elbe River • Allows Russia to take Berlin WHY? Germany Invaded • U.S. and Britain bomb Germany non-stop Roosevelt Dies oAp. 12, 1945, President Roosevelt dies oV.P. Harry Truman takes over Germany Collapses • German troops retreat • Last stand in Berlin Hitler Dead oCommits suicide Ap. 30, 1945 oMay 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders Commanders MacArthur Nimitz Strategy • Move across Pacific, closer to Japan then bomb until surrender Strategy • Midway • 78 different attacks • Guadalcanal – Solomon Island – Aug 1942 • New Georgia & New Guinea – 1943 • Bouganville – 1943 • Tarawa – Gilbert Islands 1943 Strategy • Take back Aleutians – 1943 • Kwajalein, 1944 • Saipan, Tinian, and Guam – Summer 1944 • Back to Phillippines – Oct 1944 – Aug 15, 1945 • Iwo Jima – Feb 1945 • Okinowa – Ap 1945 Results But at What Cost? Guadalcanal – Solomon Islands • 1004 Dead New Georgia – New Guinea • 170 Dead Bouganville • 1,243 Dead Tarawa – Bloody Tarawa • 1,711 Dead Aleutians • 180 Dead Kwajalein • 372 Dead Saipan • 2,949 Dead Japanese Suicides Saipan Tinian • 328 Dead Guam • 7,100 Dead Philippines • 4,438 Dead Iwo Jima • 2,093 Dead Okinawa • 7, 272 Dead What did we want? • Airfields WHY? • To bomb Japan Then Before Atomic Bomb • Japan fights back - Kamikaze • I can list the events that led to the outbreak of World War II Answer – Ch. 24 Sec. 1 1.Totalitarian dictators gained power after WW I. 2. Germany, Italy, and Japan started on a path of military conquest 3.The United States tried to remain neutral in world affairs 4.Germany and Russia agree not to hurt one another then divide Poland when Germany invades Poland • I understand how the United States moved from neutrality to full involvement in the war. Answers Ch. 24 Sec 2 1. The U.S. increased military production, created a peace time draft and agreed to help its allies. 2.The U.S. finally entered the war when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941. 3.After the loss of the Philippines and most of the South Pacific islands, the U.S. finally beat the Japanese at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Germans in North Africa I understand how the home front responded to American participation in the war Answers Ch. 24 Sec. 3 1.The U.S. asked for volunteers and drafted men totaling 15 million 2.The U.S. created the War Production board which controlled all factory products 3.American women took over the jobs left by men, served in the military, grew victory gardens, rationed consumer goods and did everything necessary to win. 4.Even U.S. citizens of Japanese ancestry were locked up. I can understand how the Allies won World War II and the results Answers Ch. 24 Sec. 4 1. More tanks, more men, more supplies, etc. and NO HITLER telling the U.S. Generals what to do. 2. The development and dropping of the Abomb on Japan convinced them to surrender. 3. 6 million Jews and countless millions of other were murdered by the Nazis. 4. What happened to war criminals
