Chapter
22 Section 1
Objectives
• Examine how economic factors led to the
election of Republican Warren Harding.
• Compare and contrast the administrations of
Harding and Calvin Coolidge.
• Describe the U.S. policy of isolationism.
• Explain how the threat of communism abroad
raised concerns in the United States.
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Chapter
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Terms and People
• Warren Harding – elected President of the
United States in 1920
• Calvin Coolidge – Harding’s vice president,
who took over as president in 1923 after the
death of President Harding
• disarmament – the reduction or limitation of
military armaments
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Terms and People (continued)
• communism– an economic or political system
in which the state owns the means of production
and a single party rules
• anarchist– a person who opposes all organized
government
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What problems at home and abroad
challenged the nation after World War I?
The United States emerged from World War I
as a world power.
The nation rejected a major role in world
affairs and instead turned inward.
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Chapter
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President Wilson and the Democrats became
unpopular for several reasons.
Mishandling
of the Treaty
of Versailles
Economic
recession
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Labor
strikes
Fear of
Communists
Chapter
22 Section 1
Many Americans hoped a change in leadership
would lead to peace and prosperity.
In 1920, Republican Warren Harding ran for
President against Woodrow Wilson.
Harding
promised the
return to
“normalcy”
that many
Americans
wanted.
Harding won
by a
landslide.
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Harding filled his administration with friends and
men who supported business.
Wealthy banker
Andrew Mellon
became Secretary
of the Treasury.
Other appointees
used their jobs to
make personal
fortunes.
He slashed the
federal budget and
lowered taxes on
the wealthy.
Several were
involved in
scandals such as
taking bribes.
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Chapter
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Harding’s presidency was marred by scandal.
The billboards
in this cartoon
show the “sale”
of government
institutions.
Harding did not live to regain the public’s trust. He had a
fatal heart attack in 1923.
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Chapter
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Calvin Coolidge, Harding’s Vice President, took over
after Harding’s death.
He cooperated with the
Harding scandal
investigations and
restored public trust.
Also, the recession
ended while he was in
office.
He easily won the 1924 election.
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Chapter
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After World War I, most Americans supported
isolationism.
However, Americans continued to promote peace
and disarmament.
In 1921, the U.S. and
other countries
agreed to limit the
size of their navies.
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In 1928, the U.S. and
France sponsored the
Kellogg-Briand Pact to
prevent military
aggression.
Chapter
22 Section 1
President Coolidge intervened in foreign
matters that affected U.S. business.
In 1926, revolution
broke out in
Nicaragua.
He sent troops
to protect U.S.
business interests.
In 1927, Mexico
planned to take over
U.S. oil lands.
He resolved the
situation using
diplomacy.
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Coolidge also chose to aid Russia, even though
America opposed its Communist government.
1917
The Soviet Union, the world’s first
Communist state, was formed. The
Communist Party crushed all
opposition.
1918
The U.S. aided the opponents of
communism.
1921
The U.S. sent aid to Russia to fight
famine.
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Fear of communism abroad led to a “Red
Scare” in the United States.
In 1919, foreign
anarchists
bombed several
targets in the
U.S.
Many Americans
came to fear all
foreigners.
Thousands of anarchists and Communists, or
“Reds,” were arrested, and many were deported.
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The case of two Italian immigrants shows the
mistreatment of foreigners during this time.
Sacco and Vanzetti
were accused of
robbery and murder
with little evidence.
Both men were
anarchists.
Sacco and Vanzetti
They were found guilty and executed in 1927.
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Fears about radicals led to new limits on
immigration to the United States.
Americans worried
about losing their
culture and having
to compete for jobs.
Congress passed
laws limiting
immigration in
1921, 1924, and
1929.
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The new immigration limits did not apply to people
from the Americas.
950,000 people migrated to the U.S. from
Canada.
They took jobs in New England factories.
Nearly 500,000 migrated from Mexico.
They helped develop the American Southwest.
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Chapter
22 Section 1
Section Review
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