Chapter 2
Anatomy of Respiration
Perry C. Hanavan, AuD
Vertebral Column
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Vertebrae (video)
Vertebral column
Vertebrae
Cervical
– Atlas and Axis
• Thoracic
– 12 pair of ribs articulate
• Lumbar
• Sacral
• Coccyx
Vertebra
Question
Which of the following best describes
curvature of the spine away from the midline
or sideways?
A. Kyphosis
B. Lordosis
C. Scoliosis
D. None of the above
SMART Response Que
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Vertebral Disorders
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis
Vertebral Disorders
Disc Problems
Vertebral Disorders
Question
How many ribs do humans normally have?
A. 12
B. 24
C. 16
D. Varies from human to human
E. Adam is missing one
SMART Response Que
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Ribs
• Bony thorax (anterior view)
• Bony thorax (posterior view)
• 12 pair of ribs:
– True Ribs – ribs 1-7; these are
attached directly to the sternum
through their own costal cartilages.
– False Ribs – ribs 8-10; their costal
cartilages are joined to the rib just
above them so their attachment to
the sternum is indirect
– Floating Ribs – ribs 11-12; these
ribs attach to vertebrae, but not to
the sternum so they float on one
end
Rib Cage During Respiration
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Dr. Michael Parker Demo
Dr. Michael Parker Demo2
Dr. Michael Parker Demo3
Rib
Question
Term that means breastbone?
A. Corpus
B. Xiphoid
C. Sternum
D. Clavicle
SMART Response Que
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Sternum
• Sternum (breastbone)
– Manubrium - handle
– Corpus - body
– Xiphoid - sword
• Rib and clavicular
articulations
Scapula
• Scapula – shoulder
blade
Clavicle
• Clavicle – collar bone
Pelvis
• Pelvic girdle - basin
Question
If a person where to aspirate an object, it is
most likely to fall into this lung:
A. Right
B. Left
C. Depends on age of person
D. Equal odds falling into either SMART Response Que
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Lungs
• Lungs
– 2 lungs
• Right – 3 lobes
• Left – 2 lobes
– Mediastinum
• Cardiac notch
Question
Two terms mean windpipe…one Latin and
the other Greek (select 2 answers)
A. Trachea
B. Bronchi
C. Alveoloi
D. Larynx
SMART Response Que
E. Pharynx
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Lungs
Bronchial Passageway
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Trachea
Bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Alveoli
Trachea and Bronchi
• Trachea –
• Bronchi –
• Alveoli -O2 and Co2 are exchanged at
the alveoli. There are about
300 million alveoli which are
encapsulated in capillaries.
The surface of the alveolus is
composed of a thin layer of
squamous epithelial cells with
cuboidal cellsinterspersed
among them.
Pleural Linings
• Thoracic linings –
parietal pleurae
• Mediastinal pleura
• Pericardial
• Diaphragmatic
• Costal
• Apical
• Visceral
Muscles of Inspiration
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Diaphragm
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Levator costarum
Serratus posterior superior
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenus
Trapezius
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboideus major
Rhomboideus minor
Diaphragm
• Dome shaped muscle
innervated by two
phrenic nerves.
• When diaphragm
contracts during normal
breathing, the dome
descends l-2 cm and as
much as l0 cm during
deep inspiration.
Intercostals
Intercostals
Neck Muscles
Neck Inspiratory Muscles
Anterior
• Pectoralis
• Serratus anterior
• Subclavius
Anterior Inspiratory Muscles
Posterior Muscles
• Levatores costarum
• Serratus posterior
superior
• Levator scapulae
• Rhomboideus
• Latissimus dorsi
Posterior Inspiratory Muscles
Posterior Muscles of Inspiration
Muscles of Expiration
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Internal intercostal
Transversus thoracis
Subcostal
Serratus posterior inferior
Innermost intercostal
Latissimus dorsi
Internal oblique abdominis
External oblique abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Quadratus lumborum
Anterior Expiratory Muscles
Anterior Expiratory Muscles
End
Chapter 2
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