Types and components of a
computer system
Section 1 – Chapter 1
By: Nageeb Yahya
Objectives
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Define hardware , software, giving examples
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Identify types of hardware
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Identify the components of computer system
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Identify different between input/output device and internal/external devices
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Identify types of software
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Operating system
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User Interfaces CLI/GUI/DI/GI
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Types of computer
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Impact of emerging technologies
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Hardware and software
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▹ Hardware
Is a general term for the physical components that make up a computer system.
➢ Physical means that it can be touched and picked up
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Types of hardware
Types of Hardware
Types of Hardware
1- Internal Internal : inside the computer
2- External
External : outside the computer
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1.2 Main components of a computer system
Computer system
Hardware
Software
(data direction)
Input device: device send to computer
Output device: computer send to device
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Computer system
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Types of hardware
Types of hardware
1- Internal
1- Input
2- External
2- Output
Hardware location
Data direction
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Internal Hardware
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Motherboard is a printed circuit. It allow the hardware
components to communicate with each other.
CPU (Central Processing Unit): the brain of the computer.
It execute the commands from hardware and software.
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Internal Hardware
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MAIN MEMORY
RAM (Random Access Memory)
1. Internal chip
2. Data temporarily stored when running application
3. Can be written to / Read from
4. Volatile: data is lost when power is turned off
ROM (Read Only Memory)
1. Internal chip
2. Data permanent stored (code tells the computer what to
do when it first start up)
3. Can be read Only (can not be altered)
4. None-Volatile: data is not lost when power is turned off 11
Internal Hardware
SECONDARY MEMORY
HDD (Hard Disk Drive): is a hardware device that's used to
store information like software and files.
• It consists of mechanical and electronic parts.
• The magnetic plate used to store information
• The capacity of hard drive ranges from GB to Tera
Bytes.
SSD (Solid State Drive):is a hardware device that's used to
store information like software and files.
• It consists of electronic part only.
• The electronic part used to store information
• None-Volatile rewritable memory
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Internal Hardware
Video Card: allow the computer to send graphical
information to a video display device such as monitor,
TV and projector.
(output)
• Connected to motherboard
Sound Card:
1. Allow The computer to produce a sound that can be
heard by speaker
(output)
2. Allow The user to Record sound from
a Microphone
(input)
3. Connected to motherboard
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NIC ( Network Interface Card)
NIC is a network device that used to connect individual computers to network.
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Software
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Software
▹ Is a general term for the programs that control the computer system
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It a set of instructions tells the hardware what to do
Software cannot be touched or picked up
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Types of software
1- System Software
2- Application Software
Programs that allow the hardware
to run properly and allow the
user to commuincate with the
computer
Programs that allow the user
to do a specific tasks
Hardware
User
User
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Types of software
1- System Software
2- Application Software
Operating system
Word processor
Device drivers
Spread sheet
Compiler
Database
Linker
Photo/ Video editing
Utilities
Applet
Measurement
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1.3 Operating system (O.S.)
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The function of O.S:
1.
To enable the computer system to function
2.
Allow the user to communicate with computer system
OS
Manage
Hardware
User
Examples of O.S
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System Software
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Compiler
Human language
Complier translate high
level language to low level
language that the computer
can understood
Machine Code
Can you read this message
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Utility
Software
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Snack Question
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How does the computer receive
the command from the user?
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User interfaces in Operating System
O.S
User interfaces
CLI
Command Line Interface
GUI
Graphic User Interface
DI
Dialogue-based
Interface
GI
Gesture-based
Interface
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User interfaces in Operating System
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CLI is a program that allow the user to interact with the computer by typing text
command
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GUI is a program that allow the user to interact with the computer using
Icons/menu/window
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Dialogue-based interface is a program that allow the user to interact with the
computer by voice command
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Gesture-based interface is a program that allow the user to interact with the
computer by physical movement
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CLI
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Advantage
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▸
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Use less memory
Disadvantage
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GUI
The user needs to learn the
commands
Advantage
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The user no need to learn the commands
Disadvantage
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Need high memory
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Analog and digital data
Types of Data
Analogue
Digital
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Our life is analogue
Analogue data use values that continuously change
very smoothly.
Digital data jumps from one value to the next in a step
by step sequence
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Play
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1.4 Types of computer
Smartphone
Phablet
Mobile
Laptop
Desktop
Tablet
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PC / Laptop Computer
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Refere to a gerneral purpose computer that is made
up of a separate monitor, keyboard, mouse and
processor unit.
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Impact of Emerging Technologies
1- AI
2- AR
3-VR
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Artificial intelligence AI
how to make the
machine think as
human?
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AI is a machine or application which carries
out a task that requires some degree of
intelligence
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Bank, smartphone
Face recognition
use of language
Chat
GPT
Application
of AI
Robotics
Cars
Data analysis and
prediction
Weather
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Extended Reality XR
XR refers to
real and
virtual
combined
environments
XR
MR
Mixed Reality
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Augmented Realty AR
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allow the user to experience the relationship between
digital (virtual) and physical (real) worlds
virtual objects are overlaid onto real-world
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the real world is enhanced with
digital details, such as images,
text and animation
Use: goggles ,smartphone,
phablet screens
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AR application
Game
Education
Medical
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Virtual Realty VR
Play
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the ability to take the user out of the real-world environment
into a virtual (unreal) digital environments
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users must wear a VR
headset or a headmounted display which
allows a 360° view of the
virtual
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VR application
Medical
Education
Game
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APPENDIX
Advantage and disadvantage of User Interface
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Advantage and disadvantage of User Interface
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From Past paper exam
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[8]
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