1.​ Which of the following is true about cognitive dissonance? All of the above
2.​ Research has shown that people are more likely to change their behaviors rather than
their opinions when they experience dissonance. False
3.​ Which of the following is NOT a core component of attitude? Insight
4.​ One reason investigators use implicit attitude measures is because they believe people
may be unwilling or unable to report their true feelings or opinions. True
5.​ As discussed in lecture, Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) gave participants either $1 or $20
for telling others that an experiment was fun and interesting, when in reality the
experiment was tedious and boring. The study results showed that...after telling people
that the study was interesting, participants in the $1 condition tended to report a
more positive attitude toward the experiment.
6.​ Effort justification explains all but which of the following phenomena? Having a
positive opinion of the university you chose to attend.
7.​ Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between attitudes and
behavior? Attitudes do not always predict behavior because people can have
attitudes that conflict with each other.
8.​ According to Festinger and dissonance theory, which of the following is Stan likely to tell
his hometown friends (and himself) after choosing to move across the country to Los
Angeles, California and experiencing a lot more traffic in his daily commute? "I've
learned so much from the podcasts I listen to on my commute!"
9.​ In class, Professor Henderson described a study by Glass (1964), which involved
participants administering electric shock to a confederate under Choice and No Choice
conditions. Glass also manipulated the self-esteem of participants. What did the study
conclude? Participants showed a decrease in friendliness toward the confederate
under the Choice and High Self-Esteem conditions.
10.​According to system justification theory...Even people who occupy less privileged roles
in society are motivated to see the existing system as legitimate and fair.
11.​Which of the following is consistent with terror management theory? People think about
having children in order to carry on their legacy.
12.​You have two friends whom you like very much, Lana and Sabrina. Unfortunately, Lana
can't stand Sabrina. Based on your knowledge of Dissonance Theory, how might you get
Lana to like Sabrina more, so the three of you can hang out? ​Encourage Lana to do a
favor for Sabrina.
13.​Which of the following best describes Bem's self-perception theory? We infer our
attitudes by looking at our behavior.
14.​The following statements describe either self-perception or dissonance theory. Which
statement is true? Self-perception accounts for attitudes that are relatively vague.
15.​Obedience usually leads to negative or harmful consequences in society…False
16.​Recall that Zanna & Cooper (1974) gave participants (placebo) pills and told them the
pill would either arouse, relax, or not affect them. The participants then wrote
counter-attitudinal essays, and their subsequent reported attitude change was measured.
The results of the study can be interpreted through which of the following ways? Both A
and B
17.​Bem's self-perception theory challenged dissonance theorists by arguing that
inconsistency doesn't motivate behavior and attitude change. True
18.​According to Professor Henderson, self-perception theory would seem to do a better job
than cognitive dissonance theory of accounting for the Ben Franklin effect. False
19.​Which of the following can best be explained by self-perception theory? Timmy reads a
lot of Harry Potter books, and he concludes that he must really like Harry Potter.
20.​Which of the following is true about reactance theory? People will often perform the
opposite behavior when they feel their freedom to make a behavioral choice is being
threatened.
21.​Tonia heard a group of students arguing that depression has nothing to do with genetic
factors. Tonia believed that claim was not true. However, three months later, when
writing an essay on depression, Tonia suddenly recalled that she had heard depression is
completely unrelated to one's genes. In this situation, _____ has influenced her attitude.
the sleeper effect
22.​If someone has a high positive reaction and a high negative reaction towards a certain
thing, what type of attitude is this person most likely to have? Ambivalence
23.​Based on the experiment done by Pennebaker & Sanders in 1976, which of the following
increased the number of graffiti the most? A stern warning from a high-authority
source
24.​According to the elaboration likelihood model (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986), low motivation
and few cognitive resources lead to processing of information via the peripheral route.
True
25.​Which of the following is not a key factor affecting the effectiveness of a persuasive
appeal according to the Yale Attitude Change Model? Duration of communication
26.​Jonny wants to persuade his dad to buy him the latest iPhone. Which of the following
would be the most effective if he wants to use central route to persuasion? Jonny
thoroughly lists how the new phone is different from the old one, and how the new
technology on the phone could improve his daily life.
27.​Which of the following is not considered a message characteristic that influences the
effectiveness of a persuasive appeal? Speaker's attractiveness (will also accept culture)
28.​Which of the following is an example of compliance in social psychology? Laura’s
colleague asked her for a ride, and she agreed.
29.​Michael asked his roommate Axel to lend him $10,000, and Axel refused. Michael then
asked to lend him $200, this time Axel agreed. What is this technique called?
Door-in-the-face
30.​According to the variations of Milgram's obedience experiments, which of the following
conditions significantly decreased participants’ obedience? All of the above
31.​Matt and his colleagues are discussing the company trip destination. Matt wants to visit
Dallas, but his colleagues want to visit Houston. Which of the following situations would
decrease the pressure Matt feels to conform with his colleagues? One other colleague
expresses a different opinion that he actually wants to visit Austin.
32.​Which of the following correctly describes minority or majority influence? Minority
voices have greater impact when the minority opinion is consistent.
33.​Which of the following is correct about Milgram’s obedience studies? By taking
responsibility for what was happening, the experimenter reduced participants'
stress and increased their willingness to continue the experiment.
34.​When people engage in conformity, whoever it is they are copying does not need to be
physically present. True
35.​Which of the following is not an example of normative influence? Peter follows another
player in a maze, assuming they know the way out.
36.​Amanda just accidentally broke her friend's mirror, and she was feeling guilty. A few
minutes later, a person asked whether she was willing to donate some money, and she did.
This can be an example of… Negative state relief hypothesis
37.​Obedience always involves an unequal power dynamic between the person making the
demand and the person the demand is being directed at. True
38.​Conformity can be beneficial for society because it… leads to smoother social
interactions.
39.​The reason for conformity in Asch's experiment is informational influence. False
40.​Milgram’s research on obedience found that men were more destructively obedient than
women. False