COMMON STRUCTURES
Should (ought to): nên, cần phải
• Người ta nên uống nhiều nước vì nước có thể giúp người ta
tránh được nhiều căn bệnh mãn tính nguy hiềm.
• Trẻ con nên được căn dặn cẩn thận trước khi đi ra ngoài
một mình và chúng nên thuộc lòng một số thông tin quan
trọng về bản thân hoặc cha mẹ mình ví dụ như tên họ và số
điện thoại. (give notice of /give warning of)
• Bạn không nên tắm nước lạnh quá khuya vì như thế phổi
của bạn dễ bị có nước.
It (take)+ (time) + to infinitive:
mất (bao lâu) để (làm việc gì)
• This autumn festival is traditionally celebrated
with family and friends over a big meal that
takes hours to prepare.
• It took him three years to create the work.
• It would take several minutes to produce or
understand a single short sentence.
• The journey takes three days.
Participle phrases
1. Present Participle
• Returning home three decades later, he is now regarded as one of
history's great travelers.
• Sweeping across the night sky, the bats hunted their prey.
2. Past Participle
• Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote corners of the Islamic world.
• Printed on the very first press, the document was extremely valuable.
to take steps + to infinitive
tiến hành các bước …, từng bước thực hiện…
- They take steps to prevent problems.
- The treaty also binds signatories to “respond promptly” to
request for information from countries hit by the smoke and
take steps to implement their obligations under the treaty.
It was not until……that…....
Mãi cho tới (khi)……. mới……
• It was not until 1920 that regular broadcast began.
• I stayed up late last night. In fact, I didn’t go to bed until after
midnight.
PRACTICE
- Mãi đến khi máy chạy xăng (petrol engine) được phát minh thì
người ta mới vượt qua được nỗi khó khăn này.
 It was not until the petrol engine was invented that this
difficulty could be overcome.
- It was not long before ………….
- Before long….
- Chẳng bao lâu sau……
- Không lâu sau………
• It was not long before five other buildings topped the
Woolworth tower.
• Before long they were big enough to be planted in the field.
PRACTICE
- Before long I had caught eight fish, and we had them for dinner.
 …………….
It + be + adj + that + Clause
• It is true that they have moved.
• It’s too bad that you lost your job.
PRACTICE
- It seemed evident to me that the visits they made to the island
were not very frequent.
- Sự thật là việc chế tạo xe hơi là một ngành quan trọng.
 It is true that the manufacturing of automobiles is a major
industry.
It is + important / necessary / essential / vital /
crucial that + S + V (bare infinitive)
- It’s essential that he submit his term paper by the end of next
week.
 Điều thiết yếu là anh ấy phải nộp bài luận của mình trước
cuối tuần sau.
- Điều quan trọng là vợ anh ấy làm việc để giúp thanh toán các hóa
đơn.
 It is essential that his wife work to help pay the bills.
…. Verb (affirmative) + S (negative)….
Subject (negative) + V (affirmative)…..
- Nowhere else do the trees grow so fast.
Ko nơi nào mà các cây này mọc nhanh như vậy.
- Never before had such a thing been seen.
………. so + adj/adv + that …….
………. such + noun + that …….
quá….. đến nỗi mà….
….. so many + noun + that…..
…… so much + noun + that ……
- It became so hot that the men were exhausted and refused to
go another step.
 ….
- Steve bắt được nhiều cá đến nỗi không thể đếm xuể.
 Steve caught so many fish that he couldn’t count them.
OR ……. in order to make ends’ meet.
………. so that …….
……... để mà………
- I could easily keep the island in sight so that I would not lose my way.
 …….
- Là ông bố có 3 con, John đã xoay sở đảm nhận 2 công việc cùng lúc để
có thể đủ sống.
As a father of three, John managed to take on two jobs so that he
can make ends’ meet.
or ……. in order to make ends’ meet.
NOTE: Do not mix up : so … that and so that
………. whether……. or ……..
…… (dù)….. hay (là)
…….(hoặc) ….. hoặc………
- I didn’t know whether I was on the continent or on the island.
- Whether John is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in
the quiet suburb, John’s life is tied to machine.
 ….
………. whether……. or not.
……... if ……… or not.
(…… có….. hay không.)
- I don’t know whether I can bear this pain in my arm or not.
- The farmers will have to irrigate whether it rains or not.
 Nông dân sẽ phải dẫn nước vào ruộng dù trời có mưa hay
không.
1. S + have + O + bare infinitive
S + get + O + to infinitive
2. S + have/get + pronoun/noun + past participle
bảo, sai, nhờ (ai) làm việc gì
- I have my son clean the floor on a weekly basis.
- I had the boy repair my bicyle.
(Tôi đã nhờ thằng bé sửa xe đạp cho tôi).
- I shall have my servant iron your clothes.
(Tôi sẽ bảo người làm ủi quần áo cho anh).
- Tôi không thấy rõ, có lẽ tôi cần phải kiểm tra mắt.
I don’t see well, perhaps I need to have my eyes tested.
- I’ll have to get John to do this report. I won’t be able to finish it in time.
- I’ve got that shirt washed and ironed.
 Tôi nhờ người giặt và ủi cái sơ mi đó.
………. call + direct object + noun (pronoun)
……... gọi…… là ….
- We call these areas the middle latitude.
 Chúng tôi gọi những vùng này là vùng ôn đới.
- Họ đặt tên cho đứa bé là Richard, nhưng lại thường gọi nó là Dick.
They have named the baby Richard, but often called him Dick.
- He is currently considered (to be) the best British athlete.
…
- Cô có xem anh ấy là một người bạn không?
…
….. some verbs + Wh-word + S + V…
……... ???………
- Tell me why you called her last night.
- I wonder how she could manage to make ends’ meet.
- There are a lot of complaints to deal with, and I don’t know where
my boss is.
NOTE: Do not mix up : so … that and so that
…… look like …….
……. look alike………
……. the same ……..as
- Mike looks like his father.
- Mike and his father look alike.
- He is walking like a drunkard.
- Paul went to the same school as Tom.
………. in order to/so as to + v-inf (để…)
……... for ………
………. in order that………(để mà….)
- He came to the grocery store for some bread.
- He came to the grocery store in order to buy some bread.
- He came to the grocery store in order that he could buy some bread.
S + wish +that + Noun clause ……. (ước …..)
If only……… (Giá như/Phải chi……)
- I wish I spoke English perfectly now.
- Tom wishes that he had passed the exam last year.
- She wishes that she would go to the moon by the end of this year.
(verb in Present conditional, not in Simple future)
- If only I knew the answer to this question!
- If only I had gone to your party last week!
PRACTICE
- Tôi không biết là hòn đảo đã có người sống hay không; không biết là
có dã thú gây nguy hiểm hay không.
I didn’t know whether the island was inhabited or not; whether it
was in danger of wild beasts or not.
- Dù mưa hay nắng, …
 Whether rain or shine,…
VIETNAMESE – ENGLISH
.……. for sth/ in order to V-inf
…….. in order that……
- He came to the grocery store for some bread.
- He came to the grocery store in order to buy some bread.
- He came to the grocery store in order that he could buy some bread.
Tuy rằng ……. nhưng (vẫn) …….
Mặc dù ……… nhưng (vẫn)……..
- Although the price was high, he bought the tickets.
- He bought the tickets even though the price was high.
Bởi vì ……. cho nên …….
because, as, for, since….
- We stayed home because it rained.
- Since you are my best friend, I’ll tell you all.
Cả/Ngay cả/Ngay đến + (cũng) + nữa
- Even I cannot eat four bowls of rice. (Đến cả tôi cũng còn không ăn
được 4 chén cơm).
- My mother is also going to the movie.
Ngoài ……. ra: except…, besides…, in addition
to…
- I go to school everyday, except Sunday.
- Besides oranges and apples, I eat ice-cream for dessert.
Nếu (mà)……. thì…….
- If Tom isn’t careful, he will cut himself.
- If he had not had a passion for gambling, he would not have been
ruined.