BIOMATERIALS- INTRODUCTION
Biomaterials are used to make devices to replace a part or
a function of the body in safe, reliably economically, and
physiologically acceptable manner. A variety of devices
and materials are used in the treatment of disease or injury.
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Requirements of Biomaterials
A biomaterial must be:
• Inert or specifically interactive
• Biocompatible Acceptance of an artificial implant by the
surrounding tissues and by the body as a
whole.
• Mechanically and chemically stable
• Processable (for manufacturability)
• Sterilizable (ability of material to make it completely
clean and free from bacteria)
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Biocompatibility is the ability of material to perform
within an appropriate host response in a specific
application.
in other words is the quality of not having toxic or injurious effects on
biological systems.
Internal Medicine
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• Bones consist of living cells embedded in a mineralized organic matrix.
• This matrix consists of
- organic component: collagen
- Inorganic components: primarily hydroxyapatite and other salts of
calcium and phosphate.
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Metal (originally stainless steel) femoral component.
Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) acetabular component.
bone cement and screws - Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA): transparent thermoplastic
Acrylic bone cement is the only material currently used to fill the irregular space
between artificial joint (prosthesis) and bone during total hip replacements
(THR).
Its main function is to transfer body weight and service loads from the metal
prosthesis to the bone and/or increase the load carrying capacity of the
prosthesis- bone cement- bone system
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Plate for fracture fixation –
• Stainless steel
• cobalt-chromium alloy
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