Circulatory System
1. Main Organs
 Including heart, blood vessels & blood.
 Heart: Made of muscle, contracts & relaxes to pump blood around the body.
 Blood Vessels: Including arteries, capillaries and veins.
o Artery: Carry blood away from the heart.
o Vein: Carry blood back to the heart.
o Capillary: Connect the arteries to the veins. The exchange of gases and nutrients
occurs here.
2. Related Diseases
DISEASE
CAUSES
CONSEQUENCES
Heart Attack
The heart stops receiving blood
and oxygen from blood vessels.
Diabetes, smoking, stress, uses of
cocaine, high blood pressure…
Heart cannot pump sufficient
blood →fluid accumulation in
lungs/legs, shortness of breath,
chronic fatigue, reduced organ
function.
Hypertension
Excess salt intake, obesity,
physical inactivity, genetic
predisposition, chronic stress,
kidney disease, or hormonal
imbalances.
Constant high pressure damages
arterial walls →increased risk of
stroke, heart attack, heart failure,
kidney damage, and vision loss.
Stroke
Ischemic: blood clot blocking a
brain artery. Hemorrhagic:
ruptured artery in the brain. Risk
factors: hypertension, AFib,
smoking, diabetes,
atherosclerosis.
Brain cells die within minutes →
paralysis, speech loss, memory
impairment, personality changes,
or death depending on location
and severity.
3. Prevention




Exercise regularly
Eat less salt & saturated fats (Healthy Diets)
Avoid smoking.
Manage Stress (Keep blood pressure stable)
4. Blood Circulation
Pulmonary Circuit (1st Circuit)
Right Ventricle  Pulmonary Artery  Lungs
Capillaries  Pulmonary Veins  Left Atrium
Systemic Circuit (2nd Circuit)
Left Ventricle  Upper & Lower Branch
Aorta  Upper Body Capillaries & Lower
Body Capillaries  Upper & Lower Branch
Vena Cava  Right Atrium
5.
Blood Ingredients

Plasma (55%): Plasma is mostly water.
Many subtances dissolved in it. It carries
many soluble nutrients such as glucose,
amino acids and mineral ions. It also
transports hormones and carbon dioxide.
 Blood cells (45%): Include red blood cells, white blood cells and platelet.
o Red blood cells (43%): Carry oxygen with hemoglobin.
o White blood cells (> 1%): Protect body against pathogens (disease-causing bacteria
and viruses) and clear up dead body cells.
o Platelet (> 1%): Participate in the blood clotting process. (Stop pathogens from
getting into the body)
6. Blood Groups
 ABO Blood Group System:
o Group A has A antigens on red blood cells and anti-B antibodies in plasma.
o Group B has B antigens on red blood cells and anti-A antibodies in plasma.
o Group AB: has both A&B antigens on red blood cells and no antibodies.
o Group O has no A or B antigens but has both anti-A & anti-B antibodies in plasma.
 Rh Blood Group System: Depends on the presence of the Rh(D) system.
o Rh-positive (+): The Rh antigen is present.
o Rh-negative (-): The Rh antigen is absent.
 Did you know?
o O-: Is called the universal donor because it can donate blood to all blood group.
o AB+: Is called the universal recipient because it can receive blood from all blood
group.
7. Blood Flow Velocity
 In arteries, blood flows the fastest and much comes out when damaged. (Very severe)
 In veins, blood flows more slowly than arteries, much comes out when damaged.
 In capillaries, blood flows the slowest and only a little comes out when damaged.
WORDS DEFINITION
1. Saturate: bão hòa
2. Universal: phổ quát
3. Velocity: vận tốc
4. Circulate: tuần hoàn
5. Vein: tĩnh mạch
6. Artery: động mạch
7. Capillary: mao mạch
8. Antigen: kháng nguyên
9. Antibody: kháng thể
10. Pathogens: mầm bệnh
11. Red blood cells: hồng cầu
12. White blood cells: bạch cầu
13. Platelet: tiểu cầu
14. Plasma: huyết tương
15. Exchange: trao đổi
16. Clot: đông
17. Contract: co lại
THE END.