Part 2
🔹 Starting your comparison
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“In the first picture, we can see…, whereas in the second one…”
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“Both photographs deal with…, but they approach the idea from different angles.”
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“While the first image focuses on…, the second seems to highlight…”
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“These two pictures share the theme of…, although they portray it in contrasting ways.”
🔹 Describing what you see (without sounding basic)
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“The atmosphere in this picture appears quite relaxed/tense/energetic.”
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“It gives the impression that the people are…”
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“What stands out to me immediately is…”
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“There seems to be a strong sense of…”
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“The setting suggests that…”
🔹 Speculating (very important for C1)
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“They might be experiencing…”
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“It could be that they’re trying to…”
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“Perhaps the photographer wanted to capture…”
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“This image may have been taken in a context where…”
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“I get the feeling that…”
🔹 Comparing and contrasting
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“A key difference between the two is…”
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“Unlike the first picture, the second one shows…”
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“Both images illustrate…, but in the first it’s more evident that…”
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“The contrast becomes clear when we look at…”
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“In comparison with the first image, this one seems more…”
🔹 Answering the question (the examiner’s prompt)
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“As for the question of which situation requires more…, I’d say…”
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“In my view, the scenario in the first picture would involve more…”
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“I’d argue that…, mainly because…”
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“Although both situations involve…, I believe that…”
🔹 Organising your answer smoothly
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“To begin with…”
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“Another point worth mentioning is…”
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“Having said that…”
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“On the other hand…”
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“To sum up…”
🔹 Sounding confident and fluent
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“What I find particularly interesting is…”
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“It’s worth pointing out that…”
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“This reminds me of…”
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“It’s clear that both images aim to…”
Environment
Environmental Problems
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Biodiversity loss – the decline in the variety of plant and animal life.
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Habitat degradation – the deterioration of natural environments.
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Deforestation – large-scale removal of forests.
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Desertification – the process by which fertile land becomes desert.
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Soil erosion – the wearing away of topsoil by wind or water.
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Airborne pollutants – harmful substances released into the air.
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Water contamination – pollution of rivers, lakes, or oceans.
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Carbon emissions – release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
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Greenhouse gases – gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.
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Ecological footprint – the impact of human activities on the environment.
Climate & Energy
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Renewable energy sources – energy from wind, solar, hydro, etc.
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Fossil fuel dependency – reliance on coal, oil, and gas.
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Carbon neutrality – achieving net-zero carbon emissions.
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Energy-efficient technologies – devices that use less energy.
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Sustainable development – growth that meets present needs without harming future generations.
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Climate resilience – the ability to withstand climate-related impacts.
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Decarbonisation – reducing carbon output across sectors.
Conservation & Protection
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Wildlife conservation – protecting animal species and habitats.
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Reforestation / afforestation – planting trees to restore or create forests.
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Marine conservation – protecting oceans and marine ecosystems.
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Circular economy – a system focused on reusing and recycling resources.
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Environmental stewardship – responsible management of natural resources.
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Protected areas – zones where ecosystems are legally safeguarded.
Human Impact & Policy
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Industrial waste – by-products from manufacturing processes.
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Overconsumption – using resources at an unsustainable rate.
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Environmental regulations – laws designed to protect the environment.
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Carbon taxation – a tax on carbon emissions to encourage reduction.
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Greenwashing – misleading claims about environmental friendliness.
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Urban sprawl – uncontrolled expansion of cities.
Useful Verbs & Phrases
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Mitigate the effects of – reduce the negative impact.
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Combat climate change – take action against global warming.
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Preserve natural resources – protect materials provided by nature.
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Phase out – gradually stop using something (e.g., fossil fuels).
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Implement eco-friendly policies – put sustainable measures into practice.
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Raise environmental awareness – educate people about environmental issues.