Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, Indore
Shri Vaishnav Institute of Information Technology
Practical - 03
1. Title: Write a function using reference variables as arguments to swap the
values of a pair of integers.
2. Outcome:
 Gain clarity on how reference variables operate in C++.
 Demonstrate the concept of call by reference and contrast it with call by
value.
 Acquire hands-on practice in writing modular, reusable functions.
3. Objectives:
 Understand the mechanics of passing variables by reference in a function.
 Observe how modifications inside a function directly affect the original
variables.
 Strengthen skills in writing clean, structured, and reusable C++ functions.
4. Nomenclature, Theory, Code, Result:
Nomenclature:
 Reference variable: An alias for another variable, declared using &.
 Swap function: A function that exchanges the values of two variables.
 Theory:
 In C++, when arguments are passed by value, the function works on copies,
leaving originals unchanged.
 When arguments are passed by reference, the function works directly on the
original variables.
 Swapping values is a classic demonstration: without references, the swap
won’t persist outside the function; with references, it will.
 Code
 Results