Terms:
​binary fission, conjugation, cyanobacteria, endospore, lysogenic cycle, lytic cycle,
pathogen, retrovirus
FRQ:
​Explain how prokaryotes evolve and introduce variation despite producing
identical cells.
​Describe retroviruses and how they differ from other animal viruses.
​Distinguish between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral replication.
​Distinguish between the characteristics of viral and bacterial infections.
​Explain how vaccines protect against disease using named examples.
TYU:
​#1,2,3,5
Terms:
binary fission- each daughter cell receives a single circular chromosome
Conjugation- bacteria that produces plasmids
Cyanobacteria- photosynthetic bacteria thought to have allowed the introduction of
oxygen to the earth's atmosphere
Endospore- protective inner wall for if conditions are not optimal
lysogenic cycle- viral genes remain inactive spreads undetected can activate as the lytic
cycle
lytic cycle- the replication of the virus is fast
Pathogen- a microorganism that can cause a disease
Retrovirus- convert RNA to DNA then add to the host’s genome
FRQ’s:
1.​ Since they go through binary fission which is asexual meaning each is a replica they
evolve through mutation generally caused by antibiotic resistance which happens in
cases of improper antibiotic treatment.
2.​ Retro viruses are convert RNA to DNA (reverse transcription) then add to the host’s
genome but animal viruses that require a host cell to infect the host
3.​
lytic
lysogenic
Replicate fast
Remain inactive
Doesn’t remain undetected for long
because of its fast replication
DNA at first spreads undetected for longer
and then the lytic cycle begins
4.​
Viral
Bacterial
non-living
Single cell organism
Symptoms Gradually resolve if cared for
Symtoms require antibiotic to treat
5.​ We can see that vaccines protect against diseases because of the decrease and now
eradication of small pox since the introduction of the small pox vaccine and the almost
eradication of polio since the vaccine.
TYU:
1. Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to both bacteria
and viruses?
(A) metabolism
(B) ribosomes
(C) genetic material composed of nucleic acid
(D) cell division
2. Emerging viruses arise by
(A) mutation of existing viruses.
(B) the spread of existing viruses to new host species.
(C) the spread of existing viruses more widely within
their host species.
(D) all of the above.
3. A human pandemic is
(A) a viral disease that infects all humans.
(B) a flu that kills more than 1 million people.
(C) an epidemic that extends around the world
(D) a virus that increases in mortality rate as it spreads.
5. RNA viruses require their own supply of certain enzymes because
(A) host cells rapidly destroy the viruses.
(B) host cells lack enzymes that can replicate the viral genome.
(C) these enzymes translate viral mRNA into proteins.
(D) these enzymes penetrate host cell membranes. have various ways of defending themselves
against phage