1
1
The structure of five organic compounds, A, B, C, D and E, are shown.
Answer the questions that follow.
Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.
A
B
C
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
O
C
H
O
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
C
H
D
H
C
H
E
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
O
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
O
C
O
H
(a) Give the letter of the compound that is propan−1−ol.
D
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) Give the letter of the compound that has the empirical formula CH2.
C
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(c) Give the letter of one compound that reacts with bromine in an addition reaction.
C
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(d) Give the letter of one compound that reacts with chlorine to form the compound shown.
H
H
Cl
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
B
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(e) Give the letters of two compounds that can react with each other to form an ester.
D
A
..................................................................
and .................................................................
E
[1]
2
(f)
Give the letter of the compound that is in the same homologous series as hex-1-ene.
C
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(g) Give the letter of one compound that is an acid.
A,E
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(h) Draw a structural isomer of compound D.
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
Propan-2-ol
[1]
[Total: 8]
2
There are three functional groups in compound A.
compound A
COOH CH2OH
C
C
H
H
(a) Name the homologous series of compounds that contains the following structures.
Alkenes
C=C ..................................................................................................................................
Alcohol
−OH .................................................................................................................................
Carboxylic acids
−COOH .............................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) What would you observe when compound A is added to:
It will be decolorise, it will become colorless
acqueous bromine ............................................................................................................
CO2 will be released
aqueous sodium carbonate? ............................................................................................
[2]
3
(c) Compound A can be used as a single monomer to produce two different polymers.
Draw one repeat unit of the addition polymer formed from compound A.
[2]
(d) What type of condensation polymer is formed from compound A?
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total: 8]
3
Methanol is a member of the homologous series of alcohols.
(a) State two general characteristics of a homologous series.
Homologous series have same general formula
1 ........................................................................................................................................
Chemical properties are same and gradual change in the physical properties.[2]
2 ........................................................................................................................................
(b) Draw the structures of two different alcohols, each containing three carbon atoms. Show all
of the atoms and all of the bonds.
Name these two alcohols.
Propan-1-ol, Propan-2-ol
name .......................................................
name ....................................................... [4]
(c) What term is used to describe compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structural formulae?
Isomers
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total: 7]
4
4
Alkanes and alkenes are two homologous series of hydrocarbons.
(a) What is meant by the term hydrocarbon?
Compounds of hydrogen and carbon
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) What is the general formula of the homologous series of:
CnH2n+2
alkanes..............................................................................................................................
CnH2n
alkenes? ...........................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Other than having a general formula, state two characteristics of a homologous series.
Chemical properties are same
1 ........................................................................................................................................
Gradual change in the physical properties
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) The structure of an alkene molecule with the molecular formula C4H8 is shown.
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
Draw the structure of a different alkene molecule with the molecular formula C4H8. Show all
of the atoms and all of the bonds.
But-2-ene
2 methyl propene
[1]
(e) What term describes molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural
formulae?
Isomers
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total: 7]
5
The diagram below shows a distillation column used to separate petroleum into different fractions.
5
(a) On the diagram above:
• put a letter X to show where the temperature in the column is lowest,
• put a letter F to show where the fraction containing the largest molecules is collected,
• put a letter M to show where petroleum enters the distillation column.
[3]
(b) The refinery gas fraction contains ethane.
Hydrogen is one of the products formed when ethane is cracked.
Complete the symbol equation for the cracking of ethane.
C2H6 → .................. + ..................
[2]
(c) State the conditions needed for cracking.
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 7]
6
This question is about elements.
aluminium
carbon
iron
hydrogen
oxygen
silicon
6
sodium
sulfur
Answer the following questions about these elements.
Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) Name the element that can be used as a fuel.
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) Name the element that forms an oxide with a similar structure to diamond.
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(c) Name the element that forms an amphoteric oxide.
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(d) Name the element that has oxidation states of +2 and +3.
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(e) Name the element extracted from bauxite.
...........................................................................................................................................
(f)
[1]
Name the element that has atoms with the electronic structure 2,6.
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total: 6]
7
Methanol reacts with propanoic acid to form an ester with a molecular formula C4H8O2.
(a) Name the ester formed when methanol reacts with propanoic acid.
Methyl Propanoate
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) Name one other substance formed when methanol reacts with propanoic acid.
H2O
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
7
(c) Draw the structure of an ester which is a structural isomer of the ester named in (a).
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[3]
(d) State the conditions needed to form an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total: 6]
8
Two hydrocarbons have the structures shown.
hydrocarbon A
hydrocarbon B
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
(a) Why are these two compounds hydrocarbons?
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Hydrocarbon B reacts in the same way as a typical alkane.
Describe a chemical test to tell the difference between hydrocarbon A and hydrocarbon B.
State the name of the reagent you would use and the result you would obtain with
hydrocarbon A and hydrocarbon B.
reagent .............................................................................................................................
result with hydrocarbon A..................................................................................................
result with hydrocarbon B..................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 5]
9
Alcohols react with carboxylic acids to produce esters.
8
(a) The structure of ester X is shown.
O
H
C
O
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
Name ester X.
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) Give the name of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol that react together to produce ester X.
carboxylic acid ..................................................................................................................
alcohol ..............................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Ester Y is different from ester X but also has the formula C3H6O2.
Draw the structure of ester Y. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[2]
[Total: 5]
10 Two different alcohols can be produced from alkene B by an addition reaction.
B
CH3
H
C
H
C
H
9
(a) Draw the structures of the two alcohols. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[2]
(b) State the reagent and conditions needed to produce an alcohol from alkene B.
reagent .............................................................................................................................
conditions .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 5]
11
All members of a homologous series can be represented by a general formula.
State the general formula of:
•
alkanes...............................................................................................................................
•
alcohols. .............................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 2]