Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of
plant and animal cells
Purpose of glycolysis is to break
glucose (a 6 carbon sugar) into 2
pyruvate molecules (a 3 carbon
molecule)
ATP is required in glycolysis and a
total of 2 ATP are converted into ADP
+ Pi
1.
Glucose
2.
2 ATP
**Note: No oxygen required = anaerobic!
1.
2 Pyruvate
2.
Net 2 ATP
3.
2 NADH
Glycolysis consists
of 10 steps, divided
into 2 phases:
Energy Investment,
and Energy payoff
Overall Net Equation:
The glucose is converted through a
series of steps to fructose-1,6bisphosphate
Bisphosphate ‘aka 2 phosphates’
means that 2 phosphate groups have
been added
Where do those phosphates come
from? ATP
Therefore, 2 ATP have been used up
(1 in step 1, and one in step 3)
Note: enzymes are responsible for
all these conversions!
 The fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is then
converted to 2 G3P molecules (steps 4 & 5)
 G3P = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
 2 electrons and 2 protons are removed from
the G3P atoms and picked up by a
coenzyme/electron carrier NAD+
 Since NAD+ is gaining 2 electrons it is
REDUCED (GER!) to NADH + H+ (a proton H+ is
left over in the cytosol). G3P is oxidized.
 Each G3P is finally converted to a molecule
of pyruvate, a reaction which requires the
use of 2 ATP but produces 4 ATP = net 2 ATP
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/00725
07470/student_view0/chapter25/animation_
_how_the_nad__works.html
Extra info on electron carriers:
http://educationportal.com/academy/lesson/redoxoxidation-reductoin-reactions-and-electroncarriers.html#lesson
 6 H have been removed (4 as H20, and 2 to
help reduce NAD+ to NADH + H+)
 No carbon or oxygen have been lost.