Aerodynamics
Lecture 01
Introduction
Applications
Practical Objectives
Aerodynamics
Syllabus & Grading
Policy
Introduction, Applications, Objectives, Syllabus & Grading
Policy
AE611 Aerodynamics
Manoj T. Nair
IIST
01.1
Agenda
Aerodynamics
Introduction
Applications
Practical Objectives
1
Introduction
2
Applications
3
Practical Objectives
4
Syllabus & Grading Policy
Syllabus & Grading
Policy
01.2
Aerodynamics
Definition: Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Introduction
Applications
Aerodynamics is a complex word originating from the
Greek words
air
power or force
Practical Objectives
Syllabus & Grading
Policy
Ludwig Prandtl: The term aerodynamics is generally
used for problems arising from flight and other topics
involving the flow of air.
Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting
motion of objects through the air.
01.3
Applications I
Aerodynamics
Introduction
1
Airplanes
2
Launch Vehicles
3
Automobiles
4
Ships!
5
Internal combustion engines
6
Gas turbine engines
7
Wind turbines (Windmill)
8
Weather prediction
9
Buildings
10
Bridges
11
Building heaters and air conditioning
12
Cooling systems for computers
13
Sports
Applications
Practical Objectives
Syllabus & Grading
Policy
01.4
History of Theoretical Aerodynamics I
1
2
Initially aerodynamics dealt with very low speeds
Therefore aerodynamics was founded theoretically on
hydrodynamics
3
L. Euler(1707-1783) derived the fundamental differential
equations for non-viscous fluids
4
D. Bernoulli(1700-1782) established relation between
pressure and speed in a flow in an incompressible fluid
5
Navier & Stokes (1822) derived the fundamental
differential equations for viscous fluids
Ludwig Prandtl
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Aerodynamics
Introduction
Applications
Practical Objectives
Syllabus & Grading
Policy
Boundary layer theory, 1904
Circulation theory of lift, 1905
Lifting line theory, 1905
Thin airfoil theory, 1906
Oblique shock and expansion wave, 1906
Compressibility effects, 1907
Supersonic nozzles and flow, 1907
01.5
Classification and Practical Objectives I
What is the distinction between solid, liquid and gases?
Aerodynamics
Introduction
Applications
Solids have a shape
Liquids and gases take the shape of the container in which
they are placed
Practical Objectives
Syllabus & Grading
Policy
Liquids fill the container up to a given volume
Gases completely fill the container
What happens when a tangential force is applied to a
solid, liquid of gas?
Solids will experience a finite deformation
Shear stress (Tangential force per unit area) will usually be
proportional to the amount of deformation
Liquids and gases will experience a continuously
increasing deformation
Shear stress will usually be proportional to the rate of
change of deformation
Liquids and Gases are called fluids
01.6
Classification and Practical Objectives II
Aerodynamics
Introduction
Applications
Gases have the largest intermolecular spacing and the
least intermolecular forces
Practical Objectives
Syllabus & Grading
Policy
Fluid dynamics can be subdivided into three areas
1
2
3
Hydrodynamics - flow of liquids
Gas dynamics - flow of gases
Aerodynamics - flow of air
Generally the word aerodynamics is used liberally, and is
used cover both aerodynamics and gas dynamics
Practical Objectives
Obtain forces and moments of the body
Obtain heat fluxes on the body
Details of the flow field
01.7
Syllabus I
Introduction to tensors
Kinematics - Governing equations Kelvin’s theorem Potential flow - Uniqueness and Kutta condition Foundations of panel methods
Airfoils - Thin Airfoil Theory: Forces and moments on
airfoil, flaps
Finite Wings: Prandtl lifting line theory, Induced drag,
Elliptic lift distribution - 3D panel methods
Viscous Incompressible Flows: Prandtl boundary layer
equation, Similarity solutions
Flow separation and stall
Introduction to turbulence - Turbulent boundary layer Viscous-inviscid coupling
High lift devices - Swept wing - Delta wing.
Review of Basic Fluid Dynamics
Aerodynamics
Introduction
Applications
Practical Objectives
Syllabus & Grading
Policy
Introduction to tensors
Fluid kinematics
Conservation Laws - Integral and Differential relations
Approximate solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations
01.8
Syllabus II
Aerodynamics
Introduction
Applications
Practical Objectives
Syllabus & Grading
Policy
Aerodynamics
Vorticity dynamics
Potential flow
Thin-airfoil theory
Prandtl lifting line theory
Viscous Flows
Axisymmetric flows and slender bodies
01.9
Aerodynamics
Grading Policy
Introduction
Mid-term exam
Assignment (class tests)
Final Exam
30
20
50
Applications
Practical Objectives
Syllabus & Grading
Policy
Text Books
1
John D. Anderson, Jr., Fundamentals of Aerodynamics.
2
Clancy, L.J., Aerodynamics.
3
Joseph Katz & Allen Plotkin, Low-Speed Aerodynamics.
4
Arnold M. Kuethe & Chuen-Yen Chow, Foundations of
Aerodynamics.
5
J.J. Bertin & R.M. Cummings, Aerodynamics for
Engineers.
6
E.L. Houghton & P.W. Carpenter, Aerodynamics for
Engineering Students.
7
N.F. Krasnov, Aerodynamics I & II
01.10
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