THE COMPUTER RESOURCES
Networking: Data
Communication
and Network
Infrastructure
Reported by: Kimberly A. Sarto
Objectives
• To define data communication and its
importance.
• To define the main components and benefits
of data communication.
• To explain the concept and features of
network infrastructure.
• To describe different types of networks and
their applications.
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What is data
communication?
Data Communication refers to the process of using
computing and communication technologies to
transfer data (the message) from a sender to a
receiver, or even back and forth between participating
parties.
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4 Benefits of Data Communication
• Instant communications
• Greater business efficiency
• Innovations in automation
• Smart monitoring systems
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Components of Data Communication
1 .COMMUN ICATION FUN CT IONA LITY
1.1. Simplex communication
transmissions of data goes only in one direction
1.2. Half-duplex communication
information can go both ways, but not at the
same time.
1.3. Full-duplex data communication models
1.4. Serial data communication
accommodate simultaneous two-way
communication of data.
Data is packaged into units and then
sent to the receiver by the sender.
Once it is received, the units are
reassembled to create the original
data.
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Components of Data Communication
2 . N ET WOR K MOD ELS
2.1. The Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model
was developed by the Open Systems Interconnection Subcommittee in 1984. The OSI model consists of
seven layers: the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation
layer, and application layer.
2.2. The Internet Model
is the network model that has arisen to be the dominant model for all current hardware and
software. Also referred to as the Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
model, it combines the top three OSI layers into a single layer, making it a five-layer model
consisting of a physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, and application
layer.
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Components of Data Communication
3 . STA ND A RD S OF COM M U N ICATI ON
Standards define a set of rules known as protocols, which ensure that the software used
in the different layers of the network models are compatible. Without standards, it would
be virtually impossible for computers to communicate with each other. With standards,
all hardware and software can communicate if they conform to the same specifications.
The Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is now the one uniting major
telecommunication standard organizations around the world.
•Japan’s ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses) and TTC
(Telecommunication Technology Committee),
•USA’s ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions),
•China’s CCSA (China Communications Standards Association),
•Europe’s ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute),
•India’s TSDSI (Telecommunications Standards Development Society,
India), and
•Korea’s TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association).
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What is Network Infrastructure?
Network infrastructure is the combination of hardware
and software components that make a modern computer
network possible.
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Features and components
of Network Infrastructure
1.NODES AND IP ADDRESSES
A node is a point on a network—connected to a device such as a computer,
printer or modem—that can receive, send, create or store data.
An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a number that’s been assigned to a node
that’s connected to a computer network.
2. ROUTERS AND SWITCHES
A router is a device that sends data packets
(small units of information that have been
formatted for transmission over a network)
between networks.
A switch is a device that connects network devices
and manages node-to-node communication across
a network, making sure that data packets reach
their intended destination.
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Features and components of
Network Infrastructure
3. WIRELESS ACCESS POINTS (WAP)
A wireless access point (WAP) is a component that enables devices such as smartphones and laptops that rely
on Wi-Fi connections to engage over a network.
4. SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING (SDN)
Software-defined networking (SDN) is a software-controlled approach to network
infrastructure, designed to utilize application programming interfaces (APIs) that are
central to many core business operations.
5. WIRED VS. WIRELESS NETWORKS
Wired networks – where data is transmitted between nodes,
switches and routers through cables – are critical to processing
workloads where high bandwidth, network connectivity and
security are paramount, such as large data transfers.
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Enterprise benefits of a
strong network infrastructure
Increased scalability
Improved resilience
Strong security
Strong return on investment (ROI)
Better user experience
Modern network infrastructure use cases
1.Personal area network (PANs)
connect devices that are only a few feet apart by using
infrared technology.
2. Local area networks (LANs)
are systems that connect computers and other kinds of
devices in a single location.
3. Wide area networks (WANs)
are large-scale computer networks, typically used by
enterprises that need to connect offices in different physical
locations.
4. Cloud networks
are virtual network infrastructure that
consists of servers, virtual machines
(VMs), applications and other systems.
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Thank You!
References:
University of San Diego. (2023, October 10). What Is Data Communication?
Components
&
Benefits.
University
of
San
Diego
Online
Degrees.
https://onlinedegrees.sandiego.edu/data-communication/
IBM.
(2024,
December
20).
Network
infrastructure.
https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/network-infrastructure
Ibm.com.
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