CA51013 IT APP NOTES
Module 1 Part 2: Introduction to AIS
THE COMPUTER SERVICES FUNCTION
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Distributed Data Processing
- reorganize CS function into small info
processing units
- each unit has functional process unit
- decentralized
 Centralized Data Processing
- all data processing is performed by 1 or more
large computers at a central site
- all processing is performed by 1 department
alone
e.g. database admin, systems maintenance
* most companies fall in between
* a combination of centralized and decentralized
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Only Computer Services handle the whole data
processing – Centralized
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Distributed/Decentralized – all departments,
marketing, admin, production, finance, have
their own Information Processing Unit (IPU)
Potential Advantages of DDP
 No need to buy more computers
 Reduction in redundancy
 Distributed cost control to each unit
 Closer – easily customize how they want to use
it
 Storage in computers, cloud
Potential Disadvantages
 Loss of control – magkanya kaya kasi own each
eh
 Incompatible OS – windows in some dept, mac
in others
 Redundant tasks kasi kanya kaya
 Difficulty attracting qualified personnel – aside
from own task, immanage mo pa yung
information system
 Lack of standards – Consistency among the
depts.
Role of Accountants in AIS
 Tell their needs to system professionals who
design the system
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Actively participate in the development
System Designers – responsible for conceptual
system, function, nature of info required
Act as a brain sa pagdevelop ng system since
taga gawa lang yung developers
System Auditors
o External Auditor
o IT Auditor
o Internal Auditor
Technology
- Techne – art and craft
- Advancement and changes around as
Computers
3 Classifications/Generations
 First Generation: Vacuum tubes
 Second Generation: Transistors, can store
memory
 Third Generation: Integrated circuits, smaller
and more reliable
Internet of Things
- Installed in devices
- Can transmit data to application
Capabilities:
- Speech Recognition - recognize
- Logical Reasoning – reason out choices for
u
- Creative Responses – give response
- Immersive Technology
e.g. Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa, VR Glasses
Technology in Our Daily Lives
 Personal
o Smartphones
o AI (Games and app)
o Digital Assistants
o Accessibility Options (Face ID, Speech
to text)
 Workplace
o Work from home
o Work remotely through Zoom, GMeet
o Freelancers
 Education
o LMS like Blackboard, Canvas
o eBooks
o SNS (FB, Twitter)
 Transportation
o GPS, Waze
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o Track parcels
o Driverless Cars (Tesla)
Health
o 3D printers
o High tech apparatuses
o MRI
o Mobile Health (Online checkups)
Manufacturing
o Robotics
o Computer-aided manufacturing
o High tech machines
Commerce
o B2B – BPOs
 Source from other companies
 Parang agency
o B2C – Online shopping
o C2C – FB Marketplace
* b – business
* c – customer
Environment
o Green Computing
o Recycling and refurbishing instead of
throwing straightly to garbage
o Old electronics to medals
o Energy star in appliances (less energy)
o Paperless bills
Computer Hardware
 Processing Device
o CPU
o Converts data into meaningful
information
 Storage Device
o Memory, for retention
o RAM/ROM
o Flash Drive, Cloud Storage
 Input Device
o Pen, Keyboard, Mouse, Scanners, Mic,
Touch pad
 Output Device
o Disseminate data to users
o Headphones, speakers, printers
Micro-computers
 Desktop
 All-in-one computer (built in the monitor
already) like imac
 Portable device like laptop
Computer Software
System Software
Designed to run a computer’s hardware and
application
Operating Software
o Communicates with hardware
o Allows program to run
o MAC OS, Windows
Language Processor
o Translates computer language and
relays to machine
o Processes program code to machine
code
o Java, Pascal
Utility Software
o Maintenance
o Maintain computer, support its
infrastructure
o Antivirus
o Built-in
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Application Software
 Device Management
o Other maintenance apps not built in
o Jamf Pro
 Productivity
o Microsoft Apps like MS Word, PPT,
Excel
 Communication
o Zoom, GMeet
 Personal Interest
o Gaming apps
o Spotify
Risk
- Possibility something might occur that results in
injury or loss
IEHAO PEMBS
 Information – prone to attackers
 Environment – toxic electronic components
 Health – eye strain, poor posture
 Attackers – Cyberterrorists
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Online risks – fake website, online banking
Environmental – e-waste (improper disposal)
Physical – repetitive strain injury (RSI)
Behavioral – tech addiction, sedentary lifestyle
Social Health – cyberbullying
Malicious threats – malware, trojan