Maintenance of Medical
Devices
By Ms. Fortunate Suluma
WHAT IS MEDICAL DEVICE?
• According to the WHO, a medical device is an article,
instrument, apparatus or machine that is used in the
prevention, diagnosis or treatment of illness or disease, or
for detecting, measuring, restoring, correcting or
modifying the structure or function of the body for some
health purpose.
• This definition excludes drugs and medicines.
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
• It is a device used for specific purposes of diagnosis
and treatment of diseases or rehabilitation following
disease or injury.
• Medical equipment are non disposable, and they are
reusable, and they are often larger and complex
• It can be used either alone or in combination with any
accessory, consumable or other piece of medical
equipment
• Medical equipment excludes implantable disposable or
single-use medical devices.
HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
What is hospital equipment?
• Hospital equipment is any equipment owned and used in the
hospital for the benefits of patients.
What is maintenance?
• Maintenance involves all actions performed for retaining an item
or a part or equipment in good condition….
PREVENTIVE MAINTAINANCE AND CORRECTIVE
Preventive Maintenance
• All actions carried out on a planned, periodic, and specific
schedule to keep an item or equipment in stated working
condition through the process of checking and reconditioning.
• These actions are precautionary steps undertaken to forestall or
lower the probability of failures or an unacceptable level of
degradation in later service, rather than correcting them after they
occur.
Corrective maintenance
is the unscheduled maintenance or repair to return items or
equipment to a defined state after it as failed or broken.
PREDICTIVE,MAITENANCE PLAN AND RELIABILITY
Predictive maintenance
• The use of modern measurement and signal-processing methods
to accurately diagnose item or equipment condition during
operation.
Maintenance plan
• A document that outlines the management and technical
procedure to be employed to maintain an item; usually describes
facilities, tools, schedules, and resources.
Reliability
The probability that an item will perform its function
satisfactorily for the desired period when used per the specified
conditions.
Maintainability
• The probability that a failed item will be restored to adequately
working condition.
Maintenance Management and Control
Maintenance management may be described as the function of
providing policy guidance for maintenance activities, in addition
to exercising technical and management control of maintenance
programs. Generally, as the size of the maintenance activity and
group increases, the need for better management and control
become essential
MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT FUCTION AND ORANISATION
• A maintenance department is expected to perform a wide range
of functions including:
1. Planning and repairing equipment/facilities to acceptable
standards.
2. Performing PPM i.e. developing and implementing a regularly
scheduled work program for the purpose of maintaining
satisfactory equipment/ or facility operation as well as preventing
major problems.
3. Preparing realistic budgets that detail maintenance personnel
and material needs.
4. Managing inventory to ensure that parts/materials necessary to
conduct maintenance tasks are readily available.
5. Keeping records on equipment, services, etc.
6. Developing effective approaches to monitor the activities of
maintenance staff.
7. Developing effective techniques for keeping operations
personnel, upper-level management, and other concerned groups
aware of maintenance activities.
8. Training maintenance staff and other concerned individuals to
improve their skills so that they perform effectively.
9. Reviewing plans for new facilities, installation of new
equipment, etc.
10. Implementing methods to improve workplace safety and
developing safety education-related programs for maintenance
staff.
11. Developing contract specifications and inspecting work
performed by contractors to ensure compliance with contractual
requirements.
CENTRALISED AND DECENTRISED MAINTENANCE
• One of the first considerations in planning a maintenance
organization is to decide whether it is advantageous to have a
centralized or decentralized maintenance function
• Centralized maintenance means all maintenance activities are
controlled and managed from single location and responsible
team
• Generally, centralized maintenance serves well in small-andmedium-sized enterprises housed in one structure, or service
buildings located in an immediate geographic area.
DECENTRISED MAITENANCE
Decentralized Maintenance
• In the case of decentralized maintenance, a maintenance group is
assigned to a particular area or unit.
Some important reasons for the decentralized maintenance are to
reduce travel time to and from maintenance jobs, a spirit of
cooperation between production and maintenance workers,
usually closer supervision, and higher chances for maintenance
personnel to become familiar with sophisticated equipment or
facilities.
BENEFITS OF CENTRISED MAITENANCE
1. More efficient compared to decentralized maintenance.
2. Fewer maintenance personnel required.
3. More effective line supervision.
4. Greater use of special equipment and specialized maintenance
persons.
5.Generally, allows more effective on-the-job training.
DRAWBACKS OF CENTRISED MAINTENANCE
1. Requires more time getting to and from the work area or job.
2. No one individual becomes totally familiar with complex hardware or
equipment.
3. More difficult supervision because of remoteness of maintenance site
from the centralized headquarters.
4. Higher transportation cost due to remote maintenance work
.In central hospitals it can be advantageous to have a combination of
centralized and decentralized maintenance. The main reason is that the
benefits of both systems can be achieved with essentially a low number of
drawbacks.
Nonetheless, no one maintenance organization is useful for all types of
enterprises.
MANAGEMENT AND PRINCIPALS
• Improving a maintenance management program is a continuous
process that requires progressive attitudes and active involvement.
A nine-step approach for managing a maintenance program effectively
is presented below:
• 1.Identify existing deficiencies
• This can be accomplished through interviews with maintenance
personnel
• and by examining in-house performance indicators.
2. Set maintenance goals
These goals take into consideration existing deficiencies and identify
targets for improvement.
3. Establish priorities
List maintenance projects in order of savings or merit.
4. Establish performance measurement parameters
Develop a quantifiable measurement for each set goal, for example,
number of jobs completed per week and percentage of cost on
repair.
5.Establish short- and long-term plans
The short-range plan focuses on high-priority goals, usually within a
oneyear period. The long-term plan is more strategic in nature and
identifies important goals to be reached within 3 to 5 years.
•
6. Document both long- and short-term plans and forward copies
to all concerned.
7. Implement plan
8. Report status
• Preparing a brief report periodically, (say monthly, or quarterly,
or semi-annually), and forward it to all involved individuals. The
report contains, for each objective identified in the short-term
plan, information on actual or potential slippage of the schedule
and associated causes.
9. Examine progress annually
Review progress at the end of each year with respect to stated
goals. Develop a new short-term plan for the following year by
considering the goals identified in the long-term plan and
adjustments made to the previous year’s planned schedule,
resources, costs, and so on.