Name: Karanam Guru Raj Karthik Roll No: 2025102038 Group No: 5 Table No: 21
Experiment 1: Familiarization with the Digital Test Kit and Testing the NOT
Gate
Objective:
The primary objective of this experiment was to become familiar with the Digital Test Kit and its
features. We also aimed to test and understand the functionality of a NOT gate using the 7404
hex inverter IC.
Components Used:
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Digital Test Kit
IC 7404 (Hex Inverter/NOT Gate)
Connecting Wires
Breadboard
Reference Circuit:
Procedure:
1. First, we explored the Digital Test Kit. We turned on the power supply and saw the power
indicator LED light up. We checked the input switches (S1-S12) and the corresponding
LED displays (OP1-OP12) to make sure they were working correctly.
2. Next, we took the 7404 IC and carefully placed it in the centre of the breadboard, making
sure it straddled the middle groove.
3. We connected the VCC pin (pin 14) of the IC to the 5V power supply on the test kit and
the GND pin (pin 7) to the ground (GND) on the kit.
4. We then connected one of the input switches from the test kit, let's say S1, to an input
pin of one of the NOT gates on the IC (e.g., pin 1).
5. The corresponding output pin of that gate (pin 2) was then connected to one of the LED
display inputs on the kit, like OP1.
6. With the circuit set up, we toggled the input switch S1 between the HIGH (1) and LOW
(0) states and watched the output LED to see how the NOT gate responded.
Observations:
We observed the behaviour of the NOT gate by looking at the LED display.
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When the input switch S1 was set to LOW (0), the corresponding output LED GL1
(Green) on the display panel lit up, indicating a HIGH (1) output.
When the input switch S1 was flipped to HIGH (1), the output LED RL1 (Red) lit up,
indicating a LOW (0) output.
This behaviour can be summarized in the following truth table:
Input (S1)
Output (OP1)
0
1
1
0
Output:
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Conclusion:
From this experiment, we successfully familiarized ourselves with the Digital Test Kit's basic
functions. We also verified the operation of a NOT gate using the 7404 IC. The results
confirmed that a NOT gate inverts the input signal.
Experiment 2: Blinking an LED with Arduino
Objective:
The objective of this experiment was to learn the basics of the Arduino platform by writing and
uploading a simple program to make an LED blink.
Components Used:
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Arduino UNO Board
Breadboard
1 x LED
1 x 220Ω Resistor
Connecting Wires
USB Cable
Procedure:
1. First, we set up the hardware. The LED was placed on the breadboard. The longer leg of
the LED (the anode) was connected to digital pin 13 on the Arduino through a 220Ω
resistor. The resistor is important to limit the current and protect the LED.
2. The shorter leg of the LED was connected directly to the GND pin on the Arduino.
3. We then connected the Arduino board to the computer using the USB cable.
We opened the Arduino IDE and typed in the following code to control the LED. The code tells
the Arduino to set pin 13 as an output and then repeatedly turn it on (HIGH) for one second and
off (LOW) for one second.
void setup() {
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
4. After selecting the correct board (Arduino Uno) and port from the "Tools" menu, we
uploaded the code to the Arduino board.
Observations:
Once the code was successfully uploaded, the LED connected to pin 13 began to blink. It would
turn on for one second, then turn off for one second, and this cycle repeated continuously. We
tried changing the values in the delay() function (e.g., to 500) and observed that the blinking
speed increased as expected.
Output:
Conclusion:
This experiment was a great introduction to the Arduino. We learned how to build a simple
circuit and control an output component (an LED) by writing and uploading code. We
successfully demonstrated how the pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and delay() functions
work together to create a timed output.