CXR Practice
Pleural Effusion
Sign: blunting of the costophrenic angle
Loculated Pleural Effusion
Pneumonia (Consolidation)
Consolidation + air bronchogram (darkening lines in the middle of the consolidation)
Sillhouette Sign (Sillhoueting of the right heart border)
Right middle lobe consolidation (pneumonia)
Below is right upper lobe consolidation
Below is Right Lower Lobe pneumonia
Left upper lobe pneumonia
Pumonary Edema
(bat-wing pattern)
Atelectasis
Total white-out + mediastinum shift towards the side of the atelectasis
Kerley B Lines (horizontal lines extending from periphery to the hilar)
Due to pulmonary edema, AKA CHF
CHF signs on X-Ray
- Pleural effusion
- Kerley B lines
- Pulmonary Edema
- Cardiomegaly
- Peribronchial cuffing
Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy
Dx = Sarcoidosis vs TB
Sarcoidosis = Hx of Erythema nodosum
TB = Hemoptysis, homeless, endemic region
Pneumothorax
One side is more dark (lucent = dark = air) than the other
- Reduced lung markings and rib markings
- Increased space between the ribs
- If there is mediastinal shift, then it’s tension pneumonthorax
Tension pneumothorax below
TB localizes to the apices/upper lobes due to higher oxygen pressure and delayed lymphatic
drainage allowing TB macrophages to proliferate
Abov = Cardiac tamponade/pericardial effusion (water bottle heart, cardiomegaly)