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PSY6010
Cyberpsychology
4000 words
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Table of Contents
Part 1: Newspaper Article ............................................................................................................... 4
Outline of the Article ...................................................................................................................... 4
Lead Sentence ................................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Research Background ................................................................................................................. 4
Summary of the Research Study ................................................................................................. 5
Research Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 5
Opening Quotation .......................................................................................................................... 6
Critical Reflection on Cyberpsychology Transformation ............................................................... 6
Key Outlines of the Article ............................................................................................................. 6
Ethical, Legal, and Cultural Concerns ............................................................................................ 7
Closing Quotation ........................................................................................................................... 7
Part 2: Research Proposal ............................................................................................................... 8
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Research Question .......................................................................................................................... 9
Significance of the Research ........................................................................................................... 9
Literature Review.......................................................................................................................... 10
Cyberpsychology Models and Theories........................................................................................ 11
Behavioral decision framework ................................................................................................ 11
Impression Management theory ................................................................................................ 12
Gap in the Literature ..................................................................................................................... 12
Hypothesis..................................................................................................................................... 12
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Key Terms identify from the Research ......................................................................................... 12
1. Cyberpsychology ............................................................................................................... 12
2. Online Impression Management ........................................................................................ 13
Research Methodology and Proposed Analysis ............................................................................ 13
Research Design........................................................................................................................ 13
Research Participants ................................................................................................................ 13
Research Procedure ................................................................................................................... 13
Research Materials .................................................................................................................... 14
Recruiting of Participants ......................................................................................................... 14
Research Approach ................................................................................................................... 14
Outline for Analyzing the Data ................................................................................................. 14
Results and Discussion ................................................................................................................. 14
Ethical Consideration .................................................................................................................... 16
References ..................................................................................................................................... 17
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Part 1: Newspaper Article
Outline of the Article
“Is more always better? How Re-recording possibilities, preparation time, influence anxiety,
fairness, performance in asynchronous video interviews, and impression management”.
Lead Sentence
The current research identified how differences within the plan of asynchronous video interviews
(AVIs) affect essential interviewee behaviors, nature, and consequences, involving recognized
anxiety, impression management, fairness, and the performance of the interview.
Introduction
Research Background
Job interviews serve a crucial role in selecting new employees for the corporation. It is one of the
leading and most widely used techniques for identifying various hiring actions (Basch et al., 2024).
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However, the way interviews are conducted has undergone a significant transformation, with
conventional in-person interviews being revived by technology-based formats
(Roulin &
Bourdage, 2023). Asynchronous Video Interviews (AVIs) have become the primary part of the
hiring process for many firms, particularly during the pandemic era (Suen & Hung, 2023). By the
end of 2020, only one Asynchronous Video Interviews provider, such as HireVue, declared that it
performs with nearly Fortune 100 firms and has offered approximately 15 million Asynchronous
Video Interviews (Kleinlogel et al., 2023). This is because AVIs can be cost-effective and faster
to apply than other interview techniques. According to the Harvard Business Review, out of 10,
nine workers currently utilize AI (Artificial Intelligence) within employment interviews (Basch &
Melchers, 2024). The rapid integration of AVIs, including artificial intelligence for employee
hiring, has been examined in academic investigations (Roulin et al., 2023).
Summary of the Research Study
Roulin et al. (2023) employed a two-experimental method to analyze the influence of two
significant and common design factors on these consequences: the ability to re-record feedback
and preparation time. Applying a sample of 175 respondents who participated in mock
Asynchronous Video Interviews, the research estimates that offering such alternatives, for
example, re-recording and preparation time didn’t directly affect the results. However, the level to
which respondents utilized these alternatives did impact the consequences. For example, those
who used more re-recording options performed better during the interview and presented less
misleading impression management. Additionally, those who opted for more preparation time
options acted better in the interview, while others emphasized impression management. These
research findings focus on the significance of highlighting the impacts of Asynchronous Video
interview design on candidate results and experiences.
Research Conclusion
The current research Roulin et al. (2023) is the first to directly explore the responsibility of two
main Asynchronous Video Interview design factors, acknowledging both job candidates and firms
regarding their potential disadvantages and advantages. The research has offered the essential
context regarding anxiety in Asynchronous Video Interviews. However, such research findings
adhered to past research demonstrating the high extent of computer anxiety for women and
younger clients. The findings of the study revealed that the connection between the performance
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of the interview and anxiety seems to be closely the same as in-person interviews and AVIs.
Certainly, AVIAVI design factors generate opportunities for candidates that do not generally exist
in synchronous interviews and can significantly alter interview procedures.
Opening Quotation
The current research aims to provide meaningful insights into the application of Asynchronous
Video Interviews (AVIs) and their impact on impression management, re-recording, anxiety,
fairness, and interview performance.
Critical Reflection on Cyberpsychology Transformation
Cyberpsychology offers a robust approach to combating overreaching hackers in cybersecurity.
Analyzing the psychology behind cyber threats can help prevent vicious actions more effectively.
Researches highlight that various attackers are cautious, favoring low-risk targets where progress
is more often (Davies et al., 2023). With this understanding, cybersecurity teams can plan defenses
that mitigate these liabilities, developing deviations and traps that secure critical sources and utilize
defenders' specialized time (cpatete, 2024). Over the past few years, the field of cyberpsychology
has undergone rapid development. Since both potential concerns and advantages are all over, the
different measures have gained focus (Elhai & Dmitri Rozgonjuk, (2020).
Furthermore, as technology continues to enhance the lives of people, the sector of cyberpsychology
interlinks with more conventional contexts of psychology, such as clinical, personality, and
developmental psychology (Nancholas, 2021). As cybersecurity is significantly based on machine
learning and artificial intelligence to automate response and problem identification, integrating
cyberpsychological frameworks into these structures can improve their performance (Davies et al.,
2023). This multifaceted strategy, a combination of cyber defense and cyberpsychology, highlights
a strong dependency on future competition in the face of cyber attacks (Basch & Melchers, 2024).
However, the psychological influence of linking with artificial intelligence, particularly in regards
to empathy, humanization of machines, and trust, is complex and needs further exploration and
advancement (cpatete, 2024).
Key Outlines of the Article
Roulin et al. (2023) have estimated that the investigation of technology within the organization
has observed several fundamental changes. Past research has primarily focused on contrasting non-
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technological and technological alternatives. The research findings highlight that open impression
management, but not impression management through deception, is crucial for achieving excellent
interview performance in Asynchronous Video Interviews, as well as encouraging insights from
past research on in-person interviews. The current research findings are grounded in previous
research. This discovery revealed technology anxiety among females and younger generations.
The data for the research was gathered in 2020 during the pandemic era, and that’s why further
investigation could be performed to examine the experiences of the candidates with Asynchronous
Video Interviews (AVIs).
Ethical, Legal, and Cultural Concerns
The world's growing technological projects and cultural aspects require a localized perspective on
the developing incorporation of Asynchronous Video Interviews (AVIs). The research highlights
the impact of economic and cultural elements on the implementation of AVIs. Notably, these
technology-based inventions pose various cultural challenges, including the erosion of traditional
approaches (Basch et al., 2024). The enhanced application of artificial intelligence in social media
platforms to influence and impact client behavior raises concerns regarding ethical dilemmas
(Arseneault & Roulin, 2024). The research has also directly contrasted Video Conference
Interviews and asynchronous video interviews, highlighting some reduced fairness perspectives in
AVIs (Roulin et al., 2023). The research findings evaluated that providing candidates more
preparation time to generate their responses and the opportunity to perform better in the interview
are integral in improving the fairness aspect of the candidate. Roulin et al. (2023) identified that
providing candidates additional preparation time doesn't directly influence the interviewee
experience. There is a risk of legal threats associated with Asynchronous Video Interviews (AVIs)
due to privacy concerns (Suen & Hung, 2023). The research findings suggest that it is essential to
provide privacy rights to each candidate involved in the Video conferencing interviews (Roulin et
al., 2023).
Closing Quotation
Regardless of the expansion of personalized Asynchronous Video Interviews between the
organization, they closely catered to the outcomes that AVI design might have on the main results
of the job interview. Researchers predict the need for more customized analysis of technologydriven designs in terms of their psychological aspects related to this significant technology.
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Part 2: Research Proposal
Introduction
Impression management is generally utilized in self-presentation, where an individual attempts to
influence their perceptions. The concept of impression management, initially applied to face-toface interactions, has since been adapted and developed for use in computer-based communication,
according to the research by Roulin et al. (2023), which identified that respondents who were asked
to visualize performing several types of interviews declared being less likely to apply impression
management in Asynchronous Video Interviews than in video conferencing. Current research has
shown that offering interviewees more preparation time is associated with more honest impression
management.
With new platforms like Twitter, people can develop their perspectives and intentions without
being inhibited by time. Understanding how impression management operates in the online
environment is crucial for scholars focused on the dynamics of contemporary interpersonal
relationships. People emerge in many aspects of self-presentation to discover themselves
preferably. Scholars who cater to self-representation have offered guidance on the occurrence and
application of several self-presentation approaches (Arseneault & Roulin, 2024). Self-presentation
tactics or strategies are interpreted as behaviors utilized to manage impressions to achieve
predictable short-term interpersonal purposes. Studies argue that an individual emerges in strategic
operations to develop and manage the required image, illustrating the connections to behave as an
operation representing the person's image. People spend majority of their time in linking with
others (Stuart, Scott et al., 2022). These connections organize the individual's perspectives, which
are then visualized in the way they represent themselves throughout the connection. Impression
management is a fundamental feature of social life. From self-centered to feedback offering, from
giving suggestions to networking, individuals often find themselves in situations where they desire
to make a positive impact on others (Ika Rahayu, et al., 2023). Regardless of the long-term
advantages of constructing a preferred impression, impression management attempts can fail in
unintentional ways. The organization employs impression management as a means of presenting
more inclusive strategies to influence people's opinions. The phrase "impression management" has
been generally applied to the management of corporations, individuals, and groups. Impression
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management, also known as self-presentation, refers to the mechanisms by which individuals
control how others recognize them (Popescu, 2019).
Regarding the connection between impression management effectiveness and self-presentation on
social media, people with more effective impression management might be bolder in using social
media for self-presentation (Ika Rahayu, et al., 2023). People believe their initiatives are
productive in impacting others, so they utilize social media more often. People may become more
effective at selecting and developing content that aligns with their brand, thereby enhancing their
social presence and reputation (Arseneault & Roulin, 2024). Additionally, various impression
management approaches are integrated, such as creating a positive online presence by showcasing
high-quality content. For instance, the interactive approach might be more confident and
conducive; people might acknowledge comments more often, participate in the discussion, and be
better equipped to handle online problems, and they are more adaptable to changes in digital
channels, although managing the efficiency of their self-presentation (Liu & Lei, 2025).
If a person needs confidence in their impression management capabilities, they may experience
social anxiety and be inclined to modify their self-presentation on social media to ignore adverse
outcomes (Stuart, Scott et al., 2022). Researching the online presentation of the people, additional
excellence can be collected, as confirmed by current "Cambridge Analytic Data." Impression
management can help an individual create a positive image, boost self-confidence, and establish a
personal brand (Choi, 2024). Furthermore, impression management enables individuals to become
effective leaders in the corporate world. Although impression management is based on other
people's perspectives, experiences, and backgrounds, it is entirely uncertain (Ika Rahayu, et al.,
2023).
Research Question
What role has been played by impression management in this digital world to serve as a significant
factor in analyzing an individual's behavior, together with the examination of the impact of online
impression management on individual mental health.
Significance of the Research
The word impression management was initially analyzed in 1959 (Choi, 2024). Studies highlighted
that impressions might be maintained in ways other than self-presentation (Arseneault & Roulin,
10
2024). For instance, the impression of the person might be handled by another party. However, the
procedure always consists of two parts: impression construction and impression motivation
(Sukmayadi & Yahya, 2019). It is assumed that all people online create another persona for the
world to ensure others recognize them. Wholly, current personas are represented to the public (Liu
& Lei, 2025). After the portrayal of oneself, both offline and online, is influenced by technology,
the most familiar aspects of oneself are being impacted substantially; hence, self-perspective also
transforms with an individual who creates an online status to inspire others (Stuart, Scott et al.,
2022).
There are psychosocial and social causes that an individual represents, involving different aspects
of themselves, such as self-promotion, self-preservation, and maintaining social connections (Liu
& Lei, 2025). The proposed research is significant in demonstrating the importance of impression
management in this digital world, as well as the effects of online impression management on
individual mental health. In the world of technology, various threats have also emerged, including
cyber threats and privacy concerns (Choi, 2024). Due to the presence of such conflicts in the
infinite digital world, individuals establish their online presence safely on social networking sites.
For example, nowadays, data breaches have become an essentially unavoidable feature of the
digital world for both corporations and individuals (Arseneault & Roulin, 2024). It is essential to
conduct such research studies that provide a comprehensive understanding to the people in
assessing the outcomes of technological aspects and their effects on their psychological health
(Sukmayadi & Yahya, 2019).
Literature Review
Impression management can contribute to essential psychological outcomes, which can
significantly lead to unethical behavior (Arseneault & Roulin, 2024). This mechanism has
currently enabled the researcher to conduct research on impression management within the digital
world. Because their issues cater to impression management, social media clients are more
concerned about their attitude once it becomes public. However, they maintain their impression of
how their nature and entire image appear to others (Ika Rahayu, et al., 2023). As a result,
impression management issues may become a source of tension, contributing to stress, such as
social anxiety, which can ultimately lead to unethical behavior.
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An efficient self-presentation is an exercise of representing in daily life. It covers self-presentation
in a more effective way to develop a distinctive impression on those individuals with whom one
connects professionally, both in virtual spaces and through personal connections (Stuart, Scott et
al., 2022). Effective impression management substitutes emotional intelligence, self-awareness,
adaptability, and professional networking with a person's capability to create self-presentation
approaches that differentiate them and appeal to current opportunities. Progress in selfpresentation depends on what an individual hears and sees from others (Sukmayadi & Yahya,
2019). The images have a comprehensive impact on the impressions of individual connections. In
line with the studies, individuals rapidly identify each other by relying on visual cues,
environmental elements, nonverbal acts, and verbal cues in small interactions. Personal identity is
more impacted by culture and stereotypes, which in turn influence credibility and trust. Learning
regarding the psychological measures that support the impressions (Liu & Lei, 2025). Selfconfidence and self-esteem are closely interlinked and fundamental to an effective selfpresentation. Emotional intelligence is based on life experiences and substantially influences how
an individual perceives, maintains, and understands emotion (Arseneault & Roulin, 2024).
Cyberpsychology Models and Theories
Behavioral decision framework
This is a psychological framework that encompasses individual judgment, attitude, and decisionmaking, which can be integrated into political science (Connolly, 2024). This model explains how
an individual forms decisions, combining economics and psychology to understand variations
from traditional decision-making theories. It estimates the influence of cognitive biases, social
impact on decisions, and emotions, demonstrating notions such as “bounded rationality.” By
learning the behavioral decision model, a person can gain an understanding of impression
management in the digital world (Hayes et al., 2024). Online interaction and behavior have become
significant for orations, as well as for day-to-day interactions or interviews. Despite this integral
responsibility, there is a shortage of holistic analysis of how an individual performs and maintains
impressions within virtual environments (Wilson et al., 2024). The model can help evaluate how
a person handles their behavior effectively on social networking sites without giving a bad
impression to others on the online platform (Lim et al., 2025).
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Impression Management theory
Impression management is the act of maintaining how another person perceives an individual's
social approach, which enables an individual to create a good impression on others, thereby
managing what others think of them (Lim et al., 2025). Impression management is a general
practice in the contemporary world. This model can be further supported by Goffman's analysis,
which suggests that in the world of technology, it is essential for individuals to control and direct
their online impressions (Doğanay, 2024).
Gap in the Literature
Impression management is a vast topic. Still, nonetheless, there is a need for more empirical
evidence and further research to evaluate the impact of online impression management in this
contemporary world. Studies have recognized impression management concepts, but few
researchers have explored online impression management. The research by Roulin et al. (2023)
provided a conceptual understanding of online mission management. However, this research
requires more factual evidence on this topic to explore online impression management outcomes
in the psychology domain.
Hypothesis
1. Role of impression management in the digital world.
2. The Impact of Impression Management on Individual behavior in the digital world.
3. Impact of Online impression management on individual mental health.
Key Terms identify from the Research
1. Cyberpsychology
Cyberpsychology is the study of psychological processes about aspects of technologically led
individual behavior. It is a psychology of cyberspace that focuses on the interaction between
personal and technological behavior (Kirwan et al., 2024). This cyberpsychology demonstrates
how an individual interacts with others in the digital world and the possible concerns that might
arise from it (Sardana et al., 2023). Scholars within cyberpsychology can identify questions such
as why an individual's behavior might vary online or why an individual utilizes social media as a
coping approach (Natekar & Das, 2024).
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2. Online Impression Management
Online impression management, or self-presentation, is defined as behaviors used to develop,
change, and manage others' impressions of oneself. Social sites like Facebook are indeed
interesting to scholars, as they are particularly committed to acknowledging and maintaining
impressions while also emerging in the building of behavior (Kirwan et al., 2024). Impression
management is a strategic approach to controlling behaviors to create a desirable impression on
specific individuals (Connolly, 2024).
Research Methodology and Proposed Analysis
Research Design
An essential element that should be considered in the research study is the appropriate system,
which should offer the scholar a clear concept about the selected topic by addressing the research
questions and highlighting the research objectives (Dehalwar & Sharma, 2023). The research
design in the study will be assessed as an entire research approach, which benefits the development
of a better concept regarding the strategy that will be examined to inform the research (Harkness,
2023). A quantitative research method will be employed to conduct the research, which benefits
from reviewing the outcomes of impression management on the virtual behavior of individuals.
Research Participants
The study proposes to select a questionnaire session revolving around the younger generation to
illustrate the impact that online impression management has on their psychological health and the
contribution that online impression management makes in helping them identify their behavior in
the digital world.
Research Procedure
Quantitative research is the process of gathering and analyzing statistical data. It can be applied to
search for averages and patterns, perform statistical assumptions, check casual relationships, and
simplify outcomes for large populations (Hazari, 2024). The hypothesis would be involved in the
quantitative research as a research procedure to statistically evaluate the influence of online
impression management in the psychology sector.
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Research Materials
Research materials in quantitative research involves questionnaires, which will be distributed
among young participants who are active users of social networking sites to discover their
perspectives regarding their online impression.
Recruiting of Participants
The probability sampling method will be best for quantitative research to check hypotheses and
construct inferences regarding the population. This is beneficial to proceed to construct a better
concept regarding the aspects of sources to gather data as this benefits the scholar in offering a
better idea regarding the elements of the relevant topic (Kumar & Praveenakumar, 2025).
Research Approach
The research will employ various technological approaches, including virtual reality, social media
forums, and artificial intelligence, to investigate how these technological advancements can create
value in the psychological context (Doğanay, 2024).
Outline for Analyzing the Data
It is beneficial to the scholar to select the data analysis technique that aligns with the research
methodology as this acts as an easy concept regarding the results (Kumar & Praveenakumar,
2025). The research findings should be reliable and ideal for any investigation structure, and an
appropriate data analysis technique is beneficial to understand better the elements gathered for the
research project (Harkness, 2023). Utilising spss, the study will explore the number of descriptive
statistics involving frequencies, calculation of central tendency, and variable arrangements.
Results and Discussion
Social media has changed the world, particularly for the younger generation, making it a
fundamental component of their daily lives. Mental health is a crucial concern in this world, with
enhancing events of psychological problems. Meanwhile, the internet plays a role in offering
mental health encouragement. Individuals participate by posting pictures to stay updated and
connected (Popescu, 2019). These social media forums have served a critical responsibility in
developing and managing the links. For instance, the majority of the population uses the Instagram
platform, which has transformed how people connect with others (Stuart, Scott et al., 2022).
Impression management needs a correct expression of experiences, passion, and capabilities. It is
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not all about fraud; regardless, it is an intentional link to a personal brand that highlights the
person's mindset and beliefs about professional objectives and personal purposes (Liu & Lei,
2025).
The research aims to shed meaningful light on online session management, demonstrating its role
in influencing individual behavior and whether it is related to adverse outcomes in psychological
health. The study will adequately discover and explain that online impression management can
influence individual behavior and manage their online status when interacting with others through
virtual means. Some researchers have highlighted the power of online impression management,
such as convenience (Tk & Moulya, 2023). However, several scholars have found adverse
outcomes of impression management through social media, including its impact on mental health
(Tsigeman et al., 2024).
Currently, the behavioral outcomes of impression management have highlighted the enhanced
concentration of scholars in several contexts. Researchers suggested that impression management
is a significant factor for those who actively participate in SNS (Social networking sites), as users
of these sites are positively influenced by the number of online friends they have (Hayes et al.,
2024). There is significantly less empirical research demonstrating that impression management is
adversely linked with life satisfaction. Some current studies have shed light on the connection
between impression management and mental health. Impression management within the digital
world can be both confronting and advantageous (Kelly, 2024). However, it offers people the
capability to represent themselves in a controlled and positive way, significantly fostering their
online credibility and clarity (Natekar & Das, 2024).
For some individuals, concern regarding the impression they left on others can be extensively
anxiety-provoking. This kind of anxiety can certainly become harsh throughout the job interviews
or searching for new employment opportunities (Wilson et al., 2024). The fear of adverse outcomes
can result in feelings of social anxiety, which can be disturbing at several times. Studies have
recognized that behaviors such as a deceptive nature can also adversely impact an individual's
professional performance (Tk & Moulya, 2023). One study has estimated that applying selfpromoting behaviors within contemporary business practices can erode self-control assets. When
this exists, it can contribute to destructive behavior (Tsigeman et al., 2024). Impression
management is a complex process that encompasses various aspects of an individual's personality,
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interpersonal relationships, and social behaviors (Lim et al., 2025). Generating a better impression
in this digital world is crucial for personal progress, but managing impressions that are incorrect
or challenging can contribute to conflicting situations (Hayes et al., 2024). In this technology
environment, growing a robust awareness of the criteria for people to act accordingly in certain
situations is mandatory to minimize the negative consequences of impression management (Hayes
et al., 2024).
Ethical Consideration
Ethical Considerations in the study include measures that acknowledge the research design and
techniques (Hazari, 2024). The researcher must adhere to a code of conduct during data gathering,
identifying participant behavior and understanding their perspectives regarding the research.
Insights such as data protection, research integrity, and informed consent are emerging ethical
concerns in cyberpsychology research (Natekar & Das, 2024). Ethical considerations in
quantitative research will follow informed consent, deception, safety from danger, and
confidentiality. Informed consent is a primary ethical consideration in any investigation involving
quantitative research (Dehalwar & Sharma, 2023). The ethical considerations considered in
completing the research study are beneficial in constituting a good research finding without
hindering the research project. This must accompany the appropriate ethical strategy to ensure
customised and constant research performance (Harkness, 2023).
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