LESSON 2: TỪ LOẠI
I)
Cách nhận biết từ loại:
1) Danh từ (Nouns):
Danh từ thường tận cùng bằng:
-ant => accountant, tenant
-er/ -or => teacher, provider, manager/ actor, director
-ee => employee, interviewee
-ism => socialism, enthusiasm
-ity => ability, responsibility
-ment => development, payment, advancement
-ness => sadness, happiness
-ship => friendship, relationship, scholarship, internship
-tion/ -ation => construction, information, competition, presentation
-ing (danh động từ, vai trò như 1 danh từ) => teaching, studying
2) Động từ (Verb):
Động từ thường tận cùng bằng:
-ate => celebrate, create, locate
-fy => identify, qualify
-ize/ -ise => organize, sympathize
-en => strengthen, lengthen, lesen
3) Tính từ (Adjective):
Tính từ thường tận cùng bằng:
-al => national, international, financial, normal
-ble => acceptable, impossible, notable
-ful => helpful, beautiful, useful, wonderful
-ic => specific, scientific, economic
-ish => childish, selfish, foolish
-ive => active, passive, attractive, expensive, effective
-less => homeless, childless, hopeless
-ly => timely, costly, friendly, yearly, daily, hourly, lovely
-ous => famous, serious, dangerous, delicious
-y => rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy
-ed => excited, interested, tired, surprised
-ing => interesting, exciting, moving = touching (cảm động),…
4) Trạng từ (Adverbs):
Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ
Ex: Beautiful => beautifully, useful => usefully, careful => carefully,….\
5) Giới từ (Prep):
- Giới từ chỉ thời gian: at, on, in, until,…
- Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn: in, on, at, under,…
- Giới từ chỉ phương hướng: over, through, into,…
- Giới từ chỉ mục đích: as, since, to,…
- Giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân: because of, owing to, due to,…
6) TRƯỜNG HỢP NGOẠI LỆ:
Một số từ tận cùng đuôi -al nhưng là danh từ:
- Appraisal: sự đánh giá
- Approval: sự chấp thuận
- Disposal: sự loại bỏ
- Periodical: tạp chí xuất bản định kỳ
- Proposal: sự đề xuất
- Removal: việc dọn dẹp
- Renewal: sự gia hạn, sự đổi mới
Một số từ tận cùng đuôi -ive nhưng là danh từ:
- Alternative: sự thay thế, sự lựa chọn
- Initiative: sáng kiến
- Objective: mục tiêu
- Representative: người đại diện
II)
VỊ TRÍ CỦA TỪ LOẠI TRONG CÂU:
1) Tính từ (ADJ):
a) Đứng sau “to be”
Ex: She is beautiful
b) Đứng trước (N), bổ nghĩa cho (N) đó
Ex: She is a beautiful girl
2) Trạng từ (ADV)
a) Đứng trước (Adj), bổ nghĩa cho (Adj) đó
Ex: She is very beautiful
b) Bổ nghĩa cho V thường:
Ex: I read this book carefully
c) (Adv) này bổ nghĩa cho 1 (Adv) khác
Ex: I read this book very carefully
d) Bổ nghĩa cho 1 mệnh đề (Clause)
Ex: Luckily, I passed the exam
e) Bổ nghĩa cho 1 con số định lượng
Ex: My house was built nearly 3 years ago
III)
CÁC NGUYÊN TẮC LÀM BÀI TỪ LOẠI:
1) Nguyên tắc 1:
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2) Nguyên tắc 2:
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3) Nguyên tắc 3:
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BÀI TẬP
I)
Chọn đáp án đúng
1. John cannot make a _______ to get married to Mary or stay single until
he can afford a house and a car.
a. decide
b. decision
c. decisive
d. Decisively
2. She often drives very ________ so she rarely causes accident .
a. carefully
b. careful
c. caring
d. careless
3. All Sue’s friends and __________ came to her party .
a. relations
b. Relatives
c. relationship
d. Related
4. My father studies about life and structure of plants and animals. He is a
……….
a. biology
b. biologist
c. biological
d. biologically
5. She takes the …….. for running the household.
a. responsibility
b. responsible
c. responsibly
d. responsiveness.
6. We are a very close-nit family and very ….. of one another.
a. supporting
b. supportive
c. support
d. supporter
7. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. responsible
b. responsibility
c. responsibly
d. irresponsible
8. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was
at high school.
a. biology
b. biological
c. biologist
d. biologically
9. Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they
are seldom in __.
a. agree
b. agreeable
c. agreement
d. agreeably
10. The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel.
a. confide
b. confident
c. confidently
d. Confidence
11. My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week.
a. marry
b. married
c. marriageable
d. marriage
12. London is home to people of many _______ cultures.
a. diverse
b. diversity
c. diversify
d. diversification
13. Some people are concerned with physical ______ when choosing a wife
or husband.
a. attractive
b. attraction
c.attractiveness
d.attractively
14. Mrs. Pike was so angry that she made a _______ gesture at the driver.
a. rude
b. rudeness
c. rudely
d. rudest
15. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.
a. polite
b. politely
c. politeness
d. impoliteness
16. He is unhappy because of his --------------.
a. deaf
b. deafen
c. deafness
d. Deafened
17. His country has -------------- climate.
a. continent
b. continental
c. continence
d. Continentally
18. She has a -------------- for pink.
a. prefer
b. preferential
c. preferentially
d. Preference
19. Computers are -------------- used in schools and universities.
a. widely
b. wide
c. widen
d. Width
20. I sometimes do not feel -------------- when I am at a party.
a. comfort
b. comfortable
c. comforted
d. comfortably
21. English is the language of --------------.
a. communicative
b. communication
c. communicate
d. communicatively
22. I have to do this job because I have no --------------.
a. choose
b. choice
c. choosing
d. chosen
23. English is used by pilots to ask for landing -------------- in Cairo.
a. instruct
b. instructors
c. instructions
d. Instructive
24. He did some odd jobs at home --------------.
a. disappointment
b. disappoint
c. disappointed
d. Disappointedly
25. Don’t be afraid. This snake is --------------.
a. harm
b. harmful
c. harmless
d. Unharmed
26. During his --------------, his family lived in the United State.
a. child
b. childhood
c. childish
d. Childlike
27. Jack London wrote several -------------- novels on adventure.
a. interest
b. interestedly
c. interesting
d. interested
28. He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any -------------- for it.
a. prepare
b. preparation
c. preparing
d. Prepared
29. The custom was said to be a matter of --------------.
a. convenient
b. convenience
c. conveniently
d. Convene
30. She is -------------- in her book.
a. absorbed
b. absorbent
II)
c. absorptive
d. Absorb
Điền từ thích hợp vào đoạn văn
[...] Elephants in the wild are known for their (1)_________ trunks that they use for various
tasks, including digging for water in dry riverbeds. Research has shown that
(2)_________average male elephants in the Serengeti region of Africa develop this skill at
a younger age compared to females.
The males often (3)_________by observing older members of their herd. Dr. Sarah E.
Johnson, a wildlife biologist, mentioned that it is (4) _________ to notice that, when a
young female and male are near a dry riverbed, she's practicing her digging technique,
while he's (5)_________playing in the sand. Dr. Johnson and her team are conducting a
study on elephants in a sanctuary with artificial riverbeds, using marbles instead of rocks.
Question 1:
Question 2:
Question 3:
Question 4:
Question 5:
A. strength
A. on
A. struggle
A. common
A. seriously
B. strong
B. in
B. adapt
B. commonly
B. serious
C. strongly
C. at
C. thrive
C. difficult
C. playful
D. strengthen
D. over
D. learn
D. difficultly
D. playfully
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