Chemistry
Assignment
Submitted By:
Name:Jeet John Koshy
Class:XII A
Roll No:04
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my wholehearted gratitude to Almighty God who gave
me the courage and confidence to do this work I express my
profound gratitude to the Principal, Dr. Bessy A Varkey, and
Management of The Baker Vidyapeedh Senior Secondary
School, Kottayam for providing all facilities for the completion
of this project. I am thankful to my Chemistry Teacher, Mrs.
Anila Thomas, for her ongoing support during the project, from
initial advice, guidance and encouragement, which led to the
final report of this Chemistry Project.
A special acknowledgement goes to the lab assistant who helped
me in the completion of the experimental aspects of this project.
I wish to thank my parents for their undivided support and
interest which inspired and encouraged me to complete this
project.
At the end, I want to thank my friends who displayed.
appreciation to my work and motivated me to continue my work.
Thank you!
INDEX
Introduction
Aim
Apparatus
Theory
Procedure
Observation
Conclusion
Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Sodium hydroxide is a strong base
used in industries such as soap
making, textiles, and chemical
manufacturing. It is produced on a
large scale using the electrolysis of
brine in processes like the
diaphragm, mercury, or membrane
cell methods.
AIM
To study the process of producing sodium
hydroxide through electrolysis of brine (sodium
chloride solution) and understand its industrial
applications and environmental impact.
APPARATUS
Sodium chloride (common salt)
Distilled water
Beaker (500 mL)
Electrodes (graphite or platinum)
Power supply (DC)
Measuring cylinder
pH paper or indicator solution
Gloves and goggles for safety
THEORY
Sodium hydroxide, or caustic soda, is a strong, highly
exothermic alkali that dissolves in water, dissociating into
sodium and hydroxide ions. It is hygroscopic in nature,
absorbing moisture and carbon dioxide to form sodium
carbonate. Solutions of NaOH must be prepared with caution
because of its corrosiveness and the heat generated during
dissolution.
PROCEDURE
1. Preparation of Brine Solution:
Dissolve 100 g of sodium chloride in 400 mL of distilled water in a
beaker to prepare a concentrated brine solution.
2. Setup for Electrolysis:
Insert two electrodes (graphite or platinum) into the brine solution.
Ensure the electrodes do not touch each other.
Connect the electrodes to a DC power supply, with the anode
connected to the positive terminal and the cathode to the negative
terminal.
3. Electrolysis Process:
Turn on the power supply and allow electrolysis to proceed for 10-15
minutes.
Observe the reactions at both electrodes:
At the anode: Chlorine gas is released (bubbles form).
At the cathode: Hydrogen gas is released (bubbles form).
Sodium ions (Na⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻) remain in the solution,
forming sodium hydroxide.
PROCEDURE
4. Testing the Solution:
Use pH paper or an indicator solution to test the solution for
alkalinity. A high pH (above 12) indicates the presence of sodium
hydroxide.
5. Collection of Products:
The sodium hydroxide solution can be concentrated by
evaporating water carefully.
OBSERVATIONS
Formation of bubbles at
both electrodes.
Chlorine gas has a
characteristic pungent smell.
The solution turns strongly
alkaline after the reaction.
CONCLUSION
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is one of the strongest alkaline
reagents in the laboratory and industries. It is highly applied in
the preparation of solutions, neutralization of acids, and
manufacturing various chemicals. Solutions containing NaOH are
also excellent in grease removal, cleaning, and pH regulation due
to their complete dissociation in water and releasing hydroxide
ions.
The usage of NaOH is extremely demanding in terms of safety
considerations since it is a strongly corrosive chemical,
producing chemical burns upon contact with skin. Safety is
provided and the risk from exothermic activity by appropriate
handling, in tightly sealed containers, and gradual dissolution in
water. Its numerous applications have provided it to be one
indispensable reagent in any chemistry laboratory or industry.
Bibliography