Immaculate Conception High School
Name: Kahla Daley
Teacher: Ms.Henry
Subject: Chemistry
Lab: Chemistry PD and Implementation
Draft # 1
Lab #8
Date: August 2, 2024
Title: Chemistry Implementation
Problem Statement: "Sarah states that all the black ink in all markers contain the same
components. Plan and design an experiment to test Sarah's statement."
Hypothesis: The black ink in all markers do contain the same components
Aim: To figure out if all black inks in all markers contain the same components
Apparatus and materials: 1 Black ink Crayola Marker, 1 Black ink Sharpie Marker ,1
Black ink Whiteboard Marker, Water/Alcohol mixture, 3 Filter paper strips, 3 100 ml
Beaker, Measuring Cylinder, 3 Watch glass, Pencil, Ruler, Masking Tape
Method/Procedures:
1.​ Gather all equipments
2.​ With the pencil and ruler, draw a 2 cm line on all three filter papers. These are the
baselines.
3.​ With the pencil, make a small dot in the center of each baselines. These are the
Points of Origin.
4.​ Use the crayola marker to make a dot on one filter paper Point of Origin, the
sharpie to make a dot on another and the whiteboard maker to make a dot on the
last one. When the spots are dry, repeat the process.
5.​ With the masking tape create the labels: Crayola, Sharpie and Whiteboard to be
placed on one of the three 100 ml beakers present
6.​ Place a label on each beaker.
7.​ Use the measuring cylinder pour 14 ml of the Water/Alcohol mixture (50/50) into
each 100 ml beaker.
8.​ Place each filter paper vertically into their respective beakers with the upper edge
folded over the lip of the beaker then cover each with a watch glass.
9.​ Allow for the components to separate and rise.
10.​After the components have stopped raising, remove from the beaker and observe.
Variables:
Controlled: The water/alcohol mixture
Manipulated: The different marker brands used
Responding: The component of each maker tested
Data to be collected:
( Filter papers will be placed here)
Expected results:
The components of each black ink maker will be the same
Interpretation of Results:
Regardless of the brand, a lot of black inks may use similar or identical pigments or dyes
to create their black color. This is due to common manufacturing/ industry standards
when it comes to making products and ink as well as industries having the same
manufacturer or supplier leading to many similarities in the components used in the ink
making process.
Precautions:
➔​ Make sure all the beakers were covered
➔​ Make sure the filter papers were placed vertically to ensure proper movement of
components.
Sources of error:
➔​ High levels of humidity can cause the filter papers to become soaked and it will
affect the movement of the components.
➔​ Improperly covering the beakers can lead to the solvent evaporating and slowing
the speed/development of the chromatogram.
Assumptions:
➔​ All the components from the different makers will be the same
➔​ There were no errors during the experiment
Limitations:
➔​ Not enough ink samples for accurate reading
➔​ The process is slow, as it takes time for the solvent to travel up the paper and for
the separation to occur.
Draft # 2
Lab #8
Date: August 2, 2024
Title: Chemistry Implementation
Problem Statement: "Sarah states that all the black ink in all markers contain the same
components. Plan and design an experiment to test Sarah's statement."
Hypothesis: The black ink in all markers do contain the same components
Aim: To determine if all black inks in all markers contain the same components by using
paper chromatography
Apparatus and materials: 1 Black ink Bazic Marker, 1 Black ink Sharpie Marker,
Water/Alcohol mixture, 2 Filter paper strips, 2 100 ml Beaker, Measuring Cylinder, 2
Watch glass, Pencil, Ruler, Masking Tape
Method/Procedures:
1.​ Gather all equipments
2.​ With the pencil and ruler, draw a 2 cm line on both filter papers. These are the
baselines.
3.​ With the pencil, make a small dot in the center of each baselines. These are the
Points of Origin.
4.​ Use the bazic marker to make a dot on one filter paper Point of Origin and the
sharpie to make a dot on another. When the spots are dry, repeat the process.
5.​ With the masking tape create the labels: Bazic and Sharpie to be placed on one of
the two 100 ml beakers present.
6.​ Place a label on each beaker.
7.​ Use the measuring cylinder pour 14 ml of the Water/Alcohol mixture (50/50) into
each 100 ml beaker.
8.​ Place each filter paper vertically into their respective beakers with the upper edge
folded over the lip of the beaker then cover each with a watch glass.
9.​ Allow for the components to separate and rise.
10.​After the components have stopped raising, remove from the beaker and observe.
Variables:
Controlled: The water/alcohol mixture and Temperature of Environment
Manipulated: The different marker brands used
Responding: The component of each maker tested
Data to be collected:
( Filter papers will be placed here)
Expected results:
The components of each black ink maker will be the same. Regardless of the brand, a lot
of black inks use similar or identical pigments or dyes to create their black color
Interpretation of Results:
Due to common manufacturing/ industry standards when it comes to making products
such as: ink, many brands use the same pigments or dyes to create their black color. This
will result in all black markers having the same components when they separate into
their different colours. This can be shown/proven by using an experiment known as
paper chromatography. Chromatography is a separation technique used to distinguish
between the different pigments/components that makes up a colour. The filter paper
after the experiment will be placed in the lab book as proof that the components are the
same.
Precautions:
➔​ Make sure all the beakers were covered
➔​ Make sure the filter papers were placed vertically to ensure proper movement of
components.
Sources of error:
➔​ Inconsistent measurements can lead to inaccurate Rf values.
➔​ Touching the paper can leave oils or dirt, affecting the separation process.
Assumptions:
➔​ All the components from the different makers will be the same
➔​ The components are soluble in the solvent
Limitations:
➔​ Not enough ink samples for accurate reading
➔​ The process is slow, as it takes time for the solvent to travel up the paper and for
the separation to occur.
Part B- The Implementation
Introduction:
Paper chromatography is a separating technique used to separate or filter out the
different dyes or mixtures into their individual components. It works based on the
principle of differential absorption and solubility of the components in a mixture. In this
experiment paper chromatography will be used to determine if all black ink markers
contain the same components.
Methods:
1.​ Gather all equipments
2.​ With the pencil and ruler, draw a 2 cm line on both filter papers. These are the
baselines.
3.​ With the pencil, make a small dot in the center of each baselines. These are the
Points of Origin.
4.​ Use the bazic marker to make a dot on one filter paper Point of Origin and the
sharpie to make a dot on another. When the spots are dry, repeat the process.
5.​ With the masking tape create the labels: Bazic and Sharpie to be placed on one of
the two 100 ml beakers present.
6.​ Place a label on each beaker.
7.​ Use the measuring cylinder pour 14 ml of the Water/Alcohol mixture (50/50) into
each 100 ml beaker.
8.​ Place each filter paper vertically into their respective beakers with the upper edge
folded over the lip of the beaker then cover each with a watch glass.
9.​ Allow for the components to separate and rise.
10.​After the components have stopped raising, remove from the beaker and observe.
Results:
(Filter Papers)
Discussion:
From the experiment it was determined that not all the black ink in all markers contain
the same components. In the experiment, two different brands of black ink markers
were tested for their components using paper chromatography. The component of the
black ink Bazic marker was determined to be: red, blue and green and the components of
the black ink sharpie marker was: black and grey. This therefore indicates that the
components of blank ink markers vary depending on the brand.
Limitations:
●​ Not enough ink samples for accurate reading
●​ The process is slow, as it takes time for the solvent to travel up the paper and for
the separation to occur.
Conclusion:
The components of all black ink in all markers are not the same because different
brands use different mixtures of colours.
Reflection:
From this experiment I have learned that different brands of black ink markers contain
different components, this may be due to: the cost of the ingredients, formula differences
when creating the ink and brand reputation and innovation as well as drying
mechanism and pH level of the dyes/pigments used.This experiment was carried out as
designed in the plan.