A.) Analyze and summarize chapter by chapter or article by article the Law or Republic
Act that regulates the practice of engineering profession.
ARTICLE I – TITLE OF THE ACT AND DEFINITION OF TERMS
Section 1 – “Title of the Act”
States that the official title of this law is the "Civil Engineering Law." This establishes the legal
framework for regulating the civil engineering profession in the Philippines.
Section 2 – “Definition of Terms”
Defines civil engineering as a profession that includes consulting, design, development of plans and
specifications, estimates, erection, installation, and supervision of the building of various infrastructures.
These include roads, bridges, highways, railroads, airports, ports, canals, lighthouses, flood control
systems, drainage, and water supply projects. The law also states that the list is not comprehensive,
suggesting that it applies to any activity requiring civil engineering knowledge. In addition, a "civil
engineer" is defined as a person who has registered with the Board of Civil Engineers in accordance with
the terms of this Act.
ARTICLE II – BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS
Section 3 – “Composition of the Board”
Established the Board of Civil Engineering, which consists of a chairperson and two members. These
members are appointed by the President of the Philippines on the proposal of the Professional Regulation
Commission (PRC). Each member serves for three years, with initial appointees serving staggered terms
to guarantee continuity. Following a thorough investigation, the President may dismiss a Board member
for neglect of duty, incompetence, malpractice, or unethical conduct. In the event of a vacancy, an
appointee will only serve the remaining term of their predecessor.
Section 4 – “Powers and Duties of the Board”
Defines the Board's powers and functions. The Board administers licensure examinations, issues and
revokes registration certificates, and recognizes civil engineers who have made important contributions to
research or specialized training. It also has the jurisdiction to investigate legal infractions, issue subpoenas
to get testimony, examine civil engineering schools and infrastructure projects, and establish ethical and
technological standards for the profession. Furthermore, the Board works with government organizations,
such as the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), to enforce the law.
Section 5 – “Qualifications of Board Members”
Outlines the qualifications for Board membership. A member must be a Filipino citizen, at least 30 years
old, a registered civil engineer with at least 10 years of professional experience, and a graduate of a
reputable civil engineering program. The law also prevents Board members from serving as faculty
members or having financial interests in schools that teach civil engineering.
Section 6 – “Fees and Compensation”
Addresses board fees and compensation. The Board for Civil Engineers will charge P100 (one hundred)
to the collecting and disbursing officer of the PRC for each examination application and 50 pesos for each
registration certificate. All members of the
The Board will be paid fifteen pesos for each applicant examined. A civil engineer appointed to the Board
from the Government of the Republic of the Philippines will receive pay in addition to their current
salary. The collecting and disbursing officer of the PRC will pay any authorized Board costs, including
remuneration, from any appropriation made for this purpose. (See RA 6511 and PD 223.)
Section 7 – “Annual Report”
States that at the end of each fiscal year, the Board is required to provide a full report to the PRC on its
actions and proceedings.
ARTICLE III – EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION
Section 8 – Examination Requirement
mandates that all applicants must pass a technical examination to practice civil engineering legally.
Section 9 – Holding of Examination
States that the civil engineering licensure exam is conducted annually in Manila, unless rescheduled due
to official holidays.
Section 10 – Subjects of Examination
Applicants for a civil engineer certificate of registration need to pass exams covering a wide range of
subjects. These subjects include mathematics (such as algebra, trigonometry, geometry, calculus, and
mechanics), hydraulics, various types of surveying (like highway, railroad, topographic, hydrographic,
and advanced surveying), and the design and construction of various structures (including highways,
railroads, buildings, bridges, ports, water systems, etc.). These exams are administered at the discretion of
the Board.
Section 11 – Executive Officer of the Board
The Commissioner of the Professional Regulation Commission acts as the executive officer of the Board
and is responsible for conducting examinations. He appoints a subordinate officer to serve as the
Secretary and custodian of all records, including examination papers and Board deliberation minutes.
Section 12 – Qualifications for Examination
sets the qualifications for examination applicants. An applicant must be at least 21 years old, a Filipino
citizen, of good moral character, and a graduate of a government-recognized civil engineering school.
Section 13 – Oath of Civil Engineers
requires successful examinees to take a professional oath before practicing as civil engineers.
Section 14 – Seal and Use of Seal
Mandates that every registered civil engineer must obtain an official seal, which must be affixed to
engineering plans and specifications. It is unlawful to use the seal if the engineer's license has expired or
been revoked.
Section 15 – Exemptions from Registration
In the Philippines, Section 15 lists the situations in which you do not need to be registered as a civil
engineer. It does not apply to officers and enlisted members of the US and Philippine Armed Forces, as
well as U.S. government civilian workers stationed in the Philippines who do civil engineering work for
either country. Also, civil engineers and other experts hired by the Philippine Government to help with
the planning, design, or building of fixed structures are not required to pay taxes as long as their work is
limited to those projects. Filipinos can make plans and specifications for some structures without the help
of a registered civil engineer. These include buildings in chartered cities or towns that follow local
building rules, wooden farm structures that don't cost more than ₱10,000, and personal homes made of
wood or light materials, as long as local rules are followed.
Draftsmen, student clerks-of-work, superintendents, and other civil engineering workers are not
prohibited by the Act from working under the guidance of a registered professional. It also lets people
who were legally working as "maestro de obras" before the Act was approved to keep doing what they
were doing. However, they are not allowed to make plans or oversee the construction of concrete
buildings, buildings with structural steel frames, or buildings for public gatherings like stadiums, theaters,
churches, or arenas. Last but not least, the Act does not stop professional builders and engineers from
doing their jobs.
Section 16 – Refusal to Issue Certificate
Says that the Board for Civil Engineers won't give a certificate to anyone who has been found guilty of a
crime involving moral turpitude by a court with the right to do so. The Board will also not certify people
who have been found to have acted in an evil or dishonorable way or who are not mentally stable. If a
certificate is turned down, the Board has to give the applicant a written statement explaining why the
choice was made. This statement has to be kept in the Board's official records.
Section 17 – Suspension and Revocation of Certificates
Authorizes the Board to suspend or revoke a civil engineer's license for violations of the law or unethical
practices after proper notice and hearings.
Section 18 – Re-issue and Replacement of Certificates
Talks about re-issuing and replacing certificates. It says that the Board can consider an application for a
new certificate of registration from the registrant after one year has passed since the certificate of
registration was revoked and for any reason it thinks is acceptable. These applications must be filled out
in the same way as those for exams, but the Board may choose not to require a test for the candidate.
Section 19 – Transitory Provisions
Says that after the Act goes into force, anyone who wants to work as a civil engineer must get a certificate
of registration. People who are already licensed as civil engineers under Act No. 2985, as modified, will
be automatically registered under this law's rules when it goes into effect. Even though this law has
changed, their old registration certificates will still be legal and have the same power as new ones.
Additionally, civil engineering graduates from schools recognized by the government who have passed
the senior civil engineers civil service exam and have worked for the government for at least five years do
not have to take the licensing test.
ARTICLE IV – ENFORCEMENT OF ACT AND PENAL PROVISIONS
Section 20 - Enforcement of the Act by officers of the law
Says that all properly appointed police officers at the national, provincial, city, and municipal levels, as
well as those in any government subdivisions, must follow the rules of this Act. They must also bring
criminal charges against anyone who breaks its rules.
Section 21 – Registration Required
Specifies that, unless exempted, no person may practice or offer civil engineering services in the
Philippines without first obtaining a certificate of registration from the Board of Civil Engineers.
Section 22 – Penal Provisions
Provides penalties for illegal practice. Violators may face a fine between ₱500 and ₱2,000, imprisonment
of six months to one year, or both, at the court’s discretion.
ARTICLE V – MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 23 – Preparation of Plans and Supervision of Construction
Makes it unlawful for any person to construct or alter engineering structures without designs, plans, and
supervision by a registered civil engineer.
Section 24 – Professional Service and Partnerships
Emphasizes that civil engineering is a personal professional service, meaning corporations cannot be
licensed as engineers. However, firms consisting of licensed engineers and architects can form
partnerships. Each member remains personally responsible for their work.
Section 25 – Reciprocity Requirements
States that foreigners can take the civil engineering exam only if their country grants Filipinos the same
privilege, ensuring reciprocity in licensing.
Section 26 – Roster of Civil Engineers
Requires the PRC to maintain and publish a roster of registered civil engineers, making it accessible to
government agencies and the public.
Section 27 – Repealing Clause
Any laws, orders, ordinances, or regulations that go against the terms of this Act are null and void,
according to Section 27 (Repeal). This includes parts of Act No. 2985, as modified, that have to do with
civil engineering work. The removal does not, however, affect the parts of Act No. 3159 that changed Act
No. 2985 about the job of "maestro de obras."
Section 28 – Construction of the Act
clarifies that if any part of this Act is declared unconstitutional, the remaining provisions remain valid.
Section 29 – Effectivity
States that the law took effect upon approval on June 17, 1950, and was amended by R.A. 1582 on June
16, 1956.
B.) Analyze and summarize chapter by chapter or article by article Republic Act 9184 –
New government Procurement Act.
Introduction
Republic Act No. 9184, also known as the Government Procurement Reform Act (GPRA), was enacted in
2003 to establish a standardized, transparent, and accountable system for the procurement of goods,
infrastructure projects, and consulting services by all government agencies in the Philippines.
Prior to its enactment, procurement in the public sector was marred by inefficiency, corruption, and lack
of transparency, resulting in substandard projects, ghost deliveries, and excessive government spending.
This law aims to address these issues by enforcing competitive bidding, electronic procurement, and
stricter penalties for violations.
This enhanced document includes real-world case studies to illustrate the importance of RA 9184 in
action.
Chapter 1: General Provisions
Summary:
•Establishes the principles of transparency, competitiveness, efficiency, accountability, and equity in
procurement.
•Defines key terms such as goods, infrastructure projects, consulting services, and eligibility
requirements.
Case Study: Ghost Deliveries in the Department of Education (DepEd)
In 2018, the Commission on Audit (COA) discovered that DepEd procured ₱25 million worth of
textbooks that were never delivered to public schools.
•The transaction lacked transparency, and payments were made without verifying deliveries.
•If RA 9184’s transparency and accountability provisions were strictly followed, this fraudulent activity
could have been prevented.
Chapter 2: Procurement Planning
Summary:
•Requires all procurement activities to be planned and budgeted through an Annual Procurement Plan
(APP).
•Prevents unnecessary and unbudgeted procurement.
Case Study: Overpriced Barangay Projects
In 2021, a barangay in Cebu was flagged for acquiring overpriced medical supplies that were not part of
its procurement plan.
•The local government did not follow its APP, leading to wasteful spending.
•Had officials adhered to RA 9184’s procurement planning, they would have ensured value for money
and prevented misuse of public funds.
Chapter 3: Procurement by Electronic Means
Summary:
•Introduces PhilGEPS (Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System) for online procurement.
•Mandates all government agencies to publish bid notices, invitations, and awards online.
Case Study: Corrupt Procurement Officers Manipulating Bidding Results
In 2019, a government agency secretly awarded contracts to a preferred supplier without public posting
on PhilGEPS.
•RA 9184 requires mandatory online posting to prevent insider deals.
•If the procurement process had been fully electronic, it would have been harder for corrupt officials to
manipulate results.
Chapter 4: Competitive Bidding
Summary:
•Establishes public bidding as the standard procurement method.
•Requires a structured five-stage process:
1. Advertisement of bid
2. Pre-bid conference
3. Bid submission and opening
4. Evaluation and post-qualification
5. Awarding of contract
Case Study: MRT Maintenance Contract Scandal
In 2015, the Department of Transportation (DOTr) awarded an MRT maintenance contract to an
unqualified company without following RA 9184’s bidding process.
•The company lacked experience and failed to maintain the trains properly.
•The failure to conduct competitive bidding resulted in MRT breakdowns, endangering passengers and
wasting public funds.
Chapter 5: Alternative Methods of Procurement
Summary:
Allows non-bidding procurement methods only in specific situations:
•Limited Source bidding (for exclusive suppliers)
•Direct Contracting (for proprietary items)
•Negotiated Procurement (for emergencies)
Case Study: COVID-19 Emergency Procurement
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government used Negotiated Procurement to buy PPEs and medical
supplies quickly.
•RA 9184 allows flexibility during emergencies, but in some cases, officials took advantage of it.
•The Pharmally scandal revealed that the government awarded billions in contracts to an unqualified
supplier due to lack of proper vetting.
Chapter 6: Bid Evaluation and Awarding of Contracts
Summary:
•Requires awarding contracts based on Lowest Calculated and Responsive Bid (LCRB).
•Mandates a post-qualification process to check bidder eligibility.
Case Study: The Overpriced SEA Games Cauldron
In 2019, the government spent ₱55 million on a single cauldron for the Southeast Asian (SEA) Games.
•Critics argued that RA 9184’s cost evaluation process should have ensured better pricing.
•Had procurement officers strictly assessed bidders’ pricing, this controversial spending might have been
prevented.
Chapter 7: Contract Implementation
Summary:
•Ensures delivery, inspection, and payment processes are followed.
•Imposes penalties for delayed, incomplete, or substandard deliveries.
Case Study: Delayed School Building Projects
In 2021, COA flagged 150 unfinished school buildings despite full payment.
•Some contractors abandoned projects after receiving funds.
•RA 9184’s contract monitoring requirements should have been enforced to ensure timely completion.
Chapter 8: Government Procurement Policy Board (GPPB)
Summary:
•The GPPB supervises procurement policies and reforms.
•It provides guidelines and interventions to improve procurement efficiency.
Case Study: Strengthening Procurement Rules after Corruption Scandals
After the PhilHealth fund misuse scandal, the GPPB introduced stricter guidelines to prevent fraud in
government healthcare procurement.
Chapter 9: Penal and Civil Liabilities
Summary:
•Establishes criminal penalties for corruption, collusion, bribery, and fraud in procurement.
•Includes blacklisting of fraudulent suppliers.
Case Study: The PDAF (Pork Barrel) Scam
In 2013, the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) scam exposed billions in government funds
funneled to fake NGOs.
•RA 9184’s stricter penalties and transparency rules could have prevented such fraudulent transactions.
Chapter 10: Final Provisions
•Outlines transition measures, amendments, and full implementation guidelines.
•Ensures continuous improvement of procurement laws.
RA 9184 revolutionized public procurement in the Philippines by ensuring efficiency, transparency, and
accountability. However, despite its strong legal framework, corruption scandals and procurement
anomalies still occur due to weak enforcement.
Key Takeaways:
1. Digitalization (PhilGEPS) reduces corruption – but loopholes still exist.
2. Competitive bidding ensures fair pricing and quality – but must be strictly followed.
3. Alternative procurement is useful during emergencies – but must not be abused.
4. Strict monitoring of contract implementation is essential – to avoid ghost projects.
By enforcing RA 9184 more effectively, the government can prevent procurement fraud, save public
funds, and ensure better services for Filipinos.
Recommendations and Strategic Improvements to Strengthen Government Procurement in the Philippines
1. Enhancing Digitalization and Transparency
Current Issue:
Despite the Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System (PhilGEPS), manual interventions,
limited accessibility, and lack of enforcement still allow procurement anomalies.
Recommendations:
✅ Mandatory E-Procurement for All Transactions – Require all procurement processes to be conducted
via PhilGEPS, including electronic bid submission and payment tracking.
✅ Real-Time Public Access to Procurement Data – Implement a blockchain-based tracking system where
citizens, media, and COA can monitor contract status, payments, and project progress in real time.
✅ Artificial Intelligence (AI) Fraud Detection – Use AI to detect bidding irregularities such as bidrigging, repeated winners, or price manipulations.
Example: Estonia’s E-Procurement System reduced procurement fraud by 30% by automating bidding
and payments, ensuring full transparency.
2. Strengthening Public Bidding and Supplier Vetting
Current Issue:
Many low-quality or unqualified suppliers win contracts due to weaknesses in the Lowest Calculated and
Responsive Bid (LCRB) process.
Recommendations:
✅ Require Third-Party Quality Certification – Ensure suppliers undergo independent verification and
accreditation to prevent substandard service delivery.
✅ Implement Performance-Based Contracts – Include clear penalties for delays and poor quality while
offering incentives for early completion and outstanding performance.
✅ Blacklist Non-Compliant Contractors in Real-Time – Create an automated blacklist database for
suppliers with repeated violations, accessible across all agencies.
Example: The World Bank’s Supplier Integrity Database helps governments screen contractors with fraud
records globally.
3. Improving Accountability and Penalties for Violations
Current Issue:
Corrupt officials and suppliers often avoid prosecution due to weak enforcement and political protection.
Recommendations:
✅ Strengthen COA Oversight and Investigation Powers – Allow the Commission on Audit (COA) to
conduct surprise audits on all procurement transactions.
✅ Create a Whistleblower Protection Program – Offer legal and financial protection for whistleblowers
who report procurement fraud.
✅ Increase Criminal Penalties for Violations – Raise the punishment for bid-rigging, collusion, and
bribery from 6 years to 15 years of imprisonment and double monetary fines.
Example: South Korea’s Anti-Corruption Commission protects whistleblowers and provides financial
rewards for reporting fraud, leading to higher conviction rates.
4. Strengthening Contract Implementation and Monitoring
Current Issue:
Many government projects suffer from delays, poor execution, and abandoned contracts after full
payment.
Recommendations:
✅ Live Project Monitoring via GPS and Drones – Require real-time project tracking using satellite
imagery and drones to monitor construction progress.
✅ Third-Party Audit Committees – Engage civil society groups, engineers, and financial experts to
conduct independent project inspections.
✅ Require Government Insurance on Big Contracts – Large-scale projects (e.g., infrastructure, health,
education) should be backed by performance bonds, ensuring financial coverage in case of noncompletion.
Example: In Kenya, the Open Contracting Data Standard (OCDS) helped reduce unfinished projects by
32% through better contract tracking.
5. Increasing Public Engagement and Civic Oversight
Current Issue:
Ordinary citizens rarely have access to procurement data, making it easier for corrupt practices to
continue unchecked.
Recommendations:
✅ Launch a Citizen Procurement Watch App – Develop a mobile app where the public can report
procurement violations, delays, and overpricing anonymously.
✅ Include Public Representatives in Bidding Committees – Allow community members, consumer
groups, and academic institutions to participate in procurement oversight.
✅ Publish Easy-to-Understand Procurement Reports – Instead of technical COA reports, provide
simplified, publicly available summaries on government spending.
Example: In Mexico, the social auditing program allowed local communities to oversee school
construction projects, reducing corruption in procurement by 25%.
Conclusion: Building a Corruption-Free Procurement System
RA 9184 is a strong legal framework, but it must be reinforced with better technology, stricter
penalties, independent audits, and increased public participation.
Governments worldwide have reduced procurement fraud by embracing e-procurement, AI monitoring,
and citizen involvement—strategies that can be applied in the Philippines.
By implementing these recommendations, we can maximize public funds, prevent corruption, and
ensure high-quality public services for all Filipinos.
C.) Describe the top 10 qualities of a great civil engineer.
1. Strong Technical Knowledge
A civil engineer needs to know a lot about engineering concepts, building methods, materials science,
and design software like AutoCAD, STAAD.Pro, or SAP2000.
2. Problem-Solving Skills
Civil engineering projects often run into problems that were not expected. A good engineer can look at
complicated scenarios, think critically, and come up with good solutions.
3. Creativity and Innovation
Engineering isn't just following rules; it's also about coming up with solutions that are efficient, longlasting, and cost-effective, which often means thinking outside the box.
4. Attention to Detail
Even small mistakes in figuring out load-bearing capacities, choosing materials, or site factors can
cause structures to fail. Care is very important in this field.
5. Project Management Skills
Civil engineers are in charge of projects from the beginning to the end, making sure that budgets, plans,
teams, and resources are used well.
6. Communication and Leadership
Engineers work for clients, builders, contractors, and the government. It is very important to be able to
lead teams and explain technical knowledge clearly.
7. Adaptability and Resilience
Changes that aren't planned for often happen in construction projects, like delays caused by bad weather,
new rules, or limited funds. An engineer needs to be able to change and shift quickly.
8. Ethical and Professional Responsibility
To keep the public safe and the world healthy, engineers must follow safety rules, environmental laws,
and moral standards.
9. Knowledge of Sustainability and Environmental Impact
In today's civil engineering, you need to know about green building, saving energy, and using sustainable
building products and methods to lessen your impact on the environment.
10. Passion for Continuous Learning
Engineering is an area that is always changing as new technologies, software, and building methods
come out. A good civil engineer keeps up with new information and keeps getting better at what they do.
Prepare an analysis of the case given below.
Follow the format in analyzing the case
Format:
A.) Situationer
•
•
•
Background
Problem Statement
Problem Analysis
B.) Assumptions
C.) Alternatives
D.) Recommendation
E.) Implementation Plan
Case 1: Engineer Joaquin Aragon is the chief engineer in large engineering firm and affixes
his seal to some of the plans not prepared by registered engineers working under his general
direction who do not affix their seals to the plans. At times Engineer Joaquin Aragon also
seals plans prepared by a non-registered, graduate engineers working under his general
supervision.
Because the size of the organization and the large number of projects being designed at any
one time. Engineer Joaquin Aragon finds it impossible to give a detailed review or check of
the designed. He believes he is ethically and legally correct in not doing so because of his
confidence in the ability of those he has hired and who are working under his general
direction and supervision.
By general direction and supervision, Engineer Joaquin Aragon means that he is involved in
helping to establish the concept, the design requirements, and review elements of the design
or projects status as a design progresses. Engineer Joaquin Aragon is consulted about
technical question and answers and direction in these matters.
A. Situationer
•
Background
Joaquin Aragon is a chief engineer at a big engineering firm. Because the
organization is so big and has a ton of projects happening at once, he thinks it's just not
realistic to do thorough reviews of every design. Even so, he puts his seal on plans created
by both registered engineers he supervises who don’t seal their own work, along with nonregistered graduate engineers working under his general oversight. He defends what he's
doing by saying that he's part of establishing design requirements, checking on progress,
and tackling technical questions.
•
Problem Statement
The main concern here is whether Engineer Aragon's habit of sealing
plans
without doing a thorough review or making sure they were created by
registered
engineers under his close supervision meets ethical and legal
standards.
•
Problem Analysis
Ethics in the Workplace
Licensed engineers, such as Engineer Aragon, need to make sure that everything they sign
off on meets rigorous safety and legal standards. This isn't just a formality; it's a
fundamental duty to safeguard public welfare and uphold professional integrity. If you
don't take the time to carefully check designs before finalizing them, you might miss flaws
or compliance issues, which could end up causing serious problems.
Legal Considerations
Engineering laws clearly state that licensed engineers must either prepare or directly
oversee the preparation of any documents they seal. If an engineer who isn't registered
makes a design without being directly supervised, and then a licensed engineer seals that
design, it might actually break the law. This kind of action totally messes with the legal
system that's supposed to keep things safe and up to standard, and it could also lead to some
serious legal trouble for both the engineer and the company.
Managing Risks
From a risk management standpoint, not doing thorough reviews of designs might result
in major failures. Structural failures, for instance, might lead to major liability claims.
Aside from the financial implications, we also need to think about the impact on reputation.
If a project fails because of poor oversight, it would seriously damage the firm's credibility
and Engineer Aragon's professional reputation.
Ethical Considerations
The ethical standards in engineering, like those from the NSPE Code of Ethics, really
highlight how engineers need to prioritize safety, integrity, and accountability in their
work. Ethical considerations go beyond just sticking to the rules; they’re also about
maintaining the trust that the public has in engineers. Making sure that we do thorough
reviews and keep a close eye on things really shows our commitment to ethical
responsibilities and keeping the public safe.
B. Assumptions
Engineer Aragon thinks that his overall oversight is enough to make sure everything is
ethical and legal, counting on his role to back up the work done by his team. The engineers on his
team are definitely skilled, but they don’t put their own seals on things, which kind of shows they
depend on his authority instead of taking personal responsibility. Also, the company has grad
engineers who are really involved in the design process even though they aren't registered, which
brings up some questions about how much responsibility they have and what kind of oversight is
needed. Also, not having a formal internal policy that requires the chief engineer to do a thorough
review before finalizing plans creates a potential risk. It opens the door for mistakes and raises
concerns about whether proper care is taken during the approval process. These assumptions really
point out some serious gaps in accountability and compliance that might lead to ethical and legal
issues for the firm.
C. Alternatives
To tackle the ethical and legal issues in Engineer Aragon’s current method, we can look
into a few different options. To start, following the rules strictly means that only registered
engineers can put their seals on their work. This boosts personal responsibility and makes sure that
every design is certified by the right professional. Another way to improve things is by setting up
a structured review process where Engineer Aragon or senior engineers take a close look at
everything before finalizing any plans. This can help cut down on mistakes that might get
overlooked. Also, we could totally implement delegation of authority by assigning specific
registered engineers to oversee certain projects, which would make them directly responsible for
their own designs and seals. Also, helping graduate engineers get their professional licenses
through training and mentorship would not just make sure we’re compliant, but it would also boost
the firm’s expertise in the long run. Finally, using automated design verification tools could really
make the review process smoother, boosting efficiency and keeping accuracy in check. By using
these alternatives, the company can boost its commitment to ethical and legal standards while
improving workflow.
D. Recommendation
A solid way to tackle the ethical and legal issues in Engineer Aragon’s supervision is by
sticking closely to regulations and improving the review process. Having registered engineers put
their own seals on their work really boosts accountability, making sure that each professional owns
up to what they do. Also, not allowing plans made by non-registered engineers to be sealed unless
a licensed engineer has reviewed them helps avoid possible legal and ethical issues. To keep things
running smoothly and minimize the chance of mistakes, we should set up a structured review
system. It would be great to have senior engineers in charge of making sure everything meets
compliance and quality standards. This balanced approach maintains professional integrity while
improving the firm’s workflow, making sure that engineering standards and regulations are
followed without putting extra pressure on Engineer Aragon.
E. Implementation Plan
To really make the suggested approach work, it's important to stick to a solid plan that
helps with a smooth transition and keeps things on track in the long run. The initial step is to
implement the policy, and it needs to be done within a month. This means creating a
straightforward policy that clearly says only registered engineers can seal their own plans and
making sure that all engineers in the firm are aware of this policy. After this, we need to focus on
improving our processes over the next three months. During this time, we’ll set up a formal review
workflow where senior registered engineers will be responsible for doing thorough checks before
any documents get finalized. Also, we should totally bring in some design verification software to
boost quality control and cut down on mistakes.
After that, we should roll out a training and professional development phase that lasts
anywhere from six months to a year. This involves helping graduate engineers get their
professional licenses and running training sessions on ethics and legal compliance to boost
regulatory knowledge for everyone on the team. Ultimately, keeping up with continuous
monitoring is going to be a constant task to ensure we stay compliant. We should definitely do
regular audits of sealed documents to make sure we're following all the ethical and legal standards.
Plus, it’s important to tweak our procedures based on what staff say and any updates in regulations.
By sticking to this organized plan, the company can keep things professional and still run smoothly.