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Exploring Russia: History, Politics, Economy & Current Affairs

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‭Exploring Russia‬
‭ ussia, the largest country in the world by land area, stretches across‬
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‭Eastern Europe and northern Asia, encompassing a vast range of climates‬
‭and landscapes. Its historical journey from the rise of the Tsarist Empire‬
‭through the era of the Soviet Union to its current status as a federal‬
‭semi-presidential republic has profoundly shaped its national identity. The‬
‭end of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked a significant turning point, leading‬
‭to substantial economic and political reforms aimed at integrating Russia‬
‭into the global economy and establishing its place in the modern world.‬
‭ oday, Russia remains a major global player, leveraging its extensive‬
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‭natural resources, particularly oil and gas, to assert its influence on the‬
‭international stage. The country faces ongoing challenges, including‬
‭economic sanctions, regional conflicts, and internal political issues.‬
‭ espite these difficulties, Russia's rich cultural heritage, characterised by‬
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‭its contributions to literature, music, and the arts, continues to play a vital‬
‭role in shaping its global image and national pride.‬
‭Capital:‬
‭●‬ ‭Moscow‬‭: The capital and largest city, major political,‬‭economic, and‬
‭cultural centre.‬
‭Education:‬
‭ ‬ ‭System:‬‭Structured in primary, secondary, and tertiary‬‭levels.‬
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‭●‬ ‭Higher Education:‬‭Notable universities include Lomonosov‬‭Moscow‬
‭State University and St. Petersburg State University.‬
‭●‬ ‭Challenges:‬‭Regional disparities in educational quality,‬‭issues with‬
‭funding and modernization.‬
‭Healthcare:‬
‭ ‬ ‭System:‬‭Public healthcare system, largely funded by‬‭the state.‬
●
‭●‬ ‭Challenges:‬‭Uneven access across regions, ageing infrastructure,‬
‭and a shortage of medical professionals.‬
‭●‬ ‭Recent Reforms:‬‭Efforts to improve healthcare access‬‭and quality.‬
‭Medical:‬
‭ ‬ ‭Facilities:‬‭A mix of public and private hospitals.‬
●
‭●‬ ‭Key Issues:‬‭Rural areas face limited access to high-quality‬‭medical‬
‭care.‬
‭Schooling:‬
‭ ‬ ‭Compulsory Education:‬‭Free and compulsory up to 9th‬‭grade.‬
●
‭●‬ ‭Curriculum:‬‭Includes basic subjects with a strong‬‭emphasis on‬
‭mathematics and science.‬
‭●‬ ‭Quality:‬‭Varied, with significant differences between‬‭urban and rural‬
‭areas.‬
‭Social Issues:‬
‭●‬ ‭Economic Inequality:‬‭Significant disparities between‬‭urban and rural‬
‭regions.‬
‭●‬ ‭Corruption:‬‭Perceived as widespread, affecting various‬‭sectors.‬
‭●‬ ‭Human Rights:‬‭Concerns regarding freedom of speech,‬‭press, and‬
‭political opposition.‬
‭Travel and Heritage:‬
‭●‬ ‭Tourist Attractions:‬‭The Kremlin, Red Square, Trans-Siberian‬
‭Railway, and cultural sites in St. Petersburg.‬
‭●‬ ‭UNESCO Sites:‬‭Includes historic centres of Moscow‬‭and St.‬
‭Petersburg, and Lake Baikal.‬
‭●‬ ‭Challenges:‬‭Travel restrictions and diplomatic tensions‬‭can impact‬
‭tourism.‬
‭Military:‬
‭●‬ ‭Structure:‬‭Includes the Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force,‬‭Aerospace‬
‭Forces, and Strategic Rocket Forces.‬
‭●‬ ‭Capabilities:‬‭Significant nuclear arsenal, extensive‬‭military‬
‭modernization efforts.‬
‭●‬ ‭Current Issues:‬‭Ongoing military engagements in Ukraine‬‭and Syria,‬
‭regional military presence.‬
‭Current Affairs:‬
‭●‬ ‭Ukraine Conflict:‬‭Ongoing war with Ukraine, involving‬‭territorial‬
‭disputes and military operations.‬
‭●‬ ‭International Relations:‬‭Tensions with Western countries,‬‭economic‬
‭sanctions, and diplomatic disputes.‬
‭●‬ ‭Domestic Issues:‬‭Economic challenges, political protests,‬‭and‬
‭societal unrest.‬
‭Economy:‬
‭●‬ ‭Major Sectors:‬‭Oil and gas, heavy industry, manufacturing,‬‭and‬
‭services.‬
‭●‬ ‭Challenges:‬‭Economic sanctions, dependency on energy‬‭exports,‬
‭and fluctuating oil prices.‬
‭●‬ ‭Reforms:‬‭Efforts to diversify the economy and reduce‬‭reliance on oil‬
‭and gas.‬
‭Government:‬
‭ ‬ ‭Political Structure:‬‭Federal semi-presidential republic.‬
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‭●‬ ‭Executive Branch:‬‭President (head of state) and Prime‬‭Minister‬
‭(head of government).‬
‭●‬ ‭Legislative Branch:‬‭Federal Assembly (State Duma and‬‭Federation‬
‭Council).‬
‭●‬ ‭Judicial Branch:‬‭Includes the Constitutional Court‬‭and Supreme‬
‭Court.‬
‭Language and Culture:‬
‭ ‬ ‭Official Language:‬‭Russian.‬
●
‭●‬ ‭Culture:‬‭Rich in literature, music, and arts; notable‬‭figures include‬
‭Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, and Tchaikovsky.‬
‭●‬ ‭Traditions:‬‭Includes unique festivals, Orthodox Christian‬‭customs,‬
‭and traditional folk art.‬
‭History:‬
‭●‬ ‭Early History:‬‭Kievan Rus, Mongol invasion, and rise‬‭of the Grand‬
‭Duchy of Moscow.‬
‭●‬ ‭Tsarist Era:‬‭Russian Empire expansion and autocratic‬‭rule.‬
‭●‬ ‭Soviet Period:‬‭Bolshevik Revolution, formation of‬‭the USSR, Cold‬
‭War era.‬
‭●‬ ‭Post-Soviet Era:‬‭Collapse of the USSR in 1991, transition‬‭to market‬
‭economy, and current geopolitical tensions.‬
‭General Questions:‬
‭1.‬ ‭How does your country plan to balance its national interests with its‬
‭commitments to international cooperation?‬
‭2.‬ ‭What specific actions is your country taking to address [a current‬
‭global issue, e.g., climate change, migration, etc.]?‬
‭3.‬ ‭Can you elaborate on your country’s stance on multilateral versus‬
‭unilateral approaches to global challenges?‬
‭Economic and Trade:‬
‭1.‬ ‭How does your country plan to mitigate the impact of economic‬
‭sanctions or trade barriers on its economy?‬
‭2.‬ ‭What are your country’s priorities in global trade negotiations, and‬
‭how do they align with international trade agreements?‬
‭3.‬ ‭How does your country address economic inequality and ensure fair‬
‭economic growth?‬
‭Security and Defense:‬
‭1.‬ ‭What are your country’s primary security concerns, and how does it‬
‭address them within international frameworks?‬
‭2.‬ ‭How does your country balance military spending with social and‬
‭economic development?‬
‭3.‬ ‭What is your country’s strategy for countering global terrorism and‬
‭promoting international security?‬
‭Human Rights and Social Issues:‬
‭1.‬ ‭How does your country address criticisms related to human rights‬
‭and political freedoms?‬
‭2.‬ ‭What steps is your country taking to address social inequalities and‬
‭improve the quality of life for its citizens?‬
‭3.‬ ‭How does your country support global human rights initiatives while‬
‭managing domestic challenges?‬
‭Environmental and Climate Issues:‬
‭1.‬ ‭How does your country plan to meet its environmental targets and‬
‭commitments under international agreements?‬
‭2.‬ ‭What are your country’s strategies for dealing with the impact of‬
‭climate change on its economy and population?‬
‭3.‬ ‭How does your country balance economic development with‬
‭environmental protection?‬
‭Diplomatic Relations:‬
‭1.‬ ‭How does your country handle diplomatic disputes with neighboring‬
‭states, and what is its approach to conflict resolution?‬
‭2.‬ ‭What role does your country see itself playing in regional and global‬
‭diplomatic efforts?‬
‭3.‬ ‭How does your country address issues of sovereignty and‬
‭intervention in its foreign policy?‬
‭Current Affairs:‬
‭1.‬ ‭What are your country’s immediate priorities in response to recent‬
‭international events or crises?‬
‭2.‬ ‭How does your country view its role in ongoing global conflicts, and‬
‭what solutions does it propose?‬
‭3.‬ ‭What impact do recent global developments have on your country’s‬
‭domestic policies and international relationships?‬
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