History and Socio-Cultural Features
of the Ilongot (Bugkalot) and Igorot
An Overview of Indigenous Groups in
the Philippines
Introduction
• This presentation explores the history and sociocultural features of two indigenous groups in the
Philippines: the Ilongot (Bugkalot) and the Igorot.
Ilongot (Bugkalot) - History
• • Indigenous group residing in the Sierra
Madre and Caraballo Mountains.
• • Known for their former headhunting
practices, which have ceased.
• • Traditionally settled near rivers for food and
transportation.
• • Speak the Bugkalot language, with Ilocano
and Tagalog also widely spoken.
Ilongot (Bugkalot) - Socio-Cultural
Features
• • Strong warrior culture in the past.
• • Communities are organized into clans and
follow traditional leadership structures.
• • Engage in subsistence farming, fishing, and
hunting.
• • Rich oral traditions and indigenous rituals.
• Social Structure
• -Cultural Norms and Values
• -Language
• -Religion
• -Art and Literature
• -Food and Cuisine
• -Clothing and Fasion
Igorot - History
• • Indigenous groups residing in the Cordillera
region of Luzon.
• • Successfully resisted Spanish colonization,
preserving their culture.
• • Known for their expertise in rice terracing,
particularly the Banaue Rice Terraces.
• • Each Igorot subgroup has unique traditions
and governance.
Igorot - Socio-Cultural Features
• • Rich traditions in dance, music, and rituals
(e.g., Cañao festival).
• • The Bontoc people practiced tattooing and
intricate weaving.
• • The Ibaloi conduct the Peshit, a grand feast
lasting weeks.
• • The Kankanaey are known for their
traditional dances like Tayaw and Pat-tong.
• Social Structure
• -Cultural Norms and Values
• -Language
• -Religion
• -Art and Literature
• -Food and Cuisine
• - Clothing and Fashion
Conclusion
• The Ilongot (Bugkalot) and Igorot are unique
indigenous groups with rich histories and
deep cultural traditions. Despite modern
influences, they continue to preserve their
identities and practices.