CHAPTER II
BASIC ECOLOGICAL
CONCEPTS
GROUP II
MEMBERS
JOHN LLOYD COLIMA
CYREL GREGORIO
HAYACINTH DAYAG
JEN NICOLE LIGSAY
DENNIS DUMANNI
LESLIE TONDEC
BABYJHANE RODUTA
Levels of Organization
All living things
are composed of atoms
that bond together to
form molecules. The
basic atoms found in an
organism are carbon
atoms to
which are
linked varying numbers
of hydrogen atoms in
varying arrangements.
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Oxygen is another atom that
links with carbon and hydrogen;
together, these (CHO) form the
bigger
molecules
of
sugars,
carbohydrates, and lipids. When
nitrogen links with CHO to make
CHON, an amino acid or protein is
fromed, to which may bond
phosphorus or sulfur.
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ORGANISM
An organism is any living thing. A group of organisms that is
similar in appearance, behavior, and genetic makeup belongs to the
same species. The biological species concept states that members
of a species are those individuals that are genetically related enough
to be able to interbreed and produce fertile off springs. The ultimate
check of the classification is the fertility of the off springs because
individuals can mate but the resulting offspring is not fertile, as in
the classic example of a horse that is interbred with a donkey
producing a mule, which is sterile and cannot therefore perpetuate
the species.
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POPULATION
The group of individuals belonging to one species
and is found together in a defined area at a certain
time is called a population. Examples would be all the
dogs in a house, all the maya birds in a campus, all
the mahogany trees in a province, all the whale sharks
in the Philippines, and all the Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes in the world.
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POPULATION DENSITY
Population density describes the degree of crowdedness of a
population in a given area. Crude density may be computed from the
number of individuals or the total population biomass per unit space,
such as seven dogs in a 1000 m² compound, or nine tons of rice per
hectare of rice land. Ecological or specific density describes the
number or biomass per unit of space that is actually available to the
population. All the estuarine crocodiles in the Philippines would be
crude density, which would have for denominator the total area of
the country's estuarine waters; on the other hand, ecological density
would be all the estuarine crocodiles in the smaller total area of the
localities where they are endemic.
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DISPERSION
Dispersion is the distribution
of organisms over the space where
they are found. Three patterns have
been observed: clumped, random,
and uniform.
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