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2023 Journal Performance Data for:
PLoS One
Open Access since 2006
ISSN
EISSN
1932-6203
1932-6203
JCR ABBREVIATION
ISO ABBREVIATION
PLOS ONE
PLoS One
Journal Information
EDITION
CATEGORY
Science Citation Index
Expanded (SCIE)
MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
LANGUAGES
REGION
1ST ELECTRONIC JCR YEAR
English
USA
2009
Publisher Information
PUBLISHER
ADDRESS
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
1160 BATTERY STREET, STE
100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA
94111
Journal Citation Reports ™
1-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Journal's Performance
Journal Impact Factor
The Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a journal-level metric calculated from data indexed in the Web of
Science Core Collection. It should be used with careful attention to the many factors that influence
citation rates, such as the volume of publication and citations characteristics of the subject area and
type of journal. The Journal Impact Factor can complement expert opinion and informed peer review.
In the case of academic evaluation for tenure, it is inappropriate to use a journal-level metric as a
proxy measure for individual researchers, institutions, or articles. Learn more
2023 JOURNAL IMPACT FACTOR
2023 JOURNAL IMPACT FACTOR WITHOUT SELF CITATIONS
2.9
2.8
Journal Impact Factor Trend 2023
Journal Citation Reports ™
2-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Journal Impact Factor is calculated using the following metrics
Citations in 2023 to items published in 2021 (57,051) 2022 (35,576)
92,627
=
Number of citable items in 2021 (16,112) + 2022
(15,515)
=
2.9
=
2.8
31,627
Journal Impact Factor without self cites is calculated using the following metrics
Citations in 2023 to items published in 2021 (57,051) +
2022 (35,576) - Self Citations in 2023 to items published
in 2021 (2,289) + 2022 (1,583)
92,627 3,872
=
Number of citable items in 2021 (16,112) + 2022
(15,515)
Journal Citation Reports ™
3-23
31,627
© 2025 Clarivate
Journal Impact Factor Contributing Items
Citable Items (31,627)
TITLE
CITATION COUNT
COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy: A longitudinal study
Authors: Fridman, Ariel;Gershon, Rachel;Gneezy, Ayelet
Volume: 16
Accession number: WOS:000641475400015
Document Type: Article
126
Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors
across seven states in the United States
Authors: Browning, Matthew H. E. M.;Reigner, Nathan;Metcalf, Elizabeth
Covelli;D'Antonio, Ashley;Helbich, Marco;Bratman, Gregory N.;Alvarez, Hector
Olvera;Larson, Lincoln R.;Sharaievska, Iryna;Rigolon, Alessandro; et al.
Volume: 16
Accession number: WOS:000608044300004
Document Type: Article
123
An empirical survey of data augmentation for time series classification with
neural networks
Authors: Iwana, Brian Kenji;Uchida, Seiichi
Volume: 16
Accession number: WOS:000678120600011
Document Type: Article
98
Partisanship, health behavior, and policy attitudes in the early stages of the
COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gadarian, Shana Kushner;Goodman, Sara Wallace;Pepinsky, Thomas
B.
Volume: 16
Accession number: WOS:000638119900043
Document Type: Article
97
The Covid-19 pandemic and mental health of first-year college students:
Examining the effect of Covid-19 stressors using longitudinal data
Authors: Fruehwirth, Jane Cooley;Biswas, Siddhartha;Perreira, Krista M.
Volume: 16
Accession number: WOS:000626604300015
Document Type: Article
94
Showing 1-5 rows of 31,627 total (use export in the relevant section to download the full table)
Journal Citation Reports ™
4-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Journal Impact Factor Contributing Items
Citing Sources (11,425)
SOURCE NAME
COUNT
PLOS ONE
3,872
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
1,756
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
1,103
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
1,008
SUSTAINABILITY
905
HELIYON
759
BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
678
BMJ OPEN
662
VACCINES
607
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
582
HEALTHCARE
524
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
516
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
514
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
399
NUTRIENTS
376
VIRUSES-BASEL
367
ANIMALS
344
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
326
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
325
CANCERS
318
Showing 1-20 rows of 11,425 total (use export in the relevant section to download the full table)
Journal Citation Reports ™
5-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Journal Citation Indicator (JCI)
0.88
The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is the average Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI) of
citable items (articles & reviews) published by a journal over a recent three year period. The average
JCI in a category is 1. Journals with a JCI of 1.5 have 50% more citation impact than the average in
that category. It may be used alongside other metrics to help you evaluate journals. Learn more
Journal Citation Reports ™
6-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Total Citations
808,083
The total number of times that a journal has been cited by all journals included in the database in the
JCR year. Citations to journals listed in JCR are compiled annually from the JCR years combined
database, regardless of which JCR edition lists the journal.
Journal Citation Reports ™
7-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Citation Distribution
The Citation Distribution shows the frequency with which items published in the year or two years
prior were cited in the JCR data year (i.e., the component of the calculation of the JIF). The graph has
similar functionality as the JIF Trend graph, including hover-over data descriptions for each data
point, and an interactive legend where each data element's legend can be used as a toggle. You can
view Articles, Reviews, or Non-Citable (other) items to the JIF numerator. Learn more
ARTICLE CITATION MEDIAN
REVIEW CITATION MEDIAN
UNLINKED CITATIONS
2
3
2,975
0 times cited
ARTICLES
REVIEWS
OTHER
7,310
209
852
Journal Citation Reports ™
8-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Open Access (OA)
The data included in this tile summarizes the items published in the journal in the JCR data year and
in the previous two years. This three-year set of published items is used to provide descriptive
analysis of the content and community of the journal.Learn more
Items
TOTAL CITABLE
% OF CITABLE OA
46,172
99.34%
CITABLE
NON-CITABLE
GOLD OPEN ACCESS
OTHER (NON-CITABLE ITEMS)
45,868 / 96.60%
1,308 / 2.75%
SUBSCRIPTION OR BRONZE
304 / 0.64%
Citations*
TOTAL CITABLE
% OF CITABLE OA
96,024
99.72%
CITABLE
GOLD OPEN ACCESS
95,752 / 96.20%
SUBSCRIPTION OR BRONZE
272 / 0.27%
NON-CITABLE
OTHER (NON-CITABLE ITEMS)
140 / 0.14%
UNLINKED CITATIONS
3,366 / 3.38%
* Citations in 2023 to items published in (2021-2023)
Journal Citation Reports ™
9-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Rank by Journal Impact factor
Journals within a category are sorted in descending order by Journal Impact Factor (JIF) resulting in
the Category Ranking below. A separate rank is shown for each category in which the journal is listed
in JCR. Beginning in 2023, ranks are calculated by category. Learn more
CATEGORY
CATEGORY
MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
BIOLOGY
32/134
N/A
JCR
YEAR
JIF RANK
2023 32/134
QUART JIF PERCENTILE
ILE
Q1
76.5
Rank by JIF before 2023 for
MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Rank by JIF before 2023 for BIOLOGY
EDITION
EDITION
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)
JCR
YEAR
QUART JIF PERCENTILE
ILE
JCR
YEAR
2022 26/73
Q2
65.1
2022 N/A
N/A
N/A
2021 29/74
Q2
61.49
2021 N/A
N/A
N/A
2020 26/72
Q2
64.58
2020 N/A
N/A
N/A
2019 27/71
Q2
62.68
2019 N/A
N/A
N/A
2018 24/69
Q2
65.94
2018 N/A
N/A
N/A
2017 15/64
Q1
77.34
2017 N/A
N/A
N/A
2016 15/64
Q1
77.34
2016 N/A
N/A
N/A
2015 11/63
Q1
83.33
2015 N/A
N/A
N/A
2014 9/57
Q1
85.09
2014 N/A
N/A
N/A
2013 8/55
Q1
86.36
2013 N/A
N/A
N/A
2012 7/56
Q1
88.39
2012 N/A
N/A
N/A
2011 N/A
N/A
N/A
2011 12/85
Q1
86.47
2010 N/A
N/A
N/A
2010 12/86
Q1
86.63
2009 N/A
N/A
N/A
2009 10/76
Q1
87.50
JIF RANK
Journal Citation Reports ™
10-23
JIF RANK
QUART JIF PERCENTILE
ILE
© 2025 Clarivate
Rank by Journal Citation Indicator (JCI)
Journals within a category are sorted in descending order by Journal Citation Indicator (JCI)
resulting in the Category Ranking below. A separate rank is shown for each category in which the
journal is listed in JCR. Data for the most recent year is presented at the top of the list, with other
years shown in reverse chronological order.Learn more
CATEGORY
MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
33/135
JCR
YEAR
JCI RANK
QUART JCI PERCENTILE
ILE
2023 33/135
Q1
75.93
2022 29/134
Q1
78.73
2021 28/135
Q1
79.63
2020 29/128
Q1
77.73
2019 29/126
Q1
77.38
2018 24/121
Q1
80.58
2017 20/115
Q1
83.04
Journal Citation Reports ™
11-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Citation network
Cited Half-life
8.0 years
The Cited Half-Life is the median age of the items in this journal that were cited in the JCR year. Half
of a journal's cited items were published more recently than the cited half-life.
TOTAL NUMBER OF CITES
NON-SELF CITATIONS
SELF CITATIONS
808,083
790,101
17,982
# OF CITES FROM CUMULATIVE
2023
%
# OF CITING
SOURCES
808,083 citations
100.00%
17,090 sources
6,903 citations
0.85%
2,784 sources
35,576 citations
5.26%
7,513 sources
57,051 citations
12.32%
9,707 sources
59,094 citations
19.63%
9,960 sources
53,314 citations
26.23%
9,400 sources
59,638 citations
33.61%
9,724 sources
66,488 citations
41.84%
9,731 sources
66,756 citations
50.10%
9,661 sources
81,955 citations
60.24%
10,192 sources
85,505 citations
70.82%
9,501 sources
Previous years:
235,803 citations
Journal Citation Reports ™
12-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Citing titles in all years
PLoS One
SOURCE NAME
COUNT
All Others
2,382
1
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
18,652
2
PLoS One
17,982
3
Scientific Reports
14,860
4
Frontiers in Immunology
5,806
5
Heliyon
4,581
6
Frontiers in Microbiology
4,569
7
Cancers
4,431
8
Nutrients
4,315
9
Frontiers in Plant Science
4,170
10
Science of The Total Environment
4,030
11
Cells
3,845
12
Frontiers in Public Health
3,813
13
Animals
3,790
14
Nature Communications
3,711
15
Journal of Clinical Medicine
3,672
16
Microorganisms
3,664
17
Biomedicines
3,351
18
Plants-Basel
3,328
19
Sustainability
3,078
20
BMJ Open
3,048
Showing 1 - 20 rows of 14708 total (use export in the relevant section to download the full table)
Journal Citation Reports ™
13-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Citing Half-life
7.8 years
The Citing Half-Life is the median age of items in other publications cited by this journal in the JCR
year.
TOTAL NUMBER OF CITES
NON-SELF CITATIONS
SELF CITATIONS
732,163
714,181
17,982
# OF CITES FROM CUMULATIVE
2023
%
732,163 citations
# OF CITED
SOURCES
100.00% 113,073 sources
8,903 citations
1.22%
4,446 sources
44,028 citations
7.23%
14,296 sources
69,190 citations
16.68%
17,792 sources
73,084 citations
26.66%
18,491 sources
51,126 citations
33.64%
15,292 sources
46,592 citations
40.01%
14,389 sources
42,216 citations
45.77%
13,592 sources
37,508 citations
50.90%
12,273 sources
34,736 citations
55.64%
11,359 sources
30,530 citations
59.81%
10,398 sources
Previous years:
294,541 citations
Journal Citation Reports ™
14-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Cited titles in all years
PLoS One
SOURCE NAME
COUNT
All Others
83,630
1
PLoS One
17,982
2
Scientific Reports
5,480
3
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA
4,571
4
LANCET
3,986
5
NATURE
3,855
6
SCIENCE
3,326
7
INT J ENV RES PUB HE
2,848
8
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
2,688
9
BMJ-British Medical Journal
2,604
10
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
2,545
11
BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
2,435
12
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
2,154
13
BMJ Open
2,100
14
Frontiers in Psychology
1,972
15
Nature Communications
1,843
16
Sustainability
1,840
17
BIOINFORMATICS
1,744
18
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
1,547
19
ARXIV
1,372
20
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
1,337
Showing 1 - 20 rows of 29443 total (use export in the relevant section to download the full table)
Journal Citation Reports ™
15-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Journal Citation Relationships
Cited Data
Top 20 journals citing PLOS ONE by number of citations
Journal Citation Reports ™
16-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Citing Data
Top 20 journals cited by PLOS ONE by number of citations
Journal Citation Reports ™
17-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Content metrics
Source data
This tile shows the breakdown of document types published by the journal. Citable Items are Articles
and Reviews. For the purposes of calculating JIF, a JCR year considers the publications of that
journal in the two prior years. Learn more
14,545 total citable items
ARTICLES
REVIEWS
COMBINED (C)
OTHER
DOCUMENT
TYPES (O)
PERCENTAGE
NUMBER IN JCR
YEAR 2023 (A)
13,972
573
14,545
360
98%
NUMBER OF
REFERENCES (B)
696,330
34,742
731,072
1,091
100%
RATIO (B/A)
49.8
60.6
50.3
3.0
Average JIF Percentile
The Average Journal Impact Factor Percentile takes the sum of the JIF Percentile rank for each
category under consideration, then calculates the average of those values. Learn more
ALL CATEGORIES AVERAGE
MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
76.5
76.5
Journal Citation Reports ™
18-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Contributions by Organizations
Organizations that have contributed the most papers to the journal in the most recent three-year
period. Learn more
RANK
ORGANIZATION
COUNT
1
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SYSTEM
1370
2
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
1098
3
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
819
4
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
582
5
CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE
SCIENTIFIQUE (CNRS)
531
6
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF OHIO
506
7
EGYPTIAN KNOWLEDGE BANK (EKB)
485
8
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
452
Showing 1 - 8 rows of 31257 total (use export in the relevant section to download the full table)
Contributions by country/region
Countries or Regions that have contributed the most papers to the journal in the most recent threeyear period. Learn more
RANK
COUNTRY/REGION
COUNT
1
USA
11771
2
CHINA MAINLAND
6239
3
ENGLAND
4108
4
GERMANY (FED REP GER)
3009
5
JAPAN
2802
6
CANADA
2567
7
AUSTRALIA
2462
8
SOUTH KOREA
1824
Showing 1 - 8 rows of 198 total (use export in the relevant section to download the full table)
Journal Citation Reports ™
19-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Additional metrics
Eigenfactor score
0.59334
The Eigenfactor Score is a reflection of the density of the network of citations around the journal
using 5 years of cited content as cited by the Current Year. It considers both the number of citations
and the source of those citations, so that highly cited sources will influence the network more than
less cited sources. The Eigenfactor calculation does not include journal self-citations. Learn more
Normalized Eigenfactor
130.37468
The Normalized Eigenfactor Score is the Eigenfactor score normalized, by rescaling the total number
of journals in the JCR each year, so that the average journal has a score of 1. Journals can then be
compared and influence measured by their score relative to 1. Learn more
Journal Citation Reports ™
20-23
© 2025 Clarivate
Article influence score
0.886
The Article Influence Score normalizes the Eigenfactor Score according to the cumulative size of the
cited journal across the prior five years. The mean Article Influence Score for each article is 1.00. A
score greater than 1.00 indicates that each article in the journal has above-average influence. Learn
more
Journal Citation Reports ™
21-23
© 2025 Clarivate
5 year Impact Factor
3.3
The 5-year Impact Factor is the average number of times articles from the journal published in the
past five years have been cited in the JCR year. It is calculated by dividing the number of citations in
the JCR year by the total number of articles published in the five previous years.
5 year Impact Factor calculation
Citations in 2023 to items published in [2018-2022]
(264,673)
264,673
=
Number of citable items in [2018-2022] (80,879)
Journal Citation Reports ™
22-23
=
3.3
80,879
© 2025 Clarivate
Immediacy Index
0.5
The Immediacy Index is the count of citations in the current year to the journal that reference content
in this same year. Journals that have a consistently high Immediacy Index attract citations rapidly.
Learn more
Immediacy Index calculation
Cites in 2023 to items published in [2023]
6,903
=
Number of items published in [2023]
Journal Citation Reports ™
23-23
=
0.5
14,545
© 2025 Clarivate