COMPOSITE
MATERIALS
MEDINA, JUSTINE
OLIVEROS, ERICA JANE
TABLANG, LEI ANN
INTRODUCTION
Composite materials are engineered materials composed of two or more
distinct phases that combine to achieve superior properties compared to
the individual constituents. In electrical engineering, composite materials
play a crucial role in developing components that offer enhanced
performance, durability, and efficiency. These materials are particularly
beneficial in addressing specific engineering challenges, such as
insulation, weight reduction, and thermal conductivity, making them
suitable for various electrical applications.
EVALUATION OF TYPES, PROPERTIES,
AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Types of
Composite
Materials
Properties of
Composite
Materials
TYPES OF COMPOSITE
MATERIALS
Polymer Matrix
Composites (PMCs)
PMCs consist of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers
like glass, carbon, or aramid.
Properties:
Lightweight
Excellent dielectric properties
High thermal stability
CMCs combine a ceramic matrix with ceramic or other
fibers.
Properties:
High-temperature resistance
Excellent wear resistance
Superior electrical insulation properties
Ceramic Matrix
Composites (CMCs)
TYPES OF COMPOSITE
MATERIALS
Metal Matrix
Composites (MMCs)
MMCs use a metal matrix (like aluminum or copper)
reinforced with ceramic or other particles.
Properties:
High strength-to-weight ratio
Good electrical conductivity
Improved thermal management
Hybrid composites contain more than one type of
reinforcement material, such as combining carbon and glass
fibers.
Properties:
Tailorable properties depending on the combination
Versatile in electrical and thermal applications
Hybrid Composites
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Dielectric
Properties
Composite materials often exhibit excellent dielectric
(non-conducting) properties, making them ideal for
insulation in high-voltage electrical systems. For example,
glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites are widely used
for this purpose.
Thermal
Conductivity
Some composite materials, particularly MMCs, offer
improved thermal conductivity, allowing for efficient heat
dissipation in electrical components like heat sinks or
printed circuit boards (PCBs).
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Corrosion
Resistance
The polymer or ceramic matrix in composites offers high
corrosion resistance, which is beneficial in electrical
systems exposed to harsh environments.
Lightweight
Polymer-based composites are significantly lighter than
metals, which is advantageous for applications such as
portable electrical devices and components used in
aerospace or automotive electrical systems.
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW ENGINEERING
MATERIALS AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL USAGE
Graphene-Based Composites
Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Composites
Industrial Usage:
Industrial Usage:
Graphene-based
composites
are
gaining
traction
in
electrical
engineering
for
use
in
flexible
electronics,
sensors,
and
energy
storage
devices
such
as
supercapacitors and batteries. Its
outstanding
electrical
properties
make it an ideal candidate for nextgeneration electronic components.
CNT composites are used in power
cables,
electronic
circuits,
and
electromagnetic shielding materials.
Their
unique
properties
enable
miniaturization
of
components
without sacrificing performance.
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW ENGINEERING
MATERIALS AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL USAGE
Nanocomposites
Conductive Polymers
Industrial Usage:
Industrial Usage:
Nanocomposites
are
increasingly
used
in
electrical
capacitors,
transistors,
and
energy
storage
devices, allowing for higher energy
densities and improved efficiency in
compact systems.
Conductive
polymers,
such
as
polyaniline
and
polypyrrole
composites, are used in organic
electronics, flexible displays, and
wearable technology. Their ability to
conduct
electricity
while
being
flexible offers new opportunities in
modern electronics.
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW ENGINEERING
MATERIALS AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL USAGE
Fiber-Reinforced Polymers with Smart Materials
Industrial Usage:
These
smart
composites
are
utilized
in
applications
like
sensors,
actuators,
and
adaptive control systems in electrical grids.
Their ability to respond to electrical stimuli
makes them vital for modern, intelligent
infrastructure.
INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATIONS OF
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
IN ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL INSULATION
Composite materials, particularly PMCs, are used in transformers, switchgear, and
insulation for overhead power lines due to their excellent dielectric properties and
durability under high-voltage conditions.
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS (PCBS)
Composite materials are a critical part of multilayer PCBs, offering low weight, high
mechanical strength, and reliable performance in electronic devices.
HEAT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
MMCs and nanocomposites are used in heat sinks and cooling systems for power electronics
and computing systems, where efficient thermal management is essential to maintain
operational efficiency.
CONDUCTIVE COMPONENTS
Materials such as CNT composites and conductive polymers are employed in flexible
circuits, connectors, and smart textiles, where flexibility and electrical conductivity are
key factors.
ENERGY STORAGE
Composite materials with enhanced electrical and thermal properties are vital for batteries,
supercapacitors, and energy-harvesting systems in renewable energy applications.
Composite materials are playing an increasingly important role in
electrical engineering due to their superior mechanical, thermal,
and electrical properties. New materials like graphene and
carbon nanotubes are pushing the boundaries of electrical
engineering by enabling miniaturized, efficient, and flexible
electronic systems. As technology advances, the use of these
innovative composites will continue to expand across a wide
range of industrial applications.
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