Topic 1
Introduction to System
Analysis
System
• A system is an interrelated set of business
procedures used within one business unit
working together for a purpose
• A system exists within an environment
•• AA collection
boundary
separates a system from its
of parts that work together to achieve a goal/task
environment
– Examples
• Solar system
• Digestive systems
• Public transport system
• Central heating system
• Computer system
• Information system
• A set of objects and relationships among the objects viewed as a whole and
designed to achieve a purpose
System
• A system is a group of related things that work
together as a whole. These things can be real
or imaginary.
• Systems can be man-made things like a car
engine or natural things like a star system.
• Systems can also be concepts made by people to
organize ideas.
• Simply put, a system is an organized collection
of parts (or subsystems) that are highly
integrated to accomplish an overall goal.
System
System
System
Characteristics of a System
• Components
• Interrelated Components
• Boundary
• Purpose
• Environment
• Interfaces
• Constraints
• Input
• Output
Systems
Can Be Composed of Subsystems
System
Subsys A
Subsys B
Subsys A-1
SubsysB-1
Subsys A-2
SubsysB-2
Subsys A-3
Elemental
part B1
Elemental
Part C
What is subsystem?
• A subsystem is simply a system within a system.
• Automobile is a system composed of subsystems:
• Engine system
• Body system
• Frame system
• Each of these subsystem is composed of sub-sub -systems.
• Engine system: carburetor system, generator
system, fuel system, and so son
Important System Concepts
• Decomposition
• The process of breaking down
system into smaller components
• Allows the systems analyst to:
a
• Break a system into small, manageable
subsystems
• Focus on one area at a time
• Concentrate on component pertinent to one
group of users
• Build different components at independent
times
System
Important System Concepts
• Modularity
• Process of dividing a system into
modules of a relatively uniform
size
• Modules simplify system design
• Coupling
• Subsystems that are dependent upon
each other are coupled
• Cohesion
• Extent
to
which
a
subsystem
performs a single function
Properties of a System
• Organization
Organization implies structure and order. It is the
arrangement of components that helps to achieve
predetermined objectives.
• Interaction
It is defined by the manner in which the components
operate with each other. For example, in an
organization, purchasing department must interact with
production department and payroll with personnel
department.
Properties of a System
• Interdependence
Interdependence means how the components of a
system depend on one another. For proper
functioning, the components are coordinated
and linked together according to a specified
plan.
The output of one subsystem is the
required by other subsystem as input.
Properties of a System
• Integration
Integration
is
concerned
with
how
a
system
components are connected together.
It
means
that
the
parts
together
within
the
system
performs a unique function.
of
the
even
system
if
each
work
part
Properties of a System
• Central Objective
The objective of system must be central. It may be real or
may be real or stated. It is not uncommon for an organization
an organization to state an objective and operate to achieve
operate to achieve another.
The users must know the main objective of a computer
computer application early in the analysis for a successful
a successful design and conversion.
Elements of a System
System
System
System
Types of Systems
System
System
System
System
System Analysis
• Systems analysis: the process of
studying a procedure or business to
identify its goal and purposes and
create systems and procedures that
will efficiently achieve them
• It is a process of collecting and
interpreting facts, identifying the
problems, and decomposition of a
system into its components.
System Analysis
• System analysis is conducted for the
purpose of studying a system or its
parts with the aim to solve problems
• It is a problem-solving technique
that improves the system and ensures
that all the components of the
system work efficiently to
accomplish their purpose.
System Analysis
• A systems analysis is one method
technology professionals can use to
identify
concerns
and
suggest
improvements to the systems businesses
and
organizations
use
in
their
operations.
• Learning what a systems analysis is
and how it works can help you better
understand
its
importance
and
necessity.
System Analysis
• System analysis is the initial phase of a
software
development
requirements
of
the
project
system
where
the
are
gathered,
the
problem
analyzed, and documented.
• It
involves
understanding
domain, identifying the stakeholders, and
defining the scope and objectives of the
System Analysis
• It is the very first step in any system
development
and
the
critical
phase
where
developers come together to understand the
problem,
project.
needs,
and
objectives
of
the
Key Activities in System Analysis
• Requirement Gathering− Identifying the needs and expectations of the users and
stakeholders.
• Requirement Analysis− Analyzing the gathered requirements to ensure consistency,
feasibility, and completeness.
• Feasibility Study− Assessing the technical, economic, and operational feasibility of
the proposed system.
• Process Modelling− Creating diagrams and models to represent the current and
proposed business processes.
• Data Modelling− Defining the data entities, attributes, and relationships within the
system.
Techniques Used in System Analysis
• Interviews− Gathering information from stakeholders through face-to-face or
online interviews.
• Surveys− Collecting data from a large number of respondents using
questionnaires.
• Observation− Observing the current system in operation to understand its
processes and workflows.
• Document Analysis− Examining existing documents, reports, and manuals.
• Prototyping− Creating simplified models or mock-up’s of the system to gather
feedback and refine requirements.
System Analysis-Example
• Fraud Detection Systems: Studying transaction patterns and
inconsistencies in financial data to develop algorithms
for detecting and preventing fraudulent activities
System Design
• System
design
blueprint
is
is
where
the
project's
created.
It
involves
transforming the requirements identified in
the analysis phase into a visual solution.
System Design
• System design is the process of creating a
blueprint
components,
for
a
system's
architecture,
and
interactions.
interdisciplinary
engineering
It's
an
activity
that's used to meet specific requirements.
• System Design focuses on how to accomplish
the objective of the system
System Design
Purpose:
• To
create
a
detailed
plan
for
building,
implementing, and maintaining a system
• To ensure a system meets functional, technical,
and business needs
• To
define,
organize,
and
structure
components of the final solution system
the
System Design
System design process:
• Involves defining what each component does and
the services it provides
• Involves
specifying
how
components
interact
with each other through interfaces or APIs
• Involves determining how each component manages
and processes data
Main objectives of Systems Design
Main objectives of Systems Design
Main objectives of Systems Design
The main components of system design are
as follows:
The main components of system design are
as follows:
System Analysis and Design
• System
Analysis
focuses on:
1. Systems
2. Processes
3. Technology
and
Design
(SAD)
mainly
System Analysis and Design
• Benefits of system analysis and design
System Analysis and System
Design
• Differences
between
System
Analysis
and
System Design:
System analysis and system design are two
critical phases in the development lifecycle
of a software system. While they are often
used
interchangeably,
purposes
and
they
serve
involve
distinct
different
System Analysis and System
Design
• Differences between System Analysis and System
Design:
System Analysis and System
Design
• System analysis and system design are closely
interconnected.
The
output
of
the
analysis
phase (the requirements document) serves as
the input for the design phase.
• The design specifications must align with the
requirements
to
system
the
meets
stakeholders
ensure
that
the
developed
needs
of
the
users
and
System Analysis and System Design –
Conclusion
• System
analysis
and
system
design
are
essential
phases in the development of software systems.
• While they have distinct roles and methodologies,
they work together to ensure that the final product
meets the desired requirements and delivers value
to the users.
• By
effectively
design,
conducting
organizations
can
system
analysis
develop
high-quality,
efficient, and user-friendly software systems.
and
Systems Analyst
Systems Analyst
•A
computer
systems
analyst
is
a
professional who specializes in analyzing
an organization’s current computer systems
and
procedures,
then
designing
and
implementing new systems and processes to
improve
productivity,
overall performance.
efficiency,
and
Systems Analyst
• The
system
analyst
is
a
person
who
is
thoroughly aware of the system and guides the
system development project by giving proper
directions. He is an expert having technical
and
interpersonal
skills
to
carry
out
development tasks required at each phase.
• He
pursues
to
match
the
objectives
of
information system with the organization goal.
Systems Analyst
• A systems analyst is responsible for studying,
analyzing, and designing information systems
to meet the specific needs of an organization.
• These
professionals
bridge
business
requirements
solutions,
ensuring
the
and
that
the
gap
between
technological
information
systems effectively support and enhance the
overall operations of the organization.
Systems Analyst – Job Title
• Computer systems analysts can go by many
names:
• IT analysts,
• System administrators.
• Cloud systems analyst.
• Systems architects.
• Data Analyst
• Business Systems Analyst
• Programmer Analyst
• Systems Analyst
What Does a Computer Systems
Analyst Do
 Analyzing current systems and procedures:
 Designing new systems and processes:
 Testing and evaluating new technology and
software:
 Collaborating with IT professionals
 Providing training and support
What Does a Computer Systems
Analyst Do
 Requirements Gathering:
 System Design
 Feasibility Studies
 Implementation Planning
 Testing and Quality Assurance
 Support and Maintenance:
 Documentation
 Vendor Coordination
Systems Analyst - Required
skills
Technical Proficiency:
Analytical Thinking:
Problem-Solving:
Communication Skills:
Project Management:
Attention to Detail:
Business Acumen
Systems Analyst - Required
skills
Where Do Systems Analysts
Work:
 Social media companies
 Video-on-demand platforms like Netflix and YouTube
 Cloud service providers
 Banks and other financial institutions
 Educational institutions
 Government agencies
 Insurance companies
 Large manufacturing companies
 Multinational companies such as Coca-Cola
Systems Analyst-Conclusion
Systems
Analyst
ensuring
that
strategic
a
crucial
role
in
information
systems
meet
the
needs
responsibilities
plays
of
an
span
organization.
from
Their
requirements
gathering and system design to implementation,
testing, and maintenance.
With a blend of technical skills, analytical
thinking, and effective communication, Systems