Key Terms
HEALTH
▪ is derived from hal, which means “hale,
sound, whole”
▪ is a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease and infirmity”
(WHO, 1948)
COMMUNITY
▪ a group established by men having shared
values(Aristotle)
▪ a group of people that interact and support
each other, and are bounded by shared
experiences or characteristics, a sense of
belonging, and often by their physical
proximity. (Cobigo et. al., 2016)
COMMUNITY HEALTH
▪ refers to the health status of a defined
group of people and the actions and
conditions, both private and public, to
promote,protect, and preserve their
health.
POPULATION HEALTH
▪ health outcomes of a group of individuals,
including the distribution of such outcomes
within the group.
PUBLIC HEALTH
▪ is the science of protecting and improving
the health of people and their communities.
▪ is the science and art of preventing
disease, prolonging life, and promoting
health through the organized efforts and
informed choices of society, organizations,
public and private communities, and
individuals (CEA Winslow)
WELLNESS
▪ is an integrated method of functioning
which is oriented toward maximizing the
potential of which the individual is capable,
within the environment where he is
functioning. (H. Dunn)
▪ is the active pursuit of activities, choices
and lifestyles that lead to a state of holistic
health. (GWI)
ILLNESS
▪ is a subjective experience of physical and
mental sensations or states. It can be
a progression from a medical condition to
disabling symptoms.
▪ is a the inner sense of an individual’s
feeling unwell.
DISEASE
▪ is an adverse physical state consisting of a
physiological dysfunction within an
individual, as compared to an illness
(psychological awareness of a
disease) or a sickness (a social
state)”. (Cockerham, 1997)
▪ is a pathological process which makes an
individual deviate from his normal state of
being.
Dimensions of Health and Wellness
▪ Social Dimension
- provides the maintenance of pleasant
relationships with other members of the
society in which you live
- it strengthens positive relationships with
friends, family, neighbors, and coworkers, which adds value to your life
▪ Environmental Dimension
- encompasses the awareness of nature,
your atmosphere, and your immediate
surroundings
- respecting the environment means
analyzing the unstable state of the earth
and taking relevant measures to
minimize environmental degradation
▪ Physical Dimension
- refer to any of the aspects that are needed
to keep your body in top condition
- consuming a healthy diet and getting an
adequate amount of exercise to build
cardiovascular health, endurance or
flexibility are essential to this goal.
▪ Occupational Dimension
- contributes to personal satisfaction
through work
- to achieve personal fulfillment through the
chosen career fields while maintaining
balance in life
- it engages you in the contribution to
society positively and usefully.
▪ Spiritual Dimension
- includes a collection of guiding theories,
principles, or values directing your life
▪ Intellectual Dimension
- helps in stimulating creative mental
activities by decoding problems related to
critical thinking, problem-solving, and
adapting to change
▪ Financial Dimension
- is the ability to support meeting basic
needs, which also encompasses
opportunities to save and build wealth.
Social Determinants of Health –
Summary
1. Structural Determinants (Shape social
and economic conditions)
Socio Economic & Political Context
- Governance
- Policies
- Values
- Impact: Unequal distribution of material
and monetary resources
Socioeconomic Position
- Education
- Occupation
- Income
- Gender
- Ethnicity
- Social class
- Impact: Affects exposure, vulnerability,
and health outcomes
2. Intermediary Determinants (Directly
impact health)
- Material Circumstances – Living
conditions, financial stability
- Psychosocial Factors – Stress, social
support, mental health
- Behaviors – Lifestyle choices, habits, diet,
exercise
- Biological Factors – Genetics,
pre-existing conditions
3. Social Cohesion & Social Capital
- Strength of social connections and
community support
- Affects how people experience and
respond to health challenges
4. Health Systems
- Provide medical care but are only one part
of overall health
- Health outcomes depend on broader
social and economic conditions
Key Takeaways
- Health is not just about medical care but
shaped by social and economic factors.
- The relationship between these
determinants is complex and non-linear.
- Addressing health inequalities requires
policy changes and social support systems.