Charles Robert Darwin
(12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist and
geologist , best known for his contributions to evolutionary theory
He established that all species of life have descended over time
from common ancestors
He introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of
evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection ,
in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the
artificial selection involved in selective breeding
Darwin became internationally famous, and
his pre-eminence as a scientist was honored
by burial in Westminster Abbey .
Darwin has been described as one of the
most influential figures in human history .
Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by
Charles Darwin and others, stating that all species of
organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of
small, inherited variations that increase the individual's
ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called
Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts
of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained
general scientific acceptance
when Charles Robert Darwin published On the Origin of
Species, including concepts which predated Darwin's
theories, but subsequently referred to specific concepts of
natural selection, the Weismann barrier or in genetics the
central dogma of molecular biology. Though it usually refers
strictly to biological evolution, the term has been used by
creationists to refer to the origin of life, and has even been
applied to concepts of cosmic evolution, both of which have
no connection to Darwin's work.
Darwin’s Quotes
“If I had my life to live over again, I would have
made a rule to read some poetry and listen to
some music at least once every week.”
“It is not the strongest or the most intelligent
who will survive but those who can best manage
change.”
“One general law, leading to the advancement of
all organic beings, namely, multiply, vary, let the
strongest live and the weakest die.”
“Besides love and sympathy, animals exhibit other
qualities connected with the social instincts which
in us would be called moral.”
“Freedom of thought is best promoted by the
gradual illumination of men’s minds which follows
from the advance of science.”
A list Of Articles And There Authors , That Are Relative to
the subject
A list Of Articles And There Authors , That
Are Relative to The Darwinism And
Business Management
1 - Darwinism, Organizational Evolution, and Survival
Track Chairs
2 - How Darwinian is cultural evolution?
Nicolas Claidie`re , Thomas C. Scott-Phillips and Dan Sperber
3 - THE DARWINIAN THEORY OF HUMAN CULTURAL VOLUTION AND
GENE–CULTURE COEVOLUTION
Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd
4 - Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
5 - FIRM TRANSFORMATION : ADVANCING A DARWINIAN PERSPECTIVE
Colin Jones
6 - Darwin’s invisible hand: Market competition, evolution and the firm
Dominic D.P. Johnsona , Michael E. Priceb , Mark Van Vugtc
7 - Generalized Darwinism From the Bottom Up : An Evolutionary View of SocioEconomic Behavior and Organization
J.W. Stoelhorst
8 - Organizational Darwinism and research methodology
PRICE, Ilfryn
9 - Quasi-Darwinian Selection in Marketing Relationships
Nermin Eyuboglu & Andreas Buja
10 - Darwinism, behavioral genetics, and organizational behavior : a review and
agenda for future research
REMUS ILIES , RICHARD D. ARVEY , AND THOMAS J. BOUCHARD, Jr.
11 - Management from the perspective of Darwinism
Lukas Sulkowski
12 - Darwinism, probability and complexity : market- based organizational
transformation and change explained through the theories of evolution
Tanya Sammut-Bonnici and Robin Wensley
13 - Darwinism - A new paradigm for organizational behavior?
NIGEL NICHOLSON AND ROD WHITE
14 - Worldviews: A Darwinian View of Human Decision-Making
David L. Alles
Darwinism, Organizational Evolution, and Survival
Track Chairs
Prof. Roberto Cafferata
THE DARWINIAN THEORY OF HUMAN CULTURAL
VOLUTION AND GENE–CULTURE COEVOLUTION
Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd
Organizational Darwinism and research
methodology
PRICE, Ilfryn
Quasi-Darwinian Selection in Marketing
Relationships
Nermin Eyuboglu & Andreas Buja
Management from the perspective of Darwinism
Lukas Sulkowski
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary
Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
Darwinism, Organizational Evolution, and Survival
Track Chairs
How do organizations evolve? How do they adapt to environmental
pressures? What resources and capabilities determine their survival
within dynamic competition?
 Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species (1859) has been a catalyst
publication in the development of management literature on
organizational evolution Although the contribution of Darwinism to
our understanding of how firms evolve remains controversial to date .
 how can we explain corporate ‘involution’ (i.e. organizational
decline, crisis and failure)? It is evident that if we reach no theoretical
consensus regarding the understanding of how and why successful
selecting in processes occur, we cannot achieve any consensus
explanation on selecting out processes .
Darwinism, Organizational Evolution, and Survival
Track Chairs
Adopting evolutionary and/or co-evolutionary approaches for the
understanding of organizational change and its environmental fit .
 understanding the determinants of organizational survival or failure,
with a particular focus on those survival processes based on
differentiation, pre-adaptation and exaptation .
 capturing the determinants of organizational path dependence, with
a particular focus on its relationship with the Darwinian principle of
heredity .
 capturing the determinants of organizational birth, with a particular
focus on the liabilities of age and size .
 grasping the relationship between organizational survival and
evolution and how this relates to other fields, such as
entrepreneurship, technological innovation and organizational
ambidexterity.
THE DARWINIAN THEORY OF HUMAN CULTURAL
VOLUTION AND GENE–CULTURE COEVOLUTION
Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd
 Darwin realized that his theory could have no principled exception for
Humans
 Darwin apparently hoped someone else would apply Darwinism to
the origin of humans , Lyell (1863), Huxley (1863), and Wallace (1864,
1869) all wrote on the subject, but their work was unsatisfactory
because all three had reservations about a selectionist account of
human mental evolution.
 Darwin eventually wrote The Descent of Man, a rich and
sophisticated treatment of evolution, even by contemporary standards
 This essay is an attempt to understand what sort of theory of human
cultural evolution Darwin proposed in The Descent of Man clearly, he
lacked important theoretical tools, especially genetics .
Organizational Darwinism and research methodology
PRICE, Ilfryn
The Writer argue that research methodologies in organizational studies
provide an example of cultural evolution but that the resulting
dominant logic impedes understanding by militating against realistic
inductive research.
 He examined major 'schools' in organizational Darwinism / cultural
evolution and identify overlap between those who use evolutionary
dynamics as a relativist lens .
 then he took Darwin's inductive assembly of facts and test existing
research that has used an evolutionary perspective against the various
strands of his "one long argument“ .
Organizational Darwinism and research methodology
PRICE, Ilfryn
 This paper starts by looking at the current diversity of research
methods in organizational studies and the critics of same .
 Switching perspectives the paper then examines OD against current
research methodology and attempts to 'map' different perspectives
 Finally it goes back to The Origin and examines OD's arguments
against the range of 'fact types' accumulated by Darwin .
 The resulting observations begin an argument for inductive
but empirical research capable of yielding realistic evidence.
Quasi-Darwinian Selection in Marketing Relationships
Nermin Eyuboglu & Andreas Buja
 This article introduces quasi-Darwinian selection as a new
explanatory paradigm for marketing relationships.
 Established relationships are viewed as survivors of a selection
process whose parameters are the conduct of the partners .
 Selection has the effect of culling certain combinations of these
parameters, such as attempts at unilateral control when the partner is
not dependent
 This study shows that quasi-Darwinian selection may sometimes be
the more correct explanation of an observed association.
Quasi-Darwinian Selection in Marketing Relationships
Nermin Eyuboglu & Andreas Buja
The quasi- Darwinian framework applies to any type of marketing
relationships in the business-to-business and business-to consumer markets.
Examples include all relationships in the supply chain, relationships between
service providers and customers, and relationships between sales
representatives and customers .
 Risk and failure in marketing relationships are of managerial interest, but
they are also of theoretical importance because they lend themselves as a
bridge to the paradigm of Darwinian selection.
Casting failure as selection opens up the toolbox of Darwinian theory that, in
addition to selection, includes the concepts of variation, survival, and
adaptation.
Management from the perspective of Darwinism
Lukas Sulkowski
 Darwin’s theory of evolution is a fundamental and established
philosophy and methodology of the biological sciences, which
deserves to be called a paradigm.
 Early attempts to use the paradigm in the social sciences, however,
were not successful. In the 19th century
 In the 20th century, indignation finally met the social interpretations
of Wilson’s sociobiology, which led to the reduction of humanities and
the social sciences to genetic and biological bases.
 the incredibly dynamic development of the empirical research
based on the evolutionary paradigm, which helps explain many
complex behaviours of organisms, including people, it is worthwhile
giving Darwinism a second chance in the social sciences
Management from the perspective of Darwinism
Lukas Sulkowski
 By combining experience in research on human behaviour of social
and humanist disciplines, with the evolutionary paradigm and
modern methods of brain examination, it is possible to significantly
dynamise research in the social sciences
 From the point of view of the management sciences, it might seem
that research on the evolutionary trend is very distant from
organizational problems. Closer analysis, however, shows that
accepting evolutionary explanations affects the functioning of all
sciences devoted to human behaviour (behavioural sciences).
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the
Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the
Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
The metaphor of Darwinism has been extensively
researched and analyzed in many other research
disciplines. The usage of the biological metaphor of
“Darwinism” in IT related headlines is documented and
reviewed. The use of the Darwinian metaphor in business
studies has changed from its usage by Veblen and Stamp
as a descriptor for the scientific method.
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
More recently its meaning has been transformed to
synonymy with the “struggle for existence”. The use of this
metaphor in IT carries with it a reassurance, which can
endanger consumer requirements for performance and
accountability.
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
It is the objective of this review to identify how one particular
metaphor, that of Darwinism, is invoked in IT related
businesses.
This documents the change in the use of the Darwinian metaphor in
business studies from its usage by Veblen and Stamp, as an exemplar
of the scientific method, to synonymy with the “struggle for
existence”.
It is suggested that the use of this metaphor in IT businesses carries
with it a reassurance which can endanger consumer requirements
for performance and
accountability.
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
THE METAPHOR OF DARWINISM :
 In research on the use of metaphor, evolutionary metaphors have
attracted much attention.
 The indiscriminate use of evolutionary and biological metaphors has
been found in every political persuasion, and with a diverse range of
ideological affiliations
 An example of the changing meaning is provided later in this paper
in discussion of the meaning of the Darwinism invoked by Thorstein
Veblen and Edward Stamp. In this case, it was a metaphor for the
scientific method, rather than the struggle for existence. Thus the
translation of meaning can occur even within the area of business
studies.
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
To further focus your attention, and to show the Telecom invocation
cannot be viewed as an isolated example, permit me to illustrate with
a series of IT related headlines:
 Darwinism On Wall Street
 Dotcom Darwinism.
 The age of Digital Darwinism, those who would survive seek their
predators.
 Computer Darwinism .
 A digital Darwinism thins the numbers of online toy and craft stores.
 Profits, Darwinism, and the Internet Justin Fox.
 Silicon Darwinism claims another victim.
 Digital Darwinism: Seven Breakthrough Business Strategies for
Surviving in the Cut throat Web Economy
 Darwinism determines technological survivors.
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
Such examples suggest that the manner in which the IT domain
accounts for its experience of success and failure, and survival
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
DARWINISM
LAMARCKISM
SOCIAL DARWINISM
There has been much scholarship concerning the distinction between
Darwinist, Lamarckian, and Social Darwinist theories.
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
DARWINISM: A METAPHOR FOR THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
A BIOLOGICAL METAPHOR IN AN UNNATURAL DOMAIN ?
DARWINISM: A METAPHOR FOR THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
If the IT industry was to demonstrate to its customers and the
government that it operated and succeeded in open competition,
this provides the critically important reassurance to customers that
the existence of the firm was itself proof of efficiency and optimality.
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
CONCLUSION
At the start of last century the metaphor of Darwinism was
understood to be the hallmark of a scientific method. The
idea that that business, human artefacts, and institutions
should show adaptive behaviour in the manner of the
earthworm or the barnacle was Social Darwinism or
Lamarckism
Does Darwin Belong in Business?
The Danger and Comfort of the Evolutionary Metaphor
Rachel F. Baskerville and Winnie O’Grady
… CONCLUSION
At the end of the century the metaphor of Darwinism is the
rubric of the struggle for existence, of cultural or social
evolutionary processes far removed from the manner in
which Darwinism was developed in the biological sciences.
Based on differential survival of the most fit, it is observed
that those cultures, human artefacts, or social processes
that survive show essential characteristics of fitness.
Thank
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