Lesson One: Nouns 1. Definition: Nouns name people, animals, places, things, or ideas. (İsim, bir kişi, yer, hayvan, nesne veya fikri adlandıran kelimedir.) Example: -People: man, Ahmad, doctor -Animals: cat, horse, cow -Places: Kuwait, Paris, bedroom -Things: pen, shoe, car -Ideas: kindness, thought, hope 2. Plural Formation a. Generally, the plural form of nouns is formed simply by adding the letter “s” to the end of the word. Example: Singular Plural cat cats bag bags bird birds student students pencil pencils river rivers Note: * If the noun ends in s, ch, sh, x, z, we add “es” to the end. Ex: box boxes 1 bus buses match matches *With the nouns ending in a consonant + y, we remove y and add “ies” to the noun. Ex: baby babies story stories b. Irregular Nouns: Singular Plural man men woman women child children tooth teeth foot feet goose geese mouse mice knife knives wife wives life lives leaf leaves person people 2 Exercise: A. Write the plural or singular form of the following words: Singular Plural window ………………… dentist ………………… fax ………………… …………………… people wife …………………. ………………….. mice wish ………………… family …………………. ………………….. lives …………………… children ………………….. parties day ………………. house ………………. …………………….. tables ………………… engineers fox …………. ……………….. women Muslim ……………….. 3 Lesson Tow: Articles There are two articles in English: indefinite and definite. 1. Indefinite Articles: a, an or (nothing) The indefinite articles are used before nonspecific nouns. * We use “a” with a singular noun beginning with a consonant sound. EX: a bicycle, a car, a dog, a man, a hospital *We use “an” with a singular noun beginning with a vowel sound. EX: an airport, an egg, an orphan, an umbrella, an idiot, an hour *We use no article before plural nonspecific nouns EX: bicycles, children, men, orphans, hours 2. Definite Article: the The definite article is used before specific nouns. *We use “the” to indicate singular and plural specific nous. EX: the bus, the buses. the child, the children. the car, the cars. Chart Singular Plural Specific and particular the the Nonspecific, general a / an nothing Exercise A. Use the correct article before the following nouns: 1. ___ men (a / an / the) 2. ___ chair (an / an ) 3. ___ university (a / an) 4. ____ house (nonspecific) 5. ___ computers (nonspecific) 6. ___ pharmacy (specific) 7. ____ shops (specific) 8. _____ girl (nonspecific) 9. _____ knives (specific) 10. _____ ant (nonspecific) 4 B. Change the nouns in the following sentences into plural and change the verb form if needed: 1. The window is closed. _________________________ 2. The policeman is intelligent. ___________________________ 3. a tiger is an animal. ___________________________ 4. The woman is the wife the actor. ____________________________ C. Arrange the words to make a meaningful sentence. 1. houses / are / the / expensive _________________________ 2. not / kind / John / is ________________________ 3. creature / a / is / snake / a _____________________________ 4. an / is / Ali / ? / accountant _____________________________ 5. journalist / am / a / I _______________________________ 5 Present Simple Tense (Geniş Zaman) Verb "To Have" The verb "to have" is used to show possession (sahiplik). Affirmative form (Olumlu Hali) Subject Verb I / you / we / they/ plural have he / she / it/ singular has . Example: I have a car. She has a cat. They have a big house Negative Form (olmusuz hali) Subject Verb I / you / we / they/ plural do not (don’t) + have he / she / it/ singular Does not (doesn’t) + have Example: She doesn’t have a phone. We don’t have time. Question Form (Soru Hali) Aux Subject Verb Do I / you / we / they/ plural Does He / she/ it/ singular Example: Do you have a car? Does he have a dog? 6 have
