NEED ASSESSMENT
REPORT
MARCH 2024
Royal Heritage Health
Foundation
SUPPORTED BY:
Supertouch Kindness
Foundation
CONTENTS
Acronyms ................................................................................................................................... 2
List of Figure.............................................................................................................................. 2
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 3
Objective .................................................................................................................................... 3
Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 3
Result Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 4
Key Findings and Conclusion .................................................................................................. 10
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 11
Annex 1 .................................................................................................................................... 11
Annex 2 .................................................................................................................................... 12
1 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community Based
Action Team (COMBAT)
ACRONYMS
NHF – NIGERIAN HUMANITARIAN FUND
RHHF – ROYAL HERITAGE HEALTH FOUNDATION
SKF – SUPERTOUCH KINDNESS FOUNDATION
PWD – PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES/PERSONS WITHOUT DISABILITY
SRH – SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
List of Figure
Figure 1: Gender Distribution
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4
Figure 2: Participants per LGA
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4
Figure 3: Age Distribution
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4
Figure 4: Types of GBV Experience -
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6
Figure 5: Awareness of GBV experience by Children
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7
Figure 6: Count of participant that seek help -
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7
Figure 7: Community Treatment
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8
Figure 8: Challenges in Accessing support to GBV -
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Figure 9: Types of Challenges/Barriers
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9
Figure 10: Request for Reasonable Accommodation -
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10
Figure 11: Barriers to reasonable accommodations -
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11
Figure 12: percent who received Empowerment Training
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11
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8
2 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community Based
Action Team (COMBAT)
A. Executive summary
Royal Heritage Health Foundation (RHHF) and Supertouch Kindness Foundation (SKF) with
support from Nigeria Humanitarian Fund is implementing a project on Strengthening Disability
Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community-Based Action
Team (COMBAT) across Michika, Hong and Mubi north to which a needs Assessment was
conducted on protection and SRH needs faced by persons with Disabilities.
The assessment involved the training of 15 data enumerators and 15 sign language interpreters
and gathered information through Key Informant Interviews (KII) with 377 respondents across
the LGAs. Key findings included a high prevalence of GBV, with 30.25% experiencing
physical violence, 28% facing emotional/psychological abuse, 23.24% encountering sexual
violence, and 16.23% suffering economic abuse. Significant barriers to accessing support
services were identified, such as financial, physical, communication, and attitudinal challenges.
Despite some positive community treatment, 42.2% of respondents from Hong, 28.16% from
Michika, and 29.61% from Mubi North reported facing neglect and disrespect. The assessment
highlighted the urgent need for inclusive, targeted strategies to support individuals with
disabilities, especially women and girls, ensuring they can access necessary services and fully
participate in their communities.
B. Objectives
The objectives of the assessment were:

To identify the specific challenges faced by individuals with disabilities in the context
of GBV or Protection in Hong, Michika and Mubi North LGAs of Adamawa state.

To Provide evidence-based recommendations to inform policies and practices that will
promote safety and inclusion for individuals with disabilities in Hong, Michika and
Mubi North LGAs of Adamawa state.
C. Methodology
Thirty (30) enumerators conducted the needs assessment and employed both quantitative and
qualitative methods including in-depth individual interviews through questionnaires on Kobo
Collect using local languages.
3 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community Based
Action Team (COMBAT)
Target Audience
The target audience included Men and Women of reproductive age (18-59 years) (10 females
and 20 males) with or without Disabilities from the diverse form of population group including
IDPs, Returnees, and Host communities.
D. Result Analysis

Socio-Demographics
The chart below reveals a slightly higher representation of males 201 (53.3%) compared to
females 176 (46.7%) across the 3 targeted LGAs. The majority fall within age group 25-59yrs
(69%), with significant numbers also in 18-24 years (17%) and 14% respondents are within the
age group 60 years and above. However, based on the LGAs reached, Hong has 126 (33.4%)
respondents, likewise Michika 126 (33.4%) while Mubi North as the least respondents of 125
(33.2%).
Respondents reached
per LGA
GENDER DISTRIBUTION OF
THE RESPONDENTS
201
33%
176
Hong
34%
Mubi North
Michika
33%
Male
Female
Fig 1
Fig 2
Age Distribution of
theRespondents
300
259
250
200
18-24
150
25-59
100
66
52
60 & Above
50
0
Fig 3
4 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community Based
Action Team (COMBAT)

Level of difficulties
The table below shows a significant disparities in the prevalence and severity of difficulties
experienced across various domains of disabilities among the 377 respondents. However,
majority of the respondents reported no difficulty with communication (83.3%), memory or
concentration (75.1%), and hearing (73.5%). Although, a substantial number of the respondents
for instance, 33.42% have a lot of difficulty walking or climbing steps, 28.64% experiencing
some difficulty in self-care while 8.5% and 12.5 experienced difficulty in hearing and seeing.
Difficulty Domain
Communicating
(understanding/being
understood)
Self-care (washing all
over or dressing)
Remembering
or
concentrating
Walking or climbing
steps
Hearing (even if using
a hearing aid)
Seeing
(even
if
wearing glasses)
Cannot
do at all
1.0% (4)
No
difficulty
83.3%
(314)
Some
difficulty
11.7% (44)
A lot of Total
difficulty
4% (15)
100%
(377)
4.24%
(16)
0.3% (1)
58.09%
(219)
75.1%
(283)
46.68%
(176)
73.5%
(277)
65.0%
(245)
28.64%
(108)
18.8% (71)
9.01% (34)
16.18%
(61)
9.8% (37)
33.42%
(126)
8.5% (32)
16.7% (63)
12.5% (47)
3.71%
(14)
8.2% (31)
5.8% (22)
5.8% (22)
100%
(377)
100%
(377)
100%
(377)
100%
(377)
100%
(377)
Table 1: Percentage Level of Difficulties

Prevalence and Types of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Experienced
The Fig 4 below reveals that out of 377 respondents, 271 respondents mentioned experiencing
or knowing someone who experienced GBV. Hence, physical violence was stated by 82
respondents which is higher compared to emotional/psychological abuse stated by 76
respondents, sexual violence (Rape and sexual assault) was mentioned by 63 respondents,
denial of resources was stated by 44 respondents and 6 mentioned early/forced marriage
respectively. The assessment conducted across the 3 LGAs highlighted a prevalence of GenderBased Violence (GBV) within the communities.
5 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community Based
Action Team (COMBAT)
Forms of GBV highlighted
by Respondents
82
76
63
44
6
Fig 4

Awareness of GBV experienced by Children
The chart below illustrated that out of a total number of 377 respondents reached during the
assessment, 91(24.12%) gave a positive response of being aware of GBV incidents while 286
(75.86%) respondents indicated no awareness. This indicates a significant proportion of
respondents have been aware of instances where children, girls, boys, men, and women with
disabilities have experienced GBV. Furthermore, from the respondents assessed across the
three implementing LGAs, 268 (71.09%) stated that those that experienced GBV have not
sought help or support compared to 109 (28.91%) respondents that stated that the survivors
sought for help
Disaggregation of respondents
aware of GBV experiences and
respondents who are not aware
of GBV experiences
24%
Yes
No
76%
Fig 5
Number of respondent that
have/know people that have ever
sought help or support after
experiencing GBV
29%
71%
GBV
survivors
that
couldn’t
sought for
help
Fig 6
6 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community Based
Action Team (COMBAT)

Community Treatment for PWDs
The chart reveals a majority, approximately 62.5%, of respondents feel positively about their
treatment, reporting that they are treated well and with respect. However, a significant
percentage of 31.3% of respondents expressed dissatisfaction, highlighting issues such as
neglect, disrespect, and lack of care, followed by 6.2% who ascribed mixed feedback,
indicating that their treatment varies.
Communtiy Treatment of Persons with
Disbilities
6%
Satisfied
31%
63%
unsatisfied
Mixed
Fig 7

GBV Support services for PWDs
Across the 3 Local Government Areas—Hong, Michika, and Mubi North—participants who
identified as PWD were asked if they or anyone they know has encountered challenges in
accessing support services related to Gender-Based Violence (GBV). It was revealed that out
of 377 respondents, 102 (27.1%) known persons encountered challenges, while 275 (72.94%)
are aware of people that did not face any issues which is represented in the chart below;
Count of Have you/Do you know anyone that
has encountered any challenges in accessing
support services related to GBV?
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
No
Yes
Fig 8
7 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community Based
Action Team (COMBAT)

Types of Challenges/barriers encountered for accessing GBV/SRH services
The respondents that have tried accessing services related to gender-based violence (GBV) the
bar chart below reveals that the most common barriers encountered are financial barriers
reported 37 times, followed by physical barriers accumulating 26.
Financial barriers include constraints related to the cost of transportation and lack of funds.
Physical barriers involve difficulties in climbing steps, lack of ramps, and general
inaccessibility to structures. Communication barriers mentioned 21 times involve issues like
the lack of sign language interpreters and difficulties in understanding sign language.
Attitudinal barriers amass 29 mention which highlight discrimination from service providers
and a general unwillingness to accommodate individuals with specific needs. Systemic barriers
and other reasons took up 7 mentions respectively, it involve challenges in accessing
government facilities and hospitals, among others.
Types of Challenges/Barrier encountered
37
40
35
29
30
26
25
21
20
15
7
10
7
5
0
Attitudinal barriers Communication
barriers
Financial barriers
Other (please
specify)
Physical barriers
Systemic barriers
Fig 9

Accessibility/Reasonable Accommodation for PWDs
From the assessment conducted, the chart below indicates that 47 (31.8) out of 148 Persons
with disability respondents have not requested reasonable accommodations to facilitate their
participation in accessing necessary facilities, employment, or other activities. In contrast, 101
(68.2) respondents reported that they have requested such accommodations.
8 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community Based
Action Team (COMBAT)
DISAGGREGATION OF
RESPONDENTS THAT REQUESTED
FOR REASONABLE
ACCOMODATIONS
32%
Yes
No
68%
Fig 10
As shown in the chart below the responses highlight several key barriers preventing individuals
from accessing available accommodations. The most frequently cited reason is lack of
awareness about the accommodations that are available (according to 89 respondents),
indicating a significant gap in knowledge dissemination. Fear of discrimination or stigma
(according to 30 respondents) also plays a substantial role, reflecting concerns about societal
perceptions. Also, uncertainty about the process for requesting accommodations (according to
19 respondents) and financial constraints (according to 5 respondents)were noted as significant
obstacles. A smaller number of respondents mentioned a belief that accommodations would not
be provided or would be inadequate (according to 5 respondents)
Barriers to
reasonsable
accomodation
Financial constraints
Belief that…
Fear of discrimination…
Uncertainty about the…
Lack of awareness…
0
20
40
60
80
100
Fig 11
9 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community Based
Action Team (COMBAT)

Empowerment
From the assessment, the majority of the respondents 114 (77%) reported that empowerment
(including Economic, Vocational training etc) is limited/not available in most of the
communities In the figure below survey on empowerment reveal that 77% of respondents have
not received such training, indicating a significant gap in the availability or accessibility of
these programs. However, 34 (23%) reported having access to vocational training, highlighting
that while some programs are in place, they are not sufficiently reaching the majority of the
target population.
Availablity of Empowerment
23%
Yes
No
77%
Fig 12
E. Key Findings and Conclusion

High Prevalence and Impact of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Among Individuals with
Disabilities:
The survey revealed a significant incidence of GBV among individuals with disabilities, with
physical violence being the most reported type, then emotional/psychological abuse, sexual
violence, and economic abuse. Despite the high prevalence, many affected individuals did not
seek help due to lack of awareness, fear of stigma, financial constraints, and cultural norms.

Barriers to Accessing GBV Support Services and Community Inclusion:
Individuals with disabilities face multiple barriers in accessing GBV support services,
including financial, physical, communication, and attitudinal challenges. Additionally, while a
10 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
majority report positive community treatment, a significant portion experiences neglect and
disrespect, highlighting the need for improved societal attitudes and support systems.

Gaps in Vocational Training, Empowerment, and Reasonable Accommodation
Requests:
There is a notable gap in the availability and accessibility of vocational training programs for
individuals with disabilities, with many not receiving any training. Furthermore, a significant
majority have not requested reasonable accommodations due to lack of awareness, fear of
discrimination, and doubts about the adequacy of such accommodations.
F. Conclusion
The need assesssment will help to provide a crucial foundation for developing effective,
responsive programs that ensure individuals with disabilities, particularly women and girls, to
access the support they need and participate fully in their communities, furthermore, it enhance
understanding of community challenges and opportunities enabling informed decision-making,
and fostering collaborative efforts to enhance overall community well-being.
G. ANNEX I
The Washington Group (WG) Short Set is a set of questions designed to identify people with
functional limitations. The tool can be rapidly and easily deployed in a variety of settings.
The six Washington Group short set Questions are:
Do you have difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses?
Do you have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?
Do you have difficulty walking or climbing steps?
Do you have difficulty remembering or concentrating?
Do you have difficulty with self-care such as washing all over or dressing?
Using your usual (customary) language, do you have difficulty communicating, for
example understanding or being understood?
Answers:
No - no difficulty
Yes – some difficulty
11 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
Yes – a lot of difficulty
Cannot do at all
H. ANNEX II
1. Pictures
2. Needs assessment tool
Project Officer (Daniel Hassan) facilitating a session on Disability Inclusion during the
training of Data Enumerators
12 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
Left to Right: Data enumerators administering questionnaires to some respondents at Michika
1 in Michika LGA.
One of the data enumerators administering the questionnaire to a respondent at Wuro Gulde
Mubi North.
13 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
Cross-section of some of the data enumerators and sign language interpreters at COE junction
Hong LGA
Need assessment for Strengthening Disability
InclusionGBV Responses, Mitigation and SRH services
through
Community Based Action Team (COMBAT) in Michika,
Mubi North and Hong LGAs of Adamawa State
My name is __, representing the SUPERTOUCH KINDNESS FOUNDATION. We are
embarking on a vital initiative titled
"Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses, Mitigation, and SRH Services
through Community Based Action Team (COMBAT) in Michika, Mubi North, and
Hong LGAs of Adamawa State." As part of this endeavour, we are committed to
understanding the unique challenges encountered by individuals with disabilities,
particularly in the context of Gender-Based Violence (GBV). Our primary objective is
to gain insights into the multifaceted issues faced by persons with disabilities within
these communities. The collected data will enable us to delineate the prevalence of
GBV among individuals with disabilities and identify their specific needs. We
acknowledge the critical importance of your perspectives and experiences in shaping
our intervention. Your insights will greatly enhance our ability to formulate effective
strategies and provide targeted support where it is most needed. It's important to
note that your participation in this interview is entirely voluntary. We assure you that
any information shared will be treated with the utmost confidentiality. While we
cannot offer material incentives for your involvement, we deeply value your time and
contributions to this assessment. You are free not to take part. We cannot give you
anything for taking part but I would greatly value your time and responses. Also, you
14 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
can stop the interview at any time. Do you have any questions? Would you like to be
interviewed?
INTRODUCTION
Yes
No
Enumerator's name:
LGA:
M
i
c
h
i
k
a
H
o
n
g
Mubi North
Community:
Record your current location
15 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
Demographic Information
Gender
Male
Female
Age:
18-24 years old
25-59 years old
60 and above
Disability Status
Do you identify as a person with disability?
Yes
No
If yes, please specify the type(s) of disability you have?
16 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
Physical disability
Sensory disability (e.g., vision impairment, hearing impairment)
Intellectual disability
Psychosocial disability (e.g., mental health condition)
Other (please specify)
Other
Do you have difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses?
No - no difficulty
Yes – some difficulty
Yes – a lot of difficulty
Cannot do at all
Do you have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?
No - no difficulty
Yes – some difficulty
Yes – a lot of difficulty
Cannot do at all
Do you have difficulty walking or climbing steps?
No - no difficulty
Yes – some difficulty
Yes – a lot of difficulty
Cannot do at all
Do you have difficulty remembering or concentrating?
No - no difficulty
Yes – some difficulty
Yes – a lot of difficulty
Cannot do at all
Do you have difficulty with self-care such as washing all over or dressing?
17 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
No - no difficulty
Yes – some difficulty
Yes – a lot of difficulty
Cannot do at all
Using your usual (customary) language, do you have difficulty communicating, for example understanding or
being understood?
No - no difficulty
Yes – some difficulty
Yes – a lot of difficulty
Cannot do at all
Experience with GBV
Have you/Do you know anyone that has ever experienced any form of Gender-Based Violence
(GBV)? Yes
No
If yes, please indicate the type(s)
Physical violence (e.g., hitting, punching)
Sexual violence (e.g., rape, sexual assault)
Emotional/psychological abuse
Economic abuse (e.g., financial control)
Other (please specify)
Others?
Are you aware of children, girls, boys, men and women with disabilities who have experience any form of
exploitation? Yes
No
If Yes can you describe the experience?
How frequently have you/or the person experienced GBV in the past year?
18 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
Once
A few times
Regularly
I prefer not to say
can you described the most recent incident of GBV experienced?
Open-ended question, ensuring privacy and sensitivity
Where did the incidents of GBV occur?
Multiple responses allowed
Home
Workplace
School
Public Spaces (e.g. Streets, parks)
Social
Gathering/e
vents
Healthcare
settings
others
(Please
specify)
Others
Have you/the person ever sought help or support after
experiencing GBV? Yes
No
If no, what were the reasons for not reporting or seeking help?
(Open-ended question)
If yes, where did you seek help or support?
(Multiple responses allowed)
19 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
Police/law enforcement
Healthcare services
Social services/welfare agencies
Community-based organizations
Family/friends
Other
(please specify)
Others
How satisfied were you with the response and support received from the authorities or support services?
Very satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
No, I did not seek help/report the incident
How do people in your community treat you or people with disabilities?
Challenges Faced in Accessing Support Services
Have you/Do you know anyone that has encountered any challenges in accessing support services related to
GBV? Yes
No
If yes, Kindly tick the one that applies
20 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
Physical barriers (e.g., inaccessible buildings, lack of ramps or elevators)
Communication barriers (e.g., lack of sign language interpreters, limited availability of information in accessible
formats)
Attitudinal barriers (e.g., stigma, discrimination, lack of understanding of disability-related needs)
Financial barriers (e.g., inability to afford transportation to support services, lack of financial resources to access
services)
Systemic barriers (e.g., inadequate policies, regulations, or laws protecting the rights of individuals with
disabilities)
Other
(please specify)
others
Do you feel that support services for survivors of GBV adequately address the needs of individuals with
disabilities? Yes
No
Not Sure
Accessibility Experiences
In accessing the services, Have you/or anyone encounter barriers to accessing physical environments, facilities,
or transportation?
Yes
No
If yes, please specify the types of barriers you encounter:
Have you/someone with PWD encountered challenges in accessing information or
communication? Yes
No
If yes, please specify the types of challenges you face:
Have you ever heard or participated in any awareness raising on GBV?
21 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
Yes
No
How would you rate the quality of the GBV information you were
given? Excellent
Good
Average
Poor
Were you reached in a language you understand?
Yes
No
Experience with Reasonable Accommodations
Have you ever requested reasonable accommodations to facilitate your participation in accessing the necessary
facilities, employment, or other activities?
Y
e
s
N
o
If yes, please specify the types of accommodations requested and whether they were provided satisfactorily:
If you have not requested reasonable accommodations in the past, what were the reasons for not doing so?
Lack of awareness about available accommodations
Fear of discrimination or stigma
Uncertainty about the process for requesting accommodations
Financial constraints
Belief that accommodations would not be provided or would be inadequate
Other (please specify)
22 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
Economic Empowerment
Have you received any vocational training or skill-building opportunities tailored to persons with
disabilities? Yes
No
If yes, please indicate the training you received?
Vocational training programs attended.
Workshops or seminars on entrepreneurship
Skill-building courses or certifications
On-the-job training experiences
What skills or training would you like to acquire to help you secure a job?
Technical skills (e.g., computer proficiency, vocational training)
Entrepreneurial skills (e.g., business management, marketing)
Specific trade or profession-related skills (e.g., carpentry, tailoring, catering)
Other skills or training needs (please specify)
Other skills
name the skills
you will like to
aquire
Have you considered starting your own business or entrepreneurial
venture? Yes
No
If yes, what type of business do you envision starting?
Retail business (e.g., grocery store, clothing boutique)
Food-related business (e.g., restaurant, bakery)
Service-based business (e.g., tutoring, cleaning services)
Craft or artisanal business (e.g., jewelry making, pottery)
Technology-based business (e.g., app development, IT services)
Other business ideas (please specify)
others
Please specify
23 | Strengthening Disability Inclusion-GBV Responses Mitigation and SRH services through Community
Based Action Team (COMBAT)
Are there any challenges or barrier you forsee in aquiring these skills and how can it be addressed proactively?
Recommendation and Comments
What improvement do you think could be made to support services to better meet the needs of individuals with
disabilities who have experienced GBV?
opened ended question
Is there anything else you would like to share about your experiences or suggestions for addressing GBV among
individuals with disabilities?
Open ended question
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Based Action Team (COMBAT)