Matter and material
(page 127-204 in doc Scientia)
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
ATOMS
• Smallest particles of matter of which
matter is made of.
• /Building blocks of matter.
• Smallest particles of matter of which
matter is made of.
• /Building blocks of matter.
• About 5 000 000 000 000 000 000 =5 ×
1012 of them would fit inside the full
stop at the end of this sentence.
• They are made of smaller particles
called sub-atomic particles.
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
•
There are 3 types of subatomic particle : protons, neutrons and electrons.
•
Electrons are found in the electron cloud/orbital which surrounds the
nucleus of an atom.
•
Electron cloud/ electron orbital consist of electron shells with specific
energy level.
•
Particles in the nucleus are called nucleons.
•
Nucleons make up the atomic mass,
•
Atomic mass = atomic number + neutron number.
•
The electrons are 1840 times < than a proton mass, does not contribute to
atomic mass.
•
Neutrally charged atoms have the number electron being equals to the
number of protons.
•
Electrons are responsible for the volume of the atoms and nucleons are
responsible for the mass of an atom.
Elements
•
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into two or
more substances by chemical means (An element cannot be
changed into another element by means of a chemical reaction).
•
An element is made up of atoms of the same kind.
•
Some elements occur naturally as diatomic elements.
•
Which one are those?
•
Hydrogen , nitrogen, oxygen ,chlorine , Bromine , iodine and fluorine.
•
Elements with two atoms of the same type of atoms are called
diatomic.
•
Elements with only one atoms are called monoatomic.
Elements and the
periodic table
• Elements are placed in order of the basis of
the number of protons in the nucleus e.g
oxygen has 8 protons and sodium has 11
protons.
• Elements are placed vertically in groups
according to the number of electrons in
the outermost of the energy levels' all
element. E.g all elements in group 4(IV)
have 4 electrons in their outermost
shells/energy , in group two the have 2
electrons.
• Elements are placed in horizontal
rows(periods) on the energy level of which
the outer most electrons are found.
Elements and the
periodic table
Activities
• Activity 1(pair activity) :
Using the link below; let us build element 1,3,7 and 10
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-atom
• Activity 2( Exercise 9,page129 -130)