LEARNING OUTCOMES: Students will be able to ….
1) define concepts or objects using relative clause.
2) make sentences using defining relative clause without any support.
3) translate relative clause including sentences from Turkish to English or visa verse.
4) describe a photo using defining relative clause.
MAKING DEFINITION
A) Work with your friend, read the following and guess what they are.
1. A kind of book which explains unknown words.
2. A dish which originated from Italy and now popular all around the world.
3. A place where people can do sports.
4. Someone who does not believe in god.
5. A vehicle which travels in the air and carries about 200 people at the same time.
6. A tool which we use to open wine bottles.
7. An animal which has big ears
8. A city where they speak French
9. A person whose job is to help people learn new skills and information.
10. Someone who puts out fires and rescues people.
B) Study the following rules before you try to make your definitions

When making definition we use Present Simple

When making definition we must follow the order given below
The Word
to be
General Class
Relative Pronoun
Specific Feature
Always use A/AN
for countables
am/is/are
a person
Who
a tool
Which
The feature that is specific
only to that thing or person
someone
Where
something
When
a device
That
a kind of food
Whose
a kind of drink
vehicle
book
A doctor
is
a person
who
cures people.
A restaurant
is
a place
………….
people eat and pay.
A corkscrew
bottles.
is
………….
which
we use to open wine
……………………
is
a kind of building
where
Muslims pray
A oven
is
………………………
which
……………………………
WHAT IS A RELATIVE/ ADJECTIVAL CLAUSE?
Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned.
Defining relative clauses give us essential information – information that tells us who or what we are talking
about. We use adjectives or adjective clauses to give information or about a person or a noun. They both have
the same function:
A hardworking student always gets good marks
A student who works a lot always gets good marks
I have a red and expensive car.
I have a car which is red and expensive.
Yesterday I had a delicious pizza.
Yesterday I had a pizza which was delicious.
The woman works in a bank. Which woman?
The woman who lives next door works in a bank.
I hate people. Which people?
I hate people who always tell a lie.
We usually use a relative pronoun to start a defining relative clause: who, which, that, when, where or whose.
WHO/THAT
We can use who or that to talk about people. ‘That’ is more common and a bit more informal.
She's the woman. She cuts my hair
She's the woman who cuts my hair.
The man is 90 years old. He lives next door.
The man who lives next door is 90 years old.
People have sleep problems. They work long hours.
People who work long hours have sleep problems.
WHICH/THAT
We can use which or that to talk about things. ‘That’ is more common and a bit more informal.
There was a one-year guarantee. It came with the TV.
There was a one-year guarantee which came with the TV.
The laptop has started to make a strange noise. I bought it last week.
The laptop which/that I bought last week has started making a strange noise!
OTHER PRONOUNS
when can refer to a time.
Summer is the season. I am the happiest then.
Summer is the season when I'm the happiest.
where can refer to a place.
That’s the stadium. Real Madrid plays there
That's the stadium where Real Madrid plays.
whose refers to the person that something belongs to.
He's a musician. His albums have sold millions.
He's a musician whose albums have sold millions.
A. Read the following text and underline the relative clauses and work with your partner to explain which
noun it describes:
Example: which live in his colony : the other rats
RATATOUILLE
Remy is the main character in the film Ratatouille. He is a rat, but not an
ordinary rat. At the beginning of the film, he lives with his family in the
countryside in modern-day France. But he is not like the other rats which
live in his colony. He has an incredible sense of smell and taste, and his
ambition is to learn to cook. His hero is a great chef called Chef Gusteau.
Remy always watches Gusteau’s old cookery programmes on TV and begins
to learn different recipes. Only Remy’s brother, Emile, knows about this
ambition and Emile loves eating the food which his brother prepares.
One day, the owner of the house where Remy and Emile live tries to kill all
the rats. They escape, but Remy becomes separated from his family and
travels to Paris alone. By chance, he arrives at the restaurant which Chef
Gusteau owned when he was alive. At first, Remy is pleased. But there is a
problem: the restaurant had a bad review by Anton Ego in a magazine. The
new cook, Chef Skinner, makes boring food and the restaurant is losing more and more customers.
Linguini is the boy who works in the kitchen. He wants to make the food more interesting and help the restaurant
to improve, but he doesn’t know what to do. Remy watches him and decides to help. While Chef Skinner is
asleep, Linguini and Remy become a partnership with the rat sitting inside Linguini’s chef hat. He tells Linguini
how to cook by pulling on his hair in different ways to control his actions. So, in the end, Remy lives his dream
of being a master chef and creating fantastic dishes. His life is good and he even finds Emile again and gives him
food from the restaurant. The food critic, Anton Ego, finally comes back to the restaurant. He tastes the food
which Remy cooks and gives the restaurant a good view.
B. Work with a partner and find the relative pronoun mistake in each sentence and correct them.
1.That's the office which all the video editors work.
2. I don't think he likes the toy who I bought him.
3. The athlete which won the marathon is from Kenya.
4. The restaurant when we had dinner last night is closing down.
5. New Year’s Eve is a time where I eat too much food.
6. I saw my grandmother in a photo who she took when she was 18
7. The man which is interested in buying your car will phone later.
8. I remember the day where we first met.
C. Join the two sentences using a relative pronoun who, that, which, where or whose
1. I have a friend. She speaks four languages
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. I have a friend. Her father is a famous musician.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.The Internet is a place. You can buy cheap technology products there.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3.We should only buy products. They can be recycled.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Do you remember the park? We first met there.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. I want to see the film. It won the Oscar.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. I want to see the film. You told me about it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8.The Professor helped me a lot. I met him at the conference.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. We climbed to the mountain. It is the highest in the region.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. We climbed to the mountain. Two climbers died there last year.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
D. Match the halves ( 1-12 ) with ( a-m) adding a relative pronoun. There are two extras.
a. I kicked at the last minute.
h. you gave me
b. serves very good food
i. are mostly hand-made
c. come earlier
j. is directed by Steven Spielberg.
d. history goes back to thousands of years
k. cheated in the exam
e. tent we borrowed last summer
l . is good at communicating people
f. they found the dead man
m. experts couldn’t find yet
g. consists of 26 letters
n. she bought
1.This is the film ...............................................................................
2. There is a pub near my house ........................................................
3. The police are searching the house ..................................................
4.The students .................................................. will have punishments.
5. You can buy a lot of beautiful carpets ................................................
6. What was the name of the friend .....................................................?
7. The fire occurred because of something ...........................................
8. We are looking for someone ..........................................................
9.The present ......................................... was the one I gave you last year.
10.Turkey is a country ...........................................................................
11. The goal ................................................ won the match.
12. Everyone ................................................ can get good discounts.
E. Translate the following into Turkish.
Where is the cheese that I bought yesterday?
The lady who cleans my house once a week is ill today.
The man who was sitting next to me on the bus snored all the way.
Sally went back to the street where she dropped her keys.
Do you know the woman who Tim is talking to?
F. Translate the following into English.
Babamın doğum günüm için aldığı saati kaybettim.
Annemin çalıştığı fabrika gelecek ay kapanacak.
Beni muayene eden doctor hiç birşey bulamadı.
Beni muayene eden doktoru tanıyor musun?
Herkesin tavsiye ettiği Park Hotelde kaldık.
Kaldığımız otelde sıcak su yoktu.
G. Homework: Complete the sentences with your own words.
1. An ideal friend should be someone ................................................................... .
2. I think teachers .................................................................. are better.
3. I don’t like books ............................................................................................ .
4. People ........................................................................ make me crazy.
5. I’d like to spend my summer holiday at a place ................................................. .
6. I’m never intrigued by films ............................................................................. .
7. I want to live in a house .......................................................................................... .
8. The t-shirt ............................................................... is my favourite.
9. I’m looking for a room-mate ............................................................................ .
10. Politicians …………………………………………………………….. are helpful for their countries.
11. This is the photograph ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
12. I miss the food …………………………………………………………………………………………………………... .
13. Celebrities whose …………………………………………………………………… don’t interest me.
14. The person ………………………………………………………………….is an ideal husband / wife for me.
15. In the future I’d like work for a company …………………………………………………………………….
H. We can also talk about pictures. Look at the example.
The old man who is wearing jeans is my
uncle.
The boy who is standing behind the sofa
is my cousin.
I’m married to the man who has long
hair and a moustache.
What is the name of the lady who is
standing on the left of the picture ?
I don’t remember the lady whose hair is
long and blond.
Practice: Write at least five sentences about the photo.
Example: The girl who is sitting under the
desk is Martha.
1……………………………………………………….. Is Paul
2.
3.
4.
5.
D) Define the following nouns:
A ladybird .................................................................
A torch .......................................................................
A stationary ……………………………………………..
A pair of binoculars ………………………………
A vet …………………………………………………
A pub ……………………………………………………
Octopus …………………………………………………………………
An atheist …………………………………………………………………………….….
UNESCO ………………………………………………………………………..
A flag ……………………………………………………….
An optimist ………………………………………………….
E) Imagine an English friend of yours is visiting you in Turkey. He has no idea about the Turkish Culture. He
asks you the following. How would you explain?
1. What is “kolonya”
2. What is ‘kına gecesi’
3. What is ‘iftar’
4. What is ‘tarhana’
5. What is ‘nazar boncuğu’
F) Prepare a ten question quiz for your friends using relative/adjectival clause.
Example. What is the name of the country where Einstein was born?
What is the name of the person who painted Mona Lisa?