Study Guide: Gastrointestinal Drugs
Study Guide: Gastrointestinal Drugs
Prepared based on Pharmacology: A Patient-Centered Nursing Process Approach by Mc
Quistion, Linda et al.
Introduction
Compare the pharmacologic treatment of vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.
Differentiate the actions and side effects of antiemetics, emetics, antidiarrheals, and
laxatives.
Apply the nursing process for the patient taking these drugs.
Identify contraindications for their use.
Vomiting and Antiemetics
Vomiting (emesis) is caused by various factors, including motion sickness, infections, and
medications. Antiemetics, both prescription and non-prescription, are used to treat nausea
and vomiting. Common groups include antihistamines, anticholinergics, dopamine
antagonists, and serotonin antagonists.
Diarrhea and Antidiarrheals
Diarrhea is frequent liquid stool caused by infections, stress, or medications. Antidiarrheals
include opiate-related agents, somatostatin analogues, adsorbents, and others. Nursing
considerations focus on hydration and monitoring bowel activity.
Constipation and Laxatives
Constipation is the accumulation of hard stool due to poor diet, inactivity, or medications.
Laxatives are categorized as osmotic, stimulant, bulk-forming, and emollient. Nursing care
emphasizes hydration, dietary adjustments, and proper use of laxatives.
Antiulcer Drugs
Antiulcer agents include antacids, H2 blockers, PPIs, sucralfate, and prostaglandin
analogues. These drugs treat peptic ulcers and GERD by neutralizing acid, blocking
secretion, or protecting the mucosa. Lifestyle changes such as avoiding smoking and spicy
foods are also important.