CHEMICAL VS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
MATTER AND ITS
INTERACTIONS
CHEMICAL VS PHYSICAL CHANGES
Let's explore the fundamental concepts
of matter and its interactions, as well as
the key principles of chemical reactions.
STATE OF MATTER
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
REAL LIFE IMPLICATIONS
•Mass describes the amount of matter in an object.
MATTER IS ANYTHING
THAT HAS A MASS AND
VOLUME.
YOUR BODY IS MATTER,
BUT LIGHT AND SOUND
ARE NOT MATTER.
Mass: is the number of particles in a
substance
Volume: Is the space occupied by any
object
MASS
•A gram (g) is a common unit of mass.
•Objects of the same size can be made up of different amounts of matter.
YOU CAN USE A BALANCE TO
MEASURE MASS
WEIGHT ON THE OTHER HAND IS THE MEASURE OF PULL OF
GRAVITY ON AN OBJECT. SO YOU HAVE THE SAME MASS ON THE
MOON, BUT DUE TO DIFFERENT GRAVITY BETWEEN THE EARTH
AND THE MOON YOU WILL HAVE A DIFFERENT WEIGHT.
•The greater the mass of an object, the greater the gravitational
force on the object and the greater the weight will be.
MATTER IS ANYTHING
THAT HAS A MASS AND
VOLUME.
YOUR BODY IS MATTER,
BUT LIGHT AND SOUND
ARE NOT MATTER.
Mass: is the number of particles in a
substance
Volume: Is the space occupied by any
object
VOLUME
•Volume is the amount of space that an object takes up,
or occupies.
•A balloon and a bowling ball of the same size have the
same volume but very different masses.
THESE 3 CUBES HAVE THE
SAME VOLUME, BUT
DIFFERENT MSS CAUSE THEY
HAVE DIFFERENT MATERIALS
VOLUME IS MEASURED BY 3 WAYS
REGULAR SHAPE : LENGHTH X WIDTH X HEIGHT (CM3)
IRREGULAR SHAPE : MEASURING CYLINDER METHOD
LIQUIDS : MILLILETERS
Measuring Cylinder method
800-600=
200 ml is the volume of the rock
RELATE MASS AND
VOLUME
DENSITY!
Each liquid has a
different density
that’s why some floats
and some sinks
bellow, the highest
density will be at the
bottom, the lowest
density will be at the
top of the density
tower in the figure.
•Density is a measure of the amount of matter in a given volume.
•The density of a substance remains the same no matter how much of the
substance you have
•Density is mass divided by volume, or D = m/V.
•Common units for density are grams per cubic centimeter, or g/cm3.
•Water has a density of 1 g/mL.
•Objects with density greater than 1 g/mL sink in water link aluminum
•Objects with density less than or equal to 1 g/mL float in water like the cork and the wood.
•Reactivity is the ability of a
substance to interact with
another substance and form one
or more new substances.
This is a chemical property!
PHYSICAL VS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
•A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the
substance is called a physical property.
•Mass and volume and the state of matter are example of physical properties.
•A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substance with
different properties.
•The ability to rust or tarnish is a chemical property. When a metal rusts or tarnishes, it
changes to a different substance. Chemical properties can be observed only by changing the
identity of a substance.
CHEMICAL VS
PHYSICAL CHANGES
How can you know its a chemical change?
•Change in odors.
•Fizzing and foaming mean gases are being produced.
•Production of gas.
Production of gas bubbles
Chemical changes involve the formation of new substances with
different chemical properties. The atoms and molecules of the
reactants re-arrange to form new products.
Physical changes involve a change in the physical state of matter
or its physical properties, but no new substances are formed.
M
I
E
C
AL R
H
C
EA
C
result in the formation of
new substances
involve a change in the
atomic or molecular
structure of the substances
usually irreversible
usually involve the release
or absorption of energy
REACTION
AL
IC
N
O
I
T
PH
YS
no formation of a new
substance occurs
involving a change in the
physical state or properties
of the substances
often reversible
may or may not involve
energy changes
CHEMICAL CHANGE
PHYSICAL CHANGE
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
STATES OF MATTER
States of matter refer to the physical forms in which matter
can exist. There are four main states of matter: solids, liquids,
gases, and plasma.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
PLASMA
Definite shape and
volume.
Not easily compressed.
Tend to have high
densities.
Tend to be rigid and
brittle.
Do not flow.
Definite volume but no
fixed shape.
Not easily compressed.
Tend to have lower
densities than solids.
Can flow and take the
shape of their container.
Have surface tension
and can form droplets.
Neither a definite shape
nor a definite volume.
Highly compressible.
Low densities.
Can flow and
completely fill their
container.
Diffuse and mix with
other gases easily.
No definite shape or
volume and can expand
to fill any container.
Highly conductive.
Emits light and other
forms of radiation.
Generate high
temperatures and
pressures.
WHAT IS THE ONLY SUBSTANCE ON EARTH THAT EXISTS IN ALL
THREE STATES AT ORDINARY TEMPERATURES?
MELTING POINT
FREEZING POINT
The melting point of a
substance is the
temperature at which it
changes from a solid to
a liquid.
The freezing point of a
substance is the
temperature at which it
changes from a liquid to
a solid.
BOILING POINT
The boiling point of a
substance is the
temperature at which it
changes from a liquid to
a gas.
CHANGES IN STATE OF
MATTER
As particles gain energy they
move faster changing the state
of matter from a solid to a
liquid, and then changing into
a gas when the particles move
even faster.
During changing the state of
matter from a gas to a liquid
the particles loose energy
causing them to get closer to
each other, even more closer to
turn into a solid.
Other examples of chemical reactions
Burning wood reacts with oxygen, breaking
their bonds and forming new ones between
carbon and oxygen. The resulting heat and
light release is what causes flames.
this is a chemical change!
During photosynthesis, plants use energy
from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and
water into glucose and oxygen. In this
reaction, energy is absorbed.
this is a chemical reaction and a chemical
change !
STATES OF MATTER EXAMPLE
SOLID: BAKING SODA
LIQUID: VINEGAR
GAS: CARBON DIOXIDE
MATTER CAN BE NEITHER CREATED NOR DESTROYED
IT CAN CHANGE FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
reactants
2H₂
2 grams
+
products
O₂
2H₂O
2 grams
4 grams product