SUBJECT: EMS AIMS OF LESSON: RESOURCES INTRODUCTION TERMINOLOGY GRADE: 7 8 9 DATE: WEEK: CAPS SECTION: Term 1: Lesson 4 Term 1: Lesson 4 The Economy Learners must be able to: 1. Discuss the causes of socio-economic imbalances. 2. Discuss the reasons for inequality in South Africa. 3. Discover how education and skills can fight inequality and injustice 4. Explore rural and urban challenges 5. Know the need to create sustainable job opportunities for the many unemployed people PAPER BASED RESOURCES: • Textbooks DIGITAL RESOURCES: • wcedeportal.co.za Prior content knowledge: Needs and wants Link with the next lesson: The production process By the end of the lesson learners will be able to: • Discuss the causes of socio-economic imbalances, the reasons for inequality, and how education and skills can fight inequality and injustice. • Explore rural and urban challenges and know the need to create sustainable job opportunities for the many unemployed people. Any terms that appear in the topic do not form part of the learner's normal vocabulary. • Socio-economic imbalances • Discrimination • Inequality • Injustice • Poverty • Challenges • Redistribute • Wealth • • • • • • • Human rights Rural Urban Infrastructure Sustainable Job opportunities Empowerment Introduction Causes of socio-economic imbalances • Socio-economic imbalances: imbalances in people’s access to resources such as housing, health care, education and proper standard of living. • Standard of living: people’s access to things such as goods and services that make life more comfortable. CONTENT: CONCEPTS and/or SKILLS • • • • Causes of these imbalances are apartheid. Apartheid discriminated against people based on race. Another cause of socio-economic imbalances in South-Africa is the government’s poor service delivery. Local government and municipalities can not deliver sanitation and housing quickly enough. Inequality in SA • Constitution: it is the highest act of South-Africa, that sets out the rights and responsibilities of all South-Africans. • Bill of Rights: included in the Constitution; it is a list of all the important rights of the citizens of a country. • In 2000 South-Africa signed the United Nation’s Millennium-declaration. • The inequality amongst race groups is busy shrinking, but the inequality within race groups is getting bigger. • South-Africa has one of the world’s highest inequality rates. • Poverty and inequality rates do not decrease quickly enough. Race groups Income Black people R7 283 Coloured people R14 126 Indian people R23 938 White people R62 360 Education and skills to fight inequality and injustices • • Is the most important way of fighting inequality and injustice in South- Africa. Without it, it is not possible to get a good job and participate fully in the economy. • • • • • • The Bill of Rights gives all South Africans, including adults, the right to basic education. There is a large shortage of skills in South-Africa. It is bad for the country’s economic growth. Skills development act. Businesses work with the government to improve the skills of workers. Learnerships: when a person works for a business and at the same time receives in-service training. Urban and rural challenges • • • • • • • • • • • People move to urban areas in search of job opportunities. Service delivery in urban areas is seen as more important than service delivery in rural areas. There is more poverty in rural areas than in urban areas. Rural communities with their agricultural economies are less important than urban communities with their industrialised economies. It is difficult to deliver services to rural areas where people are spread over vast distances. There are fewer taxpayers in rural areas because of the low density of the population. Political power is thus centralised in the population of urban areas. Many of them cannot get a job because rural areas have little infrastructure. Infrastructure: the basic systems and services that are needed to keep a country going properly for example buildings, transport, water and electricity. Cities and towns have the following problems: •Unemployment • Overpopulation •Poor service delivery • Crime •Environmental damage • HIV/Aids Industries in urban areas usually disadvantage the environment. The creation of sustainable job opportunities • • • • • Job creation is an important part of decreasing inequality and poverty so that more people can participate in the economy. Sustainable job creation is job opportunities: • last long for employees to benefit more from it. • in industries that are driven by economic and environmental sustainability. The country must thus create job opportunities that can be done by unemployed people. The government started in 2004 with the Expanded Public Works Program (EPWP). This program targets unskilled and unemployed people. Activity 1: Socio-economic imbalance Study the following pictures carefully and answer the questions that follow: PICTURE A PICTURE B CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Give 2 things about how you can tell that the people in Picture A are poor. Give 2 things about how you can tell that the people in Picture B are wealthy. Which basic needs the people in Picture A can satisfy. Mention only 3. What do you understand by socio-economic imbalance? List 5 causes of socio-economic imbalances in South Africa. (2) (2) (3) (3) (10) ACTIVITY 2 Homework (Inequality in South Africa and the Laws of discrimination) 1. What do you understand by the term ‘Inequality’? (2) 2. What do you think was the main historical factor that caused inequality in South Africa? (2) 3. List three laws that were passed by the South African government during the years 1948 – 1994 that discriminated against all people who were not white? (6) 4. List four examples of discrimination that occurred during 1948 – 1994 in South Africa. (8) 5. To correct the inequalities, the first South African democratic government (1994) adopted a new constitution and put new laws in place. Briefly discuss only four of these laws. (12) ACTIVITY 3 Classwork/ Homework (Education and skills to fight inequality and injustice) 1. Work in groups. Choose a scribe, a timekeeper and a presenter. 1.1. Discuss what you think a good education means. Summarise your answer in two or three lines. 1.2. Think about all the advantages that a person as if he or she has a good education. Give as many ideas as possible. 1.3. Draw a mind map about the advantages of a good education. N.B. Work in groups on the above questions and one will present to the whole class. ACTIVITY 4: Classwork (Urban and Rural challenges, Sustainable job opportunities) 1. In a table form, use the keywords provided below to explain the differences and challenges experienced by people living in the urban and rural areas that may also cause inequalities and make it very difficult to break out of a cycle of poverty. Keywords: Jobs, transport, education, housing, health services (20) 2. What do you understand by a sustainable job? (2) 3. Give four strategies that can be followed by people and the government to create sustainable job opportunities. (8) Memorandum: Activity 1 : POSSIBLE ANSWERS 1. Poor housing structure, they fetch water far away from their homes, poor infrastructure etc. (any two 1 mark each) MEMORANDUM OF ACTIVITIES 2. A huge luxurious house or quality housing, a big yard or land for one family, beautiful expensive furniture etc. (any two 1 mark each) 3. –Water - Shelter - Air etc. (any three 1 each) 4. Socio-economic imbalances refer to large differences in the standard of living of people in a country. It is the uneven spread of social and economic resources. Inequality is another word used for imbalances. (3 marks) 5. – Geographical distribution of resources -Standard of living -Poverty -Access to adequate health -Government laws that control the distribution of resources (2 marks each) ACTIVITY 2 POSSIBLE ANSWERS 1. When the state or quality between people or things is unequal. (2 marks) 2. Apartheid. (2 marks) 3. Apartheid laws: 3.1. The Bantu Education Act of 1953 3.2. Job Reservation Act of 1926 3.3. Native Laws Amendment Act of 1952 3.4. Bantu Authorities Act of 1951 3.5. Group Areas Act of 1966 3.6. Land Act of 1913 4. (any three two marks each) Examples of discrimination: 4.1. Poor education facilities and standard of teaching 4.2. Limited or no rights to vote 4.3. Restricted freedom of speech 4.4. Restricted freedom of assembly/ People were prevented from getting together in a large group in public 4.5. Property rights/ Preventing people from owning certain forms of property etc. (any four two marks each) 5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. The Employment Equity Act of 1998-Prohibits employers from discriminatory and unfair labour practices Black Economic Empowerment (BEE)- Promotes a share of ownership in a business Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment of 2003- Provides opportunities for workers to develop skills that will lead to promotions, resulting in higher wages or salaries. The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP)- To address the issues of housing, education and healthcare. The Skills Development Act of 1998- Encourages businesses to offer education and training in the workplace. etc. (any four three marks each) ACTIVITY 3 1.1. Education that will make a person acquire skills. Education that trains one to think. Education teaches people how to conceive ideas on their own. Education that will train people to be able to create their jobs. 1.2 Being able to find a well-paid job; Be able to support oneself adequately; Pay for good health care; lead a balanced lifestyle; become self-confident; own a home; support a family; enjoy travelling holidays; belong to sports and cultural clubs; etc. A mind map about the Advantages of a good education 1.3 Support oneself adequately Lead a balanced life Find a wellpaid job Pay for good health care Become selfconfident Advantages of good education Own a home Support a family Belong to sports clubs ACTIVITY 4: POSSIBLE ANSWERS 1. Key Word Jobs Transport Education Housing Health services Urban Challenges More job opportunities but more competition Organised public transport systems More choice in education and training facilities- but at a high cost Shortage of affordable houses Better health services are obtained at a high cost 2 marks each Rural Challenges Fewer job opportunities Long travelling to major centres – very expensive Limited opportunities for education and skills training Housing often cheaper Lack of hospitals, clinics and other important health facilities 2 marks each 2. It is a job that lasts for a long time. (2 marks) 3. Strategies to create sustainable job opportunities: 3.1 Promoting entrepreneurship and new businesses 3.2 Stimulating business development 3.3 Encouraging manufacturing 3.4 Improving the infrastructure (2 marks each)
