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Kamias Road Brgy. TucopDinalupihan, Bataan
Contact # (047) 633 – 2975 (047) 633 - 2996
“Peace and Good through Quality Education”
THE PRODUCTIVITY OF AN IMPROVISED MINI RICE GRINDING MACHINE
MINI RICE GRINDING MACHINE
A Research Project Presented to the Senior High School Department of
Mother Margherita de Brincat Catholic School
Dinalupihan, Bataan
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of:
Research Project/ Culminating Activity
by:
Mayuyo, Diana Kristine V.
Martin, Mitch Justine D.
Calma, Joseph P.
David, William M.
Gatus, Rheyven T.
Pinlac, Jeremy C.
Submitted to:
Erika Mae L. Basa
12 HUMSS- St Gertrude
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This thesis could not have been completed without the contributions of many
people. Firstly, we would like to show our deepest gratitude to our school principal Mr.
Lawrence Michael L. Medina and Sr. Mary Cini, F.C.J. for their enormous help, valuable
advice and recommendations. Also, for allowing as to conduct a survey in our school.
Secondly, we would like to express our sincere appreciation to Ms. Erika Mae L.
Basa, our Research Project Adviser, for guiding us in the stages of our academic research,
and for giving his best to make our whole thesis presentable.
To the Grade 11 and Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences students of Mother
Margherita de Brincat Catholic School who willingly responded to the questionnaire.
To our family, relatives and friends for serving the source of inspiration for finishing
the study, especially to our loving parents for their patience, moral and financial support.
Above all, to our Almighty God, for enlightenment, guidance, good health condition,
love and blessings to finalize the research.
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DEDICATION
We, the researchers, are proudly to dedicate this study to our beloved family
and friends.
A special gratitude to our parents, for giving us an encouragement to finish our
work, for supporting us financially and who have supported us throughout the process.
To grow and develop who has been a source of encouragement and inspiration
throughout our lives.
A special gratitude also to our loving friends, who played such important roles
along our journey, as our mutually, engaged in making sense of various challenges
faced in providing encouragement to each other at those times when it seemed
impossible to continue.
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ABSTRACT
The researchers tested the productivity of the Improvised Mini Rice Grinding
Machine on selected sections of Senior High School from Mother Margherita de Brincat
de Catholic School during the academic year 2019-2020. Using the descriptive type of
research the data were all gathered from the survey questionnaires which focused on the
profile of the respondents, and their assessments towards the Improvised Rice Grinding
Machine. The findings revealed that the respondents generally agree that the Mini Rice
Grinding Machine relates in the problems of the community, and can be innovated for its
betterment through time.
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Table of Contents
TITLE
PAGE
Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . …1
Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .2
Dedication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .…….........3
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
List of Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
CHAPTER
1. PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..11
Hypotheses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 11
Conceptual Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …….. . .13
Scope and Delimitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Definition of Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …………..14
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 15
Local Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …16
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3. METHODS OF RESEARCH
Research Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Population of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Research Instrument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......19
Ethical Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Statistical Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….... . 20
Materials Used. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………….. . . . . 21
General Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ……... . . . . . . . 22
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….……23
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of the Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..26
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .27
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .28
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LIST OF TABLES
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents. . . . . . . . . .19
Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to Age . . . .. . . . .23
Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to Sex . . . . . . . . .23
Respondents’ Assessment to the idea of productivity of an Improvised Mini Rice Grinding
Machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A
Letter of Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Appendix B
Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 33
Appendix C
Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …………. . . . .34
Appendix D
Curriculum Vitae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .36
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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Rice is the most vital human food crop within the world, directly feeding a lot of
individuals than the other crop. In 2012, nearly 1/2 world’s population – quite three billion
individuals – relied on rice a day. It was conjointly the staple food across Asia wherever
around 1/2 the world’s poorest individuals live and is turning into progressively necessary
in continent and geographical area. Rice has conjointly fed a lot of individuals over an
extended time than the other crop. Both in the way it is grown and how it is used by
humans, it is spectacularly diverse. Rice can grow in wet environments unlike other
alternative crops because it is exclusive. Such wet environments are teeming across Asia.
The rice domesticationwas ranked as one of the most important developments in history
and currently, thousands of rice varieties are cultivated on every continent except
Antarctica.
As defined by Camello and Caringal et al., (2016), Rice (Oryza sativa) or
domestically referred to as palay, bigas, kanin is common to the Filipinos that is seldom
missed on their tables especially when breakfast, lunch or dinner comes. In Asia, it is one
of the most wide consumed staple foods for an outsized part of the world's human
population. It was the agricultural artefact with the third-highest worldwide production,
after sugarcane and maize appeared according to Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations (2014). As cited by Dhankhar (2014), the method whereby the rice
grain is remodeled into a type appropriate for human consumption, therefore, must be
through with utmost care to forestall breakage of the kernel and improve the recovery.
Rice is processed more to make a lot of visual appealing polished rice. When gather and
drying, the paddy is subjected to the primary milling operation before it is consumed and
it includes de-husking and the removal of bran layers (polishing) as well. Nowadays, a
rice huller or rice husker is associate degree agricultural machine created to change the
method of removing the chaff (the outer husks) of grains of rice.
Paddy or rice grain consists of husk and rice. Brown rice, in turn, contains bran
that contains the outer layer and also the edible portion. Rice edge is removal or
separation of husk (de-husking) and bran to get the edible portion for consumption. The
method needs to be accomplished with care to stop excessive breakage of the kernel and
improve recovery of paddy or rice. The extent of recovery throughout edge depends on
several factors like type of paddy, degree of milling needed, the standard of apparatus
used, the operators, and many more. During this method, the rice that is obtained when
edge is named raw rice. To boost the goodness, freshness, and nutritional estimation of
rice, the rice grinding machine has become common. Rice milling machine is the method
of removing the husk and bran layer to provide polished rice. It may be undertaken as a
one-step milling where the husk and also the bran area unit removed in one pass and
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polished rice is made directly from the paddy, a two-step process wherever the husk and
also the bran area unit removed severally, and brown rice is made as an intermediate
product, and multistage process wherever rice passes through variety of various
operations and machines from paddy to polished rice. Its method involves pre-cleaning
the paddy before edge, removing the husk or outer layer from the paddy, sharpening or
whiting the rice to get rid of the bran layer, and separating the broken grains from the
entire kernels.
Milling could be a crucial step in post-production of rice. The fundamental objective
of a rice milling system is to get rid of the husk and the bran layers, and produce an edible,
polished rice kernel that is sufficiently processed and freed from impurities. In general,
rice is taken into account because the supply of carbohydrates and provides energy to
body through diet. The rice is obtained from paddy grains when several process
operations. The paddy crop is harvested when desired maturity and threshed for
separation of paddy from panicles. Threshing solely detaches the spikelet from the plant
beside the glumes. Once the threshing is done, the paddy has got to undergo several unit
operations to become edible rice.
Purpose
The researchers came up with the idea that people need something that they can
use especially in terms of their everyday living. Rice Grinding Mill is one of the best
solutions for their problem because aside from being unusual, it can be done easily at
home and it is very useful for livelihood purposes. Its main purpose is to help people who
are far from rice milling machine to become productive and make their own machine. This
is more significant when they need to grind their rice and they do not have any machines
at nearby places.
Uses
The Mini Rice Grinding Machine is used for:
1. Pre-cleaning
2. Removing the husk (de-husking or dehulling)
3. Paddy separation
4. Whitening or polishing
5. Separation of white rice
Benefits
This research project will give a lot of benefits to the people because this mini rice
grinding machine can help them during the time when they cannot send their grains to
the nearest rice milling machine because of financial difficulties or other certain problems.
This one will also conserve time and effort, and people from far places will highly benefit
because they do not need to do extra efforts and waste money. This will help the
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community to be productive because nowadays, there are demands in economics and
we need to be involved in the process of improvement especially on technologies. It will
also make the people more creative and resourceful and aside from this, they will be
knowledgeable that DIY or do it yourself products can be efficient and useful.
Other helpful benefits:



Unlike bigger rice milling machine, this machine can be brought to anywhere.
This is cheaper so we can conserve money, because you do not need to rent a
Rice miller machine to grind your grains anymore.
This will make every individual resourceful and creative most especially when it
comes to students like us. We will able to know that DIY products are very effective
and wondrous as well.
To depend and add an additional information, the researchers often opted to conduct this
kind of research that will determine the purpose and use of rice grinding machine.
Statement of the Problem
This research aims to seek answers for the following questions:
1. How may the profile of the respondents be described as to:
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
2. Is the product effective to use?
3. What is the importance of rice grinding machine in individual’s daily living?
4. How does this capstone project relate with the problems of community?
Hypotheses
Alternative Hypothesis
Rice grinding machine is not effective to use and does not have any importance in
individual’s daily living. In addition, this capstone project also does not have any relations
with problems of community.
Null Hypothesis
Rice grinding machine is effective to use and it is important in individual’s daily
living because it provides one of their basic needs which is rice. In addition, this capstone
project also relates with the problems of community because it has a relevance for what
the society needs today.
Significance of the Study
The purpose of the study is to conserve time, effort and money. People can save
time because this is easy to use, then extra effort is not necessary, because they do not
need to send their rice grains to the nearest Rice grinding machine because they already
have an improvised machine. They will save money because they also do not have to
rent a machine to grind their rice grains. Also, this product is handy and convenient, and
people can use it in any circumstances. This product would be highly suggested for a
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family because it may lessen their financial needs, this is also for the farmers because
this machine will lessen their works and burden when they are harvesting. Another is, this
can also enhance their artistic originality in terms of making a do it yourself machine. This
is also highly suggested for the students, farmers, and especially for the indigenous
people who are living in a mountainous region and far-flung places, they can use their
skills and creativity to create their own rice grinding machine out of recyclable materials
that can be found at home. Lastly, this will be a great invention for the youth because as
time passes by, the technology will continues to innovate and they can improve it more.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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The figure shows the paradigm of the study. As McGaghie et al. (2001) put it: The
conceptual framework that drives the investigation being reported based on the problem statement,
sets the presentation of the particular research question. It also presents the context and the issues
that caused the researcher to conduct the study through the problem statement of a thesis. The
researchers were utilized the Input, Process and Output Approach
INPUT
1.How may the profile of
the respondents be
described as to:
1.1. Age 1.2. Sex
1.Is the product effective to
use?
2.What is the importance of
rice grinding machine in
our daily lives?
3.How does this capstone
project relate with the
problems of community?
PROCESS

Data gathering
procedure with the
use of survey
questionnaire and
unstructured
interview
OUTPUT
An Improvised Mini Rice
Grinding Machine.
Fig. 1 Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 describes the conceptual framework of the study wherein the input
consists of the following questions; How may the profile of the respondents be described
as to their age and sex? Is the product effective to use? What is the importance of rice
grinding machine in our daily lives? How does this capstone project relate with the
problems of community? Meanwhile, the process being used is through data gathering
procedure with the use of survey questionnaire and unstructured interview. On the output,
the researchers wanted to make an improvised mini rice grinding machine and make an
improvement.
Scope and the Limitations
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The study covers the topic on how to make an improvised Rice Grinding Machine.
It includes the step-by-step procedure, materials needed, and its importance in everyday
life. The product could be used by people aged 15 above because at this age, they
already have the capacity or skills to make an improvised grinding machine, most
especially on the people on remote areas or urban places.
Meanwhile, the problem that a person may encounter while using the product is
sometimes, one grind is not enough to remove the husk of the rice grain and still need to
try again the process to have a fully milled rice. The person who will use this must have
patience all the time and follow the instructions carefully to bring out the best result.
Definition of Terms
Brown Rice–an extremely alimentary grain. It is sensible for the heart, aids digestion and
reduces the risk of high cholesterol, cancer, and diabetes.
De-husking - take away the various kinds of husk around a plant material consisting of
any kind of husked grain/pea, e.g. immature wheat grain.
Kernel - a softer, typically edible a part of a nut, seed, or fruit stone that is contained
withinits hard shell.
Maize - known as corn in some countries, is Zea mays, a member of the grass family
Poaceae. It is a cereal grain that was initial full-grown by individuals in ancient Central
America and currently the third most significant cereal crop within the world.
Paddy - is a small, level, flooded field that is used to cultivate rice, particularly in southern
and eastern Asia.
Sugarcane - a perennial tropical grass in which he fibrous residue may be used as fuel,
in particle board, and for variety of different functions.
Threshing - separating the grain or seeds by some mechanical means.
Chapter 2
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the summary of literature from the foreign and local
researchers which have a significant reference on the problem.
Foreign Related Literature
It was reported by Pingali (2007) that mechanical milling was introduced in Africa
after the First World War and spread rapidly throughout the continent, hand or water
operated milling machine for crops and not necessarily for rice. In terms of the quantity of
rice milled per rice grinder, small rice millers with ‘conventional’ machines mill on average
about 350 t/year, whereas those with large scale machine mill 3,000 t/year to more than
10,000 t/year. Also, in terms of the quantity milled in a year, the smallest of 24 t/year to
the maximum of 3,150 t/year was the scale of operation of small rice millers. When the
small rice miller that mills the maximum amount, it operates with three top- capacity milltop machines.
Traditionally, in some rice growing areas, ricemilling is accomplished by very
primitive methods such as pounding the rough rice in a wooden mortar with pestle and
then sifted to remove the chaff from the grainafter harvest. This practice makes local
production of rice very low with poor quality (Ibukun, 2008)
According to Kunihiro and Tokida et al., (2015) The rice mill industry in Uganda
has developed at a remarkable pace since the early 2000s. The high profitability of rice
milling business and a low entry barrier have attracted entrepreneurs from various social
circles. In newly emerging rice growing regions, the industry is still developing rapidly, but
in the East with relatively longer history of rice mill development, the industry is entering
a mature stage. The emergence of rice milling fee lower than Ush 100/kg in the East, in
contrast to higher fee levels of Ush 150/kg to Ush 200/kg prevailing in newly emerging
rice growing regions, is an apparent sign of the degree of competition that the rice
milling market is undergoing, and in this respect, the maturing stage is nothing but the
stage of adjustments. Considering the rapid pace of the development, it is a matter of
time that the intensified competition brings the rice milling market in the newly emerging
rice growing regions into this stage. The changes that occur in this adjustment stage a
shift of rice mills towards larger scale of operation was inevitably made by the scale
economy inherent in the rice mill operation. The genuine sign of the direction that the rice
mill industry is heading is the emergence of large scale rice mills in the East and the North.
With regards to smaller rice mills, shifted from ‘old fashioned’ Engelberg to mill-top
machines, or even more modern machines, and from small HP to large HP machines or
single machine to multi- machine operations are the changes that would take place.
Although the quality of rice is not so important yet in the national rice market, price
differentiation due to quality difference, cleanliness in particular, has been emerging.
Accordingly, the milling fee rate has begun to be differentiated according to the quality of
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rice milling. The demand for rice of higher quality will increase steadily as the Ugandan
economy grows, accelerating the need for the rice mill industry to be more and more
quality conscious. Also, the market-led changes work as a pressure to exit the industry,
strengthening the polarization of the industry into small rice mills with small scale of
operation and ones with large scale of operation for small rice mills with a small HP
machine. Whereas the former satisfies the demand for milling services from customers
who do not care much the quality of rice, the latter, including large scale rice mills, aims
at the higher segment of the rice consumer market. As all large-scale rice mills are
equipped with pre-cleaners, de-stoners, separators and graders, there is a trend among
small rice mills to introduce these facilities. In order for the rice mill industry to be a socially
sound and economically viable industry, it is highly desirable to develop these facilities as
technologies as divisible as possible, so that small rice mills can improve their rice milling
quality step by step countervailing the scale economy of the large-scale rice mills.
Local Related Literature
According to Gomez (2019), about 40 percent of the total 10,000 big and small
rice-milling operations in the country have stopped their operations after experiencing the
negative impacts of the implementation of a new rice regime including the whopping
decrease in the price of locally-produced ‘palay’ or unhusked rice, the industry stated.
Market structure appears to be highly competitive at all levels based on the number of
players. However, exercise of dominant position may be possible at the level of
wholesalers and millers. Wholesalers and millers have been suspected of cartel-like
collusion in the Philippines. The claim of a rice cartel has been reiterated often;
e.g.,Tadem (2002) asserted that itinvolves a network of middlemen working closely with
rice cartels which control 90 percent of the country’s rice supply in terms of rice marketing
in the Philippines. There has indeed been no publicly voiced suspicion of anticompetitive
agreements at the level of farmers or even retailers. However, mill operators and
wholesalers have been suspected of collusion, despite the large number of registered
firms. Cabling (2002) found that there was high degree of inequality within the rice milling,
wholesaling, and wholesaling-retailing industries; there were high barriers to entry in both
palay and rice trading. The industry concentration ratio had increased over time as a
result.
In the early 1990s,intercity was established when a private real estate developer
opened up an industrial park that is devoted to rice milling. It is near the Bocaue exit of
the North Luzon Expressway and offers easy access to Metro Manila as well as ‘palay;
traders from all over Luzon. There were few takers; over time, there were more locators
as operators saw the advantage of forming a cluster at the start. Buyers are able to shop
for the lowest price relative to quality that is why they are attracted to the cluster and
the‘palay’ suppliers as well are attracted because they are capable of searching for the
highest price and best terms of payment. The creation of the cluster dramatically reduces
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transaction cost. In intercity and surrounding neighborhoods (Golden City has also formed
a large cluster of mills), there are over 100 rice millers as of now. According to Briones
and de la Pena 2015, it is estimated that up to 80 percent of rice sold in Metro Manila
were originated from the Bocaue cluster.
As mentioned by Sarian (2016), it can be profitable investment for the countryside
where small-scale rice farmers are found through the use of compact rice mill with
improved capabilities. LH 5001 model from Korea is an example of rice mill which can
perform the functions of bigger mills that can be found in rice processing complexes. For
individual entrepreneurs or by cooperatives, the compact rice mill can be a profitable
investment. In addition, it is more profitable to mill the grains that were harvested and sell
the same as polished rice instead of selling the same as ‘palay’ for farmers. Nowadays,
many small farmers used to sell their ‘palay’ right after harvest because they need the
cash, but they will make much more money if they can dry their ‘palay’and sell them as
polished rice.
Chapter 3
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METHOD
The methodology gives a description and explanation of the procedure that has
been used in the study. In this chapter, the research instrument, data gathering procedure,
ethical consideration, and statistical statement of data used in the study are presented.
Research Methodology
This research project is an experimental and descriptive type of research that
determine the productivity of an improvised mini rice grinding machine. Research
Methodology According to Kothari (2004), is a method to analytically explain the research
problem. It may be delineated as a science of analysis how research is completed
consistently. Further, research design can be descriptive, exploratory or analytical study.
According to Shields and Rangarajan (2013), descriptive research is used to
describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer
questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred.
The researchers will test their project’s productivity by scaling how much it can
produce and grind rice grains. As defined by Abramo, D’Angelo, & Rosati (2013),
productivity is the quintessential indicator of efficiency in any production system.
Distinguishing it from impact, it seems it has become a norm in bibliometrics to terminate
research productivity as the number of publications per researcher.
Population of the Study
This research has been conducted at Mother Margherita de Brincat Catholic
School. The respondents are the Grade 11 and Grade 12 HUMSS Students S.Y 20192020 because they have major subjects that deals with community.
In selecting the respondents from the population, the researchers used Quota
Sampling for the present. It is a non-probability sampling technique wherein the
researchers chose the respondents from the entire population, then remove the
respondents who exceeds in quota.
Using the Slovin’s Formula with a 5% margin of error, 60 respondents was
regarded as the sample size out of the chosen respondents of 70 of Humanities and
Social Sciences (HUMSS) Students of MMDBCS.
Table 1 presents the respondents of the study.
N= 70
n= 60
Table 1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents
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Year Level and
Section
Frequency
Percentage
Rank
Grade 11 St. Gabriel
40
66.66%
1
Grade 12 St. Luke
20
33.33%
2
Total
60
100%
Data on Table 1 revealed that 40 respondents or 66.66 percent were grade 11
students which came at Rank 1, 20 respondents or 33.33 percent were grade 12 students
which came at rank 2.The researchers conclude that grade 11 students has the highest
frequency distribution because the grade 11 students are many than the grade 12
students.
Research Instrument
The researchers formulated their questionnaire written in a draft that deals with the
personal data of the respondents. In construction of the questionnaire, the researchers
are guided by the readings of professional books, thesis, dissertation, browse of internet,
and unpublished materials. The researcher also sought the help of their adviser for the
checking of the questionnaire.
According to Good (2007), questionnaire is a list of planned, written questions,
related to a topic with space provided for indicating the response to each question,
intended for submission to a number of the person for reply. The researchers used
questionnaire to gather their data and needed information for the study where openended questions were used to explore a substantive area.
Unstructured Interview
Aside from the questionnaire, the researchers also conducted unstructured
interview to gather further information for the study.
Data Collection
The researchers followed the procedure in administering the survey questionnaire
by writing a letter of permission that will address to the School Directress and Principal of
Mother Margherita de Brincat Catholic School. After seeking for permission, the
researchers will administer and retrieve the questionnaire personally to the chosen
respondents.
Ethical Consideration
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The success of this study will be achieved through the help of ethical consideration.
The researchers stood by the ethical considerations for their respondents to build up trust
and support for the research. Fairness, honesty, and transparency is strictly observed by
the researchers to come up to the best result.
The researchers will personally meet the advisers to obtain permission for the
research to be conducted to prove their sincerity in pursuing the research. The
researchers will ask the respondents first before handing them the questionnaires to
assure if they are really willing to answer the questions provided by the researchers. The
respondents assured that they will have sufficient knowledge about the study.
Confidentiality and anonymity were also assured to the respondents by the researchers
with outmost care.
Statistical Treatment
The researchers made used of frequency distribution and percentage in all date to
aid the description. The necessary date was collected, checked and tallied, after the
respondents had answered the tests.
The researchers will use Quota Sampling to determine the respondents of the
study. As defined by Saunders, Lewis, & Thornhill, (2012), Quota sampling method is a
non-probability sampling and it can be defined as a sampling method of gathering
representative data from a group. Application of quota sampling ensures that sample
group represents certain characteristics of the population chosen by the researcher.
A. Frequency – it refers to the number occurrence for a given factor. It is used to
determine the number of respondents with the same response in an item statement.
B. Percentage – it can be acquired by dividing the frequency to the total number of
respondents then multiply it by 100.
The formula below was used:
𝑓
𝑃 = 𝑁 𝑥100
Where:
P= refers to percentage
F= refers to frequency
N= refers to the total number of the respondents
This was also in presenting Age, Sex, Year Level.
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Weighted Mean- It is used to determine the average of the perceptions of the people
about non-discrete variables, variables with continuous scales and with any apparent zero
point.
The formula below was used:
WM =
𝑇𝑊
𝑁
Where:
WM- Weighted Mean
TW- Total Weight
N- Number of Class
The following description should be used to describe each variable:
WEIGHTED MEAN
3.25 – 4.00
2.50 – 3.24
1.75 – 2.49
1.00 – 1.74
Materials Used
MEAN DESCRIPTION
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

Handsaw

Auger (or any pointed objects that can bore a hole)

Plywood

Disposable battery

Dynamo

Screw

Bearing

Recycled fan

Wood

Pliers

Glue Stick

Glue gun
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
Candle

Wire

Plastic Bottle

Found object in recycled fan (in circle shaped)
General Procedure

First, put everything in place.

Second, cut he plywood into pieces (the size depends on what you want.) using a
handsaw. Keep one (1) wider size of plywood for your base.

Third, cut the plastic bottle that is shaped as an input hopper.

Fourth, before a hole into a square-shaped plywood exactly where the dynamo
could be placed and put it on your base thereafter.

Fifth, place the dynamo carefully and fix the wire on it, do it in a careful manner
also to avoid incidence.

Sixth, get your found object and screws that will serve as your grinder. If that object
was hard and easy to break, might as well hold the screw using a pliers and dip it
quiet longer onto a candle then insert that screw into the object one by one.

Seventh, place your ready-made square-shaped plywood and connect it to the wire
of the dynamo.

Eight, bore a hole into the top of the square-shaped plywood and place your input
hopper into it.

Ninth, cut a small size of plywood that can control the flow of the rice into the input
hopper.

Lastly, plug the wire to the socket and put grains onto the input hopper slowly. You
may enjoy your very own improvised mini rice grinding machine.
Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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This chapter presents the findings and interpretation drawn from the data gathered
from the accomplished questionnaire from the Grade 11 and 12 Senior High School
Humanities and Social Sciences Students of Mother Margherita de Brincat Catholic
School.
The Profile of the Respondents in this study where shown in table 2-3. The Age
and Sex were considered in the study because the researchers believed that these
variables has significance tothe capabilities of the Humanities and Social Sciences
students to make their own Mini Rice Grinding Machine. These are analyzed as follows:
Table 2
Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to Age
Age
16
17
18
19
Total
Frequency
9
25
19
7
Percentage
15
41. 66%
31%
11.66%
100%
Rank
2
3
1
4
As shown on the table above, there were 25 respondents who are age 17 years
old with 41.66% which came at rank 1. Age of 18 years old came at rank 2 with the
frequency of 19 and percentage of 31%. 9 respondents were 16 years old with 15% which
came at rank 3 and 7 of the respondents were 19 years old and have an average of 11.66%
and was ranked as rank 4.
The frequency distribution of the respondents according to age shows that most of
the respondents were age 18 years old. Then least of them were age of 19 years old.
Table 3
Frequency Distribution of the Respondents According to Sex
Sex
Frequency
Percentage
Rank
Male
30
50 %
2
Female
30
50%
1
Total
60
100%
As shown on the Table above, 30 respondents were female with 50 % which came
at rank 1. While 30 of the respondents were male with 50 % came at rank 2.
The frequency distribution of the respondents according to sex showed that female
and male are equally divided.
Table 4
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Respondents’ Assessment to the idea of productivity of an Improvised Mini Rice
Grinding Machine
Indicators
An improvised grinding machine is
productive because it grinds the grains
well.
The product is very useful.
The product can be improved more in
the future.
The materials used to make the
product are easy to find and
affordable.
Mean
3.33
Verbal Description
Strongly Agree
Rank
1
3.28
3.28
Strongly Agree
Strongly Agree
2.5
2.5
3.22
Agree
3
The product can be sold in the market.
3.18
Agree
4
The product relates with the problem
of the community nowadays because
rice is a basic need of an individual.
3.16
Agree
5
It is important to have a rice grinding
machine at home.
3.10
Agree
6
The product lessen the pollution
produced by commercial milling
machines.
3.05
Agree
7
It is easy to make a mini rice grinding
machine.
2.96
Agree
8
An improvised rice grinding machine is
better than those commercial milling
machines.
2.95
Agree
9
Overall Mean
3.15
Agree
Table 4 divulges the respondents’ assessment to the idea of productivity of an
Improvised Mini Rice Grinding Machine.
The table shows that indicator no. 1 or “An improvised grinding machine is
productive because it grinds the grains well” have answered strongly agree or 3.33
weighted mean and was ranked as Rank 1 because as the researchers undertook the
interpretation they noticed that most of the respondents are confident to answer 4 as
24
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strongly agree. Indicatorno. 2 or “The product is very useful” have answered strongly
agree or 3.28 weighted mean and was ranked as Rank 2.5 same as indicator no. 3 or
“The product can be improved more in the future”. Indicator no. 4 or “The materials used
to make the product are easy to find and affordable” have answered agree and got a 3.22
weighted mean and was ranked as Rank 3. Indicator no. 5or “The product can be sold in
the market.” have answered agree or 3.18 weighted average and was ranked as Rank 4.
Indicator no. 6 or “The product relates with the problem of the community nowadays
because rice is a basic need of an individual” have answered agree or 3.16 weighted
average and was ranked as Rank 5. Indicator no. 7 or “It is important to have a rice
grinding machine at home” have answered agree or 3.10 weighted average and was
ranked as Rank 6. Indicator no. 8 or “The product lessen the pollution produced by
commercial milling machines” have answered agree or 3.05 weighted average and was
ranked as Rank 7. Indicator no. 9 or “It is easy to make a mini rice grinding machine” have
answered agree or 2.96 weighted average and was ranked as Rank 8. Lastly is the
indicator no. 10 or “An improvised rice grinding machine is better than those commercial
milling machines” have answered agree or 2.95 weighted average and was ranked as
Rank 9.
The researchers conclude that indicator no. 1 or “An improvised grinding machine
is productive because it grinds the grains well” have the highest distribution of
respondents and indicator no. 10 or “An improvised rice grinding machine is better than
those commercial milling machines” have the least distribution of respondents.
Chapter 5
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions drawn, and suggested
recommendations derived from the information reported in the previous chapter of the
study. Specifically, it sought to answer the different questions:
1. How may the profile of the respondents be described as to:
1.1 . Age
2.2 . Sex
2. Is the product effective to use?
3. What is the importance of rice grinding machine in individual’s daily living?
4. How does this capstone project relate with the problems of community?
Summary of the findings
Based on the data gathered the following were manifested:
1. Profile of the Respondents
1.1.
As to Age
Based on the data gathered, it revealed that 25 or 41.66 percent of the respondents
were 18 years old, 19 or 31 percent of the respondents were 18 years old, 9 or 15 percent
of the respondents were 16 years old and 19 revealed that 7 or 11.66 percent of the
respondent was in that age.
1.2.
As to Sex
Based on the data gathered there are 30 or 50% percent Male and the Female
respondents were also 30 or 50%.
2. The idea of the respondents to the productivity of an Improvised Mini Rice Grinding
Machine:
Indicator no. 1 or “An improvised grinding machine is productive because it grinds
the grains well” have the highest distribution of respondents and indicator no. 10 or “An
improvised rice grinding machine is better than those commercial milling machines” have
the least distribution of respondents.
Conclusions
In the light of the study, the following conclusions were drawn.
26
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1. It could be concluded that improvised mini rice grinding machine is effective to use
because it can milled rice easily also it is efficient for all the people because it is
convenient to use and can bring anywhere because it is handy.
2. It could be concluded that the rice grinding machine have importance in every
individual’s daily lives because first, they can conserve time, money and effort by
just using it. Secondly, they can improve their certain skills such as being
resourceful and creative that they really need nowadays because innovation on
technology is really necessary and everything is upgrading.
3. It could be concluded that this capstone project relates to the problems of
community because every now and then, rice is one of the most basic needs of a
human. Through this capstone project, everyone can able to lessen their worries
in terms of going to far places where they can grind their grains.
Recommendations
Based from the findings and conclusion, this research project is recommended to
students, parents, farmers, and indigenous people who wanted to make and improve
product like this. Through this capstone project, they can able to turn their recyclable
materials at home into something useful which can lessen their financial budget. This is
also highly recommended for those people who cannot afford to send their grains to the
commercial milling machines due to financial shortages and especially, for the future
researchers, this one will help them because they can use this research as a basis for
their future projects and they can improve it more. Further research may be conducted
on grinder that can produce more pulverized grind rice output and to achieve good
rice milled to be grinded as well
REFERENCES
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MOTHER MARGHERITA DE BRINCAT CATHOLIC SCHOOL, INC.
Kamias Road Brgy. TucopDinalupihan, Bataan
Contact # (047) 633 – 2975 (047) 633 - 2996
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Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C.A. & Rosati, F. (2013). The importance of accounting for the
number of co-authors and their order when assessing research performance at the
individual level in the life sciences. Journal of Informetrics, 7(1), 198–208.
Briones, R. and B. de la Pena. 2015. Competition reform in the Philippine rice sector.
Discussion Paper Series No. 2015-04. Quezon City: PIDS.
Cabling, J. 2002. Market Structure, Conduct, and Performance of the Rice Milling and
Trading Industries in the Philippines. Unpublished M.S. Thesis. Los Banos, Philippines:
Univesity of the Philippines Los Banos.
Camello, C., Caringal, B., Dela Rosa, Z., Maan, K. 2016. Design and Development of
Rice Milling and Grinding Machine. Mechanical Engineering Department, Lyceum of the
Philippines University. Batangas: EPH - International Journal of Science and Engineering.
Dhankar, P. (2014). Rice Milling. IOSR Journal of Engineering, 4 (5), 34-42. Retrieved
from http://goo.gl/gTvAq4.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT). Faostat.fao.org
(October 23, 2014). Retrieved on September 4, 2015.
Ibukun, E.O. 2008. Effect of prolonged parboiling duration on proximate composition
of rice. Academic Journals Vol.3 (7), pp. 323-325, July.
Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (2nd Ed.). New
Delhi: New Age International limited.
Kunihiro, Tokida & Yusuke, Haneishi & Tatsushi, Tsuboi & Godfrey, Asea & Kikuchi,
Masao. (2014). Evolution and prospects of the rice mill industry in Uganda. African
Journal of Agricultural Research.
McGaghie, W. C.; Bordage, G.; and J. A. Shea (2001). Problem Statement, Conceptual
Framework, and Research Question. Retrieved on January 5, 2015 from
http://goo.gl/qLIUFg
Pingali, P (2007). Agricultural mechanization: Adoption patterns and economic impact. In
Evenson, R., and Pingali, P. (eds.), Handbook of Agricultural Economics Agricultural
Development: Farmers, Farm Production and Farm Markets, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Sarian, Z. 2016. Village Rice Mill Can be Profitable. Philippines: Manila Bulletin.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2012) “Research Methods for Business Students”
6th edition, Pearson Education Limited
Shields, P and Rangarajan, N. 2013. A Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating
Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management. Stillwater, OK: New Forums Press.
Note - Shields & Rangarajan devote a chapter to descriptive research (4). pp. 109-158
28
MOTHER MARGHERITA DE BRINCAT CATHOLIC SCHOOL, INC.
Kamias Road Brgy. TucopDinalupihan, Bataan
Contact # (047) 633 – 2975 (047) 633 - 2996
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Tadem, T. 2002. NGOs Organizing Cooperatives: The Philippine Case. In: Asian Review
2002, Vol. 15: Popular Movements. Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok. pp. 62-77.
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Appendices
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APPENDIX A
February 21, 2020
Sister/Sir:
Greetings!
The undersigned are the Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students of Mother
Margherita De Brincat Catholic School, who are requesting for permission to conduct a survey
regarding their research project entitled, “The Productivity of an Improvised Mini Rice
Grinding Machine” in partial fulfillment to their subject in Research Project/Culminating
Activity.
Rest assured that all the information to be provided by the respondents will be treated
confidentially.
Hoping for your favorable response. Thank you and God bless!
Sincerely,
(Sgd.) DIANA KRISTINE V. MAYUYO
Leader
Noted by:
(Sgd.) ERIKA MAE L. BASA
Research Adviser
Recommending Approval:
(Sgd.) LAWRENCE MICHAEL L. MEDINA
School Principal
Approved by:
(Sgd.) Sr. MARY CINI, F.C.J.
School Directress
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February 21, 2020
To Whom It May Concern:
Greetings!
The undersigned are the Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students of Mother
Margherita De Brincat Catholic School, who are currently working on their research entitled “The
Productivity of an Improvised Mini Rice Grinding Machine”.
In line with this, the researchers would like to ask your cooperation by answering all the questions
provided below. Rest assured that all the information to be presented will be treated confidentially.
Thank you and god bless!
Sincerely,
DIANA KRISTINE V. MAYUYO
MITCH JUSTINE D. MARTIN
JOSEPH P. CALMA
WILLIAM M. DAVID
RYHEVEN T. GATUS
JEREMY C. PINLAC
Researchers
Noted by:
(Sgd.) ERIKA MAE L. BASA
Research Adviser
Recommending Approval:
(Sgd.) LAWRENCE MICHAEL L. MEDINA
School Principal
Approved by:
(Sgd.) Sr. MARY CINI, F.C.J.
School Directress
APPENDIX B
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THE PRODUCTIVITY OF AN IMPROVISED RICE GRINDING MACHINE
I.
Profile of the Respondents
Name (Optional): ______________________
Age: ___
Year Level: _____
Sex: ___ Male ___ Female
Direction: Put a check of your chosen answer in the table shown below.
4- Strongly Agree
3- Agree
2- Disagree
1- Strongly Disagree
4
1. It is important to have a rice grinding machine at
home.
2. An improvised rice grinding machine is better than
those commercial milling machines.
3. It is easy to make a mini rice grinding machine.
4. The materials used to make the product are easy
to find and affordable.
5. The product is very useful.
6. Mini rice grinding machine is one of the crucial
necessities that every family should have.
7. The product can be sold in the market.
8. The product can be improved more in the future.
9. The product relates with the problem of the
community nowadays because rice is a basic need
of an individual.
10. An improvised grinding machine is productive
because it grinds the grains well.
33
3
2
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APPENDIX C
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APPENDIX D
Name: Diana Kristine V. Mayuyo
Address: Gutad, Floridablanca, Pampanga
Contact #: 09060912957
E-mail Address: Dianakristinemayuyo@gmail.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Age:
- 17 years old
Date of Birth:
- May 18, 2002
Place of Birth:
- Floridablanca, Pampanga
Civil Status:
- Single
Height:
- 5’7
Weight:
- 49kg.
Religion:
- Roman Catholic
Language:
- Tagalog, English, Kapampangan
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EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Primary: Gutad Elementary School
Gutad, Floridablanca, Pampanga
Secondary: Junior High School: Gutad National High
School
Gutad,
Floridablanca, Pampanga
Senior High School: Mother Margherita de Brincat Catholic School
Tucop, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Name: Rheyven T. Gatus
Address: San Pedro, Floridablanca, Pampanga
Contact #: 09552872291
E-mail Address: Rheyvengatus@yahoo.comcom
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Age:
- 18 years old
Date of Birth:
- July 14, 2001
Place of Birth:
- Floridablanca, Pampanga
Civil Status:
- Single
Height:
- 5’7
Weight:
- 50kg.
Religion:
- Iglesia ni Cristo
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Language:
Kapampangan
- Tagalog, English,
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Primary: San Pedro Elementary School
San Pedro, Floridablanca, Pampanga
Secondary: Junior High School: Gutad National High School
Gutad, Floridablanca, Pampanga
Senior High School: Mother Margherita de Brincat Catholic School
Tucop, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Name: Joseph P. Calma
Address: San Ramon, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Contact #: 09452443635
E-mail Address: Josephcalma03@gmail.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Age:
- 18 years old
Date of Birth:
- October 03, 2001
Place of Birth:
- Dinalupihan, Bataan
Civil Status:
- Single
Height:
- 5’5
Weight:
- 49kg.
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Religion:
- Roman Catholic
Language:
- Tagalog, English
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Primary: Pentor Elementary School
Pentor, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Secondary: Junior High School: Luakan National High School- Annex
San Ramon, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Senior High School: Mother Margherita de Brincat Catholic School
Tucop, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Name: Jeremy C. Pinlac
Address: Tucop, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Contact #: 09198240733
E-mail Address: Jeremypinlac@yahoo.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Age:
- 18 years old
Date of Birth:
- May 02, 2001
Place of Birth:
- Dinalupihan, Bataan
Civil Status:
- Single
Height:
- 5’3
Weight:
- 47kg.
39
MOTHER MARGHERITA DE BRINCAT CATHOLIC SCHOOL, INC.
Kamias Road Brgy. TucopDinalupihan, Bataan
Contact # (047) 633 – 2975 (047) 633 - 2996
“Peace and Good through Quality Education”
Religion:
- Roman Catholic
Language:
- Tagalog, English
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Primary: Tucop Elementary School
Tucop, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Secondary: Junior High School: Pagalanggang National High School
Pagalanggang, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Senior High School: Mother Margherita de Brincat Catholic School
Tucop, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Name: William M. David
Address: Anon, Floridablanca, Pampanga
Contact #: 09503197988
E-mail Address: Williamdavid831@yahoo.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Age:
- 18 years old
Date of Birth:
- September 11, 2001
Place of Birth:
- Floridablanca, Pampanga
Civil Status:
- Single
Height:
- 5’7
Weight:
- 54kg.
40
MOTHER MARGHERITA DE BRINCAT CATHOLIC SCHOOL, INC.
Kamias Road Brgy. TucopDinalupihan, Bataan
Contact # (047) 633 – 2975 (047) 633 - 2996
“Peace and Good through Quality Education”
Religion:
- Roman Catholic
Language:
- Tagalog, English, Kapampangan
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Primary: Tucop Elementary School
Tucop, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Secondary: Junior High School: Pagalanggang National High School
Pagalanggang, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Senior High School: Mother Margherita de Brincat Catholic School
Tucop, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Name: Mitch Justine D. Martin
Address: Balsik, Hermosa, Bataan
Contact #: 09984433967
E-mail Address: Mitchjustine42@gmail.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Age:
- 17 years old
Date of Birth:
- October 5, 2002
Place of Birth:
- Dinalupihan, Bataan
Civil Status:
- Single
Height:
- 5’4
Weight:
- 55kg.
41
MOTHER MARGHERITA DE BRINCAT CATHOLIC SCHOOL, INC.
Kamias Road Brgy. TucopDinalupihan, Bataan
Contact # (047) 633 – 2975 (047) 633 - 2996
“Peace and Good through Quality Education”
Religion:
- Roman Catholic
Language:
- Tagalog, English
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Primary: Tapinac Elementary School
Tapinac, Olongapo City, Zambales
Secondary: Junior High School: Luakan National High School- Annex
San Ramon, Dinalupihan, Bataan
Senior High School: Mother Margherita de Brincat Catholic School
Tucop, Dinalupihan, Bataan
42