Name _____________________________________________
Date ____________________
Class ____________________
12,13,15
The Gas Laws
In your textbook, read about the basic concepts of the three gas laws.
Use each of the terms below to complete the passage. Each term may be used more
than once.
pressure
temperature
volume
Boyle’s law relates (1) ________________________ and (2) ________________________ if
(3) ________________________ and amount of gas are held constant. Charles’s law relates
(4) ______________________ and (5) _____________________ if (6) ___________________ and
amount of gas are held constant. Gay-Lussac’s law relates (7) ______________________ and
(8) ______________________ if (9) ______________________ and amount of gas are held constant.
In your textbook, read about the effects of changing conditions on a sample of gas.
For each question below, write increases, decreases, or stays the same.
__________________ 10. The room temperature increases from 20°C to 24°C. What happens to the pressure
inside a cylinder of oxygen contained in the room?
__________________ 11. What happens to the pressure of the gas in an inflated expandable balloon if the
temperature is increased?
__________________ 12. An aerosol can of air freshener is sprayed into a room. What happens to the pressure
of the gas if its temperature stays constant?
__________________ 13. The volume of air in human lungs increases before it is exhaled. What happens to the
temperature of the air in the lungs to cause this change, assuming pressure stays
constant?
__________________ 14. A leftover hamburger patty is sealed in a plastic bag and placed in the refrigerator.
What happens to the volume of the air in the bag?
__________________ 15. What happens to the pressure of a gas in a lightbulb a few minutes after the light is
turned on?
***Additional Gas Law Questions/Problems at the end of the document. Please write out your solutions on paper.
Chemistry: Matter and Change
18
Study Guide
Name _____________________________________________
Date ____________________
Class ____________________
13
The Combined Gas Law
Fill in the following table. State what gas law is derived from the combined gas law when the
variable listed in the first column stays constant and the variables in the second column change.
Derivations from the Combined Gas Law
Stays constant
Change
Becomes this law
Volume
Temperature, pressure
16.
Temperature
Pressure, volume
17.
Pressure
Temperature, volume
18.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
19. The variable that stays constant when using the combined gas law is
a. amount of gas.
b. pressure.
c. temperature.
d. volume.
Answer the following questions.
20. What is standard temperature and pressure (STP)?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________ 21. A sample of carbon dioxide is at 273 K and 244 kPa. What will its volume be at 400
kPa?
__________________ 22. A sample of oxygen occupies 10.0 L at 4.00 atm pressure. At what temperature will
the pressure equal 3.00 atm if the final volume is 8.00 L?
__________________ 23. At what pressure will a sample of gas occupy a 5.0 L container at 25°C if it occupies
3.2 L at 1.3 atm pressure and 20°C?
Energy
In the space at the left, write true if the statement is true; if the statement is false, change
the italicized word or phrase to make it true.
___________________
1. Energy is the ability to do work or produce heat.
___________________
2. The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be created and
destroyed.
___________________
3. Chemical potential energy is energy stored in a substance because of its
composition.
___________________
4. Heat is a form of energy that flows from a warmer object to a cooler object.
___________________
5. The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celsius.
___________________
6. Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
Chemistry: Matter and Change
19
Study Guide
Name _____________________________________________
Date ____________________
Class ____________________
13
Answer the following question. Show all your work.
7. If the temperature of a 500.0-g sample of liquid water is raised 2.00°C, how much heat is absorbed by
the water? The specific heat of liquid water is 4.184 J/(g°C).
8. _____________________ is an insulated device used to measure the amount of heat absorbed or
released during a chemical or physical process.
9. Sweating makes you feel cooler because, as it evaporates, the water on your skin (absorbs, releases)
_____________________________ heat from your body.
10.
When a gas condenses to a liquid, heat is (absorbed, released) __________________________ to
the surroundings.
11.
Chemistry: Matter and Change
20
Study Guide
Name _____________________________________________
Date ____________________
Class ____________________
13
12. What phase change occurs from A to B?
13. What phase is represented by C?
14. At what temperature and Pressure is the Triple Point?
15. What is the Triple Point?
Additional Gas Law Problems (Please write out your solutions on paper)
1. In your own words, describe Charles’ Law and write the formula.
2. Using Charles’ Law: A 6 L sample of nitrogen is warmed from 350K to 359K. Find its new volume if the
pressure remains constant.
3. Using Charles’ Law: An empty water bottle is left outside and by the morning a vacuum is created
causing the bottle to cave in. Could this be caused by temperature increase or decrease?
Chemistry: Matter and Change
21
Study Guide
Name _____________________________________________
Date ____________________
Class ____________________
13
4. In your own words, describe Gay-Lussac’s Law?
5. Using Gay-Lussac’s Law: Determine the pressure change when a constant volume of gas at 1.00 atm is
heated from 293K to 303K.
6. Using Gay-Lussac’s Law: A sample of nitrogen inside a rigid, metal container is at 293K and a pressure
of 3.00atm. When it is placed inside an oven whose temperature is 323K, what is the pressure of the
nitrogen after its temperature is increased?
7. What is the formula for Boyle’s Law? What happens to a gas’s volume when you increase the pressure?
8. Boyle’s Law: If a gas occupies 3.60 liters at a pressure of 1.00 atm, what will be its volume at a pressure
of 2.50 atm?
9. Boyle’s Law: 6.0L of a gas is at a pressure of 8.00 atm. What is the volume of the gas at 2.00 atm?
Chemistry: Matter and Change
22
Study Guide
Name _____________________________________________
Date ____________________
Class ____________________
13
10. Combined Gas Law: What is the formula?
11. A helium balloon with an internal pressure of 1.00 atm and a volume of 4.50 L at 20.0 oC is released.
What volume will the balloon occupy at an altitude where the pressure is 0.600 atm and the
temperature is –20.0oC?
12. An airtight container with a volume of 4.25 x 104 L, an internal pressure of 1.00 atm, and an internal
temperature of 15.0o C is washed off the deck of a ship and sinks to a depth where the pressure is 175
atm and the temperature is 3.00o C. What will the volume of the gas inside be when the container
breaks under the pressure at this depth?
Chemistry: Matter and Change
23
Study Guide
Name _____________________________________________
Date ____________________
Class ____________________
13
Chemistry: Matter and Change
24
Study Guide