21st Century Literature
from the Philippines
and the World
PREPARED BY:
REYNALD P. MATIAS
TEACHER I
Content Standard
The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and contexts of
21st century Philippine literature from the regions.
Performance
Standard
The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding and appreciation of 21st
Century Philippine literature from the regions through: 1. a written close analysis and
critical interpretation of a literary text in terms of form and theme, with a description
of its context derived from research
Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and doing an
adaptation of these require from the learner the ability to identify: a. the geographic,
linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to the
contemporary
Learning
Competency
LITERATURE
Direction: Write if TRUE OR FALSE
1.Literature teaches the significance of life.
2.Literature is both an art and a form of communication
3. Literature mirrors and highlights significant human experiences.
4. “Dulce” refers to excellence of literary form which relates to the
ideas that literature must have or sense while “utile” refers to
what literature
can offer to its readers in effect.
5. The timeliness of thought and of idea relates to the notion
that a work of literature must reveal a theme and must reflect a
condition which is applicable to the world.
6. Most ancient literary forms were in oral tradition
since there was no system of writing during the precolonial period.
7. Literature is a way used by our ancestors to
communicate their stories to the next generations.
8. Legends are stories which highlight the origin of a
thing.
9. Foreign occupation affected and influenced the
Philippine literature.
10. Philippine text was only written in our native
language.
What is Literature?
What is your idea
about the forms of
literature?
What is your idea
about the genres of
literature?
Literature is a group of works that
is made up of words. Most are
written but some were passed on by
word of mouth. They are works of
prose and poetry which were also
sub-divided into categories.
Major Forms of Literature
a. Prose
b. Poetry
a. Prose
This form is mainly recognized to be composed
freely. This form does not have any measurement.
Also, it has greater irregularity and the language
used in this form is ordinary for it has a close
resemblance to a man’s pattern of everyday
speech. Prose is a form or technique of language
that exhibits a natural flow of speech and a
grammatical structure.
Examples:
Novels, Textbooks, Newspaper, History,
Philosophy, Law
b. Poetry
It is the form of literature characterized
by its highly controlled manner of
choosing and arranging language with
the use of regulating devices such for
sound and rhythm to aesthetically
convey a meaning which call for a
specific emotional response
Genres of Literature
Barritugo et.al (2002) explained that literature has specific
classifications. It can be classified into four genres namely:
poetry, prose fiction, drama, and non-fiction prose.
a. Poetry
b. Prose Fiction
c. Drama
d. Non-Fiction Drama
a. Poetry
Ascribed as the most economical
means of expression since it only uses
limited number of words, its beauty is
mainly forced by the intricate and careful
use of words, figurative expression,
imagery, rhythm, and sound.
b. Prose Fiction
This is mainly characterized by
scholars as any literary work that is an
imaginative recreation and reconstruction
of life. This type covers short stories and
novels in which these are said to be
manifestations of the creative and
imaginative thinking of a writer.
c. Drama
This involves stories concerning
significant human encounters
which are intended to be
performed on stage. It may
involve
a
certain
number
of characters who also deal with
some complications and issues.
d. Non-fiction prose
These genres mainly attempt to
present, to interpret, or to describe facts.
With such, judgment, opinions, and
commentaries may be framed and
expressed in the form of essays, feature
articles,
editorials
and
the
like.
(biography, memoirs, journalism
Sample Works in Literature
Sample Works in Literature
What is the importance of Literature?
What is the importance of Literature?
1. Understanding human experience
and societal values.
2. Developing analytical skills and
encouraging critical engagement
3. Inspiring lifelong learning and
curiosity
Seatwork 1
Direction: Write at your notebook.
1.Literature is ________
2.I need to know more literature
are _______
Short Quiz 1
Direction: Write the complete answer.
1. What is a group of works that is
made up of words?
2. What are 2 major form of literature?
3. What are 4 genres of literature?
Assignment 1
Direction: Write at your notebook.
Search for sample literature
work
different form and genres of literature.
LITERARY TIMELINE
LITERARY TIMELINE
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•
•
•
•
•
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PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1871)
PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872-1898)
THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1944)
THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (1941-1945)
REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946-1970)
PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)
PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1980)
PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985)
POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1999)
21st CENTURY PERIOD
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ILLUSTRATED NOVEL
• is a story or narrative told through words
complemented by illustrated images. In most illustrated
fiction, 50% of the narrative is presented without words
while some may not contain any text at all, so the
reader must interpret the images to comprehend the
story completely.
• Some examples include The Invention of Hugo Cabret
by Brian Selznick and The Arrival by Shaun Tan.
DIGI-FICTION
• also called Triple Media Literature. It uses the
combination of three media: book, movie/video, and
internet website to tell a narrative, so readers must
engage in navigating, reading, and viewing in all three
forms to comprehend the full story.
• Examples of digi-fiction include Patrick Carman’s
Skeleton Creek and Anthony Zuiker’s Level 26.
DIGI-FICTION
Skeleton Creek is a book and
a movie at the same time.
After an eerie accident leaves
Ryan
housebound
and
forbidden to see Sarah, their
investigation takes two tracks:
Ryan records everything in his
journal, while Sarah uses her
videocam in the haunted
woods
beyond
Skeleton
Creek.
DIGI-FICTION
Level 26 is a series of crime
thrillers centered on a rogue serial
killer hunter. Steve Dark is head of
a highly secret and incredibly
skilled black-ops element within the
U.S. government, which is tasked
with finding and bringing to justice
the most brutal and horrific serial
murderers in the world -- especially
those whose existence world
governments would prefer not to
admit.
GRAPHIC NOVEL
• are narratives told in comic-strip formats and published
as a book. To differentiate from illustrated
fiction,graphic novels tell a story using a combination of
words and pictures in a sequence across the page. The
term is employed in a broad manner, encompassing
non-fiction works and thematically linked short stories
as well as fictional stories across several genres.
Archie Comics by John Goldwater and illustrator, Bob
Montana, and The Death of Captain Marvel by Jim
Starlin are good examples.
GRAPHIC NOVEL
MANGA
• is the Japanese word for comics. It is used in the
English-speaking world as a generic term for all comic
books and graphic novels originally published in Japan.
Manga-style comics created by American artists are
sometimes called Amerimanga.
Some Manga categories include the following:
● Shonen-Boy’s Manga (Naruto, Bleach, One Piece)
● Shojo-Girl’s Manga (Sailormoon)
● Seinen-Men’s Manga (Akira)
● Josei-Women’s Manga (Loveless, Paradise Kiss)
● Kodomo-Children’s Manga (Doraemon, Hello Kitty)
MANGA
MANGA
DOODLE FICTION
•
is a literary presentation where the author incorporates
doodle writing, drawings, and handwritten graphics in
place of the traditional font. Doodles are simple
drawings or random shapes and lines that may or may
not have concrete representational meanings. These
enhance the story, often adding humorous elements.
Examples include The Diary of a Wimpy Kid by Jeff
Kinney and Timmy Failure by Stephan Pastis.
DOODLE FICTION
TEXT-TALK NOVELS
• are stories told almost entirely in dialogue simulating
social network exchanges. Narratives are usually
presented in blog, email, and IM (instant messaging)
format. Jenny Ruth Almocera’s Vince and Kath
released by ABS-CBN publishing is a good example of
this genre.
TEXT-TALK NOVELS
CHICK LIT or CHICK LITERATURE
• is an often humorous and lighthearted fiction which
addresses issues of modern womanhood. Stories may
include romantic relationships, friendships, and issues
in the workplace. It generally targets young women
readers.
Scarlet Bailey’s The night before Christmas and Miranda
Dickinson’s It started with a Kiss are examples of this.
CHICK LIT or CHICK LITERATURE
FLASH FICTION
• is a story narrated in an extremely brief way, but still
offers plot and character development and implies a
larger story. It could range from a word to a thousand.
Varieties of flash fiction identified by word count include
six-word stories (6 words), dribble or minisaga (50
words), 280-character story or twitterrature (280 words
or a story in one tweet) drabble or microfiction (100
words), sudden fiction (750 words) and flash fiction
(1,000 words).
FLASH FICTION
Here are examples of flash fictions specifically six-word
stories:
● For sale: baby socks, never worn. (Written by Ernest
Hemingway)
● Longed for him. Got him, Shit. (Written Margaret
Atwood)
FLASH FICTION
CREATIVE NONFICTION
• is also known as literary nonfiction or narrative
nonfiction.
• It is a genre of writing that uses literary styles and
techniques to create factually accurate narratives.
• As a genre, creative non-fiction is still relatively young
and is only beginning to be scrutinized with the same
critical analysis given to fiction and poetry.
1000 Gifts by Ann Voscamp and Wind, Sand, and Stars
by Antoine de SaintExupery are examples.
CREATIVE NONFICTION
SCIENCE FICTION
• is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with imaginative
concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space
travel, time travel, faster than light travel, a parallel
universe and extraterrestrial life.
• It often explores the potential consequences of
scientific and other innovations and has been called a
“literature of ideas”.
Examples include Suzanne Collins’ Mockingjay and
Sarah Maas’ Kingdom of Ash.
SCIENCE FICTION
BLOG
• (shortened form of Weblog) is a website containing
short articles called posts that are updated regularly.
Some blogs are written by one person containing his or
her own opinions, interests and experiences, while
others are written by different people. Kryz Uy’s Break
My Style which includes stories of her travel and style
is one of the most followed blogs in the country.
BLOG
HYPER POETRY
• is digital poetry that uses links and hypertext mark-up.
It can either involve set words, phrases, lines, etc. that
are presented in variable order but sit on the page
much as traditional poetry does, or it can contain parts
of the poem that move and transform. It is usually
found online, but CD-ROM and diskette versions exist.
The earliest examples date to no later than the mid1980s.
HYPER POETRY
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See You
Tomorrow