Practice Charts for Chapter 14: Muscles 1. Muscles of the Head and Neck Muscle Orbicularis Oculi Origin Walls of orbits Insertion Skin around orbits Action Close eyes Orbicularis Oris Muscle around mouth Skin around mouth Protrude lips Masseter Zygomatic arch & maxilla Mandible, ramus Elevate mandible Temporalis Temporal bone Mandible, coranoid process Elevate and retract mandible Occipitofrontalis – Frontal Belly aponeurosis Muscles around eyes and orbits Raise eyebrows Occipitofrontalis – Occipital Belly Occipital bone aponeurosis Draw skull back Sternocleidomastoid Manubrium & clavicle Temporal mastoid process Flex and rotate head Trapezius Occipital bone & thoracic vertebrae Scapula & clavicle Extend head, elevate scapula Platysma Fascia around deltoid Depress mandible Zygomatcius Major Zygomatic bone Skin around lower face, mandible Skin at corner of mouth Muscle Origin Insertion Action Pectoralis Major Sternum, medial clavicle humerus Adduction of arm, medial rotation of shoulder smiling 2. Muscles of the Anterior Trunk Pectoralis Minor Ribs 3 – 5 Scapula, coracoid process Elevate ribs (forced insp), pull scapula anteroinferiorly Rectus Abdominus Pubic symphysis Ribs 5 – 7, xiphoid process Flex vertebral column, aid in defecation, urination, childbirth External Oblique Ribs 5 – 12 Linea alba Flexion and rotation of vertebral column Internal Oblique ilium Ribs 9 – 12 Flexion and rotation of vertebral column Transverse Abdominus Ilium, lumbar fascia, ribs 6 – 12 Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis Compress abdomen, stabilize trunk 3. Muscles Used for Breathing Muscle External Intercostals Origin Ribs above Insertion Ribs below Internal Intercostals Diaphragm Ribs below Xiphoid process, ribs 6 – 12, lumbar vertebrae Ribs above Central tendon Action Increase thoracic volume ( normal insp ), relax (normal exp) Depress ribs ( forced exp ) Increase thoracic volume ( normal insp ), flatten during contraction 4. Muscles of the Posterior Trunk & Shoulder Muscle Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres Major Teres Minor Latissimus Dorsi Origin Supraspinous fossa, scapula Infraspinous fossa, scapula Subscapular fossa, anterior scapula scapula scapula Spine t7 – l5, sacrum, ilium Insertion Superior humerus Superior lateral humerus Proximal medial humerus Anterior lateral humerus Lateral humerus Medial humerus Action Abduction of arm Lateral rotation of arm Medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint Extension and adduction Lateral rotation of arm Extension and adduction of arm Deltoid Clavicle and scapula Deltoid tuberosity, humerus Abduction, flexion and extension, lateral and medial rotation of arm, circumduction 5. Muscles of the Vertebral Column Muscle Iliocostalis (Lateral) Longissimus (Intermediate) Spinalis (Medial) Action Maintain and erect spinal cord and head, lateral rotation of trunk 6. Muscles of the Arm Muscle Biceps Brachii Tricep Brachii Origin Scapula coracoid process: Long head – superior Short head – anterior Posterior and lateral scapula and humerus Insertion Radial tuberosity, radius Action Flexion of arm Olecranon, ulna Extension of arm Origin Insertion All via patella tendon Tibial tuberosity Tibial tuberosity Tibial tuberosity Tibial tuberosity Proximal medial tibia Medial femur Action 7. Muscles of the Leg Muscle Quadriceps: Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Intermedius Vastus Medialis Sartorius Adductor Longus AIIS Proximal femur Proximal femur Proximal femur ASIS pubis Extend knee, flex hip Extend knee Extend knee Extend knee Abduct femur, flex hip Adduct femur 7.5 Hip Flexors Psoas Major Iliacus lumbar ilium femur femur flex and laterally rotate hip Flex and laterally rotate hip Origin Posterior pelvis Insertion It band and femur Action Extend hip, laterally rotate Flex knee ischium ischium ischium Medial tibia Medial tibia Lateral fibula 8. Muscles of the Leg Muscle Gluteus Maximus Hamstrings: Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoral 9. Muscles of the Lower Leg Muscle Soleus Gastrocnemius Origin Proximal tibia and fibula Distal femur Insertion Calcaneus via calcaneal Calcaneus via calcaneal Tibialis Anterior Proximal tibia 1st metatarsal Action Plantar flexion of foot Plantar flexion of foot, extend knee Dorsiflexion of foot Which muscles are utilized during forced expiration? Internal intercostals Which muscles are used during chewing? What is the defining difference between their movements? Masseter, temporalis Name the following abdominal muscles in order from deep to superficial: external oblique, transverse abdominus, internal oblique Transverse abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique Which muscle is utilized during forced inspiration? What about during normal inspiration? Pectoralis minor, external intercostals, diaphragm Which way will your diaphragm move during inhalation – superiorly or inferiorly? inferiorly Which of the 4 quadriceps assists in flexing the hip? Where do all 4 quadriceps insert? Rectus femoris – tibial tuberosity, vastus lateralis – tibial tubersoity, vastus intermedius – tibial tuberosity, vastus, medialis – tibial tuberosity If the humeral head of the shoulder joint were to dislocate from the glenoid fossa of the scapula, do you think it would dislocate anteriorly or posteriorly? Why? (Include muscles in your answer)
