Group---1/2/3/4 (Tick)
Study
Key features
Uses/Application Measurements
(Enlist)
Design
|. Defcriphiye meaAwhemt|-for qen". of,
studieof descrip varial e hy pothesu
ef
|ike who, whom descvipt"
dettinat' ofduedse
where,tHime,
place, person -Helpsin initial
International
|stepin finding
analysis done aoc iation
helpin general tho ugh
hypothejiu
hypothesia
Advantages Disadvantages Bias
Bauiu for
| Can be wed in
hypethesuyst asoeiahion
findiny or
formaton,
inihial study|Casati6.
+o be rey -Generates
|for further lowest
level
analyss of evidence
ivstrumenall
studies.
generation
2. Case
Cohtrol
tudies
meashes
ltnqth of
sociation.
regcases l
-for testig
hypothet
|strenqth of
associati o Eaier
Cohort for
|providing
(aluality
eliminate
Stren gh by
ex peswre
retros pec He
SHudiet
shydies
rare
peswh atetor
Ex
disease
DR:1 No
for
Contrels
bedone for aLko ciatho
cofounding
mesute streugHdo oanaye
of asociahohypotheg
gth ot
Here exposuestrer
associahion
has ecCuhed
not outcome
Prospecive
shudy
3types
for Yare
erpoue ot
multiple outtores
-qenerateyhighest
prespec Hve eve of evidere
Petrospechive
LAmbi spec
Can be sed in
rare expwe
Redal eias
Can be don e-lawer thar
Aelecil
DR= <1-Preter-No tollow
reg
recall
bi ay
p
-ive funcHion
Can
dis. hut
rore diseases rave
matchinq done to NDT foY rane
3.Cdhort
odd% ratio
Intevrie wBias
Berk sonjan Bias
-Net uj tablel
|for rave exPose
R rmulHple
OR>1
asociaHn
Dubcomes
Hlyt rea- Artonn
than-(
Hahe
Hk
bilad
Lelativer
1ong term
Atributable | Cae conhre follow p
for qen
evitenc
in
fopulation |-Znçidbree-Changeo
cehordue tul
visk
Can be
meanuhed
bËrHh
dea
-Caluality
eter
assesrd
than caseong
Contio
shudie
Alow
r
eet
muliplt
outcomes.
7
4. Thteryinhiqnal - Bet Pov
Te test
sydies
Andiny asoid Hon
-ACT
RCas ahon toy a4sEsment
stronth
-NRCT
ypethe
cantahon
for provid ng assoclatio
etieloqical
hypotheu
Interyentien fov previdg
etoloqica
hypoheu
done
Gntrate best Compav ing
level of evide uti
(an be wed for zrategical
interventhon
Hhermpeuhchrialy
Bet leved-Cotly
Aehical iut bi4s
for associatL Bias A0 DiagnesHO
levidence
tanbe d one per forr as
tocon parepeople in
R Straten
Contrasth
bias
ntervenhon other qvp
Can be
Prevented don t give
Coryent fot
Therapetd new triay
rik fhc tor
dentificaM
Can be
done.
erc
Can be con cu rreht
lCvoy
ial
mat hing
Blindig dome
7. Measurements of Morbidity and Mortality as reviewed and enlisted by group 5.
To practice one example for each of these measurements
8
Populatien is d lakjh in 2009.
t.Mid
120 cass o
250 a4e4
o
hahl- So death
stske wht
CHD
S0 deoHhs
malalua-12b dat
5500
120
(i) 0b
15/tooo
t000x
SO
cHD
fot
Pop/yeos
movtaliky Jhate
1Q0000
hate
10000O
pop/ea
ciiD Ds mosta<ity
Tuly 2022
44
on
hopital
in
ont
2. 2500 populahiom ps
diahhea
Heawy hain
Date
3/+}2012
4/7]2012
PHc
Cases
10
2
5/9/2012
11
L/2l2012
a/ho12
1
s/?l2012
Incidence
Case
Peoth
Lyox 1000
2500
1
’Epidrc
diahhea
Casedeath
12
marbidity
Cwhve
10
mortality Cuwe
L
2
6
910
10
Cohert
(Ecgeed VA Nan trpoed )
/-
fctet
Day 2
Fpidemiological mrasnres of disease:
Examples of Descriptive and Casc-Control Study (8)
()A
tudy condurted to study Ca Breast l wse ol
he aMociation,
to find out
100 Cases wee idontified in s5G k 300 Corthola
othor Nardt. JA was found that 30 Cases
Case contel thudy
"Tabudat kophokentatiom
Conthol
Case
(Rick ent)
ob)
70
260 (dy
330
300
400
30 (a)
P-Ve
Total
Risk -nt)
Total
lo0
"Exp8suke haho
n cases
loo
a
7atC
I00
30+70
loo 30/.
100
x l00
b lo0
=
btd
4ot26o
. Cdds rahio (ad
= 30
40l0013-33/.
300
:30x260 :218
2g|
11
k
had Jespiratoy mohdtp
n a study, 200 wekens
&n both
no mothidi hy (rexpira'on)
had
to0 wWokos had
expoted to metal
been
AMojation Was to be found
o Audy Case cortal study
Tabulat Jrepesentation
"
Contho
(ase
300 (d).
100 (c)
Piuk -ve
200
|00 b)
I00 (a)
Rik +Ve
Total
400
200
Total
Expeswu hatio
|00
|00
200
ylo0
= b
contrale
Jh
b+d
(00+300
-257)
.Cdds hatie
=ad
bc
l00y 300
hawe 3 imes mote
Aumes
metal
mocbidity than, that
expoed to
Wotkees
haxig JioapirateyAumes
’ chances
o
to metal
exposed
net
12
Day 3
C
Examples of Cohort Study: (4)
weight onc
Bith
o
atheet
he
measubu
stud,c
coho
a
cildhon
(Q)sn an atlempt to
ouwth o
subsequert child
Bith wt. ley han'c
Examples of Screening Test (2)
ix Catied
out
Qut
300 childtón à
300
takon
nemal Wt. (>2-S ka) wehe
2:5 kg d 300 Retultt Nee
follaued up
al followt.
>2:5kg
<5kg
No of childnen
300
300..
Malnowiahed
102
51
studied
th Weight
Bir
ow
=
facto
studied
’ Expesuwe
expotd
amsng
malnuthi
Juote o
|02
300
-’ Qccuhenpe Jate
51
-f34.47
|D0
exporod
non
Ymal nut wtion ambrny
yI00
300
14
15
Au
potuhl
the
(malnoutiahmart)
sed artsng
2
able
toattibut
2
children
ease diu
iu 50/.
&,
5Atubutable
Jiuk
7.
3
34
1 =
,1b0
17 =-17 =34
TNE
TE
=isk butabe
Te-
higher
in
expestd
aa
to
non Corpated
Ahowt
h
emalnututiory/
o4ed
tardation
2 i
AHu
oRisk
INE
3421
Ie Jusk ’Kelahive
0
