“Introduction and Risk”
What marked the end of the swing bands?
● The end of world war 2
At the end of World War 2, what freewheeling , competitive, and demanding musical situation
became a model for jazz?
● The small group Jam session
What was the name of the new, angular, exciting, and frenetic new style of small group jazz?
● Bebop
“Trying to Play Clean”
What was charlie parker surprised to discover when he returned to New York after his rehab in
Los Angeles?
● Many young musicians, on all instruments, were emulating Parker's playing style.
Who insisted on called the new style of jazz “bebop”
● Music critics
After World War 2, how long did young black Americans begin to feel about Louis Armstrong?
● They felt that Armstrong was fulfilling too many stereotypes
“This is My Home”
What did Charlie Parker do when he returned from Europe to help broaden his audience?
● He made recordings playing with orchestras
What new club opened in New York that was named after “the new king of bop” , Charlie
Parker?
● Birdland
What had a devastating impact on jazz musicians in New York?
● Heroine
“Cool”
What became the labels for the new style of jazz happening in California after World War 2
popularized by baritone saxophonist Gerry Mulligan and pianist Dave Brubeck?
● Cool and West Coast Jazz
Who was Norman Granz?
● Jazz promoter and producer that great “Jazz at the Philharmonic,” a traveling all-star,
integrated concert series promoting jazz music and striving for equal treatment of all
musicians despite their color.
“The Future Unlived” and Coda
What tragedy caused Charlie Parker to spiral out of control?
● The death of his two year old daughter
How old was Bird at his untimely death at the stanhope hotel in 1955?
● 34 years old
How did Miles Davis kick his heroin habit?
● Locked himself in the guesthouse if his fathers farm and didn't eat or drink for 7 days
“Introduction and “The Adventure”
What continued to shrink the audiences and interest in jazz music in the 1950s?
● The creation and popularity of Soul and Rock and Roll music.
“The Titan”
What innovative tenor saxophonist became a star and heir-apparent to Charlie Parker?
● Sonny Rollins
Where did Duke Ellington find rejuvenation for his career?
● With a wildly popular performance at the Newport Jazz festival in 1956 that was also
released as a live recording that became his best selling album of all time.
“Eavesdropping”
What type of playing and music started earning new audiences for Miles Davis?
● His sensitive and delicate interpretation of ballads.
What did Miles Davis do to enable him to be free to sign with Columbia Records?
● Finished four albums in two days for Prestige records to complete his contractual obligation to
them.
Who was Clifford Brown?
● Trumpet playing virtuoso that was the consummate professional, shunning alcohol and drugs to
focus on playing his very best of all the time.
Who was Sarah Vaughn?
● Innovative jazz vocalist with great harmonic sophistication and technical prowess that thought of
herself as a “musician” and not just a “singer.”
“Ooftah”
What bothered a lot of people, particularly young black Americans, about louis armstrong?
● Armstrong did not seem to distinguish between art and entertainment
What caused Louis Armstrong to take a public stand for equal rights?
● Seeing to problems of school integration in Arkansas on the news on television
“The Messengers”
Who was Art Blakey?
● Drummer and band leader then lead his “jazz messengers” band playing hard bop jazz for
over 40 years.
What did “hard bop” stand for?
● A style of jazz that contained overt gospel and blues influences, provided an earthy
alternative to west coast jazz, and represented a return to African American musical roots
What two legends and friends died from substance abuse just two months apart from each other
in 1959?
● Lester Young and Billie Holiday
“Inside/Outside”
Who was the highest paid jazz musician, black and white, in the 1950s?
● Miles Davis
What did Miles Davis astonish the world with in 1959?
● His innovative modal album Kind of Blue
“Existence Music”
Who was John Coltrane?
●
What did John Coltrane do to jazz?
●
Who was in the classic John Coltrane Quartet?
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