PENPILIPEH
RATTLERUIE
MISOMSDINE
LONIALOC
MONTECARPORY
Review: (Mind-mapping) State and enumerate your thoughts
and ideas about Philippine literature together with your group.
Then, let students explain their work afterwards. (5grps)
Philippine Literature
Each group will be assigned to different ways of presenting their work.
Group 1 – Classroom setting (Teacher with students)
Group 2- News Report (televised)
Group 3- Movie lines
Group 4- TV Advertisement
Group 5- Sing It! (choose your tune)
Ask the students the following questions?
1. How did you find our activity?
2. Through the given ideas of each group,
how would you define Philippine
literature?
3. Do you have any favorite Philippine
literary piece/s? Cite some.
Hugot time
Analysis
1. What did you feel in this activity?
2. What can you say about the hugot
lines?
3. Are Hugot Lines connected with
Philippine literature? How?
21st
Century
Literature
Literature
• Is a body of written works.
• Originated from oral traditions.
• Are imaginative works.
• Deals with stories and poetry.
• The content depends on the
author.
21st
Century
Literature
Three Points of Literature
• Literature portrays human
experience.
• Authors interpret these human
experiences.
• It is an art form and a style of
expression.
The
Three
Literary
Periods
BC-1564
The
Pre-Colonial
Period
The Pre-Colonial Period
• This existed before the
Spanish occupation in the
1500s.
• It is oral in nature and is full of
lessons and ideas about life, its
blessings,
and
its
consequences.
• It contains ideas from birth to the grave.
The Pre-Colonial Period
• The oral characteristic of pre-colonial
literature gives the possibility for many
alterations.
• In the Philippine context, no matter how
it may be considered as altered, precolonial literature is still revered to by
many Filipinos.
• The sources are usually the local native
town folk.
Forms
1. Oral Literature
a. Riddles
b. Proverbs
2. Folk Songs
a. Lullabies
b. Drinking Songs
c. Love Songs
d. SongsofDeath
e. Religious Songs
3. Folk Tales
a.Myths
b. Legends
c.Fables
d. Epics
Riddles (Mga Bugtong)
• These are statements that contain superficial
words, but they function figuratively and as
metaphors, and are in the form of questions.
• These are
questions that
demand
deeper answers.
• Deals with everyday life.
• It usually has mundane things as answers.
• This is used in the past as a form of game in small
or large gatherings.
Examples:
Bisaya
Baboy sa lasang, (A wild pig of the forest,)
Ang tunok puro lansang. (Is covered with
spikes.)
Answer: Nangka (Jackfruit)
Examples:
Meranaw
Sominub lawiyan, (It dived,)
Mbowat lawitan. (It rose.)
Answer: Ragum (Needle)
Examples:
Chabacano
Tagia que tagia, (You keep on slashing it,)
Hende ta penetra. (But it does not penetrate)
Answer: Agua (Water)
Proverbs (Mga Salawikain)
• These are statements that are considered
as wise.
• These are usually given by parents or elders
of the community.
• There is belief
that experience is
the best teacher.
Examples:
Mandaya on Viriginity
Yang ataog aw madugdug, (An egg once
broken,)
Di da mamauli. (Will never be the same.)
Examples:
Tausug on Secret Affairs
Ilocano on Guilt
In lasa iban uba, (Love
and cough,)
Di hikatapuk. (Cannot
be hidden.)
Ti agutak, (He who
cackles
Isut nagitlog. (Laid
the egg.)
Folk Songs
• These are folk lyrics that are usually
chanted.
• These usually contain ideas on
aspirations, hopes, everyday life and
expressions of love for lovedones.
• It is bounded by the learning of good
morals.
• It is easy to undestand because it is
straightforward and not figurative in
nature.
Forms
• Lullabies- these is locally known as the Hele.
These are sung to put to sleep babies. The
content varies, but usually, parents sing these
with ideas on how hard life is and how they hope
that their child will not
experience the hardships of life.
• DrinkingSongs- these are locally known asTagay and are
sung during drinking sessions.
• Love Songs- to many Filipinos, these
are known as the Harana. It can also be
called Courtship Songs and are used by
young men to capture the heart of the
girl that theylove.
• Religious Songs- are songs or chants that are usually given
during exorcisms and thanksgiving during goodharvest.
• Songs of Death- are lamentations that contain the roll of
good deeds that the dead has usually done to immortaliz his
or her good image.
Examples:
Lullabies
Ilocano
Maturog,
duduayya
Maturog kad tay bunga,
Taylalaki nganapigsa
Ta inton dumakkel tay bunga,
Isunto aya tay mammati
Tayamon a ibagame.
Go to sleep, dear little one
Will my child please sleep,
This strong boy
So when the child grows big
He will obey
Everything that we say.
Folk Tales (Mga Kwentong Bayan)
• These are stories of native Filipinos.
• These deal with the power of naturepersonified, their submission to a deityusually Bathala- and how this deity is
responsible for the blessings and
calamities.
• These also tackle about irresponsibility, lust, stupidity,
deception, and fallibility that eventually leads to the instilling
of good morals.
Usual Themes:
• Ceremonies needed to appease the
deities.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pre and Post apocalypse
Life and Death
Gods and Goddesses
Heroes and Heroines
Supernatural beings
Animals
Forms
• Myths- these tackle the natural to strange
occurences of the earth and how things were
created with an aim to give an explanation to
things.
-There is Bathala for the Tagalogs and the
Gueurang for the Bikolanos.
- Paradise is known as Maca, while Hell is
Kasanaaan
• Legends- through legends, the natives
understood mysteries around them.
These stories usually come with a moral
lesson that give credit to supernatural
powers, supernatural occurences, and
other
out-ofthis-world
native
imagination.
• Fables- are short or brief stories that cater the children of
the native
Filipinos and are usually bounded by good manners and
right conduct. These stories use animals as characters that
represent a particular value or characteristic.
• Epics- are very lengthy narratives that are based on oral
traditions.
These contain encounters of fighters,
stereotypical princes or heroes that save a damsel in
distress.
Examples:
Myths
The Story of Bathala
Ang Pag-aaway ng Dagat at Langit
Legends
The Legend of Maria Makiling
The Legend of the Sampaguita
Fables
Ang Kuneho at and Pagong
Si Juan Tamad
Epics
Hinilawod
Darangen
1521-1898
The
SPANISH
Period
The Spanish Period
• The start of the Philippine's more colorful history
took place in March 6, 1521 when Ferdinand
Magellan docked on the shores of Homonhon.
• The Filipinos were then called “Ladinos”, meaning
they were latinized.
• Filipinos were called two things. One is the “Taga-Bayan”, while the other is
the “Taga-bukid” or “Taga-bundok”.
• A person who is a Taga-bayan is considered urbane and civilized and were in
easy range of the church and state.
• A person who is a Taga-bundok or Taga-bukid is called a Bruto Salvage (Savage
Brute) or Indio and were the ones who lived far from the center of the
Spanish power.
Forms
1. Religious Literature
a. Pasyon
b. Senakulo
c. Komedya
3. Propaganda Literature
2. Secular or
Non-Religious Literature
a. Awit
b. Korido
c. Prose Narratives
4. Revolutionary Literature
Religious Literature
• Revolves around the life and the death of
Jesus Christ.
Forms of ReligiousLiterature:
Pasyon-it is about the passion (journey and suffering) and the death of Jesus
Christ.
Senakulo- it is the re-enctment of thePasyon.
Komedya- it depicts the European society through love and fame, but can also
be a narrative about a journey, just like Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. It is
also considered religous, because it usually depicts the battle between the
Christians and the Saracens or the Moros.
Secular or Non- Religious Literature
• Revolves around tales of valiance and adventure.
Forms of Secular or Non-Religious Literature:
Awit- these are tales of chivalry where a knight saves a princess. Florante at
Laura is a good example.
Korido- is a metrical tale or a tale that follows the struture ofa poem.
Prose Narratives- are easy to understand instructional materials that in a
literary light that teaches Filipinos on proper decorum. Pagsusulatan ng
Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at Feliza (1864) is a good example.
Propaganda Literature
• These were in the forms of satires, editorials, and
news articles that aimed to attack the Spanish
Rule.
• The propaganda trinity is composed of Dr.
Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del
Pilar, and
Graciano LopezJaena.
Examples
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Ang Fray Botod- One of his works written in Jaro, Iloilo in 1876, six years after
the Cavite Revolt attacking the friars in the Philippines. He exposed how some
of the friars were greedy, ambitious andimmoral.
LA HIJA DEL FRAILE (The Child of the Friar) and
EVERYTING IS HAMBUG (Everything is mere show)Here Jaena explains the tragedy of marrying a
Spaniard.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
KAIINGAT KAYO (Be Careful)- a humorous and sarcastic dig in answer to Fr. Jose
Rodriquez in the novel NOLI of Rizal, published in Barcelona in 1888. He used
Dolores Manapat aspen-name here.
DASALAN AT TOCSOHAN (Prayers and Jokes)- similar to a cathecism but
sarcastically done agains the parish priests, published in Barcelona in 1888.
Because of this, del Pilar was called “filibuster.” Done in admirable tone of
supplication and excellent use of Tagalog.
ANG CADAQUILAAN NG DIOS (God’sGoodness)published in Barcelona, it was also like a
cathecism sarcastically aimed against the
parish priests but also contains a philosophy of
the power and intelligence of God and an
appreciation for and love for nature.
Dr. Jose Rizal
NOLI ME TANGERE- his was the novel that gave spirit to the propaganda
movement and paved the way to the revolution against Spain. In this book, he
courageously exposed the evils in the Spanish-run government in the
Philippines.
Revolutionary Literature
• are exposes that sparked revolution and
resistance in the hearts of Filipinos.
Examples:
Andres Bonifacio
Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Obligations of our Countrymen)
– an outline of obligations just like the Ten Commandments, hence, it is likewise
called Ang Dekalogo.
Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog (What the Tagalogs should Know) – an
essay outlining the basic tenets of Bonifacio’s ideas on nationalism.
Examples:
Emilio Jacinto
Liwanag at Dilim (Light and Darkness) – a
collection of essays on different subjects like
freedom, work, faith, government and love of
country.
Apolinario Mabini
El Desarollo y Caida de la Republica Filipina (The Rise and Fall of the
Philippine Republic) – this essay highlights the establishment of the
Philippine republic and its subsequent doom due to disunity among the
Filipinos.
Examples:
Dr. Jose Rizal
El Filibusterismo– This is a sequel to the NOLI. While the
NOLI exposed the evils in society, the FILI exposed those in
the government and in the church. However, the NOLI has
been dubbed the novel of society while that of FILI is that of
politics.
Publications
El Heraldo de la Revolucion (Herald of the Revolution)
– printed the decrees of the Revolutionary
Government, news and works in Tagalog that aroused nationalism.
This is the Official Newspaper of the RevolutionaryGovernment
of Aguinaldo.
La Independencia (Independence) – an independent newspaper founded and
edited by General Antonio Luna.
La Republica Filipina (The Philippine Republic) – a private newspaper edited by
Pedro Paterno.
La Libertad (Liberty) – another private newspaper edited by ClementeZulueta.
1900-1942
The
AMERICAN
Period
The American Period
• The Philippines had a great leap in
Education and Culture.
• The use of English alongside Filipino was practiced.
• The Philippines
Public School
system was introduced.
• Free public instruction was given to the Filipinos.
• The literature during the American period was considered
as imitative of American model. Instead of asking the
students to write originals, students ended up following
the form ofAmerican poets.
Forms
1. Poetry- poetry under the American rule
still followed the style of the old, but had
contents that ranged from free writing to
societal concerns under theAmericans.
2. Drama- was usually used in the American period to degrade the
Spanish rule and to immortalize the heroism of the men who
fought under the Katipunan.
3.RemakeNovelstook up Dr. Jose
Rizal's portrayal
of
social conditions by colonial repression.
Poetry
Jose Corazon de Jesus (1832-1896) popularly known
as “Batute,” created his own generation with his first
book of poems.
with such nonMga Gintong Dahon (1920)- were poems pre-occupied
traditional themes as passion-slaying, grief-induced, insanity, and lover’s
suicide.
Sa Dakong Silangan (1928)- returned to the awit form, retelling the history of
Philippines under Spain, the coming of the U.S under the guise of friendship to
take over from Spain
Drama
Severino Reyes (1861-1942) – spearheaded a
movement to supplant the komedya with a new
type of drama, the sarsuwela, a Filipino
adaptation of the Spanishzarzuela.
Examples:
Walang Sugat (1902)- is a sarsuwela (drama in the form singing)
drawn from the period of Revolution, depicting the cruelty and
corruption of friars and the heroism of the soldiers of theKatipunan.
Other successful sarsuwelas:
Hindi Aco Patay (1903) by Juan Matapang Cruz
Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas (1903) by Aurelio
Tolentino- is an allegorical presentation of the
history of the nationalist struggle and how the
U,S. frustrated the Philippine revolution.
Tanikalang
Guinto (1902) by Juan
Abad (18721932)- is about Liwanag and K’Ulayaw, lovers who stand for
freedom and the Filipino.
Remake Novels
Gabriel Beato Francisco (1850-1935)- is best known
for his trilogy of Fulgencia Galbillo (1907),Capitan
Bensio (1907), Alfaro (1909), depicting the 30 years of colonial
repression by the Spanish rule.
Inigo Ed. Regalado (1888-1976)- Madaling Araw (1909) was his first novel
showing the complex interrelations of issues and people in contemporary
Philippine society.
Juan Lauro Arsciwals (1889-1928)- Lalaking Uliran o Tulisan (1914), allusion to
the colonial law that branded Filipino patriots asbandits.
1941-1945
The
JAPANESE
Period
1946- 1985
The
REPUBLIC
The Japanese Period and the Republic
• The Philippine literature came into a halt.
• The use of the English language was forbidden, and
the use of the Filipino language was mandated
under the Japanese rule.
• For some this was a problem, but to most writers,
it was a blessing in disguise.
• Almost all news papers were stopped except for
some.
• Filipino literature was given a break during this
period. Many wrote plays, poems, short stories,
etc. Topics and themes were often about life in the
provinces.
Forms
1.Poetry
2.Fiction
3.Drama
4.Newspapers
5.Essays
Drama
The drama experienced a lull during the
Japanese period because movie houses showing
American films were closed. The big movie houses
were just made to show stage shows. Many of the plays
were reproductions of English plays to Tagalog.
Newspapers
Writings that came out during this period were journalistic in nature. Writers felt
suppressed but slowly, the spirit of nationalism started to seep into their
consciousness. While some continued to write, the majority waited for a better
climate to publish their works.
Poetry
The common theme of most poems
during the Japanese occupation was
nationalism, country,
love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion and the arts.
Fiction
The field of the short story widened during the Japanese
Occupation. Many wrote short stories.
Essays
Essays were composed to
glorify the Filipinos and at the
same time to figuratively attack
the Japanese.
LITERATURE
OF
THE PHILIPPINES
TODAY
21st Century Literature
In the 21st centruy Philippines, there are a lot of
literary innovations that are adapted and created by
Filipinos. Nowadays, even those who do not haveany
significant literary background make their own way using the freedom
that they have to write and to express.
There are a lot of new forms from the basic genres of literature; thus,
proving how far the literature in the Philippines has gone and how far
it will go on fromhere.
END
Application
Group Activity (PT1)
Same set of 5 groups must creatively create a WEB
MAP about the importance of knowing and studying
the PHILIPPINE LITERATURE on a Manila paper/white
cartolina.
Rubrics:
Content (Importance explained) – 50
Creativity and Originality- 40
Cleanliness and Timeliness- 10
TOTAL: ----------- 100 pts.
QUIZ #1
DIRECTIONS:
Read the following carefully.
Then, write the letter of the
correct answer on your
answer sheet.
1. What is said to be the
story of man?
A. Hugot lines
B. Literature
C. Riddles
D. Proverbs
2. Which literature period is oral in
nature, full of lessons and the
sources are usually the native town
folk?
A.Pre-colonial
B.Spanish
C.American
D.Contemporary
3. Which literature period where
religious, secular, propaganda, and
revolutionary literary pieces are
arising?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pre-colonial
Spanish
American
Japanese&Republic
4. Which of the following did NOT
happen during the Japanese and
The Republic period?
A.English language banned
B.Newspapers stopped
C.Filipino language mandated
D.Remake of novels
5. Why is it important to know and study
Philippine literature?
A. Because it is needed to pass the subject.
B. Because it helps to enhance my reading
skills.
C. Because it is part of my culture and
heritage, I shall know and appreciate the past
and my roots.
D. Because it is about Filipinos.
References:
www.wheninmanila.com,
www.slideshare.net,
www.ungeek.ph