Teacher’s
Resource Book
Irene Barrall
B2
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with
MyEnglishLab
Dual access to Online workbook
and Resources
access code inside
A resource bank Downloadable coursebook resources such as video clips,
audio files, extra practice activities and supplementary Reading bank,
Writing bank and Functional language bank.
An interactive workbook for assigning practice and tests.
B2
Discover the innovative world of Business Partner, a new eight-level business
English course for learners and professionals who want to communicate
effectively in English in the workplace. Business Partner offers a holistic
approach to teaching language and communication skills through video
and communicative tasks.
Business Partner Teacher’s Resource Book provides:
• A detailed introduction and unit walkthrough explaining the approach
and methodology behind the course.
• Detailed teacher’s notes with suggestions on how to use the material
with mixed-ability classes.
• A business brief for each unit with information on the business
topics covered.
• A Reading bank with additional reading texts and activities,
a Writing bank with supplementary models of professional
communication, and a Functional language bank with
useful phrases for a range of business situations such
as presentations, meetings and interviews.
• Photocopiable activities for extra classroom practice.
• All coursebook resources and extra teacher’s
resources are available for download in
MyEnglishLab (access code
inside this book)
10
Course components
• Coursebook with Digital Resources
• Coursebook with MyEnglishLab
(Online workbook and Resources)
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
B2 +
C1
C2
Level 8: C1
Level 7: B2+
Level 6: B2
Level 5: B1+
Level 4: B1
• Workbook with audio and answer key
Level 3: A2+
• Teacher’s Resource Book with
MyEnglishLab
Level 2: A2
• ActiveTeach
20
Level 1: A1
CEFR
<A1
A1
A2 +
B1 +
Learn more about the Global Scale of English at english.com/gse
Find out more about the course, the resources and the digital components
on the Business Partner website: www.pearsonelt.com/businesspartner
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REGISTER FOR MyEnglishLab
to download all the coursebook resources and access the interactive
workbook.
1 Uncover the access code below.
2 Go to www.myenglishlab.com/businesspartner
3 Click on
Register
ACCESS CODE
This access code can only be used once.
Do not buy this book if the protective cover has been removed.
For information on the content of MyEnglishLab,
please go to page 9 of this book.
NEED HELP?
Go to www.myenglishlab.com/businesspartner for information about:
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Teacher’s
Resource Book
Irene Barrall
B2
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Student’s Book contents
Contents
UNIT 1
1.1
CORPORATE CULTURE p.7
Videos: 1.1 A culture of equal pay
1.3 Building relationships
1.2 Employee
retention
1.3 Communication
skills: Building
relationships
1.4 Business skills:
Presenting yourself
1.5 Writing: A
company news blog
Business workshop
Video: A culture of
equal pay
Reading: Work-life
balance schemes
Video:
Building
relationships
Model text: A company
news blog
Vocabulary: Elements of
corporate culture
Grammar: Future
Continuous and Future
Perfect Simple
Functional language:
Building trust
Listening:
Presenting
yourself to a new project
team
Listening:
Employee
suggestions for
improvements
Workplace culture
Pronunciation:
Stress in compound
nouns (p.114)
Project: Company policy
Task: Choosing a
candidate
Pronunciation:
Auxiliary verbs (p.114)
Speaking: How do you
see yourself in the future?
Functional language:
Self-presentation
Task: Presenting
yourself to international
colleagues
Functional language:
Structuring a company
news blog
Grammar: L
with be
Phrases
Task: Write a blog
Keeping the workforce
happy (p.88)
1
Reading: Analysing a
survey
Task: Brainstorm ways to
improve staff retention
Writing: A proposal
confirming your ideas
Review p.104
UNIT 2
2.1
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT p.17
Learning on the
job
Video: Types of
training
Pronunciation:
Stressing key words in
sentences (p.114)
Videos: 2.1 Types of training
2.3 Team communication
2.2 Human resource
strategies
2.3 Communication
skills: Team
communication
2.4 Business skills:
Facilitating a meeting
2.5 Writing: A training
request
Business workshop
Listening:
Strategy for
training and development
across a whole company
Video:
Team
communication
Listening:
Possible
changes to learning
management
Model text: Email with
a request for training
Listening:
Regional
HR Directors discussing
training issues
Grammar: Modals in the
passive voice
Vocabulary: Training and
development
Speaking: Agreeing
action points
Project: Induction to a
new job
Writing: A memo
outlining action points
Functional language:
Exchanging ideas
Task: Organising a
team-building event
Pronunciation:
Linking between words
(p.114)
Functional language:
Facilitating a discussion
Task: Facilitating a
discussion to come to an
agreement
Functional language:
Requests and reasons
Grammar: L Linking
words for reason and
purpose
Task: Write an email
requesting a course
Quality service for all
(p.90)
2
Reading: Analysis of
Regional Directors’
reports
Task: Create and present
an online course
Review p.105
UNIT 3
FINANCE p.27
3.3 Managing bad news
3
3.1 Recessions and
depressions
3.3 Communication
skills: Managing bad
news
3.4 Business skills:
Telephoning to clarify
3.5 Writing: Annual
report summary
Business workshop
rivals
Video: Past crashes
and crises
Reading: Adidas raises
targets
Video:
news
Model text: Summary of
an annual report
Vocabulary: Finance and
economic crises
Grammar: Expressing
certainty and probability;
Position of adverbs and
adverbial phrases
Functional language:
Responding to bad news
Listening:
A phone
conversation to check
details
Listening:
Managers’
meeting and a guide to VC
investment
Pronunciation:
The letter ‘t’ (p.115)
Pronunciation:
Strong and weak forms
of that (p.115)
Speaking: Discussing
future changes
Task: Balancing positives
with negatives when
giving bad news
Functional language:
Asking for clarification
and paraphrasing
Project: Research the
history of a bank or
financial institution
3.2
Videos: 3.1 Past crashes and crises
Catching up with
Managing bad
Task: Making a call to
clarify information in
a financial document
Functional language:
Useful phrases for annual
report summaries
Investment opportunities
(p.92)
Speaking: Describing and
analysing graphs
Grammar: L
Articles – a/an, the,
no article
Task: Presenting a
company that is worth
investing in
Task: Write an annual
report summary for
shareholders
Writing: A report
explaining your
investment decision
Review p.106
UNIT 4
4.1
DIGITAL BUSINESS p.37
Digital disruptors
Video: A disruptive
marketing start-up
Vocabulary: Digital
business and technology
Pronunciation:
Stress in word building
(p.115)
Project: Disruptive
technology
4.2
Videos: 4.1 A disruptive marketing start-up
Talking technology
Listening:
Product
presentations at a trade
show
Grammar: Zero, first and
second conditionals;
Linkers
Speaking: Trade show
demonstration of an app
Writing: Instructions for
the app
4.3 Handling difficult communicators
4
4.3 Communication
skills: Handling difficult
communicators
4.4 Business skills:
Negotiating strategies
4.5 Writing: Short
business proposal
Business workshop
Video:
Handling
difficult communicators
Listening:
Positional
and principled
negotiation
Model text: Short
business proposal
Reading: Robots in the
workplace
Functional language:
Useful phrases for
business proposals
Listening:
Incidents
with robots at an
exhibition
Grammar: L Noun
phrases to replace verb
phrases
Task: Analyse feedback
statistics and discuss
future improvements
Task: Write a short
proposal
Writing: A report
analysing feedback and
giving recommendations
Functional language:
Keeping a meeting on
track
Task: Managing a difficult
meeting successfully
Pronunciation:
Stress in phrases
(p.115)
Functional language:
Reaching agreement in
a negotiation
Task: Negotiating an
agreement at work
Rise of the robots (p.94)
Review p.107
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UNIT 5
PERFORMANCE p.47
Videos: 5.1 The cyber manager
5.3 Managing challenging feedback
5
5.1 Performance
and rewards
5.2 A culture of
rewards
5.3 Communication
skills: Managing
challenging feedback
5.4 Business skills:
Reviewing projects
5.5 Writing:
Performance review
summary
Business workshop
Video: The cyber
manager
Reading: How to develop
a rewarding culture
Video:
Managing
challenging feedback
Listening:
A project
review meeting
Model text: Performance
review summary
Vocabulary: Rewarding
performance
Grammar: Linking words
and concessive clauses
Project: Moving up in the
company
Pronunciation:
Intonation and linking
words (p.116)
Functional language:
Responding to
challenging feedback
Functional language:
Leading and participating
in review meetings
Functional language:
Positive comments and
constructive criticism
Listening:
A meeting
to find new ways of
rewarding performance
Pronunciation:
Intonation when
handling challenging
feedback (p.116)
Task: A performance
development workshop
Grammar: L
verbs
Speaking: Concessions
and compromises in your
own life
Phrasal
Task: Write a performance
review summary
Task: Responding to
feedback
Changing expectations
(p.96)
Task: Negotiating for
change in rewards/
benefits
Speaking: How the
negotiations went
Review p.108
UNIT 6
6.1
ETHICS p.57
Videos: 6.1 Ethics in the fashion industry
6
6.3 Communication
skills: Transparency in
business
6.4 Business skills:
Sales and selling
6.5 Writing: Company
newsletter
Business workshop
line
Video: Ethics in the
fashion industry
Listening:
The triple
bottom line
Video:
Transparency in
business
Listening:
A local
networking event
Model text: Company
newsletter
Reading: Articles on the
ethics of AFhomes
Vocabulary: Business
ethics
Grammar: Third
conditional
Pronunciation:
Contractions and weak
forms in third conditionals
(p.116)
Functional language:
Selling a product or
service
Functional language:
Recent news, current
news and future plans
Listening:
A radio
investigative programme
Project: Survey – How
ethical are your clothes?
Functional language:
Voicing and responding to
concerns
Task: Voicing and
responding to concerns
with a colleague
Task: Promoting a product
or service
Grammar: L Linking
words for causes and results
Ethical choices
6.2
6.3 Transparency in business
The triple bottom
AFhomes, Tanzania (p.98)
Task: An action plan
to maintain ethical
reputation
Pronunciation:
Chunking, pausing and
stress when reading aloud
(p.116)
Speaking: Discuss an
organisation’s ethical
performance
Task: Write a newsletter
Review p.109
UNIT 7
7.1
TIME MANAGEMENT p.67
Managing time
7.2
Videos: 7.1 Time management
Smart work
7.3 Dealing with matters of urgency
7
7.3 Communication
skills: Dealing with
urgency
7.4 Business skills:
Difficult negotiations
7.5 Writing: An email
giving reasons
Business workshop
Model text: An email
giving reasons
Listening:
Details of an
upcoming trade fair
Task: Create a plan to
exhibit at a trade fair
Video: Time
management
Reading: Cutting
overtime in Japan
Video:
Dealing with
matters of urgency
Listening:
meeting
Vocabulary: Managing
time
Grammar: Adverbials and
time expressions
Functional language:
Discussing priorities
Project: The working from
home debate
Pronunciation:
Stress in adverbials and
time expressions (p.117)
Task: Following up on
emails
Functional language:
Dealing with difficulties in
negotiations
Functional language:
Problem, reasons and
required action
Pronunciation:
Intonation when
negotiating (p.117)
Grammar: L
Prepositions of time
Speaking: Are you good
at managing time?
A difficult
Task: Dealing with
difficult people at work
Planning for a trade fair
(p.100)
Writing: A summary of
successful participation in
a trade fair
Task: Write an email
giving reasons
Review p.110
UNIT 8
CHANGE p.77
8.1 Change at
Brompton Bikes
8.2
Video:
Brompton Bikes
Vocabulary: Change
management
Project: Adaptability quiz
Videos: 8.1 Brompton Bikes
8.3 Discussing future options
8.3 Communication
skills: Coaching and
mentoring
8.4 Business skills:
Brainstorming
8.5 Writing: Press
release
Business workshop
Listening:
Difficult
decisions and changes
Video:
Discussing
future options
Listening:
A
brainstorming meeting
Model text: A press
release
Reading: A change at
Michelin
Grammar: Reported
speech and reporting verbs
Functional language:
Coaching and mentoring
Pronunciation:
Voice range (p.117)
Pronunciation:
/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/ and /dʒ/
(p.117)
Task: The GROW model
Functional language:
Leading a brainstorming
session
Functional language:
Useful phrases for a press
release
Reading and listening:
Rumours about a
company
Grammar: L Passive
voice with reporting verbs
Task: Putting a stop to
rumours
Managing change
Task: Brainstorming in
small groups
Speaking and writing:
Telling and reporting a
story
8
Chillhot Sauces, Malaysia
(p.102)
Task: Write a press release
Review p.111
Pronunciation p.112
Grammar reference p.118
Additional material p.126
Videoscripts p.137
Audioscripts p.144
Glossary p.154
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Contents
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
Unit 7
Unit 8
Introduction
5
Corporate culture
20
Unit overview
20
Business brief
21
Teaching notes
22–32
Training and development
33
Unit overview
33
Business brief
34
Teaching notes
35–47
Finance
48
Unit overview
48
Business brief
49
Teaching notes
50–61
Digital business
62
Unit overview
62
Business brief
63
Teaching notes
64–76
Performance
77
Unit overview
77
Business brief
78
Teaching notes
79–89
Ethics
90
Unit overview
90
Business brief
91
Teaching notes
92–103
Time management
104
Unit overview
104
Business brief
105
Teaching notes
106–117
Change
118
Unit overview
118
Business brief
119
Teaching notes
120–131
Resource bank
132
Videoscripts
191
Audioscripts
199
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Introduction
Overview
Business Partner is a flexible course designed for a variety of learners. It is suitable for
students with mixed abilities, requirements and interests and for varied class sizes where
the common requirement is to learn professional English language and develop key skills
for the workplace.
When talking to learners, their reasons for studying business English almost always relate
to their employability. Many tertiary students want to maximise their chances of finding
a job in an international environment, while in-work professionals want to communicate
more effectively in their workplace and improve their future career prospects. Other
learners may simply need to study and pass a business English exam in order to complete
their overall degree.
In all three cases, teachers need to be able to engage and motivate by providing learning
materials which:
• are interesting and relevant to their life experiences.
• match their learning needs and priorities.
• are appropriate for the amount of study time available.
Business Partner has been designed to enable teachers to meet these needs without
spending many hours researching their own materials. The content and structure of the
course is based on three key concepts: employability, flexibility and learner engagement.
Course aims and
key concepts
Employability
Balance between language and business skills training
In order to achieve their employability goals, learners need to improve their knowledge
of English language as it is used in the workplace and also develop key skills for the
international workplace. Business Partner provides this balance.
In addition to building their vocabulary and grammar and developing their writing skills,
Business Partner trains students in Communication and Business skills. Language being
only one aspect of successful communication, students also require an understanding
of different business situations and an awareness of different communication styles,
especially when working across cultures.
• ‘Communication skills’ (Lesson 3) provides the soft skills needed in order to work
effectively with people whose personality and culture may be different from your own.
These include building relationships, handling difficult communicators and managing
challenging feedback.
• ‘Business skills’ (Lesson 4) provides the practical skills needed in different business
situations, such as facilitating a meeting, difficult negotiations and brainstorming.
Flexibility
The modular approach means that Business Partner can be adapted to suit a variety of
teaching requirements from extensive lessons to intensive short courses. In addition to the
Coursebook, a wide variety of additional optional activities and resources are provided
which can be used to focus on and extend material which is most useful to learners’ needs.
Extra activities and extra grammar points
You can extend your lessons or focus in more depth on certain areas by using the large
bank of extra activities in MyEnglishLab (clearly signposted for you throughout the
Coursebook). These include extra vocabulary and grammar practice exercises for use in
class as well as activities which draw attention to useful language in reading texts.
T
Teacher’s resources: extra activities
L
These are PDFs in MyEnglishLab that you can
download and print or display on-screen.
T
Teacher’s resources: alternative video and activities
Alternative videos with worksheets are available for
some units and are clearly signposted. You can use this in
the classroom as an alternative approach to the topic in
Lesson 1, depending on your students’ needs.
page 112 See Pronunciation bank
The performance review summary contains examples of phrasal
verbs. Go to MyEnglishLab for optional grammar work.
Business Partner offers a flexible approach to grammar depending on
whether you want to devote a significant amount of time to a grammar
topic or focus on consolidation only when you need to. There is one
main grammar point in each unit, presented and practised in Lesson 2.
In addition, the Writing section (Lesson 5) includes a link to an
optional second grammar point in MyEnglishLab, where students
can watch short video presentations of the grammar points and do
interactive activities.
Pronunciation activities are included at the back of the book. This allows teachers
to focus on aspects of pronunciation which are most useful for their students.
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Introduction
Teacher’s Resource Bank: Photocopiables, Writing bank, Reading bank and
Functional language bank
You can use these resources as and when needed with your classes. The Photocopiables
further activate and practise vocabulary from Lesson 1 and grammar from Lesson 2 as and
when needed.
The Reading bank for each unit gives students more reading practice and can be also used
for self-study. The activity types reflect those found in a range of business English exams.
The Writing bank provides supplementary models of professional communication and the
Functional language bank extends useful phrases for a range of business situations.
Learner engagement
Video content: We all use video more and more to communicate and to find out about
the world and we have put video at the heart of Business Partner. There are two videos in
every unit with comprehension and language activities:
• an authentic video package in Lesson 1, based on real-life video clips and interviews
suitable for your learners’ level of English.
• a dramatised communication skills training video in Lesson 3 which follows characters
in an international team as they deal with different professional challenges.
Authentic content: Working with authentic content really helps to engage learners,
and teachers can spend many hours searching for suitable material online. Business
Partner has therefore been built around authentic videos and articles from leading media
organisations such as the Financial Times and news channels. These offer a wealth of
international business information as well as real examples of British, U.S. and
non-native-speaker English.
Relevance for learners without work experience: Using business English teaching
materials with learners who have little or no work experience can be particularly
challenging. Business Partner has been carefully designed to work with these students
as well as with in-work professionals. In the case of collaborative speaking tasks and
roleplays, the situation used will either be:
• one that we can all relate to as customers and consumers; OR
• a choice of situations will be offered including a mix of professional and everyday
situations.
Both will allow learners to practise the skill and language presented in the lesson, but in
a context that is most relevant to them.
Business workshops: Learners have the opportunity to consolidate and activate the
language and skills from the units in 8 business workshops at the end of the book. These
provide interesting and engaging scenarios where students simulate real-life professional
situations such as roleplaying meetings, negotiations or presentations.
Approach to
language and skills
Business Partner offers fully integrated skills, including the essential critical thinking and
higher-order thinking skills, which are built into the activities.
Vocabulary and video The main topic vocabulary set is presented and practised in Lesson
1 of each unit, building on vocabulary from the authentic video. Teachers are given lots of
opportunities to use the vocabulary in discussions and group tasks, and to tailor the tasks
to their classroom situations.
Functional language (such as asking for clarification and summarising, keeping a meeting
on track, discussing priorities) supports learners’ capability to operate in real workplace
situations in English. Three functional language sets are presented and practised in every
unit: in Lessons 3, 4 and 5. You will be able to teach the language in group speaking and
writing tasks. There is a Functional language bank at the back of this Teacher’s Resource
Book which students can also find in MyEnglishLab so that they can quickly refer to useful
language support when preparing for a business situation, such as a meeting, presentation
or interview.
Listening and video The course offers a wide variety of listening activities (based on
both video and audio recordings) to help students develop their comprehension skills
and to hear target language in context. All of the video and audio material is available in
MyEnglishLab and includes a range of British, U.S. and non-native-speaker English. Lessons
1 and 3 are based on video (as described above). In four of the eight units, Lesson 2 is based
on audio. In all units, you also work with significant audio recordings in Lesson 4 and the
Business workshop.
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Introduction
Grammar The approach to grammar is flexible depending on whether you want to devote
a significant amount of time to grammar or to focus on the consolidation of grammar
only when you need to. There is one main grammar point in each unit, presented and
practised in Lesson 2. There is a link from Lesson 5 to an optional second grammar point
in MyEnglishLab – with short video presentations and interactive practice. Both grammar
points are supported by the Grammar reference section at the back of the Coursebook
(p.118). This provides a summary of meaning and form, with notes on usage or exceptions,
and business English examples.
Reading Business Partner offers a wealth of authentic texts and articles from a variety
of sources, particularly the Financial Times. Every unit has a main reading text with
comprehension tasks. This appears either in Lesson 2 or in the Business workshop.
There is a Reading bank at the back of this Teacher’s Resource Book which students
can also find in MyEnglishLab and which has a longer reading text for every unit with
comprehension activities.
Speaking Collaborative speaking tasks appear at the end of Lessons 1, 3, 4 and the
Business workshop in every unit. These tasks encourage students to use the target
language and, where relevant, the target skill of the lesson. There are lots of opportunities
to personalise these tasks to suit your own classroom situation.
Writing Business Partner offers multiple opportunities to practise writing. Lesson 5 in
every unit provides a model text and practice in a business writing skill. The course covers
a wide range of genres such as reports, proposals, note-taking and emails, and for different
purposes, including formal and informal communication, summarising, invitations,
replies and project updates. There are also short writing tasks in Lesson 2 which provide
controlled practice of the target grammar. There is a Writing bank at the back of this
Teacher’s Resource Book which students can also find in MyEnglishLab and which provides
models of different types of business writing and useful phrases appropriate to their level
of English.
Pronunciation Two pronunciation points are presented and practised in every unit.
Pronunciation points are linked to the content of the unit – usually to a video or audio
presentation or to a grammar point. The pronunciation presentations and activities are at
the back of the Coursebook (p.112), with signposts from the relevant lessons. This section
also includes an introduction to pronunciation with British and U.S. phonetic charts.
Approach to
Communication
skills
A key aspect of Business Partner is the innovative video-based communication skills
training programme.
The aims of the Communications skills lessons are to introduce students to the skills
needed to interact successfully in international teams with people who may have different
communication styles from them due to culture or personality. Those skills include team
communication, discussing priorities and coaching and mentoring.
These lessons are based on videos that provide realistic examples of work situations. This
is particularly important for pre-service learners who may not have direct experience of
the particular situations they are about to see. In each of these videos students watch
two possible scenarios (Option A and Option B) in which a different communication style
is used. These options give students the opportunity to engage in critical viewing of each
option and gain awareness of the impact of different communication styles.
Approach to testing
and assessment
Business Partner provides a balance of formative and summative assessment. Both types of
assessment are important for teachers and learners and have different objectives. Regular
review and on-going assessment allows students to evaluate their own progress and
encourages them to persevere in their studies. Formal testing offers a more precise value
on the progress made on their knowledge and proficiency.
Formative assessment: Each Coursebook lesson is framed by a clear lesson outcome which
summarises the learning deliverable. The lesson ends with a self-assessment section which
encourages students to reflect on their progress in relation to the lesson outcome and to
think about future learning needs. More detailed self-assessment tasks and suggestions
for further practice are available in MyEnglishLab. (See also section on the Global Scale of
English and the Learning Objectives for Professional English.)
The Coursebook also contains one review page per unit at the back of the book to recycle
and revise the key vocabulary, grammar and functional language presented in the unit;
they are structured to reflect the modularity of the course.
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Introduction
Summative assessment: Unit tests are provided and activities are clearly labelled to show
which section of the unit they are testing to reflect the modular structure of the course.
The tests are available in PDF and Word formats so that you can adapt them to suit your
purposes. They are also available as interactive tests that you can allocate to your students
if you wish to do so.
These Unit tests are based on task types from the major business English exams (BEC,
BULATS, PTE Professional) and task types are clearly labelled. There is also an additional
LCCI writing task for professional English for every unit. This approach familiarises
learners with the format of the exams and gives them practice in the skills needed to
pass the exams.
MyEnglishLab also contains additional interactive PTE Professional exam practice activities
to help students prepare for this exam. The content and level of the exam tasks matches
the Coursebook so it can also be used as additional revision material.
The Global Scale
of English
The Global Scale of English (GSE) is a standardised, granular scale from 10 to 90 which
measures English language proficiency. The GSE Learning Objectives for Professional
English are aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). Unlike
the CEFR, which describes proficiency in terms of broad levels, the Global Scale of English
identifies what a learner can do at each point on a more granular scale – and within a CEFR
level. The scale is designed to motivate learners by demonstrating incremental progress in
their language ability. The Global Scale of English forms the backbone for Pearson English
course material and assessment.
10
CEFR
20
<A1
30
A1
40
A2 +
50
B1 +
60
70
80
90
B2 +
C1 C2
Learn more about the Global Scale of English at english.com/gse
Business Partner has been written based on these Learning Objectives, which ensure
appropriate scaffolding and measurable progress. Each Lesson outcome in each lesson in
the Coursebook encapsulates a number of specific Learning Objectives which are listed
in this Teacher’s Resource Book in the Teaching notes. These Learning Objectives are also
listed in the Self-assessment sheets available to students in MyEnglishLab. (See also Selfassessment above in Approach to testing and assessment.)
Course structure
Business Partner is an eight-level course based on the Global Scale of English (GSE) and
representing the CEFR levels: A1, A2, A2+, B1, B1+, B2, B2+, C1.
For the teacher
For the student
print
Teacher’s Resource Book with
MyEnglishLab
Coursebook with Digital Resources
blended
Active Teach
Coursebook with MyEnglishLab
Workbook
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MyEnglishLab
Introduction
Business Partner is a fully hybrid course with two digital dimensions that students and
teachers can choose from. MyEnglishLab is the digital component that is integrated with the
book content.
Access to MyEnglishLab is given through a code printed on the inside front cover of this book.
As a teacher, you have access to both versions of MyEnglishLab, and to additional content in
the Teacher’s Resource folder.
Depending on the version that students are using, they will have access to one of the following:
Digital Resources includes downloadable
Coursebook resources, all video clips, all
audio files, Lesson 3 additional interactive
video activities, Lesson 5 interactive grammar
presentation and practice, Reading bank,
Functional Language bank, Writing bank
and My Self-assessment.
MyEnglishLab includes all of the Digital
Resources plus the full functionality and
content of the self-study interactive workbook
with automatic gradebook. Teachers can
also create a group or class in their own
MyEnglishLab and assign workbook activities
as homework.
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Components for the learner
Coursebook
(with access code for MyEnglishLab)
• Eight units, each containing five lessons
(see pages 2–3 for unit overview)
• Eight Business workshop lessons relating
to each of the eight units
• A one-page Review per unit to revise key
language and grammar
• A Pronunciation section which practises
two points from each unit
• A Grammar reference with detailed
explanations and examples
• Videoscripts and audioscripts
• A glossary of key business vocabulary
from the book
Coursebook video and audio material is
available on MyEnglishLab.
MyEnglishLab digital component
Accessed using the code printed on the inside cover of
the Coursebook. Depending on the version of the course
that you are using, learners will have access to one of the
following options:
Digital resources powered by MyEnglishLab
• Video clips
• Audio files and scripts
• Extra Coursebook activities (PDFs)
• Lesson 3 extra interactive video activities
• Lesson 5 interactive grammar presentation and practice
• Reading bank
• Writing bank
• Functional language bank
• PTE Professional™ exam practice
• My Self-assessment
• Workbook audio files and scripts
Full content of MyEnglishLab
• All of the above
• Interactive self-study Workbook with automatic feedback
and gradebook
Workbook
• Additional self-study practice activities, reflecting the structure of
the Coursebook. Activities cover vocabulary, grammar, functional
language, reading, listening and writing.
• Additional self-study practice activities for points presented in the
Coursebook Pronunciation bank.
• Answer key
• Audioscripts
Workbook audio material is available on MyEnglishLab.
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Components for the teacher
Introduction
Teacher’s Resource Book (with access code for MyEnglishLab)
• Teaching notes for every lesson
including warm-ups, background/
culture notes and answer keys
• Business brief for every unit with
background information on the
unit topic and explanations of
key terminology; it gives teachers
an insight into contemporary
business practices even if they have
not worked in these particular
environments.
• Photocopiable activities – two per unit
with teaching notes and answer keys
• Reading bank – an extended reading
text for every unit with comprehension
activities (+ answer keys)
• Writing bank – models of different
types of business writing with useful
phrases
• Functional language bank – useful
phrases for different business
situations, e.g. meetings, interviews
• Videoscripts and audioscripts
MyEnglishLab digital component
Accessed using the code printed on the inside
cover of the Teacher’s Resource Book.
Coursebook resources
• Video clips and scripts
• Audio files and scripts
• Extra Coursebook activities (PDFs)
• Lesson 3 extra interactive video activities
for self-study
• Lesson 5 interactive grammar
presentation and practice for
self-study
• PTE Professional™ exam practice
• My Self-assessment: a document that
students can use to record their progress
and keep in their portfolio
Workbook resources
• Self-study interactive version of the
Workbook with automatic feedback
and gradebook
• Teachers can assign Workbook activities
as homework
• Workbook audio files and audioscripts
Teacher’s Book resources
• Alternative videos (Units 1 & 4)
and extra activities
• Photocopiable activities + teaching
notes and answer keys
• Reading bank + answer keys
• Writing bank
• Functional language bank
Tests
• Unit tests (PDFs and Word), including
exam task types (BEC, BULATS, LCCI)
• Interactive Unit tests, with automatic
gradebook
• Tests audio files
• Tests answer keys
ActiveTeach
• Digital version of the
Teacher’s Resource
Book
• Digital version of the
Coursebook with
classroom tools for
use on an interactive
whiteboard
• Video clips and scripts
• Audio files and scripts
• Extra Coursebook
activities (PDFs)
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A unit of the Coursebook
Unit overview page
1
A well-known or provocative quote related to the unit topic is provided as a talking point. There
are suggestions for how to use the quote in the Teacher’s Resource Book notes for each unit.
2
The Unit overview summarises the contents of each lesson as well as the lesson outcomes.
3
Content at the back of the book which extends the unit is highlighted: the Business workshop,
Review, Pronunciation bank and Grammar reference.
2
Training and development
1
‘The only thing
worse than training
your employees and
having them leave is
not training them and
having them stay.’
Henry Ford, founder
Ford Motor Company
2
Unit overview
2.1
2.2
Learning on the job
Video: Types of training
Lesson outcome: Learners can use vocabulary related to training
and development.
Vocabulary: Training and development
Project: Induction to a new job
Human resource strategies
Listening: Strategy for training and development across
a whole company
Lesson outcome: Learners can use modal verbs in the passive
voice to talk about ability, (lack of) obligation, necessity,
permission, possibility, prohibition and recommendation.
2.3
2.4
2.5
Grammar: Modals in the passive voice
Speaking and writing: Agreeing action points
Communication skills: Team communication
Video: Team communication
Lesson outcome: Learners are aware of different ways to work in
teams and can use a range of phrases for exchanging ideas.
Functional language: Exchanging ideas
Task: Organising a team-building event
Business skills: Facilitating a meeting
Listening: Possible changes to learning management
Lesson outcome: Learners are aware of ways to facilitate a
discussion and can use a range of phrases to manage meetings.
Functional language: Facilitating a discussion
Writing: A training request
Model text: Email with a request for training
Lesson outcome: Learners can write an email requesting
a training course and giving reasons.
Grammar: Linking words for reason and purpose
Task: Facilitating a discussion to come to an agreement
Functional language: Requests and reasons
Task: Write an email requesting a course
3
Business workshop 2: p.90
Review 2: p.105
Pronunciation: 2.1 Stressing key words in sentences
2.4 Linking between words p.114
Grammar reference: p.118
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Introduction
Lesson 1
The aims of this lesson are:
• to engage students with the unit topic through a video based on authentic material.
• to present and practise topic business vocabulary, drawing on vocabulary from the video.
• to encourage students to activate the language they have practised in a group project.
4.1
4.1
Digital disruptors
Digital disruptors
Word building – verbs, nouns and adjectives
1
Lesson outcome
6 Complete the table with the correct word forms.
Learners can use vocabulary related to digital business and technology.
Verb
2
1 Complete the definition with the words in the box. Then work with a partner
Lead-in
and think of examples of disruptive technology that have dramatically changed
the way we do things.
disrupts
disruptive
innovation
usually refers to causing problems and preventing something from
Being 1
that creates
continuing in its usual way. In technology, it refers to a(n) 2
existing ones, displacing established companies and
a new market and 3
products, for example the mobile phone replacing fixed phones.
3
VIDEO 2A
4.1.1
, disruptor
6
7
(thing), innovator (person)
8
9
personalise
person, 10
12
13
predictable, predictive
visualise
14
15
4
5 Toon Vanparys says it’s all about participation, anticipation and disruption.
4 Discuss in pairs. Are you afraid of companies collecting and using your data?
7
T
8
5 Complete the sentences with the words from the video.
Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
is the act of copying information from one computer to another.
2 Are you a digital native, a digital immigrant or a digital nomad? Give reasons for your
answers. Check the meaning of the terms online if necessary.
page 115 See Pronunciation bank: Stress in word building
PROJECT: Disruptive technology
9A Work in pairs or small groups. If you could invent a digital application,
in digital marketing is the number of sales generated in relation to the
number of visits to a website.
• their domestic chores, e.g. doing the shopping, washing or cleaning
• the activities they like doing after working/studying
• the importance of ‘semantic time’, i.e. how people’s routines
might differ at certain times of the day
B Present your ideas to the class.
9
5 In computing, a
refers to a piece of software designed to do a particular
task. It can also be a piece of equipment, or a device, or a skill for doing your job.
6 In marketing, DMP stands for Digital Marketing
1 How does digital technology help you every day in your place of work/study?
• where and when they have breakfast, lunch or a snack
3 Data
uses a computer to examine large amounts of data, for example about
customers and collect information that is not easily seen.
4
(irritate) which
(disrupt) today could be out of
• how and when they commute to and from work
tool
1 ‘In the
’ refers to having software or space for storing information on the
internet, rather than on your own computer.
2 A data
(analyse) of consumer data.
e.g. a mobile app, to make your life easier, what would it do? Think
about how this ‘digital disruptor’ would offer a service or product
at a specific time of day and how it would disrupt other businesses.
Consider people’s daily routines.
Digital business and technology
platform
(personal) for your company’s needs.
(predict) technology analyses past behaviour to predict possible future
8 The data collected through your smartphone regarding your everyday movements,
gives a better
(visual) of who you are as a person.
What kind of personal data would you not want companies to access? Why?
mining
(innovate) products.
8 Discuss these questions with a partner.
4 Eileen Burbridge says it would be very useful for companies if the data collected could
be used to increase sales.
dump
personal, 11
7 If your advertisements target the right kind of people for your product, you will get a
much higher
(convert) rate.
3 Analyst Ian Maude says disruptive marketing is a completely new field so there’s very
little competition.
conversion
innovative
irritable, irritated, irritating
, personality
6 Even businesses that are seen as market
date in a short period of time.
2 CEO Toon Vanparys says choosing the right moment is essential if the customer is going
to respond positively.
cloud
converted
5 Contacting customers at the wrong time of day can be an
will not result in a sale.
Correct the incorrect sentences.
5
anticipated
5
behaviour.
1 Sentiance can use the data about a person to find out where they are, how they travel
and how fast they are going.
Vocabulary
4
b helps Belgian companies to attract more customers so that they can target their digital
products and services on people’s way to work in the morning.
different different morning times A everybody routine is for at
6
disrupt
3 He runs a business that specialises in the
3 Watch the video again and decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
Teacher’s resources:
alternative video and
extra activities
3
2 We will create a program that is
Put the words in the correct order.
T
convert
1 It’s a start-up with many
c is based in Belgium and has made a digital platform for different coffee shops and their
connected customers so they can meet people with similar profiles.
Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
analytical
2
a has made a digital platform which allows companies to create customer profiles based on
daily routines and thereby improve targeting of marketing messages to mobile devices.
B In the video, Frank Verbist from Sentiance gives an example of ‘semantic’ time.
T
Adjective
analysis, analytics, analyst (person)
anticipate
7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.
Watch the video and choose the best summary.
Sentiance is a company that
4
Noun
1
.
Self-assessment
38
• How successfully have you achieved the lesson outcome? Give yourself a score
from 0 (I need more practice) to 5 (I know this well).
• Go to My Self-assessment in MyEnglishLab to reflect on what you have learnt.
1
The Lesson outcome defines a clear learning outcome for every lesson. Each Lesson outcome
encapsulates a number of specific Learning Objectives for Professional English which are listed in this
Teacher’s Resource Book in the Teaching notes.
2
Every lesson begins with a short Lead-in activity to engage learners with the lesson topic on a personal
level.
3
Lesson 1 is based on an authentic video of about 4 minutes with comprehension activities.
4
T Teacher’s resources: extra activities Extra activities are clearly signposted. These are PDFs in
MyEnglishLab to display on-screen or print. They can be used to extend a lesson or to focus in more depth
on a particular section.
5
T Teacher’s resources: alternative video and activities Alternative videos with worksheets are available
for some units and are clearly signposted.
6
The main unit vocabulary set is presented and practised in Lesson 1, building on vocabulary from the
video. Extra activities are available in MyEnglishLab.
7
Follow-up questions provide an opportunity for personalisation.
8
The Project at the end of Lesson 1 is a collaborative group task with a strong emphasis on communication
and fluency building. It can be done in class or in more depth over several weeks in and out of class.
9
Every lesson ends with a short Self-assessment section which encourages learners to think about the
progress they have made in relation to the lesson outcomes. More detailed self-assessment tasks and
suggestions for extra practice are available in MyEnglishLab.
39
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Introduction
Lesson 2
Reading or Listening
The aims of this lesson are:
• to provide students with meaningful reading or listening skills practice based on engaging, relevant and up-to-date content.
• to present and practise the unit grammar point, drawing on examples from the text.
• to encourage students to activate the grammar point they have practised through communicative speaking
or writing activities.
3.2
Catching up with rivals
Lesson outcome
Learners can use expressions with future forms to express degrees
of certainty and probability.
3.2
Catching up with rivals
Grammar Expressing certainty and probability
1
2
4
5A Look at the sentences. Are they certain, planned, probable or improbable?
1 a It is certain that Adidas will boost profitability in the next quarter.
b Adidas is unlikely to boost profitability in the next quarter.
Lead-in 1 Work in pairs. Which sportswear brands are most popular with the people in your
c Adidas is definitely going to boost profitability in the next quarter.
place of work/study?
d Adidas probably won’t boost profitability in the next quarter.
2 a Adidas is due to open new stores in the USA next month.
2 Match the words and phrases in the box with the definitions.
boost
bottom-line
make up ground
make your mark
b Adidas will probably open new stores in the USA next month.
c It is likely that Adidas will open new stores in the USA next month.
profitability
d Adidas is going to open new stores in the USA next month.
1 the amount of profit a company makes
B Which of the sentences have the same meaning?
2 have an important or permanent effect on something
page 119 See Grammar reference: Expressing certainty and probability
3 improve something and make it more successful
4 the amount of money that a business makes or loses
6 Choose the correct option in italics to complete the sentences.
5 replace something that has been lost; become successful again
1 It has been confirmed that they are going to / will probably provide all the clothing for
over 200 players in the next FIFA World Cup.
Reading 3 Read the article quickly and put the words in the correct order to make a sub-heading
for the article.
2 The U.S. sports brand currently has a 38 percent share in the branded footwear market,
which is definitely / certain to rise over the next three years.
catch up / German / to / with / rival Nike / races / sportswear company
3 Sales are so bad that it is unlikely to / unlikely that the brand will increase its revenue
this year.
4 Read the article again and complete the sentences using figures.
1 The previous CEO at Adidas had forecast profit growth of
each year.
2 The new CEO says it is likely profits will go up between
for the next
years.
3 Last year net profit increased by
to
and
.
4 The higher revenue and earnings targets raised shares by more than
T
Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
5 The Adidas group reported digital sales of
3
6 Over the next
T
Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
4 Sports TV companies will probably / are due to make their programmes available on
mobile phones next year, but the details haven’t been confirmed.
5 Sports drink sales are up this year, although the increase in marketing spending means
we are due to / probably won’t boost profitability.
.
Position of adverbs and adverbial phrases
last year.
years they are hoping to reach digital sales of
.
7 Look at the underlined phrases in the article. Complete the rules with before
and after.
1 We put probably
New Adidas chief raises group’s
sales and earnings targets
®
Adidas on Wednesday sharply
increased its long-term sales and
profit targets, as new chief executive
Kasper Rorsted aims to make his
5 mark on the German sportswear
group.
Adidas’s profitability falls behind
that of rival Nike, and investors are
hoping that Mr Rorsted will be able
10 to boost the German groups’ margins
considerably.
Mr Rorsted, who took charge of
the world’s second largest sportswear
company in October, has kept the
15 previous CEO’s strategy, which
forecast high sales increases and 15
percent profit growth each year.
The Danish manager – who
caught Adidas’s attention after he
20 boosted profitability at Henkel, the
German consumer goods company
– said that the group is certain to
expand faster.
Mr Rorsted is targeting sales
increases of 10 to 12 percent for the
next three years, and profit growth of
20 to 22 percent. ‘We will become
better and more efficient,’ he said.
‘This, in turn, will help us to grow
30 even faster than originally planned
and to achieve ... bottom-line
improvements for our shareholders.’
Alongside strong results last year
– Adidas sales rose 14 percent to
35 €19.3bn, while net profit increased
by 59 percent to €1bn – the higher
revenue and earnings targets helped
push the group’s shares up more than
6 percent in Wednesday morning
40 trading in Frankfurt.
Part of the reason for Nike’s better
profitability compared to Adidas is
the group’s strong position in the
North American market. Adidas
45 made up ground last year, regaining
its second position in the region,
will, but
2 We put the adverb also
other verbs.
won’t.
the verb be, but
the main verb with
page 119 See Grammar reference: Position of adverbs and adverbial phrases
8 Put the words in the correct order.
1 next will the rise sharply Our online in quarter probably sales
25
2 probably by achieve end targets They month won’t sales their the of the
T
although it is thought that it probably
won’t gain first position in the U.S.
market in the next quarter.
50
However, Mr Rorsted admitted
that Adidas was still ‘under
represented’ in North America, and
says the group will probably continue
to invest more than in other areas.
Adidas is also likely to sell off
55
unwanted businesses. The group put
its golf brands up for sale last year.
Adidas’s online sales are also due
to rise. The group reported it had
60 €1bn of digital sales last year. Mr
Rorsted has also said they are aiming
to boost sales to €4bn over the next
three years.
Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
5
3 is It year up unlikely price that will share the this go also
4 presentation is week at due to a also She make the of end the
Speaking 9A Write five sentences about future changes in your organisation or place of study
using (un)likely / certain / due to or probably / also and suitable future forms.
The organisation is due to move location next spring.
There probably won’t be a new head of department next year.
B Compare your sentences with a partner. Discuss whether you have the same
level of certainty.
A: We are likely to expand faster by taking on more overseas students.
B: Do you think so? I’m not sure I agree. I think we will probably grow faster if …
6
Self-assessment
30
• How successfully have you achieved the lesson outcome? Give yourself a score
from 0 (I need more practice) to 5 (I know this well).
• Go to My Self-assessment in MyEnglishLab to reflect on what you have learnt.
1
The Lesson outcome defines a clear learning outcome for every lesson.
2
Every lesson begins with a short Lead-in activity to engage learners with the lesson topic on a personal
level. This section includes pre-teaching of vocabulary needed for the reading or listening to come.
3
The reading text is generally an article, often from the Financial Times. The text focuses on a particular
aspect of the unit topic which has an interesting angle, and it contains examples of the grammar
point presented.
4
There is one grammar point in each unit, presented in Lesson 2. In general a guided discovery (inductive)
approach has been taken to the presentation of grammar. The grammar is presented with reference to
examples in the reading (or listening) text, followed by controlled practice.
5
Discussion questions and communicative practice of vocabulary and grammar is provided in the final
Speaking or Writing section of this lesson.
6
Every lesson ends with a short Self-assessment section which encourages learners to think about the
progress they have made in relation to the lesson outcomes.
31
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Introduction
Lesson 3
Communication skills
The aims of this lesson are:
• to introduce students to the skills needed to interact successfully in international teams.
• to encourage students to notice different communication styles and the misunderstandings that can
arise as a result, by watching the scripted skills training video.
• to present and practise functional language associated with the communication skill in the lesson.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
3.3
1
3.3
Managing bad news
7
Learners are aware of different ways to manage bad news and can
use a range of techniques and phrases for responding to bad news.
Lesson outcome
match one category.
a highlight positives
see the glass as half empty. What do you think is the difference
between these two types of people?
b minimise negatives
c emphasise negatives
B Which category do you identify with most? Are you like this all the time or only
in some situations? Why?
3
VIDEO 2
Functional Responding to bad news
language 7A Match the phrases in bold from the video with the categories a–h. Two phrases
1 I think we should continue to help the guys locally / invest in new technology / focus
on training.
Lead-in 1A Work in pairs. Some people see the glass as half full and some
2
d show confidence
e express doubt
f support current strategy
3.3.1 EN-Tek has received some bad news from the producer in Bangladesh.
Watch as Katie discusses the news with Paweł.
g propose changes
5 I’m very disappointed with the first quarter numbers / our lack of progress / the
customer feedback.
7 To be fair, we’re only a little over budget / behind schedule / below target.
4 What does Paweł think might happen as a result of reporting poor budget numbers?
8 I’m sure that we can turn this around and get production up to standard / hit our
targets / get back on track.
5 What advice does Paweł give Katie about how to approach her meeting with Claudio?
B Match the sentence beginnings (1–8) with the endings (a–h). Then match them
to the correct category in Exercise 7A. Two sentences match one category.
to use in her meeting with Claudio. Give reasons for your answers. As a class,
decide which video to watch first.
Option A – Focus on the positives – be optimistic and confident of success: Explain
outcomes in positive terms, minimise any negatives, show confidence that success will
come, show continued support for decisions that have already been agreed.
Option B – Focus on the negatives – be realistic and cautious because of risks: Explain
outcomes in negative terms, acknowledge the negative aspects of the current situation
and accept that changes need to be made to the strategy to achieve success.
8
T
B Watch the videos in the sequence the class has decided, and answer the
Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
1 Overall, I think things have gone
a can work.
2 We just haven’t made enough
b will achieve our targets.
3 But I’m extremely confident that we
c setbacks and challenges.
4 I don’t see how this
d really well.
5 I think we simply need to keep
e look at alternative solutions.
6 The market response was
f not what we were hoping for.
7 Of course, there will be a few
g doing what we’re doing.
8 I really think it’s time to
h progress in growth areas.
page 115 See Pronunciation bank: The letter ‘t’
questions for each video.
3.3.2
4 I’m not sure that we’ll be able to continue with local production / meet our targets /
achieve what we wanted.
6 We have to find a new approach to this / dealing with disagreements / marketing
going forwards.
4
Option A
3 I’m really happy with the progress we’ve made in a number of areas / with the
advertising campaign / in expanding our market share.
2 What does Katie say to Paweł about the bad news? Why?
3A In small groups, discuss which is the best approach (Option A or B) for Katie
Go to MyEnglishLab for
extra video activities.
2 This is simply too high / expensive / labour intensive.
1 What bad news does Katie receive by text from Bangladesh?
3 What will Claudio think about the numbers, according to Paweł?
L
Communication skills: Managing bad news
1 What is Claudio’s initial recommendation as a result of the poor budget numbers?
2 Does Katie agree that costs are a significant problem?
9
3 What positive aspect of the project does Katie mention?
8A Work in pairs and read your role cards.
4 What is the outcome of the meeting?
Option B
3.3.3
2 Why is she against shutting down production in Bangladesh?
3 What kind of support does Katie suggest?
Student B: Tell your employee that all staff have to take a 10 percent
pay cut as your organisation is facing economic problems. Doing
this will avoid the need to make compulsory redundancies
and should help the company to start making profits again
within two years. However, you know such measures can
demotivate staff.
4 What is the outcome of the meeting?
4 In pairs, discuss the questions.
1 In what ways did Katie behave differently in the two videos? How did Claudio respond
each time?
2 Having watched the two videos, what benefits do you think ‘glass half full’ and ‘glass
half empty’ people can bring to a discussion?
5
TASK
Student A: Tell your employee that you plan to give them a more
important role in an international project which will mean a lot more
work for them and irregular hours. However, it will increase their
profile in the company and give them the opportunity to travel.
1 Does Katie agree that costs are a significant problem?
B Think about how you are going to communicate
the news. Remember to balance the positive and
negative.
3.3.4 Watch the Conclusions section of the video and compare what is said
with your answers in Exercise 4. Do you agree? Why / Why not?
C Hold your discussions. When you have finished,
5
discuss how you each handled the situation.
Reflection 6 Think about the following questions. Then discuss your answers with a partner.
1 Think of a time, in a work or social situation, when you had to reach a decision with
someone who had a significantly more optimistic/pessimistic view than you. How
successfully did you each manage the situation?
2 Following this lesson, think of one thing you could do differently to manage such
situations in future.
10
6
6
Self-assessment
32
1
The Lesson outcome defines a clear learning outcome for
every lesson.
2
Every Communication skills lesson begins with a short Lead-in
activity to engage learners with the lesson topic on a personal
level and to set-up the video which follows.
3
4
The Communication skills training video introduces learners
to the skills needed to interact successfully in international
teams, with people who may have different communication
styles due to culture or personality. There is a storyline
running through the eight units, with the main characters
appearing in different situations. Note: Each clip, however, can
be watched separately and each lesson done independently
without the need to watch the preceding video clips.
In each Communication skills lesson, you will:
a watch a set-up video which introduces the main characters
and challenge of the lesson;
b watch the main character approach the situation in two
different ways (Options A and B);
c answer questions about each approach (Option A and
Option B) before watching the conclusion.
• How successfully have you achieved the lesson outcome? Give yourself a score
from 0 (I need more practice) to 5 (I know this well).
• Go to My Self-assessment in MyEnglishLab to reflect on what you have learnt.
33
5
Students work alone on a short reflection activity. The
approach to this reflection activity may change to suit each
lesson. The idea is to encourage students to think about
communication styles and their implications.
6
The lesson to this point works as a standalone lesson for
teachers who have a limited amount of time to work on
communication skills. In other teaching situations, the lesson
can be extended using the activities on functional language.
7
This page presents and practises a set of useful functional
language from the video in the Communication skills lesson.
8
Teacher’s resources: extra activities The optional
T
extension activities for this lesson provide controlled practice
of the functional language.
9
The lesson ends with a collaborative group task designed to
practise the functional language and the communication
skill presented in the lesson. There is a scenario or scenario
options which pre-work students can relate to, as well as
an element of personalisation in the scenario to help with
mixed-ability classes.
10
Every lesson ends with a short Self-assessment section which
encourages learners to think about the progress they have
made in relation to the lesson outcomes.
15
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Introduction
Lesson 4
Business skills
The aims of this lesson are:
• to give students exposure to a functional business skill or sub-skill using a listening comprehension,
encouraging them to notice successful and unsuccessful techniques.
• to present and practise relevant functional language drawing on examples from the listening.
• to encourage students to activate the skill and language they have practised by collaborating on a group task.
3.4
1
BUSINESS SKILLS
Business skills: Telephoning to clarify
Functional Asking for clarification and paraphrasing
language 4A Look at the categories in the table. Then complete the phrases from the phone
5
Learners can use a range of phrases for clarifying complex or technical
information on the phone.
Lesson outcome
2
3.4
Telephoning to clarify
call in Exercises 2 and 3 with the words in the box.
clarify correctly follow understanding go over refer right unsure
Lead-in 1A Work in pairs. Discuss which action you take (a or b) in these situations.
1 If I don’t understand something when I’m having a call, I …
You would like
clarification
a interrupt and ask for clarification.
There are a couple of things I’d like to 1
I’d like to double-check [something / that].
2 When communicating complex information during calls, I …
You didn’t understand or
didn’t follow the logic of
what was said
a regularly summarise the important information.
b don’t summarise often. It’s better to keep moving and people can interrupt if they
don’t understand.
a repeat myself slowly and clearly.
b ask them what they didn’t understand.
situation?
2
3.01
Listen to the beginning of a phone call and answer the questions.
1 Why is Sam calling Pat?
4
Sorry, I don’t 3
[the concept of ‘overall strategy’].
. [What are ‘margins’?]
Can I talk you through the points I’m 4
Can you 6
B What might be the advantages and disadvantages of your actions in each
Listening
I’m having a little difficulty 2
I don’t know if my notes are 5
3 If someone says they don’t understand me on a call, I …
3
.
Just to confirm, [what’s the target amount]?
b remain quiet and wait for an email summary to arrive after the call.
2 What does he specifically want to clarify?
of?
. I wrote down … . Is that correct?
that again for me?
You can’t remember the
information
If I remember 7
You didn’t hear or there
were technical problems
on the call
Sorry, I didn’t catch that. Could you say it again?
You would like specific
details
Tell me, what exactly do the figures in column L 8
, [I think we use …]. Is that right?
Could you remind me [what you said about …]?
I lost you for a second. Could you [repeat that, please]?
The sound went for a moment. Would you mind [saying that last bit again]?
to?
More specifically, [what’s the margin on this]?
3 How does Pat offer to help?
3A
B Paraphrasing means expressing what somebody has said using different words.
3.02 Listen to the main part of the call between Sam and Pat. Which of
these topics do they mention?
1 gross or net figures
6 the bottom line
2 targets
7 product categories
3 the stock market
8 profitability
4 margins
9 return on investment (ROI)
Match each sentence with its paraphrased equivalent.
1 The meeting is going to last all morning.
2 The EBIT is too low at the moment.
We have to change that.
3 The timeline is across the top of the
spreadsheet and the products are down
the side.
5 average amounts
B Match these words from the phone call with their meanings (1–7).
average
column
gross
margin
net
quarter
row
6
T
Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
1 a total amount before any tax or costs have been taken away
a What you’re saying is the columns are for
weeks and the rows are for product lines.
b OK, so that means we won’t be finished
before 11 a.m.
c In other words, we’re going to launch four
new products before the summer.
4 We simply don’t have enough staff at
the moment and need more support.
d If I understood you correctly, you want to
hire another salesperson.
5 This first half year will see our product
line increasing by 50 percent.
e Putting it differently, we need to increase
our margins, right?
2 a period of three months in a financial year
3 a line of numbers or words in which each one is above or below another down a page,
as in a spreadsheet like Excel
4 the amount of profit a business makes when selling something, after taking away what
it costs to produce it
5 the amount you get when you add together several amounts and then divide by the
number of amounts
5A Work in pairs. Prepare to roleplay two calls to clarify information in financial
7
TASK
• say that there is information you want to clarify.
6 a line of numbers or words in which each one is before or after another across the page,
as in a spreadsheet like Excel
• use appropriate phrases to ask for clarification.
• paraphrase to check what you have understood.
7 the final amount that remains after any tax and costs have been taken away
C
documents you sent or received. Read your role cards and prepare: Student A
turn to page 127, Student B turn to page 129.
B Roleplay the two calls. When making the call, remember to:
C After each call, write a short email to your partner. Summarise what
Listen to the end of the call. What does Pat say about the glossary?
Tick (✓) the correct option.
3.03
you discussed and what you now understand. Ask for confirmation.
6 In your pairs, compare the emails you wrote in Exercise 5C. Did you
a Sam can find it in any book.
reach a common understanding at the end of each call?
b It can only be accessed with a link.
c One of her colleagues wrote it.
page 115 See Pronunciation bank: Strong and weak forms of that
8
Self-assessment
34
• How successfully have you achieved the lesson outcome? Give yourself a score
from 0 (I need more practice) to 5 (I know this well).
• Go to My Self-assessment in MyEnglishLab to reflect on what you have learnt.
1
The Lesson outcome defines a clear learning outcome for every lesson.
2
Every Business skills lesson begins with a short Lead-in activity to engage learners with the lesson topic
on a personal level.
3
An original listening comprehension introduces the business skill and related key techniques and key
functional language.
4
Listening comprehension activities check that students have understood the meaning of key concepts or
vocabulary, and move on to listening for detail.
5
The section on Functional language offers presentation and practice of a set of useful functional
language related to the business skill of the lesson. The language exponents come from the audioscript,
and common tasks include gap-fill activities.
6
Teacher’s resources: extra activities The optional extension activities for this lesson provide
T
controlled practice of the functional language and additional listening practice using the lesson listening
text.
7
The lesson ends with a significant collaborative group task to practise the target business skill and
provide an opportunity to use the functional language presented. A scenario or several scenario options
are provided to help with mixed classes, and often include an opportunity for personalisation.
8
Every lesson ends with a short Self-assessment section which encourages learners to think about the
progress they have made in relation to the lesson outcomes.
35
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Introduction
Lesson 5
Writing
The aims of this lesson are:
• to present and practise a specific aspect of business writing, focusing on either genre, function or register.
• to present and practise relevant functional language, drawing on examples from the model text.
WRITING
3.5
1
2
Annual report summary
Lesson outcome
Learners can organise and write a summary of a company annual report.
3
Lead-in
Functional language
1 Read the extract from a summary of a company
2 Complete the table using the words in the box.
annual report. Choose the correct option in italics.
Then compare in pairs.
To our shareholders
caused
coming
down
mixed
raise
recovery
result
fell
making
Overview/Introduction
2018 was a year of 1
2018 was a year 1from / of mixed results and
challenges which were caused by the slow-down
in the global 2economy / economics and the
strength of the dollar, which affected our gross
profit 3lines / margins. However, lower operating
costs in Asia and Australia meant that we
finished 4more / much strongly than expected in
the fourth quarter, with growth of 3.5% on the
previous quarter.
Sales revenues fell by 5% in the second quarter
but after a 5stable / steady recovery over the next
two quarters, we achieved an overall sales
volume of $92 million, up 2% on 2017. Cash
flow from operations 6were / was $43 million
and we invested $20 million 7in / on capital
expenditure including our internet infrastructure
to enable customers to do business with us more
easily. We also 8repaid / refunded $1 million of
debt which we had borrowed to build the new
factory. In addition, 9despite / in spite the
challenges, we were able to raise our annual
dividend by 2%. Last year we launched ten new
product 10marks / lines in eight markets and
these are doing very well, which gives us cause
to be optimistic about 2019.
cause
results and challenges.
The last year has seen the company 2
tough decisions.
many
Reasons
The problems were 3
dollar.
by the strength of the
This was largely as a 4
Asian market.
of our entry into the
Positive aspects
After a steady 5
achieved good results.
We were able to 6
over two quarters, we
our annual dividend by 2%.
Negative aspects
Sales 7
by 5% in the second quarter.
We posted sales of $128 million, 8
previous year.
5% on the
Future outlook
This gives us 9
to be optimistic.
The forecast for the 10
year looks promising.
page 120 See Grammar reference: Articles – a/an, the,
4
no article
T
Teacher’s resources: extra activities
L
The annual report summary contains examples of articles.
Go to MyEnglishLab for optional grammar work.
5
3A Work in pairs. Turn to page 128 and look at the summary of an annual report. What is
TASK
6
the general problem with it? Discuss ways in which you could improve it using phrases
from Exercise 2.
B Look at the key notes on page 127. Individually, write an annual report summary for
your shareholders in around 200 words.
C Exchange summaries with your partner. Did your partner include all the information
from the notes and use phrases from Exercise 2? Did your partner add any extra
information? What do you think your partner did well?
7
Self-assessment
36
• How successfully have you achieved the lesson outcome? Give yourself a score
from 0 (I need more practice) to 5 (I know this well).
• Go to My Self-assessment in MyEnglishLab to reflect on what you have learnt.
1
The Lesson outcome defines a clear learning outcome for
every lesson.
2
Every Writing lesson starts with a writing model with an
associated task. The task often requires students to notice
or do something with the language within the model text.
In specific cases, this section may also include an element
of listening, if for example the writing skill refers to ‘taking
notes from a phone call or presentation’, or ‘summarising
what a speaker or colleague says’.
3
The functional language is presented in a table
summarising useful language associated with the target
writing skill, and includes a related activity. The table
is likely to be categorised according to the different
sections of the writing model. Tasks include completing
exponents in the table or identifying which ones are
formal and informal.
4
Teacher’s resources: extra activities The optional
T
extension activities for this lesson provide controlled
practice of the functional language.
5
L
The annual report summary contains examples of articles.
Go to MyEnglishLab for optional grammar work.
There is a signpost to the optional second grammar point.
Some examples of the target language point are included in
the writing model. The teacher’s notes include instructions
to focus students on the examples before directing them to
the activities in MyEnglishLab if they choose to do so.
6
The lesson ends with at least two writing tasks, from
controlled to freer practice.
7
Every lesson ends with a short Self-assessment section
which encourages learners to think about the progress they
have made in relation to the lesson outcomes.
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Introduction
Business workshops
The aims of the Business workshops are:
• to simulate a real-life professional situation or challenge which is related to the theme of the unit.
• to provide multiple opportunities for free, communicative practice of the language presented in the unit.
BUSINESS
WORKSHOP
Business workshop 5
5
Changing expectations
7A Work in pairs. Look at the sentences. Can you remember who said them? Was it
Clara, Felipe, Juliana or Diego?
1 I was thinking of something like 360º feedback so that they get feedback from different people …
1
Lesson outcome
2 … it is important for employees to see a connection between their personal work goals
and the overall goals of the company.
Learners can understand different opinions about how performance should
be rewarded and can negotiate rewards and benefits at work.
3 We need to see if the projects meet the goals that were set …
4 … they could talk about any problems they might have and any suggestions they have
to improve the process.
Background 1 Read the background and answer the questions with a partner.
2
1 What business is Energia Renovável involved in and what do they do?
5 … we need people who work well with others.
2 Which type of employees do they need in the company?
6 … if the project teams are submitting follow-up reports that are clear and well written.
3 What areas of the job do younger workers seem to have specific expectations about?
7 … make sure that all staff meet regularly with their line managers to discuss what they
are working on.
4 What differences are mentioned between millennials and older employees?
8 … find ways to show staff how their jobs and tasks support our overall strategies.
B Listen again and check your answers.
BACKGROUND
8 Match the sentences in Exercise 7A with these topics.
Energia Renovável is a successful energy company in Brazil and uses renewable
energy sources such as wind, solar power and bio fuels. Since the oil crisis of the
1970s the company has been expanding and today is a leader in the field.
However, they rely more and more on highly qualified university graduates in
a variety of fields who speak English and at least one other foreign language in
order to help them expand overseas. Recently they have noticed that millennials
have different expectations regarding appraisals, promotions and pay rises. While
older employees expected to stay at one company for many years, millennials
often leave if they don’t feel that their work is valued. This is beginning to
become a problem and the company needs to find a way to solve it.
a quality of work (two sentences)
T
Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
Pair A Yo
c interpersonal skills (two sentences)
Essential:
Expectations 9A Work in pairs. Are the expectations in the
box financial benefits, non-financial benefits
or benefits to save employees money?
flexible hours
Desirable:
Willing to
ncede):
not have (co
free fitness facility on site
3
increase in overtime pay
seminars on career skills
Meetings 2 You are going to listen to a meeting at Energia Renovável. The participants below
subsidised public transport
want to find new ways to reward performance and meet expectations but are
concerned about the reputation of the company if they make major changes to
the current system. Who do you think will/won’t be in favour of changing the way
they do things? Why?
B
• Clara, HR representative from North American office
T
• Felipe and Juliana, regional managers
• Diego, union representative
3
BW 5.01
Listen to the meeting and match the speakers with their points of view.
5
Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
BW 5.03 Listen to the conversation
between Clara and Diego. Note down
two more financial benefits, five more
non-financial benefits and two more
benefits to save employees money.
10 Work in a group of four which has two sub pairs: A and B. Complete each
1 Clara
a discuss new ideas carefully before making major changes
2 Felipe
b not fair to older employees to make changes in measuring performance
Pair A: you are a young employee who wants to negotiate extra benefits.
3 Juliana
c some ideas might be possible but some would not work in practice
Pair B: you are an HR representative for the company.
4 Diego
d feels it is necessary to work together on this problem
category of your role card with two rewards/benefits from Exercise 9.
11 Work in the same groups of four but in two separate A/B pairs.
4 Listen again and answer the questions.
ber
staff mem
Pair B HR
er:
Cannot off
e to offer:
Might be abl
m to offer:
No proble
TASK
A negotiation over
rewards and
benefits
Roleplay the negotiation using the role cards you have prepared.
1 What does Clara say about university graduates?
A I feel that … is essential
in order for me to …
2 Which two problems does the high turnover of graduates cause?
3 What reasons does Diego give for young people expecting different treatment today
than in the past?
B If I give you … , will you give up … ?
A I would really like to have …
4 What does Felipe say about people’s priorities years ago?
5 What does Clara feel could affect the reputation of the company?
B I am afraid that … isn’t
possible at the moment.
12 Work again in your group of four and compare how the
6 What does Clara suggest they do?
two negotiations went. Find out what happened and
discuss the results. Give specific examples of what you
were able to achieve and how well you feel that you did.
5 Work in pairs and briefly brainstorm the following points.
4
bonus system for ideas
member
ung staff
b transparency and needs of employees
(four sentences)
• reward systems that might appeal to younger people
• how performance at work should be measured
6
BW 5.02 Listen to the next meeting. Were any of the ideas the same or similar
to those you mentioned in Exercise 5?
6
Self-assessment
96
• How successfully have you achieved the lesson outcome? Give yourself a score
from 0 (I need more practice) to 5 (I know this well).
• Go to My Self-assessment in MyEnglishLab to reflect on what you have learnt.
1
The Lesson outcome defines a clear learning outcome for every lesson.
2
The workshop begins by providing some background information on the company and the situation or
challenge the scenario focuses on.
3
In units where Lesson 2 contains a reading text, the Business workshop contains a significant listening
section, as in Business workshop 6 here. Where Lesson 2 contains a listening, the Business workshop
contains a reading text.
4
This section includes an activity to check understanding.
5
The task is a practical, collaborative task which addresses the challenge set out in the background
section. It focuses on speaking, but usually also includes an element of writing. The Business workshops
provide a good variety of output task types.
6
Every lesson ends with a short Self-assessment section which encourages learners to think about the
progress they have made in relation to the lesson outcomes.
97
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Introduction
Extra material
Extra Coursebook activities (PDFs)
go to MyEnglishLab, Teacher’s Resources
Photocopiables (PDFs)
at the back of this Teacher’s Resource Book, and on MyEnglishLab, in the Teacher’s Resources
Resource Bank: Reading bank, Writing bank, Functional language bank (PDFs)
at the back of this Teacher’s Resource Book, and on MyEnglishLab, in the Teacher’s Resources
Unit tests, with audio files and answer keys (PDFs and Word documents)
go to MyEnglishLab, Teacher’s Resources; also available as Interactive tests
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1
Corporate culture
Unit overview
CLASSWORK
1.1
Workplace
culture
Lead-in Students talk about culture.
Video Students watch a video about a company which changed its policy in
order to treat employees equally.
Vocabulary Students look at vocabulary related to corporate culture.
Project Students prepare and give a mini presentation about company
practices and policy.
FURTHER WORK
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
Pronunciation bank: p.114 Stress in
compound nouns
Teacher’s book: Resource bank
Photocopiable 1.1 p.134
Workbook: p.4 Exercises 1 and 2
1.2
Lead-in Students look at and discuss key terms related to employee retention.
Reading Students read an article about work–life balance schemes.
Employee
retention
Grammar Students study and practise the Future Continuous and Future Perfect
Simple.
Speaking Students complete and discuss a set of questions about their hopes,
plans and ambitions.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Reading bank
Grammar reference: p.118 Future
Continuous and Future Perfect
Simple
Pronunciation bank: p.114 Auxiliary
verbs in the Future Continuous and
Future Perfect Simple
Teacher’s book: Resource bank
Photocopiable 1.2 p.135
Workbook: p.5 Exercises 1–3,
p.6 Exercises 1–3
1.3
Lead-in Students talk about the importance of trust in the workplace.
Video Students watch a video about different communication styles
and how these may affect building trust and collaboration in the
workplace.
Communication
skills: Building
relationships
Reflection Students discuss the different relationship-building styles from the
videos and think about their own preferred style.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Interactive video
activities; Functional language
bank
Workbook: p.7 Exercise 1
Functional Students look at useful language for building trust.
language
Task Students hold a meeting and reflect on criteria for building trust.
1.4
Lead-in Students read a blog about self-presentation.
Listening Students listen to people presenting themselves in a professional
context.
Business skills:
Presenting yourself
Functional Students look at useful language for self-presentation.
language
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Functional
language bank
Workbook: p.7 Exercise 2
Task Students prepare a self-presentation and roleplay presenting themselves
to colleagues.
1.5
Writing:
A company news
blog
Lead-in Students read and correct a company news blog.
Functional Students look at useful phrases for company news blogs.
language
Task Students write a company news blog.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Interactive
grammar practice; Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.118 Phrases
with be
Workbook: p.8 Exercises 1–3
Business
workshop 1
Keeping the
workforce happy
Listening Students listen to conversations about staff recruitment and retention.
Reading Students analyse the results of an employee satisfaction survey.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
Writing Students write a proposal.
Task Students discuss measures to improve employee recruitment and
retention.
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Teacher’s notes
Business brief
The main aim of this unit is to introduce students to the concept of corporate culture.
The term is often used to describe the combination of an organisation’s values, beliefs
and attitudes. The culture of an organisation can affect the working environment and
atmosphere. It can also distinguish an organisation from its competitors.
Some companies have a formal dress code, which would include suits or smart clothes.
Others, such as supermarkets, have a uniform which easily identifies an employee from
a member of the public. In some industries a strict dress code might be required for safety
reasons such as the construction industry, where hard hats, hard boots and high-visibility
garments must be worn to keep the employee safe. Less formal company cultures might
be reflected in a relaxed dress code or where specific days, such as dress-down Friday, are
designated for less formal work wear.
Small organisations may have an open, informal structure. Those running and managing
the company may have an open-door policy, where staff know they can approach
management without arranging a fixed appointment. However, as an organisation grows,
more managers are required to oversee the work of the employees. This creates
a hierarchy within the organisation, distancing employees from the employers.
The working environment and office layout can impact on an organisation’s
company culture. More traditional workspaces often have individual or shared offices.
However, many modern offices have open-plan layouts. This can affect aspects such as
communication and noise levels. The décor can communicate whether the company is
seeking to communicate a young, dynamic, playful ambiance or, conversely, more serious,
traditional values.
Whether work hours are fixed or flexible, whether length of service or merit is the main
criteria for promotion and how employees are rewarded are often a reflection of and an
extension of corporate culture.
Many organisations want to promote a sense of shared corporate identity, a sense of
belonging and being part of a team. This can mean that the work culture extends to
the worker’s free time. This might be in the form of informal socialising in a bar or café
after work or in a more organised form such as company picnics or social events where
attendance is expected. Since it can be expensive to recruit and train workers, many
organisations try to find ways to improve employee retention. Companies may seek to
reduce staff turnover by creating a culture which promotes work–life balance or which
attempts to make the working environment relaxed and welcoming.
Corporate culture and
your students
It is important that students are aware of the concept of corporate culture. It is helpful for
pre-service students to begin anticipating the different corporate cultures that they may
work in in the future, and what might suit their personality. In-work students can consider
their present company’s culture and how it relates to aspects of their working life.
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Teacher’s notes
Unit lead-in
Elicit a brief description of the photo and ask students if they
would like to work in this type of working environment. Look at
the quote with the class. Give them 2–3 minutes to discuss, in
pairs or groups, how the quote may relate to corporate culture
and the attitudes to taking risks in a company. Then invite
different students to share their ideas with the class. Ask: What
kind of organisations can encourage their employees to take
risks and make mistakes? Encourage students to give reasons
for their answers.
1.1
was in the past. What has changed? For question 3, if students
cannot think of additional aspects, you could suggest attitudes
to time, hospitality and rules. You could share some attitudes
from your own culture to these areas and elicit attitudes
different workplaces might have.
Video
Students watch a video about a company which changed its
policy in order to treat employees equally.
2A Check students understand the meaning of fairly and
equally. Put them in pairs and draw attention to the example.
Give pairs 2–3 minutes to brainstorm ideas, then get brief
feedback from the class.
Workplace culture
Possible answers
GSE learning objectives
(examples of benefits companies may give workers)
• redundancy pay (if someone is let go or made
redundant)
• car allowance (money for using your own car)
• profit-sharing (receiving part of the profit of a company)
• stock options (receiving shares in the company)
• retirement plan
• paid maternity and paternity leave for all (including
adoptions)
• comprehensive health care and medical insurance
• paid annual leave
• life insurance
• employee discounts for shops, concerts, gyms, etc.
• fitness centre in the company
• day care in the company (company crèche)
• vouchers for public transport
• company-run buses to bring people back and forth to
work
• free parking (reserved parking space)
• subsidised canteen
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on
a work-related topic.
• Can understand the advantages and disadvantages of
different options during a discussion.
• Can use language related to types and parts of
a company.
• Can express belief, opinion, agreement and
disagreement politely.
• Can take part in routine formal discussions conducted
in clear standard speech in which factual information
is exchanged.
• Can give a simple presentation on a work-related topic.
Warm-up
Ask: What clothes are people expected to wear on formal
and informal occasions in [the students’ country]? What
are people expected to wear at work? Elicit answers or
start by sharing ideas from your own country (e.g. In the
UK, people often wear jeans or casual clothes after work
or at the weekend. On more formal occasions, they wear
smarter clothes such as a suit or a dress or skirt. At work,
some companies prefer employees to wear formal clothes
but in others more casual clothes are allowed.). Put students
in pairs or small groups and ask them to say what clothes
they think are acceptable to wear to work and what
clothes would not be acceptable. Accept any appropriate
suggestions. Tell students that they are going to talk about
how attitudes to different things in a country’s culture can
affect attitudes in the workplace.
2B
1.1.1 Ask students to watch and check whether any
of their ideas from Exercise 2A are mentioned. Play the video
and discuss the answers with the class. You may wish to point
out to students that the ‘scaled policy’ mentioned in the video
refers to the fact that the increase in salaries took place over
several years. People’s salaries were raised incrementally until
they all reached $70,000. At the time when Alyssa O’Neal was
interviewed, the process was underway but not completed,
hence the reason that she was earning $60,000 at that point
rather than the full $70,000.
They made the pay equal for everyone in the company.
This meant that some got pay rises and some had their
salaries cut.
Lead-in
Students talk about culture.
1 Ask students to look at the definition of culture and check
that they are familiar with the common dictionary information
(pronunciation, part of speech, countable/uncountable).
Then discuss the three questions as a class. For question 1, to
encourage discussion, you could write some prompts on the
board (e.g. hierarchy in the family, level of formality when people
communicate, how people communicate in conversation). Point
out that anything about attitudes and beliefs in the students’
own cultures is acceptable – this is not just about work. For
question 2, you could remind students of the discussion they had
in the warm-up about ways of dressing and how this compared
to what people usually wear to work. You could extend this by
asking students whether company culture is the same now as it
3
1.1.1 Before playing the video again, give students a
minute to read the questions and ask you any questions they
may have. You may wish to point out the use of affect and effect
in questions 5 and 6, and elicit or explain the difference. Also
point out that with U.S. accents, speakers say ‘gonna’ rather than
‘going to’ throughout the video. Play the video. With weaker
classes, you may need to play it a second time or pause briefly
after answers are given, to allow students time to process the
information and make notes. Get students to compare answers
in pairs, then check with the class. Ask students if they would
like to work for this company. Encourage them to give reasons,
describing what aspects they would/wouldn’t like.
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Teacher’s notes
1 They gave everyone a minimum salary of $70,000 a year.
This meant that some got pay rises and some had their
salaries cut.
2 Korinne could afford to live closer to work.
3 Alyssa was able to pay off her car loan, credit card debt
and move into a better home.
4 They left the company because they felt their skills and
experience were not recognised in the new structure.
5 The employees felt respected and this increased their
productivity.
6 The company pulled in (received) a lot of new business.
7 Staff felt better about being part of the company and
worked harder with customers.
8 They bought him a Tesla car (worth $90,000).
4 Give students time to think about the questions individually
first. Then put them in pairs or small groups and give them 4–5
minutes to discuss. Choose one of the less personal questions
(1 or 4) and open up to a discussion with the whole class.
Depending on whether your class would feel comfortable
doing so, you could also ask students to share some of their
opinions on the remaining questions.
Extra activities 1.1
1.1.1 This activity practises key vocabulary from
A
the video. Students could work on it individually or, in
weaker classes, you could let them do it in pairs. Give
students 3–4 minutes to complete the exercise, then play
the video for them to check their answers. Go through the
answers with the class, clarifying vocabulary as necessary.
1 accept 2 grown 3 cut 4 commute 5 flood
6 Over 7 generated 8 harder 9 worth
10 approach
Vocabulary: Elements of corporate
culture
Students look at vocabulary related to corporate culture.
5A You could do this exercise as a class, checking answers as
you go. Alternatively, ask students to complete it individually,
and play the video again or refer students to the videoscript on
page 137 to check their answers. Do not focus on meaning in
detail at this stage – students will discuss the definitions of the
collocations in the next exercise.
1 c 2 a 3 d 4 b
5B Refer students to the definition of collocation at the
bottom of the page and ask them if they know any related to
salary or pay, or give a few examples yourself (e.g. pay rise,
monthly salary). Put students in pairs and draw their attention
to the example. Then ask them to underline the collocations in
the sentences and discuss their meanings. Encourage them to
read the sentences again carefully, to see the collocations used
in context. Allow them to use their dictionaries to help them if
necessary. Check answers with the class and clarify meanings
as necessary.
2 minimum salary – the lowest amount of pay that
someone can receive
3 pay rate – a payment fixed according to a standard scale
4 pay structure – a system that determines the pay an
employee will receive based on factors such as years in
the company, position, managerial responsibility, etc.
6 With weaker classes, you may wish to do the first item as
an example with the class and/or let students work in pairs.
Stronger students could work individually. Again, allow students
to use their dictionaries. Monitor and help as necessary. Check
answers with the class, clarifying meaning as necessary.
1 Incorrect – Company hierarchy refers to staff organised
on various levels. (In such structures, staff are organised
into levels, and people at one level have authority over
those below them and report to those above them.)
2 Incorrect – The values of a company are the principles
and practices a business or organisation feels are
important and tries to follow.
3 Correct
4 Incorrect – A good atmosphere in a company means
a pleasant or positive feeling that a place gives you.
5 Correct
6 Incorrect – Company structure means the way an
organisation is structured. (It does not refer to a specific
or strict hierarchy.)
7 Incorrect – The image of a company refers to the general
opinion that most people have of an organisation or
product. (This is not limited only to their advertisements
or TV commercials.)
8 Correct
9 Correct
7 Go through the words in the box with students before they
begin or let them use their dictionaries to check any unknown
vocabulary. Get them to complete the exercise individually
and compare answers in pairs before checking with the class.
During feedback, clarify any vocabulary items as necessary.
1 values 2 structure 3 pay 4 code 5 flexibility
6 strategy 7 atmosphere 8 image
8A This exercise leads into the project in Exercise 9. Put
students in pairs to discuss the question. After 2–3 minutes,
invite different students to share their ideas with the class.
8B Students should do this in the same pairs as Exercise 8A.
Refer them back to Exercises 5B and 6, and ask them to identify
and rank elements that are important to them individually
before discussing their list with their partner. Allow 4–5
minutes for this, then get brief feedback from the class.
Extra activities 1.1
B This activity practises collocations from Exercises 5 and 6.
Students can do it individually or, in weaker classes, you could
let them do it in pairs. Go through the answers with the class.
1 minimum salary 2 company hierarchy
3 open-plan office 4 dress code
5 organisational behaviour 6 pay structure
7 good atmosphere
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Teacher’s notes
9C Put students in new pairs and set a time limit for the
Pronunciation bank
p.114: Stress in compound nouns
Warm-up
Write dress code and company hierarchy on the
board. Ask students to identify which word is
stressed in each collocation (dress, hierarchy).
Explain that the stress can fall on either word in
compound nouns. If your students are keeping
vocabulary notebooks, tell them that when they
learn new compound nouns, it may be useful
to note which word is stressed each time. Get
students to read the explanation in the box.
Check they understand by getting a few students
to pronounce the example nouns correctly.
roleplays. Point out that the ‘new employee’ should ask
questions each time. During the activity, monitor and note
down any points to highlight during feedback. To extend the
activity, you could ask students to research the policy a real
company has and to address one of the problem areas.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
Pronunciation bank: p.114 Stress in compound nouns
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 1.1 p.134
Workbook: p.4 Exercises 1 and 2
1.2
Employee retention
GSE learning objectives
1 Put students in pairs and give them 2–3 minutes to
complete the activity. Do not confirm answers yet as
students will check them in the next exercise.
2
P1.01 Play the recording for students to check
their answers. Then play the recording a second time
for students to listen and repeat. You could drill the
words chorally first, then individually.
1 c (role model) 2 d (company hierarchy)
3 e (pay rate) 4 b (open-plan office)
5 a (credit card transaction)
3 Students could do this in the same pairs as Exercise 1.
Before they begin, demonstrate the activity with
a stronger student. Circulate and monitor, helping
where needed. Have a brief feedback session to elicit
some of the sentences.
Project: Company policy
Students prepare and give a mini presentation about
company practices and policy.
9A Read through the two questions and write values and
company practices on the board. Students have seen values in
terms of a business or company (the philosophy or principles
an organisation follows in its internal and external conduct, for
example, towards its staff, customers and shareholders). You
could spend some time getting students to suggest behaviour
that displays examples of good and bad values and company
practices. Put students in small groups and give them time to
discuss the questions. Encourage them to give examples where
possible. Then get feedback around the class so that students
can pool their ideas before going on to the next step. If working
with a class where students are from the same company, focus
the feedback on the first question rather than the second.
9B Put students in pairs and explain the activity. Point out
that in addition to deciding on their company policy for each
problem area, they need to include explanations about why
their company has these policies. Allow plenty of time for pairs
to prepare their ‘mini welcomes’. During the activity, monitor
and help as necessary.
• Can scan a long text or a set of related texts in order to
find specific information.
• Can use the Future Continuous with reference to
actions in progress at a specific time in the future.
• Can use the Future Perfect Simple with reference to
actions to be completed by a specific time in the future.
• Can describe dreams, hopes and ambitions.
Warm-up
Write the following on the board: Lots of our staff
are leaving the company. What can we do to improve
employee retention? Underline improve employee
retention and ask students to suggest what they think the
phrase means (reduce the number of employees leaving
the company / find ways to encourage employees to stay
with the company). Ask: What makes employees want
to leave a company? (Possible answers: a boring job, low
salaries, bad working conditions, poor management,
unfriendly colleagues.) Elicit ideas around the class. Then
ask: What makes employees want to stay at a company?
(Possible answers: interesting work, good salary rewards
and benefits, good management, a friendly team.) Elicit
ideas around the class, accepting any reasonable answers.
You could ask students to work in pairs and prioritise some
of the suggestions for what makes employees want to stay
at a company.
Lead-in
Students look at and discuss key terms related to employee
retention.
1 Ask students to do the exercise individually, using
dictionaries if necessary. Check answers with the class,
clarifying terms as required. With weaker classes, you could
do the activity with the whole class, checking answers and
clarifying meanings as you go.
1 menial tasks 2 sabbatical 3 promotion
4 work–life balance 5 diverse work
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Teacher’s notes
2 Put students in pairs and give them 2–3 minutes to discuss
the terms. Invite different students to share their answers with
the class. Accept any suitable responses. You could extend
the discussion by asking: Have you experienced any of these
yourself? Where or when did you experience it? (e.g. in a
summer job, in a part-time job). What effect did it have? Did it
make you want to stay with the company or leave?
Reading
Students read an article about work–life balance schemes.
3 Tell students that they are going to read an article about
a bank’s work–life balance schemes. Refer them to the terms
in Exercise 1 and the example, and ask them to read the article
individually. The aim is to scan the article quickly rather than
understand every word, so you may wish to set a time limit
of 2–3 minutes. Get students to discuss their answers in pairs
or small groups before opening up to the whole class for
feedback.
(month-long paid) sabbaticals, (swifter = faster)
promotions, (fewer) menial tasks, (more) diverse work
The text also mentions:
take Friday night and Saturday morning off, keep two
hours a week for personal business, take every weekend
off, relaxed dress code, (huge) bonuses, humane working
environment, proper career development
4 Do the first item as an example. Read the statement and ask
students if it is true or false (false). Ask them to identify where
they found the answer in the article and then to correct the
statement. Get students to read the article again and complete
the exercise, then check answers with the class.
1 F (now extended to include only some junior bankers)
2 F (they have relaxed their dress code to business casual)
3 F (non-bankers may think these work–life efforts are not
important …)
4 T
5 F (21- to 36-year-olds prioritise job security above
everything except money …)
6 T
Grammar: Future Continuous and Future
Perfect Simple
Students study and practise the Future Continuous and
Future Perfect Simple.
5A Go through the diagrams with students and check they
understand the explanations and time references on the timelines.
Then draw their attention to the underlined verb forms in the
article and ask them to match them with the diagrams.
will have told – Future Perfect Simple
will have made – Future Perfect Simple
will be doing – Future Continuous
will be working – Future Continuous
5B Look at the example with students and explain that the
time reference (by the time …) can help them identify when the
action will take place. Do the rest of the task with the whole
class, checking answers as you go.
Hopefully, within a few years these new initiatives will
have made a real difference.
… whether their employer will be doing business
in the future is …
they will be working there when it happens.
5C Refer students to the example sentences in the diagrams in
Exercise 5A and ask them to identify how each tense is formed
and complete the rules. Check answers with the class. At this
point, you may wish to refer students to the Grammar reference
on page 118, go through the explanations and examples with
them and answer any questions they may have.
1 will 2 be 3 present (-ing form) 4 will 5 have 6 past
6 Ask students to do the exercise individually. Get them to
compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 will be taking (will be in progress) 2 will be changing
(will be in progress) 3 will have rested (will be finished)
4 will have improved (will be finished) 5 will be doing (will
be in progress) 6 will have promoted (will be finished)
Extra activities 1.2
A Put students in pairs to complete the activity. Allow
them to use dictionaries if necessary. Make sure they
understand that not all the phrases in the box will be used
and encourage them to look at the underlined phrases in
the prompts to help them. Check answers with the class,
clarifying meanings as necessary. You could extend the
activity by asking students to discuss the statement in
question 8, saying whether they agree or disagree.
1 work–life balance 2 Promotions
3 humane working environment
4 take every weekend off 5 Business casual
6 menial tasks 7 career development
8 diverse work
Extra activities 1.2
B Extra activities B and C give further practice of the
Future Perfect Simple and Future Continuous. Get students
to complete this exercise individually and then compare
their answers in pairs before checking with the class.
During feedback, ask students to explain their answers.
1 will have decided 2 will be looking
3 will have set up 4 will have implemented
5 will be offering 6 will be replacing
C Again, ask students to work individually and get them
to compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 d 2 g 3 a 4 f 5 b 6 e 7 h 8 c
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Teacher’s notes
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Reading bank
Pronunciation bank
p.114: Auxiliary verbs in the Future
Continuous and Future Perfect Simple
Grammar reference: p.118 Future Continuous and Future Perfect
Simple
Pronunciation bank: p.114 Auxiliary verbs in the Future
Continuous and Future Perfect Simple
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 1.2 p.135
Warm-up
Go through the information in the box with
students. Then write the following sentences
on the board (they are the example sentences
from Exercise 5A on page 11 of the Coursebook):
Next Friday I will be finishing the report. By next
Friday I will have finished the report. Underline
will in the first sentence and have in the second
sentence, and model their pronunciation using
contracted forms (/l/ and /əv/). Drill the sentences
around the class.
1 Give students 2–3 minutes to mark where in the
sentences they think the contracted forms will be
used. Do not confirm answers yet as students will
check them in the next exercise.
P1.02 Put students in pairs to compare their
2
answers, then play the recording for them to check.
1 What do you think you will /l/ be doing ten
years from now?
2 Many young people will have /əv/ decided
what is important for them in a job by the time
they go to their first interview.
3 What position will you have /əv/ reached by
the time you’re forty?
4 This afternoon at our weekly meeting, we will
/l/ be discussing how to reduce menial tasks
for junior staff.
3 Students could do this in the same pairs as Exercise 2.
Monitor and check students are pronouncing the
contracted forms correctly.
Workbook: p.5 Exercises 1–3, p.6 Exercises 1–3
1.3
Communication skills
Building relationships
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on
a work-related topic.
• Can maintain rapport during a negotiation using
personal pronouns of inclusion (i.e. we vs. I, you).
• Can justify and sustain views clearly by providing
relevant explanations and arguments.
• Can encourage agreement during group discussions
by indicating the areas where people have the same
opinion.
• Can maintain rapport during a negotiation using
personal pronouns of inclusion (i.e. we vs. I, you).
• Can encourage agreement in meetings using fixed
expressions.
Warm-up
Write trust on the board. Ask: How would you define
‘trust’? (a strong belief in the honesty or goodness of
someone or something) Elicit ideas, then dictate or write
the following on the board: How long does it take to trust
someone? How can we build trust with another person?
Put students in pairs or small groups and let them discuss
the questions. After 2–3 minutes, invite different students
to share their ideas with the class.
Lead-in
Students talk about the importance of trust in the workplace.
Speaking
Students complete and discuss a set of questions about their
hopes, plans and ambitions.
7A Ask students to complete the questions individually, then
check answers with the class.
1 will you be looking for 2 will you have finished,
you won’t have finished 3 you will be doing
4 will you have reached
7B Put students in pairs or small groups and give them 3–5
minutes to discuss the questions. Monitor and check they are
using the Future Perfect Simple and Future Continuous correctly.
If appropriate for your class, this exercise can be expanded by
encouraging students to think of future milestones in their lives
and getting them to say what they think they will be doing at
that point, or what they will have done.
1 Put students in pairs, give them a minute to read the
questions and comments, and answer any vocabulary questions
they may have. Check they understand common objectives,
competent and deliver. Give pairs 2–3 minutes to discuss, then
get brief feedback from the class. To extend the discussion,
you could ask students the following questions: What sort of
behaviour might make you distrust someone at work? (possible
answers: lying, gossiping, saying different things to different
people, exaggerating skills or abilities, being unreliable). Would
this have an impact on your working relationship?
Possible answers
Trust quickly
Advantage: It can inspire collaboration and open up
opportunities quickly.
Disadvantage: You trust the wrong people.
Trust slowly
Advantage: You make better decisions about which people
to trust because you have more evidence.
Disadvantage: You may come across as selfish and selfseeking to business partners.
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Teacher’s notes
Video
Students watch a video about different communication styles
and how these may affect building trust and collaboration in
the workplace.
2
1.3.1
Before students watch the video, briefly explain the
context and characters’ roles (or refer students to page 6 of the
Coursebook). EN-Tek and Go Global have entered into
a partnership and are preparing to finalise their agreement
and sign a contract. Before they do so, Sanjit, Katie, Claudio and
Emma are meeting to discuss some outstanding issues. Play the
video and ask students to watch for Sanjit’s three main concerns
about working with Go Global. Check answers with the class.
Sanjit’s concerns are:
1 that Go Global have different values.
2 that they’re going to completely take over the project.
3 that their priority will be profits.
3A Explain to the class that Sanjit can choose between two
different communication styles to use in the meeting, and go
through the details of Options A and B with the class. Make it
clear that students can choose which option they want to see
first on the video. Put students in small groups and ask them to
discuss the two options, giving reasons for their answers. Elicit
ideas from a few students and then, as a class, decide which
video to watch first.
3B
1.3.2
1.3.3
Give students a minute to read the
questions for Option A or Option B, depending on their choice,
and help them with any unknown words. Play the video and then
check answers with the class. Do the same for the second video.
Option A
1 production location and use of local distributors
2 China
3 quality and reliability
4 He uses expressions such as ‘Let me say that I really
appreciate the effort you’ve made’, ‘I respect that’,
‘Based on your experience’.
In Option A, Sanjit is collaborative, respectful and shows
appreciation. This creates a good atmosphere and positive
working relationship quickly. However, important topics
are not dealt with and decisions get postponed.
In Option B, Sanjit is more focused on pushing forward his
objectives. This creates an uncomfortable atmosphere and
the relationship is put at risk. However, the tension allows
people to be honest, to talk about concerns openly and
then to cooperate on finding solutions, which is another
way to develop trust.
Reflection
Students discuss the different relationship-building styles
from the videos and think about their own preferred style.
6 Allow students to work individually first, so that they can
reflect on their own preferences and ideas. Then put them in
pairs to discuss their views. After 3–4 minutes, invite different
students to share their ideas with the class.
Functional language: Building trust
Students look at useful language for building trust.
7A Explain that this exercise highlights expressions from
the video for strategies we use to build trust. Go through the
headings in the table with students and check they understand
each one. Then get them to complete the exercise individually
or, for weaker classes, in pairs, and check answers with the
class. During feedback, clarify meanings as necessary.
1 b 2 d 3 e 4 f 5 a 6 c
7B Do this as a quick whole-class activity.
8 This exercise can be done individually or in pairs. After
checking answers, you could put students in pairs and get them
to practise the dialogue.
Option B
1 if their position to go with local people is being
considered
2 They’re small with limited finances (a risk to sales).
3 He asks for data.
4 because Claudio acknowledges that EN-Tek clearly has
a focus on local partners and says that they are open to
that in principle
4 Put students in pairs and ask them to discuss the question,
giving reasons. Invite different students to share their opinions
with the class.
5
1.3.4 Explain that students are going to watch the
last section of the video, where the speaker talks about the
advantages and disadvantages of each approach. They should
watch and compare what is said with their answers to Exercise 4,
and decide if they agree or disagree. Play the video and let
students discuss briefly in the same pairs as Exercise 4. Round
up ideas in a class discussion.
1 e 2 f 3 d 4 c 5 b 6 a
Extra activities 1.3
A Explain the activity and go through the list of
trust-building strategies with students. Students could
then do the matching task individually or in pairs. You may
wish to check understanding of the following words before
they begin: rescope (dialogue a), pick your brains (dialogue
b), webinar (dialogue c), impact (dialogue e), struggle, take
some off your hands (dialogue f). After checking answers
with the class, you could extend the activity by getting
students to practise the dialogues in pairs. With stronger
classes, you could also ask students to suggest a different
response for each dialogue (and say what trust-building
strategy the response uses).
1 b 2 a 3 d 4 e 5 f 6 c
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Teacher’s notes
Task
Listening
Students hold a meeting and reflect on criteria for building
trust.
Students listen to people presenting themselves in
a professional context.
9A Put students in pairs and either allocate roles or let
1.01 Explain the context and task to students and
2A
go through the questions with them. Play the recording, then
check answers with the class.
students select them. Refer students to their role cards and
give them time to read the information and prepare for their
meetings.
9B Students now hold their meetings. Set a time limit before they
begin, and during the activity, monitor and note down any points
to highlight during feedback, but do not interrupt the meetings.
9C Allow 3–4 minutes for this stage. Again, monitor and note
down any interesting points that arise. If your students need
extra practice, you could ask them to swap roles and do the
roleplays again. Have a brief feedback session, highlighting any
points you noted while monitoring.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
video activities; Functional language bank
Workbook: p.7 Exercise 1
1.4
Business skills
Presenting yourself
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract key details from conversations between
colleagues about familiar topics.
• Can understand the main points of narratives and
conversations about familiar topics (e.g. work, leisure)
delivered in clear standard speech.
• Can initiate, maintain and close simple, face-to-face
conversations on familiar topics.
• Can give a short, rehearsed talk or presentation on
a familiar topic.
Warm-up
Ask: Have you ever had to introduce yourself to people
for the first time? If you have had experience presenting
yourself in any context, share this with the class if you feel
comfortable doing so. Ask any student who has indicated
that they have introduced themselves: What was the
situation? Ask the class to suggest information they might
include if they were presenting themselves in
a professional situation such as a meeting or presentation.
Lead-in
1 the London office
2 She asks Angela where she is based / if she is based in
Lisbon, and asks if Angela and Martin both work in local
finance teams.
3 They all joined the company in the last year.
4 She says the main meeting is going to start soon and she
wants to introduce herself to others as it is important.
1.02 Go through the instructions and list of topics
2B
with students. You may wish to point out that for one of the
speakers, the recording will not contain information for all
three topics. Ask students to make notes as they listen, play
the recording, and get them to compare notes in pairs before
checking with the class. After checking answers, invite different
students to say which presentation they prefer, giving reasons.
Sue
• responsibility and experience: ten years’ industry
experience; joined the company last year; has worked a
lot on international projects; on the project 100 percent
• main area of expertise: financial controlling
• thoughts about the project: happy to be on the project;
thinks it can achieve a lot; all agree it’s important to
create a common finance platform in Europe
Angelo
• responsibility and experience: finance in Porto
(50 percent)
• main area of expertise: –
• thoughts about the project: –
Martin
• responsibility and experience: head of finance in
Germany (20 percent on the project)
• main area of expertise: finance
• thoughts about the project: thinks it is important
1.03 Ask students to read the questions, play the
2C
recording, then check answers with the class.
1 The slides she used in the afternoon.
2 She offers help to get theatre tickets in London.
3 She says she will see them next month and promises to
bring tea from the UK.
2D You may wish to allow students to think about their answers
Students read a blog about self-presentation.
1 Ask students to cover the text for steps 1–3 and focus on
the title and introduction. Ask them to suggest tips they think
might appear in the blog. Write these on the board and then
get students to read the text quickly to check if their ideas are
mentioned. Check they understand proactive/proactively and
expertise. Then put students in pairs and give them 2–3 minutes
to discuss the questions. Get brief feedback from the class.
individually first, then put them in pairs to discuss. Ask different
students to share their ideas with the class, giving reasons.
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Teacher’s notes
4B Students work individually. Refer them to the template on
Possible answers
1–2 Sue followed all the tips. Overall, she made a
good impression with the colleagues that we
hear. She comes across as a clear and enthusiastic
communicator, with a positive tone of voice and
clear articulation. She seems to be professional, with
relevant experience for the team. Overall, she is very
proactive in her approach to people and tries to be
supportive and friendly.
3 Whilst it is difficult to generalise about different
cultural contexts, this style is likely to be successful in
many global corporate contexts.
Functional language: Self-presentation
Students look at useful language for self-presentation.
3A Depending on the level of your class, you could ask
students to complete the exercise individually, checking
answers in pairs before class feedback, or you could do it as
a whole-class activity, checking answers as you go.
page 126 and give them time to read and complete it. Then
give them 3–5 minutes to think about how they will present
themselves to the group, while you monitor and help.
4C Put students back in their groups. Go through the
instructions and steps 1–3 with them and set a time limit for
each presentation. Remind students to refer to the tips in
the blog in Exercise 1 and use phrases from Exercises 3A and
3B. During the activity, monitor and note down any points to
highlight during feedback after Exercise 4D.
4D In their groups, students now discuss their presentations.
If you think your class would be uncomfortable voting for
the most inspirational presentation, then instead, encourage
students to say which tips from the blog they noticed were
included in each presentation. Again, monitor and note down
any interesting points that arise. As feedback, elicit and discuss
students’ views, and highlight any points you noted while
monitoring.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Functional
language bank
Workbook: p.7 Exercise 2
a 7 b 4 c 1 d 3 e 5 f 8 g 2 h 3 i 5 j 6
3B Go through phrases a–h with students and answer
any vocabulary questions they may have. Then get them
to complete the exercise individually or in pairs and check
answers with the class.
1 e 2 f 3 c 4 h 5 a 6 g 7 d 8 b
3C Get students to read the personal presentation in Exercise
3B again. Ask if they think the language used is more formal
or informal (more informal). Ask for phrases that support their
opinion (e.g. So, What else?, OK, quite a bit, I know a couple of
you, I guess). Ask students to use the phrases in Exercises 3A
and 3B to prepare a similar presentation for themselves. Give
them plenty of time to prepare. Give students the opportunity
to practise their presentation with a partner first and then in
groups or to the class. If time allows, you could get students to
record their presentations (e.g. on their mobile phones) and, in
pairs, listen back to them and suggest improvements.
1.5
Writing
A company news blog
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract key details from a company blog or article.
• Can organise a work-related email to emphasise the
main point.
• Can use appropriate outlines to organise ideas.
Warm-up
Ask for a show of hands on who reads blogs. Elicit some
examples of blogs students have read recently, the type
of information they contained and whether the style of
the blogs was formal or informal. Ask if any write / used to
write their own blogs and, if appropriate, what their blogs
are/were about. Is/Was the content related to interests,
study or professional topics?
Extra activities 1.4
A Students could do this individually or in pairs. With
stronger classes, you could ask students to complete the
sentence beginnings (1–10) using their own words.
1 i 2 f 3 j 4 h 5 c 6 e 7 a 8 d 9 b 10 g
Task
Students prepare a self-presentation and roleplay presenting
themselves to colleagues.
4A Put students in small groups. Explain the activity and give
students a minute to read the information. Allow 2–3 minutes
for groups to choose their industry.
Lead-in
Students read and correct a company news blog.
1 Point out that some company blogs are open to the
public to read, while others are for internal use, to be read
by employees. Get students to look at the blog title and say
whether they think this blog is intended for internal or external
publication (internal, to be read by employees). Ask students to
read the blog quickly and ask you about any unknown words.
Then get them to complete the exercise individually or, for
weaker classes, in pairs. Check answers with the class, then
ask students if they would be interested in applying for the
programme. Encourage them to give reasons why / why not.
1 the 2 back 3 which 4 for 5 the 6 to 7 with
8 that 9 be 10 if
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Teacher’s notes
Functional language
Students look at useful phrases for company news blogs.
2A Students should do this individually, referring to the blog
in Exercise 1.
have already done the Extra activity for this lesson, you could
also refer them to the model answer there for ideas. Set a time
limit and encourage students to make notes. Monitor and help
as necessary.
Possible answers
1 off 2 delighted 3 chance 4 salary 5 preparing
6 hesitate 7 link
2B Go through the phrases in the box to check that students
understand them and clarify where necessary. Get them to
complete the exercise individually and then compare answers
in pairs before class feedback.
Title/Introducing
Great news!
New opportunity for all staff!
Why not take advantage of an exciting new scheme?
Informing
The changes come into place next month.
The company is happy to announce that …
We are opening our first office in Ecuador.
Title/Introducing
Company sponsoring overseas volunteer projects
Informing
Project idea – Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Learn about
marine life. Learn how to surf!
One month to travel around the country afterwards.
Concluding
Contact HR if interested.
Next year’s sabbatical schedule to be finalised by end of
month.
Other ideas welcome!
3B If there is no time to do the writing task in class, you
could set it for homework. Otherwise, set a time limit and ask
students to work individually to write their blog, using their
notes from Exercise 3A.
Concluding
We would welcome any comments you might have about …
Let us know if you wish to participate.
If you are interested, please contact …
Extra activities 1.5
A This exercise provides students with a second model
answer and practises useful language for company
news blogs. It can be done individually or in pairs. Check
answers with the class, clarifying meanings as necessary.
1 Ever 2 advantage 3 offering 4 Full 5 chance
6 concerns 7 preparing 8 wish 9 hesitate
Optional grammar work
The blog in Exercise 1 contains examples of phrases
with be to talk about the future, so you could use it for
some optional grammar work. Refer students to the
Grammar reference on page 118 and use the exercises in
MyEnglishLab for extra grammar practice.
Task
Students write a company news blog.
3A Put students in pairs and tell them that they are going to
write a company news blog. Refer them to the spidergram on
page 126 and elicit what their blog will be about
(a company’s sabbatical scheme). Point out the heading above
the spidergram. Explain that they need to decide where in
their blog they will include the information in the spidergram.
Tell them to refer to the model answer in Exercise 1 and the
completed table in Exercise 2A if they need help. If students
Model answer
Volunteer projects for sabbaticals
Want to take that sabbatical but don’t know how to
arrange it? Then you are sure to be delighted to learn that
we are sponsoring sabbaticals next year which involve
overseas volunteer projects.
The company is happy to announce that it would welcome
ideas for volunteering projects from all staff. One example
idea has already been suggested. It is a sabbatical working
with a marine charity on the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
In Australia you could take advantage of the opportunity
to both learn about marine life and how to surf. As you
are likely to want to see more of the country, you will
have one month to travel around the country after your
volunteering work.
If you are interested in this opportunity or have your own
idea to submit, please contact HR by the end of the month,
when next year’s sabbatical schedule is to be finalised.
Please don’t hesitate to contact us if you have an idea you
would like to discuss informally.
3C Students could do this in the same pairs as Exercise 3A
or you could get them to work with a new partner. Ask them
to read each other’s blogs and think about (a) the similarities
and differences and (b) how their partner’s blog can help them
improve their own. If Exercise 3B was completed as homework,
this exercise can be done in the next lesson. You could then ask
students to write a final, improved version of their blog, in class
or for homework.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
grammar practice; Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.118 Phrases with be
Workbook: p.8 Exercises 1–3
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Teacher’s notes
Business workshop
1
Possible answers
Some employees might leave if they see that it is always
family members that get the top jobs and promotions. This
reputation could also put people off joining the company
and they might prefer to go to bigger competitors.
Keeping the workforce happy
GSE learning objectives
• Can identify the main reasons for and against an
argument or idea in a discussion delivered in clear
standard speech.
• Can understand problem and solution relationships in
informal conversation.
• Can recognise that a speaker is expressing concerns in
a formal discussion.
• Can justify a viewpoint on a topical issue by discussing
pros and cons of various options.
• Can write a simple business proposal with supporting
details.
Background
Students read about Schokoschatz, a chocolate-maker based
in Germany.
1 Put students in pairs and ask them to read the background
and discuss the questions. Check answers with the class.
1 Schokoschatz is a chocolate-maker.
2 They had a lot of competition from large companies in
the market.
3 They produce organic and fair-trade chocolate with
cocoa beans from Peru and have innovative ideas for
their products.
4 Some employees feel they can’t make a career in the
company.
BW 1.01 Play the recording, twice if necessary, for
3
students to complete their answers, and get students to
compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 Johannes has problems finding staff to fill empty
positions and is concerned about keeping the people
he has. Emma is leaving, which is a big problem.
2 Martina says that people are not enthusiastic about
working for them.
3 Martina suggests making sure the atmosphere in the
departments is positive and supportive and being
transparent about decisions when it is possible.
4 Johannes suggests setting up a system to make sure all
employees feel respected and are told when they do
a good job. They also need to stress the work–life
balance they can offer.
5 They decide to chat with people in their departments to
get ideas and meet again to discuss them.
4 Go through the instructions with students and put them in
pairs to brainstorm ideas. Elicit ideas from different students,
encouraging them to give reasons. Write students’ ideas on the
board and/or encourage them to note down ideas mentioned.
BW 1.02 Explain the activity to students and refer them
5
to the list of ideas on the board and/or in their notes. Play the
recording for them to check their answers, then check as a class.
BW 1.02 Give students a minute to read the list of
6
problems and check they understand discount, insufficient and
autonomy. Play the recording, then check answers with the class.
Notes
Companies which work in highly competitive fields
often look for niche markets, which was the case in
the company described. By offering only fair-trade and
organic products using high-quality cocoa beans from
farmers in Peru, this small company was able to find
new customers and markets. They can often command
higher prices but have a devoted customer base who
are willing to pay a premium for the products. Although
they are based in Germany, they have hired staff around
the world and the company language is now English.
The name Schokoschatz was chosen as ‘schoko’
is sometimes used as a short form in German for
‘schokolade’ /ʃɒkɒˈlɑːdə/, which means ‘chocolate’, and
‘schatz’ /ʃɑːts/ means ‘treasure’. The company’s name
would translate as ‘Chocolate Treasure’. It is pronounced
/ˈʃɒkɒʃɑːts/.
Discussing the problem
Students listen to conversations about staff recruitment and
retention.
2 Refer students to the background. Explain that they are
going to listen to a conversation where two managers from
Schokoschatz are discussing problems with finding new staff and
keeping staff they have now. You could get them to discuss the
question in pairs first, then elicit ideas from different students.
1 Andy 2 Tomasz 3 Tomasz 4 Carolina 5 Sirina
6 Carolina 7 Sirina 8 Tomasz 9 Andy 10 Carolina
11 Sirina 12 Andy
Extra activities Business workshop 1
A Explain the activity and ask students to work
individually. Get them to compare answers in pairs, then
check with the class. If time allows, you could play the
recordings again and ask students to tell you to pause
when the answers are mentioned.
1 k 2 e 3 a 4 i 5 c 6 g 7 d 8 l 9 h 10 b
11 j 12 f
The survey
Students analyse the results of an employee satisfaction
survey.
7A This activity is best done in pairs or small groups.
Encourage students to make notes. Play the recordings again
if students need to hear them for ideas, then elicit suggestions
around the class.
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Teacher’s notes
7B Students stay in their pairs or small groups. Ask them to
turn to page 134 to compare their suggestions with the survey.
Get brief feedback from the class.
8 Put students in (new) pairs. Give them 3–4 minutes to discuss
their ideas, then get feedback from the class. Encourage students
to refer to information in the table to support their ideas.
The majority are satisfied with: the training programme,
having flexible hours that adapt to their needs, getting
meal vouchers, cooperation within the company.
The majority are not satisfied with: salaries, the bonus
scheme, the chance to make a career in the company,
useful discounts for free-time activities, financial help with
travel, autonomy in the job.
Extra activities Business workshop 1
B This activity provides students with extra reading
practice. Give them time to read the statements first, so
they know what they need to look for in the survey and
table. They could do the exercise individually or, in weaker
classes, you could let them work in pairs.
Task: Improve employee retention
Students discuss measures to improve employee recruitment
and retention and write a proposal.
9 Put students in small groups and explain the task. Students
brainstorm five ideas that Schokoschatz should introduce to
help improve employee retention and/or recruitment of new
staff. Refer them to the points they need to discuss and point
out that that they can use ideas from the lesson or their own
ideas.
10 Depending on the size of your class, you can either join
existing groups together into larger groups or rearrange
students into new groups. Give them time to explain and
discuss their ideas from Exercise 9. Each new group should
decide on one set of ideas. If there is time, you could ask groups
to present their ideas to the class, giving reasons for their
decisions.
11 Explain the writing task and write the headings on the
board. Explain to students that their proposal should be divided
into sub-sections, one for each heading. Point out the word
limit and set a time limit for the writing task. Alternatively,
students could write their proposal for homework.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
1 F (77 percent disagree or disagree strongly that
they can make a career in the company).
2 F (68 percent disagree or disagree strongly that
they are happy with their pay).
3 T (46 percent agree or agree strongly that they
would like more autonomy).
4 T (76 percent agree or agree strongly that they like
getting meal vouchers).
5 F (65 percent agree or agree strongly that they like
the training programme).
6 T (72 percent disagree or disagree strongly that
they receive a bonus when they do a good job).
7 F (39 percent agree or agree strongly that they get
enough financial help with travel).
8 F (73 percent agree or agree strongly that there is
cooperation in the company between employees).
9 T (78 percent agree or agree strongly that they
have hours that adapt to their needs).
Review
1
1 1 behaviour 2 structure 3 hierarchy 4 code
5 flexibility 6 image 7 atmosphere 8 open
9 strategy 10 values
2 1 will have worked 2 will still be working
3 will have made 4 Will, have opened
5 will be implementing 6 will have installed
7 Will, be training 8 will have achieved
3 1 To be honest 2 we both want to
3 what you’re saying about 4 based on your
experience 5 Can I suggest 6 Would it be useful
4 1 g 2 h 3 f 4 e 5 c 6 d 7 a 8 b
5 1 f 2 b 3 e 4 c 5 a 6 g 7 d
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2
Training and
development
Unit overview
CLASSWORK
2.1
Learning on the
job
Lead-in Students are introduced to the concept of training and
development.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Reading bank
Video Students watch a video where three people talk about
different types of training.
Pronunciation bank: p.114 Stressing
kew words in sentences
Vocabulary Students look at vocabulary related to training and
development.
Project Students prepare an induction programme.
2.2
Human resource
strategies
Lead-in Students look at key terms related to training and
development.
Communication
skills: Team
communication
Teacher’s book: Resource bank
Photocopiable 2.1 p.136
Workbook: p.9 Exercises 1–3
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
Listening Students listen to a conversation about corporate strategy
on training and development.
Grammar reference: p.118 Modals in
the passive voice
Grammar Students study and practise modals in the passive voice.
Teacher’s book: Resource bank
Photocopiable 2.2 p.137
Speaking Students practise using modals in the passive in a problemand writing solving activity and a follow-up writing task.
2.3
FURTHER WORK
Lead-in Students discuss different ways to work in teams.
Video Students watch a video about different approaches to
teamwork.
Reflection Students reflect on the conclusions from the video and
discuss their own approach to team communication.
Workbook: p.10 Exercises 1 and 2,
p.11 Exercises 1–3
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Interactive video
activities; Functional language bank
Workbook: p.12 Exercise 1
Functional Students look at useful phrases for exchanging ideas.
language
Task Students organise a team-building event.
2.4
Business skills:
Facilitating
a meeting
Lead-in Students discuss facilitation skills.
Listening Students listen to a meeting about possible changes to
learning management in an organisation.
Functional Students look at useful phrases for facilitating discussion
language when leading meetings.
Task Students roleplay a meeting on how to support
a company’s internationalisation.
2.5
Writing: A training
request
Lead-in Students read and complete an email requesting a training
course.
Functional Students look at useful language for making requests and
language giving reasons.
Task Students write an email requesting a training course.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Functional language
bank
Pronunciation bank: p.114 Linking
between words
Workbook: p.12 Exercise 2
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Interactive grammar
practice; Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.119 Linking
words for reason and purpose
Workbook: p.13 Exercises 1 and 2
Business
workshop 2
Quality service
for all
Listening Students listen to a conference call about issues related to
training and development.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
Reading Students read reports on training needs and interpret
a skills map analysing these training needs.
Task Students create and present a blended-learning course.
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Teacher’s notes
Business brief
The main aim of this unit is to introduce students to the concept of training and
development, and the similarities and differences between the two. It is important for
organisations to focus on the personal development of their employees since a valuable
employee is more likely to stay with the organisation if they develop their skills internally,
improving staff retention. Also, it is important for the employee to undertake training
and development in order to improve their skills, which can then benefit their team,
department and organisation.
Different types of training might be applicable to different stages of career development.
New employees can be informally or formally trained up for their duties or specific tasks.
Existing employees might require additional training as their role evolves.
When an employee starts work, they are often given an induction. This is an introduction
to the organisation, its corporate culture, values and expectations of its employees. The
employee will be shown around their working environment, introduced to colleagues and
key personnel and will learn basic logistical information such as how to find their way
around as well as key rules and regulations related to the company.
There are various types of training. On-the-job training gives a concentrated approach
to learning a new skill, specific to the task. Classroom training is where the employee
attends a course either identified by the human resources department or by the individual
employee. Online training is becoming more popular as it is comparatively cheaper than
classroom training and can be carried out in the workplace or at home. Blended training
can be a mixture of these training techniques.
Some companies offer intensive long-term training in the form of apprenticeships, which
give a young person a skill in an industry. The company employs an apprentice: a college/
school leaver to be trained on the job by the organisation while they work. The apprentice is
a low-paid employee during this period and can go on to working as a full-time employee of
the company, having acquired useful skills that are both practical and transferable.
Career development is a life-long commitment to develop one’s career and personal skills.
Many universities have careers advice and study modules for students to learn how to
approach an industry they are interested in and how to work towards their career goals.
Successional development is where an employee can acquire enough knowledge and
ability to succeed their boss when they retire or leave the organisation.
Training and
development
and your students
In the early stages of a career, there can be so much focus on getting a job that it is easy
to forget that career progression relies on continually building on and updating skills.
Students who are already in work should be aware of training offered by their company
and how this connects to their own career development. They should be able to explain
not only their training needs, but also those of others. Pre-work students should be aware
of the importance of training and development and be able to identify skills which they
may need further training to develop.
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Teacher’s notes
Unit lead-in
Video
Elicit a brief description of the photo and ask students how
they think it might relate to the unit title. Then refer them to
the quote and ask them to put it into their own words (e.g. If
you train employees, they may leave and take their new skills
with them; but if you don’t, they might stay but not be useful
to the company, which is worse.). Invite a few students to say if
they agree or disagree, giving reasons.
Students watch a video where three people talk about
different types of training.
2.1
2
2.1.1 Explain to students that they are going to watch
a video in which three employees talk about types of training
and development. You could ask them to try to guess what
types of training and development might be mentioned and
then play the video for them to check.
Lucrece: induction training Kina: mentoring
Ashley: online training
Learning on the job
GSE learning objectives
3
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on
a work-related topic.
• Can understand the speaker’s point of view on most
topics delivered at natural speed and in standard
language.
• Can justify and sustain views clearly by providing
relevant explanations and arguments.
Warm-up
Ask the class if they have been on any training courses.
Were they carried out in-house or outside of college/work?
Were they for specific skills or more general, such as team
building? Ask students whether they would prefer to work
for a company that offers good training and development
opportunities and an average salary or one that offers no
training and development but a higher salary. Encourage
them to give reasons for their opinions.
Lead-in
Students are introduced to the concept of training and
development.
1 Before students do the exercise, write training and
development on the board and ask them if they think the
two are the same. If not, ask them to suggest some ways in
which they are different. Put students in pairs and give them
2–3 minutes to discuss questions 1–3. Check the answers to
question 1, then invite different students to share with the class
their views on questions 2 and 3. As a follow-up, you could
ask the following questions, which can be discussed in pairs,
small groups or as a whole class: When you look for a job, is it
important for you to find one in which you can develop? Why? /
Why not? How do you think a company or organisation can
help a new employee identify their training and development
needs?
2.1.1 Give students a minute to go through the notes
before they watch and answer any vocabulary questions they
may have. Play the video again for students to complete the
notes. To check answers, you could play the video once more
and pause at appropriate points to elicit the answers.
1 company 2 part 3 policies 4 professional
5 one-to-one 6 departments 7 access 8 device
9 face-to-face
4 Put students in pairs or small groups and ask them to discuss
the question. For smaller classes, this could be a whole-class
discussion. You may wish to ask a few follow-up questions such
as: Have you ever had induction training? What did you do?
Was it useful? Would you like to be mentored one-to-one by a
more experienced colleague? Why? / Why not? Do you think
online training will replace face-to-face training?
Extra activities 2.1
2.1.1 This activity practises key concepts from the
A
video. Ask students to try to complete the task without
watching again, then play the video again for them to
check/complete their answers. Check answers with the
class, clarifying as necessary.
1 c 2 a 3 b 4 b 5 a 6 c
B This activity focuses on useful vocabulary from the
video. Check meanings as a class before students begin
or ask them to look up the words in a dictionary. If you
choose the second option, clarify meanings during class
feedback.
1 up-to-date 2 systems 3 develop 4 career
5 progress 6 flexible 7 suitable 8 function
1
a development b training
2–3 Students’ own answers
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Teacher’s notes
Pronunciation bank
p.114: Stressing key words in sentences
Warm-up
Elicit or remind students that intonation is
about how we say things to create expression
and variation in speech and to indicate to the
listener which words are important. Write
the example sentence from the box on the
board and read it, stressing the word doubled.
Ask students: Did I emphasise any particular
information in the sentence? (Yes, the fact that
sales have doubled.) How do you know? (The
word doubled was stressed.) Say the sentence
again, this time stressing the word Paris. Ask:
Which word did I stress this time? (Paris.) Did
this change the emphasis of the sentence? (Yes.)
Go through the explanation in the box with the
class and invite different students to say the
sentences, stressing the two underlined words.
1
P2.01 Do this as a whole-class activity. Play the
recording, pausing after each sentence for students to
repeat the phrases.
2 Put students in pairs and ask them to take turns
to say each sentence, stressing the correct words.
Circulate and monitor, helping where needed.
Vocabulary: Training and development
Students look at vocabulary related to training and
development.
5 Get students to complete the activity individually and then
check answers in pairs. The first letter of each word is given,
but you may feel that your class would benefit from watching
the video again to focus on the words in the exercise. Check
answers with the class, checking understanding of the gapped
words and clarifying meaning as necessary.
1 career development 2 induction programme
3 job-related training 4 mentee 5 online courses
6 delivery method
6A Depending on the level of your class, this activity can be
done individually or in pairs. Allow students to use dictionaries
if necessary. Check answers with the class but do not discuss
the meanings of the words in bold yet as students will look at
these in the next exercise.
i
courses which teach specific skills rather than general
theory
ii friendly agreement and understanding between people
iii to use something as a standard by which other things can
be judged or measured
iv the level that is considered to be acceptable or the level
that someone or something has achieved
v having reached a level of possessing enough skill or
knowledge to do something to a satisfactory standard
vi the ability to keep one’s emotions under control and show
understanding for others
vii eagerness and willingness to do something without
needing to be told or forced to do it
viii the ability to understand people’s behaviour
ix a careful analysis of what training is necessary for a group
or individual
x the particular abilities a person has or has learnt
standards: the level that is considered to be acceptable
or the level that someone or something has achieved
(definition iv)
emotional intelligence: the ability to keep one’s emotions
under control and show understanding for others
(definition vi)
practical courses: courses which teach specific skills rather
than general theory (definition i)
skills set: the particular abilities a person has or has learnt
(definition x)
competency: having reached a level of possessing enough
skill or knowledge to do something to a satisfactory
standard (definition v)
rapport: friendly agreement and understanding between
people (definition ii)
motivation: eagerness and willingness to do something
without needing to be told or forced to do it (definition vii)
understanding: the ability to understand people’s
behaviour (definition viii)
needs analysis: a careful analysis of what training is
necessary for a group or individual (definition ix)
benchmarking: to use something as a standard by which
other things can be judged or measured (definition iii)
Extra activities 2.1
C This activity practises key vocabulary from the lesson. It
is best done individually, to check students’ understanding
and identify items which may need clarification.
1 training 2 needs analysis 3 benchmarking
4 online courses 5 skills sets 6 competency
7 mentoring 8 motivation
7 You could do the first two items as examples with the
1 g 2 a 3 h 4 b 5 f 6 d 7 c 8 e
6B Put students in (new) pairs and give them plenty of time
to discuss the meanings. Encourage them to use the context
of each sentence to help them. If your students need help, you
could write the following definitions on the board or provide
them as a handout and ask students to match them to the
words in bold (see answers in brackets below):
class, then ask students to complete the rest of the questions
individually. Check answers with the class, and then put
students in pairs to discuss the questions. After 3–5 minutes,
invite different students to share their views with the class.
1 mentoring 2 mentee 3 trainer 4 training
5 analysis 6 analytical 7 motivation 8 motivated
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Teacher’s notes
Project: Induction to a new job
Lead-in
Students prepare an induction programme.
Students look at key terms related to training and
development.
8A Put students in pairs and explain the activity. Give them
some time to decide on their company first. Then go through
the bullet points with them and set a time limit for the
discussion.
8B Join pairs together into groups of four and explain the
activity. Go through the information in the boxes with students
and make sure they are clear about what they need to do in
each case.
8C Students now return to their original pairs, discuss any
amendments they would like to make to their original ideas
and prepare a written programme for the induction day. On
the board, write: topic and content of the sessions; timings;
location for each part; who will lead? Ask pairs to make sure
their programme includes this information. Monitor and check
that all elements are included, and help where necessary.
When students have finished, you could ask them to present
their programme to the pair they worked with in Exercise 8B.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Reading bank
Pronunciation bank: p.114 Stressing key words in sentences
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 2.1 p.136
Workbook: p.9 Exercises 1–3
1 Refer students to the diagram and check they know what a
Venn diagram is (a diagram showing the relationship between
two or more things, showing things that apply to each
individually and also what applies to both/all). You could check
understanding of the diagram by asking: Which bullet points
relate to training? (functional approach, job-orientated,
task-orientated) Which apply to development? (crossfunctional approach, general business skills, preparation
for future challenges) Which apply to both training and
development? (blended learning, in-house training). Put
students in pairs and go through the instructions and example
with them. Give pairs 3–5 minutes to discuss, then get feedback
from the class.
Model explanations
‘Job-orientated’ is in ‘training’ because it involves teaching
the specifics of a particular job.
‘Task-orientated’ is in ‘training’ because it involves learning
how to handle tasks needed in a particular job.
‘Blended learning’ is in ‘either’ because both training
and development courses can be delivered with the
combination of online and face-to-face meetings.
‘In-house training’ is in ‘either’ because it can be used for
specific job training or more general development courses.
2.2
Human resource
strategies
‘Cross-functional approach’ is in ‘development’ because it
is used to train employees to use skills for more than one
department or job.
‘General business skills’ are in ‘development’ because they
can be used anywhere in the company.
GSE learning objectives
• Can understand cause and effect relationships in
informal conversation at natural speed.
• Can understand the speaker’s point of view on most
topics delivered at natural speed and in standard
language.
• Can use a range of modals with passive infinitives
referring to the present or future.
• Can describe in detail why they agree or disagree
with a suggested work-related change.
‘Preparation for future challenges’ is in ‘development’
because it is needed to help employees with their careers.
2 Students could do this in the same pairs as Exercise 1. Before
they begin, go through the terms in the box with them and
check they understand their meanings. Give pairs 3–5 minutes
to complete the diagram. To check answers, you could copy the
diagram onto the board and invite students to come and write
their ideas in the relevant section. Encourage students to give
reasons for their answers.
Warm-up
Model explanations
Ask students to brainstorm training courses and write
them on the board as they call out suggestions. If your
class has access to the internet, you could ask them to look
up some business- and work-related courses. If students
have completed Lesson 2.1, ask them to summarise how
training and development are different. Then ask them
which of the courses on the board they would describe
as training and which as development. There are no right
or wrong answers here, so accept any reasonable ones as
long as students can justify them.
‘Short-term goals’ and ‘skills specific to a job’ belong
in ‘training’ because they deal with the tasks of one
particular job or department and need to be learnt quickly.
‘External training’ and ‘mentoring’ belong in ‘either’
because they refer to the delivery of the courses and not
the content.
‘Long-term goals’ and ‘preparation for career’ belong in
‘development’ because they look ahead to the future and
train employees for moving up in the company.
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Teacher’s notes
Listening
Grammar: Modals in the passive voice
Students listen to a conversation about corporate strategy
on training and development.
Students study and practise modals in the passive voice.
3A
2.01
Go through the instructions with students and
check they understand automotive manufacturer (a company
that makes cars and vehicles). Play the recording, then check
answers with the class.
Possible answer
Mike has been asked to work on a global strategy for
training and development. He’s visiting the biggest sites
to find out more about the different approaches, starting
in Brazil.
He speaks to Teresa about Brazil’s strategy regarding
training and development. They also discuss the
differences between the two.
3B
2.01
Write training, development and methods on
the board. Ask students if they can remember anything the
speakers mentioned about each of the headings. Play the
recording again for students to check and add information to
their initial answers. Go through the answers with the class.
a It is a functional approach (one job or department) and
makes sure employees have skills they need to do their
job. It is job- or task-orientated with short-term goals.
b It is part of long-term goals. It is a cross-functional
approach and used to prepare employees for future
challenges. It helps employees get general business
skills they can use in any department and in their future
career.
c The same methods can apply to either training or
development. Blended learning, in-house training,
external training or mentoring can be used.
4 Depending on the strength of your class, students could do
this exercise individually or in pairs. If they need help, let them
listen to the conversation again.
1 c 2 b 3 c 4 c (has the mindset for growth) 5 b
5 Put students in pairs and give them 2–3 minutes to discuss
the question. You could then open this up to a whole-class
discussion. Make sure students give reasons for their answers.
To extend the discussion, you could also ask: How do you think
employees who have been with the company for a long time
would feel if this happened? (Possible answer: They might feel
that loyalty to the company is not valued or be demotivated.)
Extra activities 2.2
A
2.01
This activity practises vocabulary from the
recording. Ask students to complete it individually and get
them to compare answers in pairs before checking with
the class. During feedback, clarify meanings as necessary.
2.02
6A
Play the recording for students to complete the
extracts. Then play it a second time for them to check their
answers.
1 are used 2 could be improved 3 would be considered
4 have to be taken 5 is (always) seen
6 mustn’t be decided
6B Put students in pairs and give them 1–2 minutes to discuss
the questions, then check answers with the class. Ask students
to identify the modals in sentences 2, 3, 4 and 6 (2 could, 3
would, 4 have to, 6 mustn’t). You could briefly revise the passive
at this point, checking students understand how it is formed
and why it is used.
They are all passive (using ‘to be’ and the past participle).
They are used to show that the action is more important
than who does it. Numbers 1 and 5 do not use modals; the
other four do.
6C Write the following on the board: ability, obligation, lack
of obligation, necessity, permission, possibility, prohibition,
recommendation. Check students know what they mean and
explain that they are all things that modal verbs can express.
Draw students’ attention to the example and point out or elicit
that some modals can express more than one function. Then
get students to complete the exercise, individually or in pairs,
and check answers with the class. For extra practice, you could
ask students to find the passive modals in audioscript 2.01 on
page 144 and rewrite them as active sentences.
can be used – ability or permission
could be improved – possibility
do not have to be trained – lack of obligation
ought to be done – recommendation
have to be taken into account – obligation
might be moved – possibility
mustn’t be decided – prohibition
needs to be developed – necessity
should be held – recommendation
would be considered – possibility
7 Refer students to the Grammar reference on page 118. Go
through the explanations and examples with them and clarify
any points as necessary. Give students a few minutes to do the
exercise individually and get them to compare answers in pairs
before class feedback.
1 must be decided
3 should be discussed
5 would be considered
7 should be looked at
2 need to be budgeted
4 may be expected
6 could be trained
8 have to be thought
1 initiative 2 regarding 3 input 4 up-to-date
5 strategic 6 question 7 account 8 favour
9 effective 10 relevant
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Teacher’s notes
Extra activities 2.2
B This activity gives further practice of passive modals
and can be done individually or in pairs. With weaker
classes, you may wish to look at the active sentences with
the class and ask them to identify the modal verbs before
they complete the passive sentences. You may also wish to
do the first item as an example.
modals, for some brief class feedback afterwards. To extend the
activity, you could join pairs together into groups of four and
get them to take turns to present their ideas to each other.
8C Students can do this in class or as homework. When they
have finished (or in the next lesson), you could get them to
swap memos with a partner and identify/check any examples
of passive modals used.
Model answer
Possible answers
1 Our accounting system has to be learnt by all new
employees.
2 The decision ought to be left to Matthieu.
3 We should be offered an online course.
4 It must be clarified (by management) how many
people they want to train.
5 Junior staff can be mentored by more experienced
employees.
6 A wide range of skills should be developed in/
with/using long-term development programmes.
7 An employee may be helped to make a career
in the company by/through a development
programme.
8 Communication skills would be taught (to them) if
management thought it was necessary.
To all staff
It has been decided that business clothes should be worn
in the office. Coffee breaks must be shortened and lunches
need to be eaten in the kitchen or outside the office. As our
office is open-plan, staff are reminded that telephone calls
need to be carried out quietly. In addition, reports must be
finished on time. Thank you for your cooperation.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
Grammar reference: p.118 Modals in the passive voice
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 2.2 p.137
Workbook: p.10 Exercises 1 and 2, p.11 Exercises 1–3
2.3
Communication skills
Team communication
Speaking and writing
Students practise using modals in the passive in a problemsolving activity and a follow-up writing task.
8A Explain the activity and refer students to the example and
ideas in the box. Ask them to work individually and choose four
or five of the ideas in the box (or their own ideas) and make
a list of things that need to be changed. Point out that they
should use passive modals where possible. During the activity,
monitor and check students are using passive modals correctly.
Possible answers
Business clothes must be / should be / ought to be worn.
Coffee breaks have to / should be kept short / to ten
minutes.
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on
a work-related topic.
• Can recognise a speaker’s feelings or attitudes.
• Can justify and sustain views clearly by providing
relevant explanations and arguments.
• Can politely interject while someone else is speaking
during a work-related meeting.
• Can encourage decision-making in meetings using fixed
expressions.
• Can lead a discussion, expanding and developing ideas,
if given time in advance to prepare.
Communication skills need to be / must be improved.
Computer systems have to be / must be updated /
replaced.
IT skills have to be / should be improved.
Desks should be kept tidy.
Food/Meals should not be eaten in the office / at desks.
Reports must be / have to be finished on time.
Tasks must be / have to be / should be completed
punctually.
Telephone calls should be made quietly.
Workplace culture needs to be understood / improved /
communicated.
8B This activity is best done in two stages. Start by putting
students in pairs and giving them time to compare their lists
and agree on action points. Allow 2–3 minutes for this. Then
give them 3–5 minutes to prioritise the action points agreed
and decide on specific steps for each one. During the activity,
monitor and note down any errors students make with passive
Warm-up
Put students in pairs or small groups and dictate or write
the following questions on the board: When did you last
need to work in a team? How many people were in it?
What was the purpose? Did you have a team leader? Give
pairs 3–5 minutes to discuss the questions, then get brief
feedback from the class.
Lead-in
Students discuss different ways to work in teams.
1A Put students in pairs, refer them to the diagrams and
ask them what type of team culture they think each diagram
represents (possible answers: Team culture A: there is a team
leader role, each person has specific roles; Team culture B:
collaborative, roles overlap, shared leadership). Give pairs
3–4 minutes to discuss more features of each team culture and
possible advantages and disadvantages. Get feedback from the
class, listing students’ ideas on the board under three headings:
Features, Advantages and Disadvantages.
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Teacher’s notes
1B
2.03
Explain the activity and play the recording. With
weaker classes, you may need to play the recording twice: once
for them to check which of their ideas from Exercise 1A are
mentioned and a second time for them to note any additional
ideas for features, advantages and disadvantages for each team
culture. Get feedback from the class, adding answers to the lists
on the board.
Possible answers
two options, giving reasons for their answers. Elicit ideas from
a few students and then, as a class, decide which video to
watch first.
3B
2.3.2
2.3.3 Give students a minute to read the
questions for Option A or Option B, depending on their choice,
and play the video. If time allows, put students in the same
groups as Exercise 3A and get them to compare answers before
checking with the class. Do the same for the second video.
Team culture A
Option A
More focused on the individual, each person having a clear
and specific role and place in the team.
1 to give the best advice on finance and quality
2 to coach and train the people working locally to develop
their skills and ensure quality
3 No, she isn’t. She immediately says that she doesn’t think
it makes sense.
4 Emma feels happy because she got the result she
wanted.
Clear roles – people know what they have to do and what
the other does.
People communicate referring to clear personal objectives,
they make clear recommendations to the team based on
these objectives and their expertise.
Option B
There is a leader role for a final decision, which can make
decision-making faster.
1 that they’ve had very good experiences with them
and that he has a lot of trust in their abilities
2 efficient production, good product quality and
a successful project
3 to run two pilot production processes based on a more
detailed set of requirements – one in China and one
locally in Bangladesh, to see if both can be successful,
and decide based on the results
4 On a verbal level, she is because she says, ‘Sounds fair’, ‘So
shall we try that?’, ‘Do we all agree with the idea to …’,
but on a non-verbal level she shows reluctance in the way
she looks at Claudio.
5 Emma is unhappy. She feels that the double pilot idea
will just delay reaching the conclusion that China is the
best option. She seems frustrated that she took Claudio’s
advice to be consultative and the outcome is one she
doesn’t agree with.
Team culture B
Roles overlap with each other, no clear borders for roles.
Focus is on interaction and collaboration – working
together to offer and share ideas, and take creative
decisions with lots of discussion.
There is no separate leader role because shared leadership
is important. This creates a culture where everyone is
responsible for the final decision.
1C Students could discuss the question in pairs or groups first,
then as a whole class.
Video
Students watch a video about different approaches to
teamwork.
2
2.3.1
If your students watched the Unit 1 video, ask
them to give you a short summary of the situation and the
main characters’ roles. If this is the first communication skills
video for your class, briefly set up the context and/or refer
students to page 6 of the Coursebook. Ask students to read the
questions and check they understand auditor and consultative
approach. Play the video, then check answers with the class.
1 Local production (in Bangladesh) is not an option
because the facilities are too poor and this could risk
product quality.
2 Emma thinks Go Global should decide because they are
investing their money and they know the product chain
in detail (they are the experts).
3 To suit the EN-Tek team culture: Sanjit/EN-Tek likes
to be involved, to be part of the discussion, to see
collaboration happening.
4 The wrong decision on location will ‘kill’ the project, i.e.
cause the project to fail.
5 to think carefully about how to handle the meeting with
EN-Tek
3A Explain to students that Emma has two options when she
discusses the report findings with Sanjit and go through the
details of Options A and B with the class. Make it clear that
students can choose which option they want to see first on the
video. Put students in small groups and ask them to discuss the
4 Put students in pairs and give them 3–4 minutes to discuss
the questions. For question 2, encourage students to refer to
the comments Claudio made at the end of each video; they
could do this by looking at the videoscripts on page 138 or by
watching the relevant sections of each video again.
1 See answer key for Exercise 5 below.
2 Students’ own answers
5
2.3.4 Students should do this in the same pairs as
Exercise 4. Explain that they are going to watch the last section
of the video, where the learning points from Options A and B
are discussed. Play the video and give pairs 3–4 minutes to
discuss, then elicit ideas from different students and discuss the
conclusions and learning points with the class.
In Option A, Emma is direct and pushes her ideas strongly.
She reminds Sanjit and Paweł that her role is to give advice
on finance and quality, and says that China is the only
option. Sanjit agrees but it goes against his values and
vision. So, while Emma is happy at the end, Sanjit isn’t
convinced and the team is a little divided.
In Option B, Emma is more collaborative and open, which
leads to the decision to set up two pilots. Emma is not
happy with the outcome and with the delay it will cause.
But Claudio points out that the result is good from a team
point of view, the approach was collaborative, and new
ideas were produced.
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Teacher’s notes
Reflection
Task
Students reflect on the conclusions from the video and
discuss their own approach to team communication.
Students organise a team-building event.
6 Allow students to work individually on this so that they can
reflect on their own preferences and ideas. Then put them in
pairs to discuss their answers. As feedback, elicit ideas from
different students for each question and encourage brief class
discussion. Ask if any students will consider changing their style
after today’s lesson.
Functional language: Exchanging ideas
Students look at useful phrases for exchanging ideas.
7A Students can do this exercise individually or, in weaker
classes, in pairs. After checking answers with the class, clarify
meanings as necessary and encourage students to record the
phrases in their notebooks.
a 2, 5, 12 b 3, 6, 11 c 4, 8, 13 d 1, 9 e 7, 10
7B Ask students to do this individually. Check answers with the
class and then, if time allows, put students in groups of four to
practise the dialogue.
1 What do you think we should
2 Why don’t we (This is the only correct answer as it’s
a question, not a statement.)
3 If we do that, then
4 Just picking up on what
5 so shall we try
8A Put students in pairs and read the situations with them.
In their pairs, they then take turns to respond, using phrases
from Exercise 7A. Elicit responses from different students as
feedback.
8B Students should do this in the same pairs as Exercise 8A.
Explain the activity and give them a minute to choose which
situation they want to practise. During the activity, monitor and
help as necessary, checking that students are using the phrases
from Exercise 7A correctly. Have a round-up session where
students talk about the situation they chose and the decision
they came to.
9A Put students in small groups and give them a few minutes
to read the scenario and the ideas on page 126. Answer any
vocabulary questions they may have.
9B Ask students to work individually. Explain that they need to
prepare arguments for or against the ideas in Exercise 9A. Set
a time limit and encourage students to make notes and add
their own ideas.
9C Back in their groups, students decide on a person to lead
the discussion. On the board, write request ideas and come
to a decision. Tell each group that this is what the leader is
responsible for during the discussion. You may wish to set
a time limit (5–10 minutes) for the discussion and suggest
that each group appoints a student as a time keeper. Remind
students to use the expressions in Exercise 7A. During the
activity, monitor and note down points to highlight during
feedback, but do not interrupt the discussions.
9D Students now join another group and compare their
decisions. Ask them to discuss the language they used, and
what, if anything, they found difficult. If you noted any points
while monitoring the discussions, this would be a good point
to highlight them. Round off the task by asking students what
difference there might have been in the discussion if there
hadn’t been a discussion leader.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
video activities; Functional language bank
Workbook: p.12 Exercise 1
2.4
Business skills
Facilitating a meeting
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract the key details from discussions in
meetings conducted in clear, standard speech.
• Can lead a discussion, expanding and developing ideas,
if given time in advance to prepare.
Warm-up
Extra activities 2.3
A This activity practises functional language from the
lesson. Give students 3–4 minutes to complete the exercise
individually and check answers with the class. Then put
students in pairs to practise the dialogue.
1 What’s the best way to 2 I think the best option
here 3 If we do that, then 4 If I can add to that
5 So, shall we try
B Students could do this in the same pairs as Exercise A
or in small groups. Give them 3–4 minutes to discuss their
ideas, then get feedback from the class. If your students
are not comfortable discussing their own place of work/
study, they could talk about a company or organisation
they know.
Put students in pairs or small groups and dictate or write
the following questions on the board: What makes a
meeting successful? Who is responsible for making these
things happen? Give pairs/groups 2–3 minutes to discuss,
then invite different students to share their ideas with
the class.
Lead-in
Students discuss facilitation skills.
1 Go through the instructions and questions with students
and give them 2–3 minutes to read the text. Help them with
any unknown vocabulary and put them in pairs to discuss the
questions. Allow 3–4 minutes for this, then get brief feedback
from the class.
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Teacher’s notes
2D Discuss the questions with the whole class. Encourage
Possible answer
It is important to bear in mind that facilitation of meetings
is a very demanding task for a single individual, especially
in a foreign language. This is why it can be useful if the
people present at a meeting support and co-facilitate.
However, in some business contexts, the authority for
facilitation might reside in the hands of a single and
possibly senior person, and so shared facilitation may not
be possible.
Listening
Students listen to a meeting about possible changes to
learning management in an organisation.
2.04 Tell students that they are going to hear the
2A
first part of a meeting about possible changes to learning
management in an organisation. Give them a minute to read
through the questions, then play the recording. In weaker
classes, you may need to play the recording twice and/or pause
at short intervals for students to complete their answers.
students to give reasons for their answers.
Possible answers
Overall, it can be said that Takeshi facilitated the meeting
well. He provided a clear objective and structure at the
beginning. He encouraged people to offer opinions and
made clear to the group it was important not to isolate
the people dialling in. He kept the meeting focused, tried
to summarise opinions and identify areas where people
agreed. He managed differences in viewpoints positively.
In the end, he had to cut short the discussion due to
a lack of time, not unusual with more complex decisions,
and gave a clear task at the end of the meeting as to who
should do what, with a promise to take a decision at the
next meeting.
Pronunciation bank
p.114: Linking between words
Warm-up
1 finding ways to digitalise learning, moving away from
traditional classroom training
2 to go around the table first, hear everyone one by one,
and then discuss
3 Sam wants to discuss budget but Takeshi proposes
to discuss it later after the presentations from all the
countries.
4 He insists that everyone speak up, give ideas and
get involved. He would like everyone to be active in
facilitating the meeting and to share the responsibility.
2B
2.05
Explain that students are now going to hear the
next part of the meeting. Again, weaker students may need to
listen a second time or you may need to pause the recording for
them to complete answers.
1 He seeks clarification on what is meant by soft skills
training.
2 He welcomes his disagreement and invites opinions
from others on that point.
3 He encourages her to give her opinion drawing on her
expertise.
4 He gives positive feedback by recognising that Paula’s
point is important. He then summarises what has
been said and identifies where people agree, and
recommends a discussion around the risks of e-learning.
2.06 Tell students that they are going to hear the
2C
final part of the meeting. If time allows, get them to compare
answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 Time is short and he thinks it is important to come to
a decision on next steps.
2 Takeshi suggests that Sam and Steve work further on
the topic and come up with a proposal on how to move
forward.
3 He says he thinks good progress has been made. He also
thanks the group for being proactive and sharing the
facilitation.
Refer students to the introduction in the box
and give them an example. Write do a course
on the board. Say each word one by one, then
model the linking in connected speech (doa
course). Ask students if they can hear an extra
sound between do and a (Yes, /w/ links the
words: /duːwə/.). Explain that this is one of
many ways in which words are linked in spoken
English.
1
P2.02 In stronger classes, encourage students
to say the phrases and match the words with the
types of linking before they listen. Alternatively, play
the recording, pausing after each item for students to
match it with the correct type of linking.
1 b 2 a 3 c
2 Put students in pairs and give them 2–3 minutes
to do the exercise. Do not confirm answers yet as
students will check them in the next exercise.
3
P2.03 Play the recording for students to check
their answers to Exercise 2. Then play it again for them
to listen and repeat the phrases. Correct any errors in
linking and if necessary, drill the phrases around the
class.
1 We communicated through/w/our
lawyers.
2 Thanks to/w/all of you.
3 Then we’ll have/v/a meeting of eight
directors.
4 How do/w/others feel about this?
5 Please give your/r/ideas and tell us what
you want.
4 Put students in pairs to practise saying the sentences
in Exercise 2. Monitor and correct their pronunciation as
necessary, modelling the linking sounds.
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Teacher’s notes
Functional language: Facilitating
a discussion
Students look at useful phrases for facilitating discussion
when leading meetings.
3A This exercise can be done individually or with the whole
class, checking answers as you go.
1 looking 2 ensure 3 around 4 hear 5 off
6 experience
3B Ask students to work individually. Before they categorise
the sentences, check answers to the matching task and clarify
meanings as necessary. Students can then complete the table
individually or in pairs.
Referring to agreement/disagreement: 2 d 3 b 5 c
Managing how long people speak: 1 e 4 a
3C Check students understand recap before they complete
the sentences. After checking answers, encourage students to
record the phrases from Exercises 3A–3C in their notebooks.
1 step 2 proposal 3 round 4 recap 5 progress
Extra activities 2.4
A Refer students to the headings and explain or elicit
that the dialogues are extracts from different parts of
a meeting. Go through the phrases in the box with students
before they begin. After checking answers with the class,
you could put students in pairs to practise the dialogues.
1 the two main things we need to decide today
2 What I suggest is that we first discuss
3 sorry to interrupt
4 I want to hear everyone’s views
5 what do you think
6 so if I understand correctly
7 we need to come to a decision
8 How does that sound to everyone
9 thanks, everyone, for today
10 In terms of next steps
5–8 minutes’ preparation time. With weaker classes, you may
wish to assign roles yourself and group all Students A, B and C
together first to read their cards and briefly discuss their roles
before returning to their original groups.
4C Groups now roleplay their meetings. Set a time limit and
remind Students C that keeping track of time is part of their role
as facilitators. During the activity, monitor and note down points
to highlight during feedback, but do not interrupt the meetings.
When groups have finished, invite them to share and explain
their decisions with the class, and highlight any points you noted
while monitoring. If time allows, students could roleplay the
meetings again, in new groups and with different roles.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities;
Functional language bank
Pronunciation bank: p.114 Linking between words
Workbook: p.12 Exercise 2
2.5
Writing
A training request
GSE learning objectives
• Can infer the meaning of words from context in workrelated documents on familiar topics.
• Can systematically develop an argument giving the
reasons for or against a point of view.
• Can support a main idea with examples and reasons.
• Can use so … and therefore … to express conclusions
and inferences.
Warm-up
Put students in pairs or groups and ask them to discuss
the following questions: Have you ever had to write an
email requesting something and giving your reasons?
How difficult do you think it might be to explain to an
employer why you want to do something? Give students
3–4 minutes to discuss in their pairs/groups, then get brief
feedback from the class.
Lead-in
Students read and complete an email requesting a training
course.
Task
1 Get students to read the email quickly and identify what
Students roleplay a meeting on how to support a company’s
internationalisation.
4A Put students in groups of three and give them time to
read the scenario. You could ask a few check questions such as:
What countries has Aircon decided to expand into? (France and
Germany) What does the Managing Director want your team to
do? (evaluate people management ideas) What do you need to
decide about the ideas? (which are the most effective and
cost-efficient.)
4B Ask groups to decide on their roles and refer Students A
and B to their role cards. Explain or elicit what Student C (the
facilitator) has to do and/or refer students to the definition of
facilitation skills on page 24, Exercise 1. Allow groups
type of training is being requested (a project leadership
training course), why the writer needs it (she has just become a
project leader for the first time) and when she needs an answer
by and why (tomorrow afternoon because registration closes
tomorrow evening). Ask students to read the email again and
do the exercise individually. Get them to compare answers in
pairs before class feedback. To extend the activity, you could
ask students if they would agree to the course if they were
Anna’s manager. Encourage them to give reasons and say what
information in the email helped them to make the decision.
1 made 2 believe 3 offered 4 completion
5 motivate 6 possible 7 Furthermore 8 deal
9 know 10 information
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Teacher’s notes
Functional language
3B Students write their emails using their notes from Exercise 3A.
Students look at useful language for making requests and
giving reasons.
2A Tell students that you are now going to focus on
language for making requests and giving reasons in
written communication. Ask them to complete the exercise
individually, referring to the email in Exercise 1. Check answers
with the class, checking that students understand the meaning
and function of each phrase.
1 request 2 therefore 3 could 4 important 5 vital
6 interested
2B You could do this as a quick whole-class activity, checking
answers and clarifying meanings as you go.
Requests
Would it be possible for me to do a course?
I would appreciate it if I could …
It would be very helpful if I could attend a course.
Reasons
I start work in Spain soon so I need to study Spanish.
I have just been promoted to manager so …
I do not have enough experience in this area.
Extra activities 2.5
A This exercise practises phrases for making requests and
giving reasons. Get students to complete it individually,
then check answers with the class. To extend the activity,
you could put students in pairs and ask them to identify
which sentences are used for making requests, which are
for giving reasons and which sentence does both (see
answers in brackets below).
They should do this individually, in class or for homework.
Model answer
As I am now having to negotiate new contracts with our
customers, I feel that it would be very helpful if I could
attend this new course to help me negotiate more
effectively.
I believe that the course is ideal because it focuses on key
skills such as being able to recognise how negotiations
can change during the process and how to read the
reactions of the people I am negotiating with. It is very
important to be able to know if the other side is likely to
accept our offer.
Another area where I need to improve my skills is being
able to listen actively. I sometimes find it difficult to keep
focused on listening so I occasionally might not always ask
the right questions.
In order to create suitable strategies, the course also looks
at the value of careful planning and preparation so that
I can create effective strategies to use during negotiations.
Since the next course is in two weeks’ time, I’d appreciate
it if you could confirm as soon as possible if I can take this
course as I have to negotiate the new contract with our
biggest client next month.
3C Students should do this in the same pairs as Exercise 3A.
Ask them to exchange emails and check whether they both
used appropriate language for making requests and giving
reasons. Give them time to evaluate and improve their emails
after comparing their work to their partner’s. If students do
the writing task for homework, this exercise can be done in the
next lesson.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
grammar practice; Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.119 Linking words for reason and purpose
Workbook: p.13 Exercises 1 and 2
1 g 2 e 3 j 4 f 5 i 6 h 7 c 8 b 9 d 10 a
(Making requests: 1 g, 2 e, 3 j, 6 h, 9 d, 10 a
Giving reasons: 5 i, 7 c, 8 b
Both: 4 f)
Business workshop
2
Quality service for all
Optional grammar work
GSE learning objectives
The email in Exercise 1 contains examples of linking
words for reason and purpose, so you could use it for
some optional grammar work. Refer students to the
Grammar reference on page 119 and use the exercises in
MyEnglishLab for extra grammar practice.
• Can scan a long text or a set of related texts in order to
find specific information.
• Can identify the main reasons for and against an
argument or idea in a discussion delivered in clear
standard speech.
• Can interpret the main message from complex
diagrams and visual information.
• Can justify and sustain views clearly by providing
relevant explanations and arguments.
• Can ask open-ended questions to better understand
the specific details of a problem.
• Can respond to clearly expressed questions on
a presentation they have given.
Task
Students write an email requesting a training course.
3A Put students in pairs and refer them to the advertisement
on page 127. Give them 5–8 minutes to brainstorm ideas and
plan their emails while you go round monitoring and helping
as necessary. Encourage students to make notes.
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Teacher’s notes
Background
Report on Asia
Students read about a financial consulting firm which
needs to improve the training and development it offers
its employees.
1 Go through the questions with students, put them in pairs
and give them time to read the background and answer the
questions. Check answers with the class.
1 They are an international financial services consulting firm
operating all over the world. Possible answer: These types
of companies provide financial advice and so their clients
might be other multinational companies, SMEs (small and
medium enterprises), private people, start-ups or even
charities.
2 Their biggest problem at the moment is that their
customers feel the quality of advice is not consistent
throughout the organisation. Due to globalisation,
customers are able to find out how other branches of
the company work. This is damaging to the company’s
reputation.
3 Possible answer: The text says that HR departments are
aware there is an issue with training and development. This
probably means that the same training (type and quality) is
not offered to staff in all locations. Addressing this may be
the key to resolving the issues customers have raised.
4 Students’ own answers / Possible answer: The company
could evaluate training needs across the company and
design standard global training programmes.
Training and development issues
Students listen to a conference call and read reports about
issues related to training and development.
BW 2.01 Tell students that they are going to hear part
2
of a conference call, go through the instructions with them
and check they understand attendance. Play the recording
and check answers with the class. With weaker classes, you
may need to play the recording a second time for students to
identify the steps Karen proposes.
1 Victoria 2 Akito 3 Frederik
Karen suggests setting up global e-learning or blendedlearning courses including online and face-to-face
elements. She asks each of them to do more research and
prepare a report so that they can begin working on this
concept.
3A Put students in groups of three. Assign roles (A, B and C)
and explain that they are each going to read a different report
by the Regional HR Directors. Refer students to their reports
and allow plenty of time for them to read the texts and
answer the questions. Do not confirm answers, but go round
monitoring and helping students as necessary.
1 The consultants need training in particular aspects of the
products the company sells, e.g. products for emerging
economies such as micro-loans for those starting small
businesses and also on Islamic financial products. They also
need to be able to explain financing to clients who may not
be familiar with the way markets work.
2 The consultants have excellent relationships with clients
and can sell products well.
3 This market includes well-developed economies as well as
emerging economies. There is also an increase in demand
for Islamic financial products which have strict regulations.
4 Possible answer: The consultants have excellent
relationships with clients as well as skills in selling
products / closing the deal. They need specific training
in products for emerging markets such as micro-loans
and how to explain the basics of finance. They also need
training on Islamic financial products. Courses for these
areas need to be found and offered to staff. One way to do
this might be through a company-wide wiki.
Report on Europe
1 The consultants need training on how to support new
talent and in communication skills when something
goes wrong in a sales call. They also need to learn how to
improve customer retention and not just win new ones.
2 The consultants know their products well and are experts
in their field. They are very good at sales and finding new
customers.
3 Clients trust the expertise of the managers, so often bypass
the junior consultants and ask to speak to the manager,
which means there is not enough development of new
talent. The region also wants to cut training costs using
more online training.
4 Possible answer: The consultants are experts in their
fields although clients often want to speak to a manager
because the perception is that the manager knows more
than the consultant. All consultants need development
and a chance to have a career in the company. In particular,
training should focus on communication skills and building
long-term relationships in order to address problems with
customer retention. Efficient and cost-effective training
should be found to do this.
Report on South America
1 The consultants who join from other parts of the company
need to understand that face-to-face meetings are
essential in this region. They also need training on setting
up long-term relationships with all customers, keeping
existing ones and finding new ones.
2 They are very knowledgeable about products and have
been excellent at selling to existing clients.
3 This market has growing economies, meaning there is
great potential for the business. Emphasis is placed on
long-term relationships, networks, recommendations and
face-to-face meetings.
4 Possible answer: The consultants are very good at sales
to existing clients but need training in maintaining the
client base and finding new ones. Some need training on
improved face-to-face communication skills and setting up
long-term relationships. Courses to practise this should be
implemented. Unfortunately, some of the young people
joining the company have not been interested in the
development programmes or in being mentored so courses
with the personal touch to attract that target group need
to be offered.
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Teacher’s notes
3B In their groups, students tell each other about their report.
Encourage them to summarise and paraphrase key information
rather than repeating the report verbatim. Give students time
to compare their reports and decide which region is the most
problematic. Ask groups to summarise their findings to the
class, giving reasons. Before continuing, make sure students
understand webinar, wiki and forum (see Notes below), all of
which appear in the texts, as these will be used again in the Task.
Notes
• A webinar is an online seminar with a presenter and
a PowerPoint (or similar) presentation. Participants
use a chat box to communicate with each other and
ask questions.
• A wiki is a platform which can be used by a trainer
and trainees to set and upload tasks.
• Many platforms offer forums which allow people to
chat online with each other on particular topics;
companies with intranets often make use of these
as well.
4 Refer students to the map on page 91 and explain that it is a
skills map analysing training needs, which Karen created for the
HR Directors. Ask students if they have seen or used a skills map
before. Look at the map with students and clarify terms where
necessary. Then put them in pairs, give them 5–8 minutes to
discuss the questions and check answers with the class.
1 Possible answer: internal = in the company, external =
outside the company, client-centred = working with
clients and focused on their needs, business-centred =
focused on the company and its development
2 Possible answer: building trust, emotional intelligence,
communication skills and rapport cover sales and
empathy; active listening and negotiating skills cover
sales and management. Students’ own answers for other
skills.
3 They can see which outcomes they want and the skills
they need and then decide on the courses to offer.
4 Possible answer: This could work for tax advisors,
lawyers/attorneys, salespeople in any field, retail and
corporate bankers, etc.
Extra activities Business workshop 2
Extra activities Business workshop 2
A This activity provides students with extra reading
C This exercise can be done individually or in pairs, with
students using their dictionaries to help them if necessary.
To check answers, you could copy the table onto the board
and invite different students to come up and write the
answers in the correct column. During feedback, clarify
meanings as necessary.
practice. Give them a minute to read through the
questions and ask you about any they do not understand.
Explain that in order to answer the questions, they will
need to read all three reports from Exercise 3A. Allow
plenty of time for students to do the exercise, individually
or, in weaker classes, in pairs. Check answers with the
class.
1 South America 2 Asia 3 no interest 4 Europe
5 South America 6 Europe 7 Europe 8 Asia
9 a personal element 10 Asia 11 South America
12 (training in) communication skills
B This activity practises key vocabulary from the lesson.
You could go through the words in the box before students
begin or let them use their dictionaries during the exercise
and clarify meanings during class feedback.
1 potential 2 funds 3 aspect 4 base
5 recommendation 6 emerging 7 generous
8 trust 9 further
1 communicate 2 creative 3 empathise
4 knowledgeable 5 management 6 organisation
7 presentation 8 sell 9 training 10 trustworthy
The nouns referring to people are:
1 communicator 2 creator 5 manager
6 organiser 7 presenter 8 salesperson 9 trainer
10 trustee
(3 and 4 do not have noun forms referring to people.)
D Before students do the matching task, give them time
to read through the items and ask you about any unknown
words. Alternatively, ask them to use their dictionaries
during the task, and clarify meanings during class
feedback.
1 k 2 e 3 i 4 g 5 l 6 h 7 b 8 j 9 c 10 f
11 a 12 d
A skills map
Students interpret a skills map analysing training needs.
Notes
Task: Create a blended-learning course
Financial consultants can be found around the world
working for private consulting companies which supply
financial advice and in banks. They need to have a
particular set of skills which are transferable to other
jobs that deal with customers. The skills map on page
91 of the Coursebook can be used to talk about tax
advisors, lawyers/attorneys, salespeople (in any field),
retail and corporate bankers, etc.
Students create and present a blended-learning course.
5 Students should do this in the same groups as Exercise 3.
Explain the task and go through the list of course elements
with students. Allow plenty of time for this step and check
again that students are clear on the meanings of webinar, wiki
and forum (see Notes in Exercise 3B). Encourage students to
make notes.
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Teacher’s notes
6 Go through the instructions and list of discussion points with
students and make sure they are clear about what they have
to do. Again, encourage them to make notes. Allow plenty of
time for students to create their course. During the discussions,
monitor and help them as necessary.
7 Groups now take turns to present their blended-learning
course to the class, explaining their choices. Point out that
while listening, the rest of the class should take notes and think
of questions to ask at the end of each presentation.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
Review
2
1 1 development 2 job-related 3 rapport 4 analysis
5 benchmarking 6 competency 7 emotional
8 online
2 1 must be provided 2 could be improved 3 must be
held 4 ought to be taken 5 should be invited
6 could be arranged 7 can be done 8 could be made
9 does not / doesn’t need to be finalised 10 does not /
doesn’t have to be informed
3 1 way 2 Why 3 makes 4 cons 5 picking 6 shall
4 1 looking 2 ensure, around 3 off 4 experience
5 consensus 6 come 7 recap
5 1 writing to request 2 promoted to 3 do not have
enough 4 would therefore like 5 could you reply
6 because registration
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3
Finance
Unit overview
CLASSWORK
3.1
Recessions and
depressions
Lead-in Students discuss their attitudes to money, saving and investment.
Video Students watch a video about stock market crashes and financial
depressions.
Vocabulary Students look at vocabulary related to finance and the economy.
Project Students research and present information about a bank or financial
institution.
3.2
Catching up
with rivals
Lead-in Students discuss sportswear brands and financial terms.
Reading Students read an article about profit targets.
Grammar Students study and practise phrases for expressing certainty and
probability in the future and the position of adverbs and adverbial
phrases in sentences.
Speaking Students practise the grammar from the lesson by talking about future
changes in their organisation / place of study.
FURTHER WORK
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Reading bank
Teacher’s book: Resource
bank Photocopiable 3.1 p.138
Workbook: p.14 Exercises 1–3
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities
Grammar reference: p.119
Expressing certainty and
probability; Position of
adverbs and adverbial phrases
Teacher’s book: Resource
bank Photocopiable 3.2 p.139
Workbook: p.15 Exercises 1–3,
p.16 Exercises 1–3
3.3
Communication
skills: Managing
bad news
Lead-in Students discuss positive and negative ways of looking at situations.
Video Students watch a video about different approaches to managing and
responding to bad news.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Interactive video activities
Reflection Students reflect on the conclusions from the video and discuss their
own reactions to and ways of managing bad news.
Pronunciation bank: p.115
The letter ‘t’
Functional Students look at techniques and useful phrases for responding to bad
language news.
Workbook: p.17 Exercise 1
Task Students roleplay a situation where they communicate, manage and
respond to news.
3.4
Business skills:
Telephoning to
clarify
Lead-in Students talk about overcoming difficulties when making a phone call
in another language.
Listening Students listen to and think about the different stages of a phone call.
Functional Students look at useful phrases for asking for clarification and
language paraphrasing information.
Task Students roleplay a telephone call where they clarify information in
financial documents.
3.5
Writing:
Annual report
summary
Lead-in Students read an extract from an executive summary of an annual
report.
Functional Students think about the organisation of an annual report summary
language and look at some useful phrases.
Task Students improve an executive summary of an annual report and then
write their own.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Functional language bank
Pronunciation bank: p.115
Strong and weak forms of that
Workbook: p.17 Exercise 2
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Interactive grammar practice;
Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.120
Articles – a/an, the, no article
Workbook: p.18 Exercises 1–4
Business
workshop 3
Investment
opportunities
Listening Students listen to a conversation between managers about investing.
Speaking Students talk about external factors which may affect a company’s
performance.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities
Reading Students analyse information in graphs.
Writing Students write a report on why a company was chosen for investment.
Task Students hold a meeting to present information about a company.
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Teacher’s notes
Business brief
The main aim of this unit is to introduce students to the concept of the finance sector.
The finance sector is a global trading industry which uses the stock market in a range
of countries to buy and sell a variety of investments. ‘Investment’ is a blanket term for
trading in currencies, commodities (actual goods or services) and bonds. Most investments
hold a risk factor and there can be periods of boom or bust, when investors can make
a profit and then suffer losses. The economic health of a nation or the world often relies on
the complex relationship between investors and their belief and confidence in the markets
they are investing in.
Investor attitude can influence the finance sector creating either a bull or bear market.
A bull market is where investors feel confident and optimistic about their investments
and the economic climate. A bear market is the opposite: investors feel pessimistic
and cautious about the risks involved in investing. This can be affected by political
uncertainty, the media or the failing fortunes of important companies such as the
collapse of a large employer.
In a global economy, when one country faces financial crisis it can have an impact on the
economy of other nations. A slowdown in the economy of a country during a business cycle
is termed a recession, whereas a longer-term downturn in economic activity is
a depression. A famous example of this was in the USA in the 1920s, when a combination
of a strong economy and technological development in the form of mass production
lead to a boom. However, by 1929, the economy had begun to slow and investors lost
confidence. The resulting panic where people rushed to sell shares lead to a financial
crash, known as the Wall Street Crash. Millions of dollars of investments became worthless
overnight and many ordinary people lost their jobs and savings or faced bankruptcy.
The worldwide depression which followed was both long and wide-reaching, negatively
affecting industries, cities and rural communities all around the world. Many economies
did not begin to recover until the mid- to late 1930s.
More recent economic crises have been equally wide-reaching but less destructive.
During 2007–2010, the financial crisis was closely linked to growing confidence in
the housing market, which had been making considerable profits. Speculation on the
housing market increased both for private lenders taking out mortgages and also as part
of property portfolios for investment opportunities. This overconfidence in the housing
market led to a trend towards making it easier to borrow money by lowering lending
standards and also selling higher-risk mortgage products. In these cases, the person
taking out the mortgage was not in a financial position to repay the loan and defaulted,
leaving a debt that was unlikely to be repaid. The results of the crisis were far-reaching.
Banking and financial institutions which had made high-risk investment or loan decisions
came close to collapse. Some needed to be bailed out by governments or central banks.
Some of these financial institutions were believed to be ‘too big to fail’ in that they were
so large and connected that it was considered that the collapse of one might lead to
other corporations or financial organisations falling, with even more disastrous results
for the global financial system.
Finance and
your students
Even if students are not directly involved in working for, or wishing to work in, the financial
sector, an understanding of finance is essential in all areas of life. Global finance means
that phenomena such as boom, recession or depression can have an impact on businesses
in all industries as well as on personal finance.
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Teacher’s notes
Unit lead-in
2 a recession (similar to a ‘credit crunch’): ‘We’re in the
worst economic depression in my lifetime; economic
recession, we’re not supposed to call it a depression yes,
but it feels pretty depressing.’ (Howard Stringer)
3 a crash: ‘… when the stock market suffers a devastating
drop in value … Market crashes don’t always lead to
economic depression … In 1987, the market losses were
the biggest in history, by percentage, but the markets
recovered quite quickly. So there was no economic
depression.’
Draw students’ attention to the photo and elicit what it
shows (golden eggs). Ask: What do you think the golden eggs
symbolise? Why are they in a nest? (Possible answers: wealth
and keeping money/investments safe.) Then ask students
what attitude to money and investment the quote suggests.
(Possible answers: avoiding investments or spending.)
3.1
Recessions and depressions
3
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on
a work-related topic.
• Can follow changes of topic in factual TV news items
and form an idea of the main content.
• Can bring relevant personal experiences into a
conversation to illustrate a point.
• Can collate information from several written sources
and summarise the ideas orally.
Warm-up
On the board, write: a) Look after the pennies and the
pounds will look after themselves. b) Money burns a hole
in my pocket. Ask students what they think each saying
means and elicit different ideas. Discuss briefly with the
class and confirm / help students with the meanings.
(a = Keeping an eye on spending on small things helps
make bigger savings. b = As soon as I have money, I spend
it.) Ask: Which is closer to your attitude to money? Elicit
answers from different students. If time allows, you
could get students to discuss in pairs first, then get brief
feedback from the class.
3.1.1 Ask students to read through the questions.
Check understanding and clarify any vocabulary queries. Play
the video and get students to answer individually and then
compare their answers in pairs. You could play the video a final
time and pause at appropriate points for students to check
their answers.
1 on Black Tuesday, 29th October
2 Markets had been booming / doing very well and shares
had been increasing in value.
3 By the time the stock market / Dow Jones stopped falling,
the value in shares had fallen by a total of 90 percent.
4 No, stock markets fell in Europe and around the world.
No part of the western world was left unaffected.
5 Hong Kong
6 No, they recovered quite quickly.
7 Portugal, Italy, Ireland and Greece are some examples.
8 ‘Real economy’ refers to areas of the economy related to
the production of goods and services, rather than buying
and selling on financial markets.
4 Put students in pairs or small groups and give them 3–4
minutes to discuss the question. Once they have finished, you
could open this up into a class discussion. Elicit ideas from
different students; encourage them to give reasons.
Extra activities 3.1
Lead-in
Students discuss their attitudes to money, saving and
investment.
1 Get students to discuss the questions in pairs. If your
students do not wish to answer any of the more personal
questions, tell them to move on to the next one. Choose one
of the more general questions (such as question 3) and ask
different students to share their partner’s tips with the class.
Video
Students watch a video about stock market crashes and
financial depressions.
2
3.1.1 Check students understand crash, economic
depression and recession, and also severity. Play the video,
then check answers with the class. Ask students if they agree
with the opinions in the video. Have there been examples of a
stock market crash, recession and depression in their country?
Possible answers
1 The worst financial crisis is an economic depression:
‘The Wall Street Crash of 1929 led to at least 10 years of
worldwide economic depression. It was the most severe
financial crisis of modern times.’
3.1.1 Ask students to do this individually. Give
A
them time to read through the statements before playing
the video. Get students to compare answers in pairs before
checking with the class. In weaker classes, students may
need to watch the video twice for this activity: once to
decide whether the statements are true or false and then
a second time to correct the false statements.
1 F (The Wall Street Crash of 1929 led to at least ten
years of worldwide economic depression, not the
Crash of 1987.)
2 T
3 T
4 F (There have been crashes and recessions, but
there has never been a global depression as
severe as that since then.)
5 F (five hundred billion dollars)
6 T
7 T
8 T
9 F (There have been more crashes than economic
depressions.)
10 F (One thing you can be sure of, in your working
lifetime, is that you will experience a crash of one
kind or another.)
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Teacher’s notes
B
3.1.1
Give students a minute to read the text. If
there is time, you could put them in pairs to check if they
can fill in any of the gaps before watching again, and
then watch the video to check/complete their answers.
Play the video from 2:08 to 2:42, then check answers with
the class. If there is time, you could discuss the following
questions with the class: Do you think the banks were right
to stop lending more money? Were people affected by the
credit crunch in your country? Did it have an effect on the
housing market?
1 economic crisis 2 financial markets 3 banks in
the United States 4 buy houses 5 credit ratings
6 unable to pay 7 investors suffered 8 homes
9 stopped 10 global
Vocabulary: Finance and economic crises
Students look at vocabulary related to finance and the
economy.
5 Students could do this activity individually or in pairs. With
stronger classes, ask students to use their dictionaries to check
the meaning of any unknown words. With weaker classes,
go through the words in the box with students before they
complete the sentences. Check answers with the class.
1 investment 2 savings 3 Losses 4 stock market
5 bankruptcy 6 loan 7 credit crunch 8 mortgage
9 recession 10 depression
Project: Research the history of a bank or
financial institution
Students research and present information about a bank or
financial institution.
9A Put students in pairs or small groups and go through the
instructions and questions with them. Students may choose
a foreign bank / financial institution or one from their own
country. You may wish to explain (or elicit) that the financial
crisis of 2007–2008 caused many bank failures, including
some of the world’s largest banks, and provoked much debate
about bank regulation. You could encourage students to
look into what happened to banks such as Lehman Brothers,
Merrill Lynch, Northern Rock, Credit Suisse or Deutsche Bank.
Encourage them to use various sources from the internet,
not just the bank’s/institution’s website, and to highlight key
dates and figures. Give them plenty of time to prepare their
presentation and point out that they can also use graphs and
visuals to present their findings (e.g. to highlight key dates,
facts and figures). You may also wish to write some useful
phrases on the board, for students to refer to, e.g.
• [2017] was a total catastrophe for …
• [1,500] people lost their jobs in the restructuring. That’s
[1,500], including the CEO.
• Despite the job losses and the recession, the top executive
at … received compensation of [$24 million.]
9B Pairs/Groups take turns to present their findings to the
class. Explain that while listening, the rest of the class should
take notes and think of questions to ask at the end of each
presentation. After all the presentations, ask the class to
identify any information that surprised them.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Reading bank
6 You could do this as a whole-class activity, checking answers
as you go. Check students understand the meaning of all three
options each time: the correct answer and the two incorrect
options.
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 3.1 p.138
Workbook: p.14 Exercises 1–3
3.2
1 b 2 c 3 b 4 a 5 c 6 a
7 Give students 1–2 minutes to read through the whole
summary first. Then get them to complete the exercise
individually and check answers in pairs before class feedback.
Before students begin, point out that the correct form of the
word might be a change in verb form (e.g. boom – booming) or
a change in the part of speech (e.g. verb to noun).
1 booming 2 dropped 3 bankruptcies 4 savings
5 losses 6 recovered 7 depression 8 recession
8 This leads into the project in Exercise 9. Put students in pairs
and give them 3–5 minutes to discuss the questions. Then
discuss as a class.
Extra activities 3.1
C This activity practises key vocabulary from the lesson.
Give students time to do the exercise individually and then
compare answers in pairs before checking with the class.
During feedback, clarify meanings as necessary.
1 e 2 h 3 j 4 b 5 a 6 g 7 d 8 f 9 c 10 i
Catching up with rivals
GSE learning objectives
• Can scan a long text or a set of related texts in order to
find specific information.
• Can refer to certainty and probability using certain/
likely/due to with verb phrases.
• Can express various degrees of likelihood and
possibility using complement clauses.
• Can correctly place adverbs of comment and manner in
longer sentences.
• Can describe in detail why they agree or disagree with
a suggested work-related change.
Warm-up
Ask: What sports activities do you do in your free time? If
students don’t take part in sports activities, ask them to
brainstorm sports activities that are popular in their place
of work/study or their town/country. Elicit a few examples,
write them on the board and then get students to say what
equipment they would need and what they would wear
to do that sport or activity. Ask: Where would you buy this
sportswear and equipment? Which sports activity would
be the most expensive to take part in?
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Teacher’s notes
Lead-in
Extra activities 3.2
Students discuss sportswear brands and financial terms.
1 You could start by showing the class some logos from
international sportswear brands and getting them to guess the
company name and what country they have their headquarters
in (e.g. Nike, USA; Adidas, Germany; FILA, South Korea; Umbro,
England). Put students in pairs to discuss the question, then get
brief feedback from the class. Alternatively, you could discuss
the question with the whole class.
Possible answers
A This activity practises key vocabulary from the reading
text. You could ask students to complete the article
individually using a dictionary or go through the words
and phrases in the box with them, to clarify where needed.
Once students have completed the task, check answers
with the class.
1 boost 2 considerably 3 net profit 4 expand
5 sharply 6 profit targets 7 rise 8 regain
Nike, Adidas, Reebok (part of Adidas), Under Armour, Puma,
North Face, Asics
2 Students could do this exercise individually or in pairs, using
their dictionaries if necessary. Check answers with the class.
1 profitability 2 make your mark 3 boost
4 bottom line 5 make up ground
Grammar: Expressing certainty and
probability
Students study and practise phrases for expressing certainty
and probability in the future.
5A Check students understand the differences in meaning
between certain, planned, probable and improbable. You could
then do the exercise as a whole class, checking and explaining
each answer as you go. At this point, you could refer students
to the Grammar reference on page 119 and go through the
explanations and examples with them, clarifying any points as
necessary.
Reading
Students read an article about profit targets.
Notes
Nike and Adidas are international sportswear brands
and rivals, and are famous for their sports shoes /
trainers, e.g. Jordan’s basketball shoes and sports
equipment. They are two of the world’s most valuable
brands in the sports business. Adidas is a German
multinational based in Herzogenaurach, whereas Nike
is American and has its headquarters in Oregon, USA.
Nike takes its name from the Greek goddess of victory.
Nike is famous for its recognisable ‘swoosh’ logo and
slogan ‘Just do it’. Adidas, at the time of writing, is the
largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe and the
second biggest in the world.
1 a certain b improbable c certain d improbable
2 a planned b probable c probable d planned
5B Students could do this individually or in pairs. Remind them
to refer to the Grammar reference on page 119 if they need
help. Check answers with the class.
1a and 1c have the same meaning; they are certain.
1b and 1d have the same meaning; they are less likely,
although both sentences are negative.
2a and 2d have the same meaning; they are planned.
2b and 2c have the same meaning; they are probable/
likely, but not 100 percent certain.
3 Ask students to read the text quickly to get the context
before attempting to put the words in the subheading in the
best order. Point out that more than one version might be
possible and that they should use the information in the article
to help them. Encourage some students to write their versions
on the board and check any variations around the class.
German sportswear company races to catch up with
rival Nike.
(The headline could also be: Rival German sportswear
company races to catch up with Nike or even: Nike races to
catch up with rival German sportswear company, although
that wouldn’t be correct according to the text, where the
main focus is on Adidas.)
4 Explain to students that these are sentences summarising
important information from the article. They could do the
exercise individually or in pairs (the second option may be
easier for weaker classes). Give students 3–5 minutes to
complete the exercise, then check answers with the class.
6 Get students to complete the activity individually and then
compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 are going to 2 certain 3 unlikely that
4 will probably 5 probably won’t
Extra activities 3.2
B This exercise could be done individually or in pairs.
Encourage students to highlight the words that help them
decide whether each action is certain, planned, probable
or improbable. After checking answers with the class, go
over any points that need clarification.
1 e (improbable) 2 a (probable) 3 g (certain)
4 c (improbable) 5 d (probable) 6 b (planned)
7 h (probable) 8 f (planned)
1 15 percent 2 20, 22 percent, three 3 59 percent, €1 bn
4 6 percent 5 €1 bn 6 three, €4 bn
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Teacher’s notes
C This is a consolidation exercise, so it might be better for
students to do it individually. Look at the example with the
class and remind them that they can refer to the Grammar
reference on page 119 if they need help. Get students to
compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 We are likely to sell off some businesses this year
in order to consolidate profitability.
2 They are unlikely to reach their sales target of
€6 bn.
3 It is unlikely that the group will boost sales to
€5 bn this year.
4 Our volume and pricing will probably continue
to fall.
5 Trends show that young adults probably won’t
buy expensive brands of trainers next season.
6 They are due to introduce a brand new style of
trainers next month.
7 Analysts also say the Adidas group is doing
well because of the current retro sneaker trend,
although fashion is an area where things change
fast.
8 It is also likely the higher revenue and earnings
targets will help increase the group’s shares by
more than six percent.
Position of adverbs and adverbial phrases
Students learn about and practise the position of adverbs
and adverbial phrases in sentences.
7 Draw students’ attention to the underlined information
in the article. You could also copy it onto the board and refer
to it when you go through the information in the Grammar
reference with the class. Refer students to the Grammar
reference on page 119. Go through the explanations and
examples with them and answer any questions they may
have. Point out that when writing, they should avoid putting
probably and also at the start of the sentence. Get students
to complete the activity in pairs and then check answers with
the class. In weaker classes, you could copy the rules onto the
board and complete them with the class after looking at the
examples and Grammar reference.
1 after, before 2 after, before
Speaking
Students practise the grammar from the lesson by talking
about future changes in their organisation / place of study.
9A Explain the activity and look at the example sentences
with the class. To give further examples, you could tell
students about (real or imagined) future changes to your own
organisation. Give them 3–5 minutes to write their sentences
while you monitor and help as necessary. Do not discuss
students’ answers yet – they will do this in the next exercise.
Possible answers
For students who are still studying
1 Course sales in the next quarter are looking good and
the university’s revenues will probably go up by
10 percent because of an increase in the number of
foreign students.
2 The marketing department will also improve the user
experience on the university website to attract more
national students.
3 It is likely (that) the IT team will create an app to help
students choose their courses and timetables.
For students in work
1 Projected sales in the next quarter are looking good and
revenues will probably go up by 10 percent.
2 We’ll probably create an app and we’ll also improve the
user experience on our website to boost online sales.
9B Put students in pairs and give them 3–4 minutes to discuss
their sentences. Monitor and note down any errors in the
use of adverbs and adverbial phrases. Highlight these during
feedback.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
Grammar reference: p.119 Expressing certainty and probability;
Position of adverbs and adverbial phrases
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 3.2 p.139
Workbook: p.15 Exercises 1–3, p.16 Exercises 1–3
3.3
Communication skills
Managing bad news
GSE learning objectives
8 You could do this exercise quickly with the whole class or get
students to complete it individually and then compare answers
in pairs before checking with the class.
1 Our online sales will probably rise sharply in the next
quarter.
2 They probably won’t achieve their sales targets by the
end of the month.
3 It is also unlikely that the share price will go up this year.
4 She is also due to make a presentation at the end of the
week.
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on
a work-related topic.
• Can extract the key details from discussions in
meetings conducted in clear, standard speech.
• Can bring relevant personal experiences into
a conversation to illustrate a point.
• Can politely interject while someone else is speaking
during a work-related meeting.
• Can react appropriately to good and bad news using
fixed expressions.
• Can adjust their tone of voice to express empathy when
delivering bad news to a colleague or client.
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Teacher’s notes
Warm-up
Write on the board: I lost my wallet. I’ve just missed my
plane to Sydney. Sales were really bad last month. I didn’t
get the job I wanted. Ask students how they would react
if a friend told them these things. Get them to suggest
responses. If time allows, ask them to suggest some more
bad news scenarios and possible responses.
groups and ask them to discuss the two options, giving reasons
for their answers. Elicit ideas from a few students and then, as
a class, decide which video to watch first.
3.3.2
3.3.3 Give students a minute to read the
3B
questions for Option A or Option B, depending on their choice,
and play the video. If time allows, put students in the same
groups as Exercise 3A and get them to compare answers before
checking with the class. Do the same for the second video.
Option A
Lead-in
1 He recommends moving production to China.
2 No – ‘only a little over budget. It’s not a bad result’. She
explains the costs away as start-up problems that have
now been overcome.
3 She mentions that ‘they are on schedule, at least.’
4 Claudio agrees to continue production in Bangladesh
provided that Katie gets things back on track by the end
of the month, as she has promised.
Students discuss positive and negative ways of looking at
situations.
1A Draw students’ attention to the photo of the glass and
ask what they see. Elicit responses from different students and
pre-teach see the glass as half full and see the glass as half
empty. Put students in pairs and give them time to discuss
the question. Elicit opinions around the class, accepting any
appropriate answers. Use this as an opportunity to teach
optimist, pessimist and realist.
Option B
1 Yes – ‘It isn’t good enough. We won’t reach our targets
unless we change something.’
2 Because they may miss an opportunity to set up a new
production centre not only for Bangladesh but also for
the wider region.
3 sending a couple of technical people to Bangladesh
4 Claudio agrees to organise sending a couple of technical
people to Bangladesh for support in order to keep
production running.
Possible answers
People who see the glass as half full are optimists who
focus on the positive aspects of a situation.
People who see the glass as half empty are pessimists
(some would say realists) who focus on the negative
aspects and risks of a situation.
1B Let students discuss this in their pairs first, then elicit
answers from different students around the class.
Video
Students watch a video about different approaches to
managing and responding to bad news.
2
4 Put students in pairs and give them 3–4 minutes to discuss
the questions. Encourage them to think about Katie’s different
approaches and how each one affected the outcome of the
meeting. Once students have discussed in their pairs, open this
up into a whole-class discussion.
1 See key for Exercise 5 below.
2 Possible answer: Optimists bring passion, joy and hope –
which can be motivating; pessimists bring a sense of
reality and need to analyse.
3.3.1
If your students watched the Unit 2 video, ask
them to give you a short summary of the situation and the
main characters’ roles. If this is the first communication
skills video for your class, briefly set up the context and/or
refer students to page 6 of the Coursebook. Go through the
questions with the class and check they understand poor
budget numbers (bad financial results). Play the video, then
check answers with the class.
1 Costs are 20 percent over forecast and there are
technical problems.
2 She says it sounds worse than it is and that they’ve dealt
with worse. She is optimistic and indicates that she has
successfully dealt with things like this before.
3 He will see them as a major problem.
4 Go Global might take more control of the project and
insist on production in China.
5 Respect Claudio’s concerns. Tone down her positivity
and plan ahead so that she has alternative plans which
address Claudio’s probable concerns.
3A Explain to students that Katie has two options when she
meets Claudio and go through the details of Options A and B
with the class. Make it clear that students can choose which
option they want to see first on the video. Put students in small
5
3.3.4 Students should do this in the same pairs as
Exercise 4. Explain that they are going to watch the last section
of the video, where the speaker is commenting on the different
approaches they looked at in Options A and B. Play the video
and give students 3–4 minutes to discuss and make notes, then
discuss the question with the whole class.
In Option A, Katie was herself and focused on the positives.
This can be motivational but, in this case, it seemed to
Claudio that the issues weren’t being acknowledged. In the
end, Katie guaranteed to deliver in four weeks and Claudio
became calmer as his priority is the results. However, Katie
now has to deliver on her promise.
In Option B, Katie was more careful. By acknowledging
the fact that costs are too high, she gives Claudio the
impression that she is practical and this makes him more
open to her suggestions. The result of this approach is that
they find a way to agree on managing the risks effectively,
and together decide to send experts to the local area to
monitor the situation.
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Teacher’s notes
Reflection
Pronunciation bank
p.115: The letter ‘t’
Students reflect on the conclusions from the video and discuss
their own reactions to and ways of managing bad news.
6 Allow students to work individually on this so that they can
Warm-up
reflect on their own preferences and ideas. Ask them to think
of their own answers to the questions and to make notes. Then
put them in pairs to discuss and compare their answers. Get
brief feedback from the class.
Refer students to the box and go through the
explanation with them. Write the following
examples on the board, underlining the letter
‘t’ in excellent and must: That’s an excellent
idea! I must go. Model the pronunciation of
the examples and ask students if they noticed
anything about the two underlined ‘t’ sounds.
Elicit or explain that in the first example, we hear
the /t/ sound in excellent. In the second example,
the ‘t’ in must is dropped, so we hear /məsɡəʊ/.
Tell students that these are two of the ways in
which the letter ‘t’ can be pronounced in English.
Encourage them to repeat the phrases, using the
correct pronunciation.
Functional language: Responding
to bad news
Students look at techniques and useful phrases for
responding to bad news.
7A Explain that the categories on the left (a–g) are different
techniques for managing bad news, and that the sentences
from the video (1–8) highlight useful phrases for responding
to bad news. Give students time to read through the sentences
and categories and ask them to complete the exercise
individually or, in weaker classes, in pairs. During feedback,
check students understand the meaning of the phrases in bold
and encourage them to record the phrases in their notebooks.
1
P3.01 Play the recording, pausing after each
item for students to mark their answer. Check answers
with the class and if time allows, put students in pairs
to practise saying the phrases while you monitor.
1 f 2 c 3 a 4 e 5 c 6 g 7 b 8 d
1 a 2 a 3 b
7B Ask students to complete the exercise individually and then
compare answers in pairs before checking with the class. Check
they have matched the sentence halves correctly before they
match the complete sentences to the categories in Exercise 7A.
2A
P3.02 Play the recording for students to
complete the sentences, then check answers with the
class.
(The correct categories from Exercise 7A are given in
brackets.)
1 d (a – highlight positives)
2 h (c – emphasise negatives)
3 b (d – show confidence)
4 a (e – express doubt)
5 g (f – support current strategy)
6 f (c – emphasise negatives)
7 c (b – minimise negatives)
8 e (g – propose changes)
1 best 2 better 3 hit 4 next 5 net 6 forty
2B
P3.02 Play the recording again for students
to decide whether the /t/ sound is pronounced.
Let students compare their answers in pairs before
confirming. You may wish to play the recording again
for students to listen and repeat, or put students in
pairs to practise saying the sentences. If you choose
the second option, monitor and check/correct
students’ pronunciation as necessary.
Extra activities 3.3
A This activity practises the functional language from
the lesson. Go through the instructions and the phrases in
the box with students, clarifying where needed. As this is
a consolidation exercise, you may wish to ask students to
work individually.
1 a we’re still doing better
b This is extremely worrying
2 a we’ll catch up
b I think the schedule is totally unrealistic
3 a We need to give things a little more time
b I don’t understand why we’re getting this reaction
4 a I’m very happy with the progress we’ve made
b If we don’t change something immediately
5 a I think we should continue
b I think we need to find a new approach
Task
Students roleplay a situation where they communicate,
manage and respond to news.
8A Students will need to do a certain amount of preparation
before they begin the task, so bear this in mind when you are
planning this stage. Put students in A and B pairs and give them
time to read their role cards. Answer any questions they may have
and make sure they are clear about the scenario and their roles.
8B Give students plenty of time to prepare for their
discussions. Refer them to Exercises 7A and 7B and encourage
them to identify any phrases that will be of use.
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Teacher’s notes
8C Set a time limit and let students begin their discussions.
When they have finished, they should evaluate how they
handled the situation. During the activity, monitor and note
down any points you think need to be highlighted during class
feedback. After the activity, highlight any points from your
notes and have a whole-class discussion about what advice
students would now give to someone delivering the news in
scenarios A and B.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
video activities
Pronunciation bank: p.115 The letter ‘t’
discuss the question, then encourage a whole-class discussion.
Listening
Students listen to and think about the different stages of
a phone call.
3.01 Explain to students that they are going to listen to
2
the first part of a call. Play the recording, twice if necessary, and
check answers with the class.
1 He wants help to prepare for a test next week and to
better understand the concept of the overall strategy.
2 some of the specific figures in a financial forecast
3 She offers to send printouts of a list of words and
expressions used in finance.
Workbook: p.17 Exercise 1
3.4
1B Students work in the same pairs. Give them 3–5 minutes to
Business skills
Telephoning to clarify
GSE learning objectives
• Can understand the details of a complex telephone
order for goods or services.
• Can clarify information and check understanding on
the phone.
3.02 The meaning of some of the words in the list will
3A
be looked at in Exercise 3B (margin, average, gross and net).
However, you may wish to pre-teach them here before students
listen. Check any other words from the list which are new to
students and play the recording. To check answers, you could
play the recording a second time, asking students to raise their
hand each time one of the topics is heard.
1, 4, 5, 7, 8
Warm-up
Ask the following questions around the class, eliciting brief
answers from different students: How many phone calls
do you make a day? How many texts or messages do you
send? If you’re communicating complex information, are
you more likely to call someone or message/text them?
When was the last time you made a phone call in English?
Did you have any difficulties? What did you do?
Lead-in
Students talk about overcoming difficulties when making
a phone call in another language.
1A Put students in pairs. Go through the instructions and
questions with them and answer any vocabulary questions
they may have. Point out that there are no right or wrong
answers here – students’ responses will vary depending on
cultural context or personal preference. Give pairs time to
discuss their answers, then get brief feedback from the class.
3B Go through the definitions with the class. Check they
understand them and ask students to complete the exercise
individually or in pairs, using dictionaries if necessary. Check
answers with the class.
1 gross 2 quarter 3 column 4 margin 5 average
6 row 7 net
3.03 Explain that students are going to hear the last
3C
part of the call. You could ask them to guess what they think
Pat will say, and then listen to check their ideas.
b
Pronunciation bank
p.115: Strong and weak forms of that
Possible answers
Warm-up
1 There isn’t a specifically correct answer here as answers
will vary depending on cultural context or personal
preference. Either way, it’s good practice to clarify things
you don’t understand regardless of when you do it.
2 Option a is probably the better one as people may not
interrupt if they feel it impolite or inappropriate to do so.
3 Both options could be both suitable and unsuitable. It
depends on the reason why the other person doesn’t
understand, which the speaker can clarify before
choosing option a or b accordingly.
Write the example sentence from the box on
the board, underlining the two instances of
that: Is that the one that you wanted? Read
the sentence out loud with two strong forms
of that (/ðæt/). Get students to repeat and ask
them if they are having any problems using two
strong forms. Refer them to the explanation in
the box, then model the correct pronunciation,
using a weak form for the second instance of
that (/ðət/). Clarify as necessary and invite a few
students to repeat the sentence.
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Teacher’s notes
1 Put students in pairs for this exercise. Encourage
Task
them to say the sentences aloud before they decide.
Do not confirm answers yet as students will check
them in the next exercise.
Students roleplay a telephone call where they clarify
information in financial documents.
2
to roleplay two phone calls. Go through the instructions with
them and make sure they are clear about what they have
to do. Refer students to pages 127 and 129 and give them
time to read their role cards and prepare. Also refer them to
the functional language in Exercises 4A and 4B. Go round
monitoring and helping as necessary.
P3.03 Play the recording for students to check
their answers. Go through the answers with the class
and, if time allows, put them in pairs to practise saying
the sentences.
1 strong 2 weak 3 strong 4 strong 5 weak
Functional language: Asking for
clarification and paraphrasing
Students look at useful phrases for asking for clarification
and paraphrasing information.
4A Go through the words in the box and the categories in the
table with the class, and explain the function of these phrases:
asking for clarification. Ask students to complete the exercise
individually and then to compare answers in pairs. You could
check answers with the class or play the recording again for
students to listen and check.
1 clarify 2 understanding 3 follow 4 unsure 5 right
6 go over 7 correctly 8 refer
4B Make sure students understand the meaning of
paraphrasing. Remind them that EBIT stands for ‘earnings
before interest and tax’. Ask them to do the exercise
individually, then check answers with the class. As an optional
extension, you could put students in pairs and ask them to think
of a time when they had a problem with a transaction in a bank
or a shop. Ask them to describe the situation to their partner,
who will then paraphrase the information, using the phrases in
this exercise.
5A Put students in A/B pairs and explain that they are going
5B–C Students could roleplay the calls by sitting back to back.
During each call, monitor and check that they are using the
functional language correctly, and make notes for any points
to highlight during feedback. Pause the activity after the first
call and refer students to Exercise 5C. Get them to write the
email individually and point out that they should not show it to
their partner. While students are writing, monitor and help as
necessary. Students then continue with the second call and the
second email. Have a feedback session highlighting any points
from your notes, and ask students what they found easy or
difficult about the calls.
6 In the same pairs, students read and compare their
emails. Ask them to correct any misunderstandings or wrong
information. Have a brief feedback session with the class. If
there is time for discussion, you could ask students: Do you
think it’s useful to follow up phone calls with an email? Why? /
Why not?
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Functional
language bank
Pronunciation bank: p.115 Strong and weak forms of that
Workbook: p.17 Exercise 2
3.5
Writing
Annual report summary
GSE learning objectives
1 b 2 e 3 a 4 d 5 c
Extra activities 3.4
A This activity practises functional language from the
lesson. Explain to students that sentences 1–8 are requests
for clarification and a–h are the responses. Ask them to
do the exercise individually, then check answers with the
class.
• Can infer the meaning of words from context in workrelated documents on familiar topics.
• Can write a short analysis of a business trend in their
own professional field.
• Can support a main idea with examples and reasons.
• Can identify which article (including no article) to use
with a range of nouns and noun phrases.
Warm-up
1 d 2 h 3 g 4 a 5 f 6 b 7 c 8 e
B Put students in pairs to practise the exchanges in
Exercise A. With stronger classes, you could then ask
students to cover responses a–h and take turns to respond
using their own words.
Dictate or write the following questions on the board:
Have you ever read a company annual report? Why do
you think companies have annual reports? What kind of
information do you think you would find in an annual
report? Put students in pairs or small groups to discuss the
questions, then get brief feedback from the class.
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Teacher’s notes
Task
Notes
An annual report gives a summary of a company’s/
organisation’s activities and financial performance in
the preceding year. It might be read by shareholders,
stakeholders and other people with an interest in the
company or organisation.
Lead-in
Students read an extract from an executive summary of an
annual report.
1 Get students to complete the extract individually and
compare answers in pairs, then check answers with the class.
You could then get students to read the extract a second
time and ask them a few check questions: What went well for
the company in the last year? (finished more strongly than
expected in fourth quarter, repaid $1 million debt, raised
annual dividend by 2 percent, new product line doing well).
What didn’t go so well? (sales revenues fell by 5 percent in
second quarter). What two factors made it a challenging year?
(slow-down in global economy, strength of the dollar). What
factor had a positive effect on their financial results? (lower
operating costs in Asia and Australia).
1 of 2 economy 3 margins 4 more 5 steady 6 was
7 in 8 repaid 9 despite 10 lines
Students improve a summary of an annual report and then
write their own.
3A Put students in pairs and refer them to the summary on
page 128. Explain the activity and give them 3–5 minutes to
discuss the questions. Remind them to refer to the functional
language in Exercise 2. When the time is up, elicit and discuss
ideas as a class.
The general problem is that the executive summary is too
informal.
Model answer
Last year was a year of mixed results caused by the
strength of the dollar. However, lower operating costs
meant that the year finished more strongly than expected.
Although sales revenues fell by 7 percent in the first
quarter, we saw a steady recovery in the next two quarters
and achieved an overall improvement in sales of 1 percent
on the previous year. We entered the Indian market last
year and the forecast for the coming year looks promising.
All this gives us cause to be optimistic.
3B Refer students to page 127 and give them a minute to
read the notes and ask you any questions they may have. Then
set a time limit for the writing task and ask students to work
individually. During the activity, monitor and help as necessary.
If time is short, students could do this for homework.
Model answer
Functional language
Students think about the organisation of an annual report
summary and look at some useful phrases.
2 Students can find examples of some of the phrases in the
summary in Exercise 1, so you may wish to ask them to read the
summary again before completing the table. Depending on the
level of your class, this exercise can be done individually or in
pairs. During feedback, ensure students understand the phrases.
1 mixed 2 making 3 caused 4 result 5 recovery
6 raise 7 fell 8 down 9 cause 10 coming
Extra activities 3.5
A Go through the words in the box with students and
elicit/clarify meanings as necessary. Before they begin,
check they understand that not all the words in the box
will be used. Get students to complete the sentences
individually, then check answers with the class.
1 make 2 saw 3 posted 4 fell 5 looking
6 achieve 7 looks 8 raise 9 gives 10 caused
Executive summary
2018 was a year of challenges due to an economic
downturn in some of our markets. However, this was offset
by our entry into more buoyant markets, which meant we
achieved better results overall than expected.
We finished the year posting group sales of £48 billion
compared to £40 billion in 2017. In addition, cash flow
from operations also saw an increase and was up on the
previous year, at £4.5 billion. As a result of this success, we
were very pleased to be able to raise our annual dividend
to £1.34, the third consecutive year it has increased.
The total number of stores worldwide has reached 2,000
since we acquired five more stores in Russia, ten new
stores in India and four in Japan, the latter two being new
markets for us. Furthermore, we successfully launched a
new brand aimed at the high-end European market and
this appears to be selling very well, which gives us cause to
be very optimistic about the future.
Our plans now include a major restructuring of the
organisation in order to reduce operating costs and a plan
to buy back £1 billion worth of our shares over the next
three years.
3C If students write their summaries for homework, you could
Optional grammar work
The annual report summary in Exercise 1 contains
examples of articles (a/an, the and no article), so you could
use it for some optional grammar work. Refer students to
the Grammar reference on page 120 and use the exercises
in MyEnglishLab for extra grammar practice.
do this exercise in the next lesson. Students return to their
pairs, exchange summaries and give each other feedback.
You could list on the board the items students need to check
are included in their partner’s summary (information from
the notes, key phrases from Exercise 2, extra information). It
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Teacher’s notes
is important to remind students to also note what they think
their partner did well in the summary.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
grammar practice; Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.120 Articles: a/an, the, no article
Workbook: p.18 Exercises 1–4
Business workshop
3
Investment opportunities
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract the key details from discussions in
meetings conducted in clear, standard speech.
• Can distinguish between relevant and irrelevant
content in extended informal speech.
• Can explain information in detail in graphs and charts.
• Can evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of
different options during a discussion.
• Can justify the reasons for a particular decision or
course of action.
• Can write a simple summary of the decisions made in
a meeting.
Background
Students read about Augoose Investments, a venture capital
company.
1 Put students in pairs and give them time to read the
background and discuss the questions. Check answers with the
class, then refer them to the cartoon and ask them where they
think the humour lies (see Notes below). Remind them of the
photo and your discussion in the unit lead-in.
1 a venture capital company
2 the money of limited partners / wealthy individuals
3 start-ups and high-growth companies considered to be
quite risky (but which could yield excellent returns)
4 They expect to triple their investment over time.
Notes
The company name, Augoose, is a play on words. The
company is based in Australia, and the chemical symbol
for gold is Au, hence the cartoon about the goose which
lays golden eggs (a story from Aesop’s Fables).
Morning meeting
Students listen to a conversation between managers about
investing.
BW 3.01 Put students in pairs. Explain that they are
2
going to hear a meeting between the three general managers,
Alex, Hannah and Jo. Give them a minute to read the questions,
then play the recording, twice if necessary. Check answers with
the class.
1 an information sheet (for a lecture they will give)
2 two student placements
3 all the bad press (stories about asset-stripping and not
caring about the future of employees)
4 experience, advice and contacts
5 Google
6 which companies are going to succeed
BW 3.02 Tell students that they are going to hear the
3
next part of the meeting and draw their attention to the notes
and headings. Explain that this is a list of factors to consider
before making an investment and give them time to read
through the notes before listening. Play the recording, twice
if necessary, and get students to compare answers in pairs
before class feedback. As a follow-up, you could get students
to discuss the following question, in pairs or small groups: How
could you find out the information you need before making
a new investment? When students have discussed in their
pairs/groups, get brief class feedback.
1 business plan 2 track record 3 recruit
4 competitive edge 5 cost-effective 6 big enough
7 detailed 8 legal 9 exit 10 funding
Extra activities Business workshop 3
A This activity practises key vocabulary from the
recordings. Depending on the strength of your class, it can
be done individually or in pairs. If students need help, you
could refer them to the audioscripts on pages 150 –151,
so they can see the words in context before they decide.
Check answers with the class, clarifying meanings as
necessary.
1 a 2 c 3 a 4 b 5 c 6 b 7 a 8 c 9 b 10 c
External factors to consider
Students talk about external factors which may affect
a company’s performance.
4A Put students in small groups. Explain the activity, go
through the factors in the box with students and draw their
attention to the example. Set a time limit for the discussion and
stop students when the time is up. Do not discuss their ideas
yet as they will do this in the next exercise.
Possible answers
economic: changes in global economy, rise and fall of
living standards, fluctuations of supply and demand,
interest rate changes, wage rates, rate of inflation, etc.
social: changes in social structures – behaviour, tastes,
lifestyle patterns, fashions, age, gender, cultural, etc.
legal: changes in government laws and regulations,
especially consumer protection, environmental, health
and safety, employment, etc.
political: change of government, government policies,
big impact on business regulation, consumer spending
power, etc.
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Teacher’s notes
technological: adapting to new technologies and
innovations, helps in cost reductions and developing new
products and services, helps gain competitive advantage,
reduce manufacturing costs, easier direct communication
between stakeholders, etc.
environmental: weather damage (earthquakes, floods,
etc.), changes in laws regarding environment, company
environmental policies, etc.
4B Put students in new groups. They should share ideas and
note what was different and what was similar. You could then
open up the discussion to the whole class and ask if any of
these factors have affected business in their country.
Gathering information from graphs
Students analyse and discuss information in graphs.
5A Put students in groups of three. Nominate three students
to briefly describe what each of the three graphs on this page
shows, then refer students to the graphs on pages 131, 132
and 134. Explain the activity and set a time limit for each
description. During the activity, monitor and help as necessary.
5B Students could do this in their groups or you may wish
to do it as a whole-class activity, eliciting ideas from different
students and listing them on the board. Discuss students’ ideas
but note that exactly what they will produce will depend on
whether they have specific financial knowledge or not.
Possible answers
financial reports, balance sheet, assets and liabilities, cost
of goods sold, gross profit, expenses, cash flow trends, cash
balance at end of year, EBITDA (earnings before interest,
tax, depreciation and amortisation – this is a measure of
a company’s operating performance), earnings and
revenue growth, debt load, operating expenses
Extra activities Business workshop 3
B
Ext BW 3.01
Refer students to the chart and
ask: What type of chart is this? (a pie chart) What is the
subject? (export markets) Ask students to listen and
complete the chart, and play the recording. Check answers
with the class.
1 60 2 North America 3 25 4 Europe 5 10
6 Australia 7 5
C
Ext BW 3.02 Ask students to work individually
and give them time to read through the sentences
before playing the recording. Play the recording, twice if
necessary, and get students to compare answers in pairs
before checking with the class.
Investment opportunities
Students analyse information about a company in order to
decide whether it is worth investing in.
6A Divide the class into three groups, A, B and C. Refer each
group to their company information (pages 131, 132 and 135)
and give them time to read it. Go round and help students with
any unknown words or any other questions they may have, and
check that groups have matched the information to the correct
graph from Exercise 5A. Then set a time limit and let students
begin their discussions. Monitor and help as necessary.
Group A, Belezflor: Graph ‘Company 2’
Group B, Seklok: Graph ‘Company 1’
Group C, EVFill: Graph ‘Company 3’
6B Groups may wish to nominate a person to make the list.
Again, set a time limit before students begin and, during the
activity, monitor and help as necessary.
6C Give groups 5–8 minutes to plan their presentations while
you go round helping as necessary.
Task: Investment meeting
Students hold a meeting in which they present information
about a company and then write a report on why it was
chosen for investment.
7A Put the class in groups comprised of students who worked
in different groups in Exercise 6. Explain the scenario (Augoose
employees holding a meeting to present information about
their company) and go through the instructions with the class.
Point out that the students listening should take notes and
think of questions to ask at the end of each presentation.
7B In their groups, students now decide which of the three
companies presented would be worth investing in. Go through
the steps with them and set a time limit for the discussion. Also
allow a little additional time for students to make a note of
their decisions and reasons.
7C Open up the discussion to the whole class. Invite students
from different groups to share their decisions with the class.
Encourage them to give reasons for their choices and to try
to persuade other students to agree. Explain that students
should try to reach a consensus as a class, but if they are not
convinced, they do not have to agree – they can stick with their
original choice from their group discussions. If any students do
change their mind, ask them to say why.
7D Students could write the report in class or for homework.
Make sure they understand that the report should refer to
decisions from their meeting (Exercises 7A and 7B) rather than
the whole-class discussion in Exercise 7C. Point out the word
limit and, if students do the writing task in class, monitor and
help them as they are writing.
1 5.6, 6% 2 1.52, supply, transport 3 target
4 8.75 5 10.8 6 12 7 returned 8 16.6
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Teacher’s notes
Model answer
This report summarises our recent meeting and explains
the reasons why we chose the company we did to invest in.
Although all three companies appeared to be good
investments at first, after having studied each one in more
detail we chose Belezflor.
The current market indicates that the company’s
prediction of 20 percent growth over the next two years
is extremely realistic. Chemical-free, organic products
are very popular and the market worldwide is expanding
fast. Although this kind of market can be dependent upon
fashion, it was thought that because the product was in
the middle price range, it would be less affected by fashion
than many cheaper brands.
One of our main reasons for choosing this company
was what the customers said about it on social media
networks. Many talk about the danger of using other
brands which include chemicals and recommend this
particular brand to people concerned about their health.
This has generated huge amounts of sales at no cost to
the company. In addition, the company’s ‘how-to’ videos
online are also a good way of advertising.
Review
3
1 1 losses 2 going 3 savings 4 mortgage 5 bail
6 booming 7 depression 8 stock 9 recovering
10 credit 11 lend 12 loans
2 1 is likely to be taken 2 is due to open 3 is likely (that)
we will have 4 are certain to be promoted
5 is unlikely (that) we will be
3 1 We also hope to … 2 We will probably recruit …
3 The are also likely to … 4 Costs probably won’t …
5 Prices are probably going to …
4 1 with 2 what 3 for 4 fair 5 turn 6 Overall
7 approach 8 time
5 1 f 2 e 3 d 4 a 5 c 6 b
6 1 mixed 2 caused 3 result 4 recovery 5 posted
6 on 7 gives 8 optimistic 9 forecast 10 promising
In conclusion, we feel that this company has the ability to
grow very fast and therefore provide an excellent return
on our investment.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
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4
Digital business
Unit overview
CLASSWORK
4.1
Lead-in Students discuss how disruptive technology has affected our lives.
Video Students watch a video about Sentiance, a start-up which has
developed a platform to help companies improve their digital
marketing.
Digital
disruptors
Vocabulary Students look at words related to digital business and technology.
Project Students ‘invent’ and present a ‘digital disruptor’.
FURTHER WORK
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Reading bank
Pronunciation bank: p.115
Stress in word building
Teacher’s book: Resource
bank Photocopiable 4.1 p.140
Workbook: p.19 Exercises 1–3
4.2
Lead-in Students discuss communication and make collocations related to
technology.
Talking
technology
Listening Students listen to a demonstration of a new app and device.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities
Grammar Students study and practise the zero, first and second conditionals
and linkers.
Grammar reference: p.120
Zero, first and second
conditionals; Linkers
Speaking Students give a presentation of an app or device and then write the
and writing instructions for it.
Teacher’s book: Resource
bank Photocopiable 4.2 p.141
Workbook: p.20 Exercises 1–3,
p.21 Exercises 1–3
4.3
Communication
skills: Handling
difficult
communicators
Lead-in Students identify challenging communication styles.
Video Students watch a video demonstrating communication styles and
how they are handled.
Reflection Students reflect on the conclusions from the video and think about
their own way of dealing with challenging communicators.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Interactive video activities
Workbook: p.22 Exercise 1
Functional Students look at useful language for keeping meetings on track.
language
Task Students practise the functional language from the lesson by
roleplaying and then discussing different situations.
4.4
Business skills:
Negotiating
strategies
Lead-in Students discuss different attitudes and approaches to negotiation.
Listening Students listen to two versions of a negotiation and discuss different
negotiation strategies.
Functional Students look at useful phrases for reaching agreement in
language a negotiation.
Task Students roleplay a negotiation.
4.5
Writing:
Short business
proposal
Lead-in Students read and correct errors in a business proposal.
Functional Students look at useful phrases for business proposals.
language
Task Students write a business proposal.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Functional language bank
Pronunciation bank: p.115
Stress in phrases
Workbook: p.22 Exercise 2
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Interactive grammar practice;
Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.121
Noun phrases to replace verb
phrases
Workbook: p.23 Exercises 1–3
Business
workshop 4
Rise of the robots
Reading Students read about using robots in the workplace.
Listening Students listen to voicemail complaints about incidents related to
robots at an exhibition.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities
Writing Students write a report analysing feedback and making
recommendations.
Task Students analyse feedback statistics.
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Teacher’s notes
Business brief
The main aim of this unit is to introduce students to the concept of digital business.
Since the creation of the internet, businesses have increasingly relied on the accessibility,
speed and ease of communication that the digital world can provide. Every industry, from
farming to computer software, accesses the digital world to improve its working practices.
If an organisation fails to anticipate the impact of technical innovations taking place
within its industry, it is likely to lose opportunities to competitors.
To promote their business, organisations now need to have exposure on a digital
marketing platform or create their own. Smaller businesses can join a platform which
allows consumers to access their product and leave reviews and feedback which could
then influence potential new customers.
In the digital age, organisations need to have a business strategy which recognises
that every aspect of their operation is now affected by technology. Factors which need
to be considered include how customers consume products, such as on phones and
other devices, how products are ordered and delivered using digital technology and
how a company manages its reputation when social media allows clients to express
dissatisfaction to a potential audience of thousands or millions almost instantaneously.
The modern business landscape can experience rapid changes due to digital disruptors.
This describes a fundamental transformation in a market, process or behaviour. Examples
of this type of disruption can be seen in the way that the tax-hailing app Uber became
a global phenomenon and, in travel, the impact Airbnb had on the hotel industry when
potential guests used the internet to connect with private home owners renting rooms
by the night. Such transformations are not always painless, however. Taxi drivers in many
countries protested vigorously against Uber’s incursion into their industry and Airbnb
has many customers who point out that quality control cannot always be stringent when
delivered on a collective platform rather than as a contract with a company. The term
‘digital disruption’ may sound negative but, at heart, it describes companies which are
leading the way, identifying gaps in the market and utilising the potential of technology
to do today what companies will be influenced by tomorrow.
Digital disruption can also result in questions raised about data and how it is gathered
and stored. Building their database to store information can eat up an organisation’s
energy, time and budget. The cloud refers to storing data in a collective database,
rather than using gigabytes of memory on computers, laptops and mobile devices.
However, there are concerns as to whether cloud providers can be trusted to keep data
safe. The data storage facilities are often stored in remote locations and concerns have
been voiced as to whether data security could be compromised or lost as the result of a
natural disaster or terrorist attack.
At the other end of the spectrum is the relationship of the individual to the companies
which are data mining in order to gather as much information as possible about
consumer habits and routines in order to target marketing more effectively. The
information may be gathered via an outside company who gather the information
in a variety of ways – for instance, through apps offering promotions. This has raised
questions about privacy: what information is willingly shared with big businesses? What
is taken without explicit consent?
Digital business and
your students
Understanding key terms and concepts related to digital business is essential in the
modern business world. Most successful businesses have had to adapt to changes related
to digital business and technology and an understanding of the importance of this is
increasingly expected of employees, whether they work in technical or non-technical roles.
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Teacher’s notes
Unit lead-in
Ask students to look at the unit title and photo. Elicit a brief
description of the photo and ask students how it may be
related to the unit title (e.g. business and technology are now
closely connected). Look at the quote with the class and give
them 2–3 minutes to discuss it in pairs or small groups. Elicit
ideas from a few students, then ask them what the difference in
meaning is between a digital strategy and a strategy in a digital
world. Accept any reasonable responses (e.g. Digital strategy
suggests that technology is just one part of a business, whereas
a business strategy for the digital age suggests that every
aspect of business is affected by technology.).
4.1
(e.g. travel, where people can book holidays and tickets
online; taxis, which can be ordered online and where it is
possible to track when your taxi is near; fast-food restaurants,
where customers can place their order using technology
rather than face-to-face).
1 disruptive 2 innovation 3 disrupts
Examples of disruptive technology – possible answers
communication: computers replacing typewriters; email
replacing ordinary post; social media, Skype, WhatsApp
entertainment: video games replacing more traditional
children’s games and TV programmes; the DVD replacing
video tape and going to the cinema; mobile phones
replacing fixed phones; the internet and smartphones
replacing CDs for music listening; digital TV and radio;
podcasts replacing radio/CDs; online news sites replacing
newspapers; the internet and sites such as Netflix
replacing cinema and DVDs
Digital disruptors
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on
a work-related topic.
• Can understand the speaker’s point of view on most
topics delivered at natural speed and in standard
language.
• Can justify and sustain views clearly by providing
relevant explanations and arguments.
• Can present a summary of a straightforward business
proposal.
education: electronic textbooks replacing physical books;
online courses replacing face-to-face tuition
retail: e-commerce retailing disrupting ‘bricks and mortar’
stores
Video
Students watch a video about Sentiance, a start-up which
has developed a platform to help companies improve their
digital marketing.
2A
Warm-up
Write music and films / TV series on the board. Ask the
class to say what they listen to music and watch films /
TV series on. Answers will probably include streaming
music on their phone or an electronic device and watching
films/series online. Ask: What changes have taken place
in the music and TV industries in the last 20 years? How
is digital technology connected to these changes? Accept
any suitable answers (e.g. technology has changed how
music and films/programmes are produced, how they
are consumed (on phones and other devices) and when
people choose to listen or watch (people can watch films
and programmes online, watch a whole series in one go,
listen to music anywhere); there are many companies that
offer free streaming services). Ask: What companies would
have been affected as technology changed? (examples
include video rental, music stores, companies that made
CD players, cinemas, TV channels).
Lead-in
Students discuss how disruptive technology has affected
our lives.
4.1.1 Tell students that they are going to watch
a video about a start-up and give them time to read the
summaries. Play the video and check answers with the class.
Ask students what information in the video helped them
choose their answer and why the other two options are
incorrect. After checking answers, you could refer students
to the company’s website (https://www.sentiance.com/) for
a more detailed description of what the company does.
Summary a is correct.
Summary b is partly correct, as Sentiance help their clients
to target any type of product or service (not only digital
ones) at consumers, at any time of day, not only in the
morning.
Summary c is incorrect.
2B Write semantic time on the board. Ask students to tell you
anything they remember from the video about this. Then give
them a minute to put the words in the correct order and check
answers with the class, writing the sentence on the board. Ask:
Do you have a fixed morning routine? What parts of it vary at
different times?
1 Go through the instructions and words in the box with
the class. Do the gap-fill quickly as a whole class and check
students understand disrupt, disruptive, innovation and
displace. Put students in pairs and give them 2–3 minutes
to think of examples of disruptive technology. If they need
help, you can prompt them by writing communication,
entertainment, education and retail on the board, and
encouraging them to think about how disruptive technology
has affected these areas. Get feedback from the class. Ask: Are
there any other business areas affected by technology?
A morning routine is different for everybody at different
times.
3
4.1.1 Give students time to read the statements, then
play the video. They should complete the exercise individually
and compare answers in pairs before class feedback. With
weaker classes, you may need to play the video a third time, for
students to correct the false statements.
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Teacher’s notes
1 T
2 T
3 F (Analyst Ian Maude says disruptive marketing is
a completely new field but it’s very competitive.)
4 T
5 F (Toon Vanparys says it’s all about personalisation,
anticipation and prediction.)
4 Put students in pairs, give them 2–3 minutes to discuss the
questions and then open the discussion to the class. Encourage
students to give reasons for their opinions.
Extra activities 4.1
4.1.1 This activity provides students with extra
A
listening practice and looks at some useful vocabulary
from the video. Students can do it individually or in pairs.
Give them time to read through the sentences and play
the video again. Check answers with the class, clarifying
meanings as necessary.
1 bike, on a train
2 mobile experience
3 target, commuting to work
4 at this moment, promotion
5 customer engagement
6 by the fact, carry them around
7 conversion and with transactions
8 take-up, hugely interesting
Word building – verbs, nouns and
adjectives
Students look at more words related to digital business and
technology.
6 You may want to do the first item as an example with the
class. Then get students to complete the table, individually or
in pairs, and check answers with the class. During feedback,
check students understand the meaning of the words.
1 analyse 2 anticipation 3 conversion 4 disruption
5 disruptive 6 innovate 7 innovation 8 irritate
9 irritation 10 personalisation 11 personalised
12 predict 13 prediction 14 visualisation 15 visual
7 Do the first item as an example with the class. Point out
that different parts of speech are needed in each sentence,
and advise students to read the sentences through first for
meaning. You could get students to compare answers in pairs
before checking with the class.
1 innovative 2 personalised 3 analysis 4 Predictive
5 irritation 6 disruptors 7 conversion 8 visualisation
8 Put students in pairs and give them 2 minutes to discuss
B
4.1.1 With stronger classes, you could ask students
to read the text and try to complete the missing words,
then play the video for them to check/complete their
answers. Otherwise, get students to complete the activity
individually and then compare answers in pairs before
checking with the class.
1 increase 2 Disruptive 3 problem 4 angle
5 dream 6 go for
question 1. Get brief feedback from the class. Before they
discuss question 2, write on the board: digital nomad, digital
immigrant and digital native. First, check they understand the
literal meaning of nomad (a member of a group that travels
from place to place instead of living in one place all the time),
immigrant (someone who enters another country to live there
permanently) and native (a person who was born in a particular
place). Invite students to suggest what they think each term
on the board could mean. They can then check the meanings
online or you could give them the definitions (see Notes below).
In their pairs, students then discuss the question for 2–3
minutes. Invite different students to share their answers with
the class, giving reasons for their answers.
Notes
digital native: someone who is very good at using
digital equipment such as computers and mobile
phones because they have used them since they were
young
Vocabulary: Digital business and
technology
Students look at technical terms used in digital business.
5 You could go through the words in the box with students
before they begin or ask them to use their dictionaries to look
up any unknown words. The first option might be better for
weaker classes. Get students to compare answers in pairs
before checking with the class. For question 1, you may wish to
point out that both in the cloud and on the cloud are possible.
1 cloud 2 dump 3 mining 4 Conversion 5 tool
6 Platform
digital immigrant (the opposite of digital native):
someone who is not very good at using digital
equipment such as computers and mobile phones
because they have only recently started using them
digital nomad: someone who uses digital technology
to perform their work duties from different places
Extra activities 4.1
C This activity practises key vocabulary from the lesson. It
can be done individually or in pairs, depending on the level
of your class.
1 c 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 b 6 c 7 c 8 d
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D Briefly go through the words in the box with the class.
Students should be familiar with the words from the
lesson, so elicit as many of the meanings as possible rather
than explaining them yourself. Give students time to read
the sentences and ask them to complete the exercise
individually. Check answers with the class.
1 anticipate 2 innovators 3 visualise
4 predictions 5 conversion 6 Disruptive, disruptive
Pronunciation bank
p.115: Stress in word building
Warm-up
Write inform and information on the board. Say
the two words and ask students whether the
main stress is on the same syllable in the verb
and noun (no, it moves: inform, information).
Write the following pairs of words on the board,
model their pronunciation and ask the same
question: explain, explanation (stress moves:
explain, explanation); convert, conversion (stress
stays the same: convert, conversion). Refer
students to the explanation in the box and clarify
as necessary. Point out the circles indicating the
stressed syllables in the examples and, if time
allows, invite a student to draw similar circles for
the examples on the board.
1 Put students in pairs to complete the exercise.
Encourage them to say the words aloud to check their
pronunciation and stress. Remind them that at this
stage they are only noting whether the stress moves
or remains the same. Do not confirm answers yet as
students will check them in the next exercise.
P4.01 Play the recording for students to check
2
their answers.
Project: Disruptive technology
Students ‘invent’ and present a ‘digital disruptor’.
9A Put students in pairs or small groups. Start by asking the class:
What apps do you use? Do any make your life easier? Why? / Why
not? Elicit ideas around the class. Go through the instructions and
bullet points with students. Encourage them to be creative and
allow time for them to brainstorm before deciding on the best
app idea. Explain that they should think of an app that is suitable
for their customer profile, i.e. for people of their age group and
with their lifestyle. They could also include a customer profile
description. If students need help, you could offer some of the
following ideas to which they could add their own:
• a travel app that gives you the ‘best’ route stopping off at
your favourite shops and places.
• an app that helps you prioritise things to do on a given day
or in a week and reminds you of deadlines (e.g. assignments,
reports etc. to hand in).
• a shopping/bargain app that keeps a record of what you last
bought, when you bought it and how much you paid and gives
you the pest price deals available in your area this week.
9B Pairs/Groups now present their ideas to the class. Before
doing so, you could ask them to decide who will present
specific information as appropriate (e.g. one student could
describe the customer profile; another could describe the app;
another could explain how it fits with people’s daily routine;
a fourth student could outline how it might disrupt other
businesses). If helpful for your class, you could write these
prompts on the board:
• Our mobile app is designed to …
• It’s targeted at 20-somethings / digital immigrants.
• The app collects data about …
• The user simply enters their …
• The app then suggests … and offers you a promotion to try.
After all pairs/groups have presented their ideas, you could ask
the class to vote for the best app.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Reading bank
Pronunciation bank: p.115 Stress in word building
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 4.1 p.140
Workbook: p.19 Exercises 1–3
4.2
(S = stays the same, M = moves)
analyse ➔ analysis M
disrupt ➔ disruption S
innovate ➔ innovation M
irritate ➔ irritating S
predict ➔ predictable S
Talking technology
GSE learning objectives
3 In their pairs, students draw the stress pattern for
each pair of words. Check answers with the class. You
could write the words on the board and invite different
students to come up and draw the stress patterns.
analyse (Ooo) ➔ analysis (oOoo)
disrupt (oO) ➔ disruption (oOo)
innovate (Ooo) ➔ innovation (ooOo)
irritate (Ooo) ➔ irritating (Oooo)
predict (oO) ➔ predictable (oOoo)
• Can understand specialised vocabulary used in
presentations or discussions within their field.
• Can use a range of complex conjunctions in conditional
statements (all three types).
• Can describe possible future outcomes of a present
action or situation using the first conditional.
• Can describe hypothetical (counterfactual) results of a
current action or situation using the second conditional.
• Can clearly and concisely describe a product or a service
within their field.
• Can write instructions on how to use a device or product.
Warm-up
4 Pairs now practise saying the words. Monitor and
check/correct their pronunciation as necessary.
Ask: What do you use to check a word or phrase in another
language? What do you use when you’re travelling? Why?
Get students to list some of the translation tools they use (e.g.
Google Translate, smartphone apps). Ask: Are they always
reliable? Have you ever had any problems using them?
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Lead-in
Students discuss communication and make collocations
related to technology.
1 Put students in pairs and ask them to discuss the question.
Check ideas with the class. You could point out that non-verbal
gestures can have a neutral meaning in one culture and a
negative meaning in another (examples include the ‘thumbs
up’ gesture, which is considered impolite in Bangladesh and
parts of the Middle East; the ‘OK’ gesture, which is considered
impolite in Brazil; nodding your head, which can mean ‘yes’ in
many countries but ‘no’ in Bulgaria, while in Japan it does not
necessarily mean ‘yes’ but ‘I hear you’).
2 Draw students’ attention to the example. Make sure they
understand that the example dial has moved in an anticlockwise direction once. Elicit the collocation (business
partner). Say: We have moved the dial one place, so what is the
next collocation with ‘human’? (human resources). Elicit the
remaining two collocations (stock market, mobile phone). You
may wish to point out to students that turning the example dial
in an anti-clockwise direction three times is also possible. Put
students in the same pairs as Exercise 1 and give them 2 minutes
to find and write the collocations in each dial. They can turn
the dials in either direction to form the correct collocations (see
answer key below). Check answers with the class and point out
that headsets in the last dial is written as one word.
Dial 1 (left)
Turn the dial three segments in a clockwise direction or
one segment in an anti-clockwise direction.
wireless earphones, real time, simultaneous translation,
voice recognition
Dial 2 (right)
Turn the dial two segments in a clockwise direction or two
segments in an anti-clockwise direction.
neat features, headsets, sensor technology, artificial
intelligence
Listening
Students listen to a demonstration of a new app and device.
3 Do this exercise as a whole class. Elicit ideas from students
and write them on the board. Then encourage students to build
on the wording using some of the collocations from Exercise 2.
Leave suggestions on the board for students to check when they
listen to the demonstration in Exercise 4.
Possible answer
The Multi-Babel app is an app that does simultaneous
translations using voice recognition technology. It works
in real time using wireless earphones. If you use the
Multi-Babel app, you don’t need to speak the language of
the other person or hire an interpreter.
4
4.01 Explain that students will now listen to the
demonstration in order to check their ideas from Exercise 3 and
also answer the questions here. Give them a minute to read the
questions and point out the languages in the box for question 2.
Play the recording, twice if necessary, then check answers with
the class.
1 The Multi-Babel app translates conversations in
real time. It simultaneously translates using voice
recognition so that you can have conversations with
people whose language you don’t speak.
2 Now it can translate English, Spanish, Portuguese,
Italian, French and Cantonese Chinese (six languages).
3 The presenter says, ‘When you’ve tried it, you won’t be
able to live without it!’ and that ‘you’ll want to get one
for all your family and friends’.
4 The reaction of the volunteer is very positive. She says,
‘How marvellous!’ (in Spanish) and says that she wants
three of them.
4.02 Ask: If you had a digital personal assistant, what
5
would you like it to be able to do? Elicit ideas from different
students and ask them to explain how the suggestions would
help them. Tell the class that they are going to hear another
product presentation. Give them a moment to look through
the fact sheet and play the recording, twice if necessary. To
check answers, you could play the recording again, pausing
after each answer is heard to elicit it. As a follow-up, you could
ask students whether they would use the Multi-Babel app or a
digital personal assistant and also have a brief class discussion
about the advantages and disadvantages of using this kind of
technology.
1 upgraded camera 2 high-definition 3 remote control
4 priority 5 improved battery life 6 Chris 7 search on
the internet 8 (important) meetings and birthdays
Extra activities 4.2
Ext 4.01 This activity can be done individually,
A
with students comparing answers in pairs before class
feedback. Give students 3–4 minutes to match the
sentence halves, then put them in pairs to compare their
answers. Play the recording for them to check. If time
allows, you could also ask them to take turns to read the
demonstrations aloud to their partner.
1 e 2 h 3 f 4 c 5 j 6 g 7 i 8 a 9 b 10 d
B Explain the activity and refer students to the example.
Ask them to complete the exercise individually, then check
answers with the class, clarifying meaning as necessary. If
time is short, you could also do this as a quick whole-class
activity, checking answers and clarifying meaning as you go.
1 virtual reality content 2 digital personal assistant
3 latest artificial intelligence 4 interconnected
home devices 5 highly sensitive sensors
Grammar: Zero, first and second
conditionals; Linkers
Students study and practise the zero, first and second
conditionals and linkers.
4.03 Explain to students that these are sentences from
6
the product presentations in Exercises 4 and 5 and let them try to
complete the sentences, individually or in pairs. Play the recording
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Teacher’s notes
for them to check their answers, then explain the form and use
of each conditional sentence. Refer students to the Grammar
reference on page 120. Go over the sections on zero, first and
second conditionals (but not linkers) with them and answer
any questions they may have. Ensure students understand the
difference between if and unless. Do an additional example on
the board if necessary.
1 is, want 2 use, will be able 3 didn’t have, wouldn’t see
7A Explain to students that you are now going to look at
different words/phrases they can use instead of if in conditional
sentences. Refer them to the section on linkers in the Grammar
reference on page 120. Go over it with them and answer any
questions they may have. Then ask students to complete the
exercise individually and check answers with the class
Speaking and writing
Students give a presentation of an app or device and then
write the instructions for it.
Notes
Exercise 9 can be done in three or four stages – 9D is an
optional writing task. You could write the stages on the
board before students begin, explain the process and
then go through the specifics of each stage as students
complete it:
• plan product
• product demonstration
• questions and answers session (Q&A)
• instructions for product.
9A Put students in pairs and explain the activity. If your
1 c 2 a 3 b 4 d
7B Do this exercise quickly, as a whole class.
1 providing that 2 unless 3 on condition that
4 as long as
8 Depending on the strength of your class, ask students to do
this exercise individually or in pairs. Check answers with the
class and clarify any errors as necessary.
1 Unless a company develops its digital business, it loses
its competitive edge.
2 Our digital consumers might enjoy more personalised
services if we managed technologies more effectively.
But we don’t.
3 We will never be an innovative organisation if we don’t
change the way we work and digitalise everything.
4 This device adapts to the user’s preferences as long as it
receives data from a smartphone.
5 Provided that their product demonstrations were
successful, digital personal assistants would sell
worldwide.
6 If I were you, I’d develop voice recognition technology
further to reduce our dependence on touchscreens.
7 Smartphones will soon be replaced by robots on
condition that artificial intelligence improves.
8 We will become one of the world’s most revolutionary
companies as long as we don’t stop innovating.
Extra activities 4.2
students have done Lesson 4.1, ask them to think of devices
or personal assistants / robots for this task rather than apps.
Encourage them to think of their own ideas, not necessarily
those suggested on the page, and to draw simple diagrams or
flow charts to help explain how their product works. Point out
that they do not have to write the complete demonstration,
but should take notes. They should try to use the zero, first
and second conditionals and different linkers (if, unless, on
condition (that), provided / providing (that), as long as). Monitor
to make sure students share and delegate tasks, so they take it
in turns to present, or divide the demonstration into two parts.
9B Join pairs together into groups of four. If they have not
done so already, allow them time to draw any diagrams / flow
charts before they begin their demonstration. Pairs then take it
in turns to present their product to the other pair.
9C When students have finished their demonstrations, they
ask and answer each other’s questions. Draw attention to the
example. They might use conditional sentences at this stage, but
it is not necessary. Students will probably have problems forming
questions using conditional forms, but do not over-correct at
this stage – give feedback later. However, it is important they are
able to check understanding and point out any drawbacks or
disadvantages with the product. As an optional follow-up, you
could choose one or two of the stronger or more creative pairs to
present their product to the class.
9D This is an optional task. Students write up the instructions
for their product (see the model answer below). Tell them that
they can refer to the audioscripts on pages 145 and 146 from
this lesson to help them. If your class has access to an intranet
or a Moodle course, it would be best to send these to a forum
so that students can compare each other’s ideas.
Model answer
C Students can do this activity individually, as a
consolidation exercise. Remind them that they can look
at the Grammar reference on page 120 if they need help.
You could get them to compare answers in pairs before
checking with the class.
1 a 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 b 6 a 7 c 8 a 9 b 10 c
11 b 12 b
Write better and faster with Ghost Tablet!
This tablet is like any other tablet, but with one major
difference: it can write for you using voice recognition
technology. Firstly, if you dictate a short email, the tablet
will simply write it for you. You then click on ‘Edit’, make any
changes, then click ‘Send’.
The second option is for longer reports or assignments.
You choose the text type, the language and the number of
words, e.g. ‘essay in English’, ‘250 words’ and write the title.
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Teacher’s notes
Our software then looks for similar writing in its database
and suggests a suitable format. Next, you type in some key
phrases and dictate your ideas. The laptop then writes your
essay! The essay will be grammatically correct provided that
you have dictated the information correctly. And, unless you
are writing a novel, it’ll save you a lot of time. When it has
finished, you just click on ‘Edit’ and check it.
If your essay is similar to that of another person using the
same tablet, you will get an alert. It’ll make suggestions for
further changes to personalise your text.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
Grammar reference: p.120 Zero, first and second conditionals;
Linkers
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 4.2 p.141
Workbook: p.20 Exercises 1–3, p.21 Exercises 1–3
4.3
Communication skills
Handling difficult communicators
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on
a work-related topic.
• Can understand the speaker’s point of view on most
topics delivered at natural speed and in standard
language.
• Can justify and sustain views clearly by providing
relevant explanations and arguments.
• Can manage discussion on familiar topics confirming
comprehension, inviting others in, etc.
• Can respond to interruptions in a meeting using fixed
expressions.
Warm-up
Dictate or write the following questions on the board: Who
do you know that is good at communicating with people?
Why do you think this is? What do they do that makes them
good at it? Put students in pairs or small groups and give
them 3–4 minutes to discuss the questions. Then elicit ideas
from different students. Ask: What do some people do that
makes communication difficult? Elicit ideas around the class.
of their behaviour become problematic for the efficiency of
the meeting, then we can either try to give personal feedback
outside the meeting or use techniques in the meeting to keep
the discussion focused. You could write the possible answers on
the board and add any other strategies students mention.
Possible answers
Behaviour
Dominator:
Technique to control
Interrupt and insist that others have the
opportunity to give their views.
Non-responder:
Invite individuals explicitly by name to
contribute.
Contradictor:
Remind people to stay open and
positive towards ideas longer.
Joker:
Ask people to stay focused on the
business discussion.
Analyser:
Remind people not to go into too much
detail because of the time constraints
of the meeting – a decision is needed.
Technology user: Propose a rule that mobile phones are
switched off at the beginning of the
meeting.
Video
Students watch a video demonstrating communication styles
and how they are handled.
2A
4.3.1 If your students watched the Unit 3 video, ask
them to give you a short summary of the situation and the main
characters’ roles. If this is the first communication skills video
for your class, briefly set up the context and/or refer students to
page 6 of the Coursebook. Give students a minute to read the
questions, play the video and check answers with the class.
1 He is an independent marketing expert who Go Global
sometimes work with.
2 to discuss recent marketing campaigns
3 new thoughts on how to improve branding and the
location of advertising
4 Paweł can’t work with him because he says that Gary
always thinks he knows best.
2B You could do this with the whole class or get students to
discuss in pairs first. Encourage them to give reasons for their
answers.
Possible answer
Lead-in
Students identify challenging communication styles.
1A Put students in pairs. Look through the illustrations and
communication styles. You could start by asking students to
cover the explanations and trying to guess the communication
style from the illustration. Then, before students discuss in their
pairs, go through the explanations with them and check they
understand non-responder and contradictor. Give students
2–3 minutes to discuss in their pairs, then open the discussion
to the whole class.
1B Do this activity with the whole class. Point out that it
is important not to label others as difficult communicators
too quickly. We need to be open and accept others, and be
flexible enough to work with their style. However, if aspects
Giving advance information on challenging communicators
to colleagues can help them to prepare. However, it can
prejudice a colleague’s view on the individual and it is
subjective so may be an inaccurate and unfair description.
In some organisations, criticising individuals to a colleague
may be seen as against company ethics.
3A Explain to students that Sanjit has two options for the best
approach to use in the meeting and go through the details of
Options A and B with the class. Make it clear that students can
choose which option they want to see first on the video. Put
students in small groups and ask them to discuss the two options,
giving reasons for their answers. Elicit ideas from a few students
and then, as a class, decide which video to watch first.
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Teacher’s notes
4.3.2
4.3.3 Give students a minute to read the
3B
questions for Option A or Option B, depending on their choice,
and play the video. If time allows, put students in the same
groups as Exercise 3A and get them to compare answers before
checking with the class. Do the same for the second video.
Option A
1 Gary says Sanjit should rethink the branding.
2 detailed analysis of potential EN-Tek customers
3 the product logo
4 the marketing budget
5 Possible answers: Sanjit didn’t get to discuss the items on
his agenda. He got to hear new and relevant ideas on other
matters, e.g. the logo and detailed analysis of potential
customers. Several team members are demotivated/
frustrated by Gary’s communication style.
Option B
1 the advertising concept
2 the marketing budget
3 ‘Let her finish please. Her views are important.’
4 ideas on promotion, especially using local sporting events
5 Possible answers: Sanjit managed to keep Gary focused to
support Sanjit in the way he wanted, with Gary responding
positively to Sanjit’s leadership style. However, he didn’t
get to hear Gary’s ideas.
4 Put students in pairs to discuss the question, giving
reasons for their opinions. Encourage them to talk about the
advantages and disadvantages of each approach. After
2–3 minutes, elicit ideas around the class.
Functional language: Keeping a meeting
on track
Students look at useful language for keeping meetings on
track.
7A This exercise can be done individually or in pairs. Before
students begin, go through the headings in the table with them
and check they understand dominant, postponing and pushing
for. Check answers with the class and encourage students to
record the phrases in their notebooks.
1 b 2 f 3 d 4 a 5 e 6 c
7B Put students in pairs or small groups and ask them to
suggest more strategies and phrases to keep a meeting on
track. Keep the discussion brief and then open it up to the
whole class. You could list students’ ideas on the board for
them to refer to when they do Exercise 8D.
Extra activities 4.3
A This activity practises the functional language from
the lesson. It would be useful for students to do this
individually, to check whether any additional work
is required on the phrases. You could get students to
compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 go over 2 deal with 3 come to 4 slow down
5 go on 6 come back to
5
4.3.4 Students should do this in the same pairs as
Exercise 4. Explain that they are going to watch the last section
of the video, where the speaker talks about the advantages
and disadvantages of each approach. Play the video and give
students 3–4 minutes to discuss and make notes, then discuss
the question with the whole class.
In Option A, the ‘accept and adapt’ approach gives Gary
the opportunity to express his concerns, to challenge the
team and offer creative solutions. However, Gary ends up
dominating the others and makes them frustrated. The
advantage is that his ideas, which could help to innovate,
are heard.
In Option B, Sanjit intervenes and insists on a structured
approach. He stops Gary interrupting and controls the
meeting. This approach is collaborative – he acknowledges
Gary’s ideas – the discussion is more focused and the
meeting isn’t so one-sided. Everyone is able to contribute.
However, Gary’s ideas do not get heard.
Reflection
Students reflect on the conclusions from the video and
think about their own way of dealing with challenging
communicators.
6 Allow students to work individually on this so that they can
reflect on their own preferences and ideas. Ask them to think
of their own answers to the questions and to make notes. Then
put them in pairs to discuss and compare their answers. Get
brief feedback from the class.
Task
Students practise the functional language from the lesson
by roleplaying and then discussing different situations.
8A Put students in groups of three. Explain the activity and
give them 3–4 minutes to decide on their company profile and
customer base.
8B Go through the agenda with the class and explain that this
is what they will discuss in their meeting. Point out that they
should work individually for this stage. Give students
3–4 minutes to make their notes.
8C Assign A, B and C roles for each group (or let students
decide). Refer students to their role cards and, again, point out
that they should be working individually for this stage.
8D Groups now hold their meetings. Set a time limit and
remind them of the phrases in Exercise 7A and their ideas in
Exercise 7B. During the meetings, monitor and note down
any points to highlight during feedback. After their meetings,
groups should discuss the strategies the chair used to keep the
meeting on track. Did the strategies work? Is there anything the
chair should do differently next time? Have a feedback session
with the class. Ask groups to share some information about
their restaurant, what was decided in the meeting, and the
language and strategies the chair used to keep the meeting on
track. Finally, highlight any points you noted while monitoring.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
video activities
Workbook: p.22 Exercise 1
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Teacher’s notes
4.4
4.04
4.05 Go through the list with students
3A
and check they understand adapt. Point out that some of the
statements may be true for both versions (A and B). In stronger
classes, you could ask students to complete the information
they remember from the first listening, then play the recording
again for them to check/complete their answers.
Business skills
Negotiating strategies
GSE learning objectives
• Can understand a course of action suggested during
a negotiation.
• Can encourage decision-making in meetings using fixed
expressions.
• Can suggest solutions to problems and explain why
they would work.
1 A and B 2 A 3 B 4 A and B 5 A 6 A 7 B
3B Put students in pairs and give them 2–3 minutes to discuss
the question. Open up the discussion to the whole class and
encourage students to give reasons for their answers.
3C Do this as a quick whole-class activity. Give students 1–2
Warm-up
minutes to read the definitions, then elicit the correct answers.
Put students in pairs or small groups and ask: What
attitudes are useful going into a negotiation? Is ‘winning’
the most important thing? Give students a few minutes to
discuss in their pairs/groups, then get brief feedback from
the class.
positional – version A
principled – version B
Pronunciation bank
p.115: Stress in phrases
Lead-in
Students discuss different attitudes and approaches to
negotiation.
1 Go through the questions with students and check they
understand position, in advance and accordingly. Give them
a minute to think about their answers individually first, then
put them in pairs to discuss the questions. During feedback,
elicit ideas from different students for each question. Ask
pairs if they were in agreement and highlight areas where
opinion differed. Point out that there are different strategies
to use in negotiations and that one is not necessarily better
than another, depending on context. Note that there are no
explicitly correct or incorrect answers here. While some of the
options may be deemed as ‘best practice’, they may also be
culturally bound. What is a norm or a good idea in one place
might be a terrible strategy in another.
Listening
Students listen to two versions of a negotiation and discuss
different negotiation strategies.
4.04
4.05 Tell students that they are going to hear
2
two versions of a negotiation. Go through the questions with
the class and check they understand policy and priority. Play
the recordings, twice if necessary, and get students to compare
answers in pairs before checking with the class.
Version A
1 the new policy of not being able to access work emails
after 8 p.m.
2 everyone / all employees
3 people working electronically after they leave the office
and into the night
Warm-up
Refer students to the explanation in the box
and go through it with them. Explain that there
are a number of phrases in English that often
have a characteristic stress pattern. Model the
pronunciation of the example in the box and drill
it around the class.
P4.02 Ask students to work individually. Play
1
the recording, then check answers with the class. With
more confident classes, you could ask students to try
and mark the stress patterns before they listen, then
play the recording for them to check.
1 That sounds reasonable.
2 What are your priorities?
3 You have to understand …
4 I can agree to that.
5 For some of us it’s necessary.
6 Let me make sure.
7 Let’s look at the facts.
8 I think I can make that happen.
P4.02 Play the recording again for students to
2
listen and repeat. Repeat as many times as necessary
until students get the stress patterns right.
3 Put students in pairs and get them to take turns
to say the sentences. Monitor and correct their
pronunciation as necessary.
Version B
1 because he has many clients in other continents
2 that the team has a good work–life balance
3 to have dinner with his kids and put them to bed every day
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Teacher’s notes
Functional language: Reaching
agreement in a negotiation
Task
Students look at useful phrases for reaching agreement in
a negotiation.
5A Put students in pairs and explain that they are going to
Students roleplay a negotiation.
4A Explain the activity and check that students understand
the headings in the table. Give them a minute to read sentences
a–g and the sentences in the table, then ask them to complete
the exercise individually. Check answers with the class and
encourage students to record the phrases in their notebooks.
prepare for a negotiation. Read the scenarios and instructions
with them and make sure they are clear about what they have
to do. Pairs choose a scenario together and then assign roles.
Give them time to prepare their negotiating position and refer
them back to the techniques in Exercise 3C and the useful
phrases in Exercises 4A and 4B.
5B Students now roleplay their negotiations. Set a time limit
Establish the situation: e, g
Explore the other’s values and needs: c, f
Offer suggestions: a
Reach agreement: b, d
4B If time is short, you could do this as a whole-class activity,
checking answers as you go. Alternatively, get students to
complete it individually and compare answers in pairs before
checking with the class. During feedback, check students
understand perspective and mutually.
1 How about if we think of some other options before
making a decision?
2 Let’s try and look at this from another perspective.
3 Is there another way to approach this situation?
4 How might we find a solution that works for us all?
5 How can we identify a mutually satisfactory outcome?
6 What aren’t we thinking of?
and remind students to make notes. Alternatively, you may
prefer to ask students to make notes after they have finished
their negotiations. If time is running out, alert students that
they have two minutes to reach an agreement. Give pairs
2–3 minutes to give each other feedback. During the activity,
monitor and note down any points to highlight during
feedback, but do not interrupt the negotiations.
5C Tell students that they will now have the opportunity to
roleplay the negotiation again, taking in the feedback from
their first partner. Form new pairs, making sure students are
working with a partner who roleplayed the same scenario the
first time. If you have a small class, students could swap roles.
Again, set a time limit for the negotiations.
5D In their new pairs, students give each other feedback and
discuss what went well and what could be improved. If your
class is comfortable doing so, they can share their ideas with
another pair.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Functional
language bank
Extra activities 4.4
A Go through the instructions with students and check
they understand hinder. Let students think about their
answers individually first, then put them in pairs to
compare their answers before class feedback.
Possible answers
Pronunciation bank: p.115 Stress in phrases
Workbook: p.22 Exercise 2
4.5
Writing
Short business proposal
Help: 1, 3, 4, 6
Hinder: 2, 5
GSE learning objectives
B Go through the instructions with students and check
they understand open and collaborative. You could ask
them to complete the exercise individually and then
put them in pairs to compare and discuss their answers.
Alternatively, if time is short, you could do the exercise
with the whole class, checking answers as you go. Note
that the best answer will depend on the context and
situation in each case. Nevertheless, the chosen options
in the answer key below are more open and collaborative,
and can lead to win–win outcomes. The other option in
each case may lead to a quicker resolution, but is generally
less collaborative in nature, more negative and closes
down the discussion on that specific point. It may also risk
damaging the relationship in question.
Possible answers
1 a
2 b
3 b
4 a 5 a
6 b
• Can check and correct spelling, punctuation and
grammar mistakes in long written texts.
• Can clearly signal problem and solution relationships in
structured text.
• Can write a simple business proposal with supporting
details.
Warm-up
Ask: Have you ever read or written a business proposal?
What was it about? Why was it written? Elicit answers
around the class, then ask: Are proposals internal or
external communication? (they can be both) What type
of information might a proposal include? (outline of the
idea/problem, factual information such as costs, schedules,
stages). Again, elicit answers from different students
around the class.
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Teacher’s notes
Lead-in
Optional grammar work
Students read and correct errors in a business proposal.
1 Ask students to read the proposal quickly. Check they
understand dispensing system, drawers, barcode and conveyor
belt. Ask: Where would you find this dispensing system? (in
pharmacies) What does it dispense? (medication) What benefits
would it bring? (waiting times would be reduced, there would
be no errors). Get students to complete the exercise individually
and compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
The proposal in Exercise 1 contains examples of noun
phrases to replace verb phrases, so you could use it for
some optional grammar work. Refer students to the
Grammar reference on page 121 and use the exercises in
MyEnglishLab for extra grammar practice.
Task
Students write a business proposal.
this issues – these
medication are stored – is
have been order – ordered
items used – using
While – If
dramatic – dramatically
as long than – as
indicate – indicates
additional – addition
3A Put students in pairs. Refer them to page 127 and ask them
to complete the exercise. Check answers with the class and
answer any vocabulary questions students may have.
1 e 2 g 3 d 4 h 5 b 6 c 7 f 8 a
3B Explain the task and check students understand traffic
Functional language
Students look at useful phrases for business proposals.
2A Students could complete the table individually or in pairs.
Check answers with the class and go through the phrases in the
table with them. Check they understand the phrases.
1 propose 2 complaints 3 solution 4 recover
5 recommend
2B This exercise can be done as a whole class or you may
prefer students to work individually and compare answers in
pairs before class feedback.
Introduction or purpose statement
This proposal evaluates the use of …
The proposal aims to assess
Brief summary of problem
Deliveries have failed to arrive on time.
Solution to problem
The new technology would enable us to …
In order to solve this problem we need to …
The most efficient option would be …
Plan, costs and schedule
It is expected that the initial costs would be …
The equipment could be installed immediately.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we feel that …
To sum up, it is recommended that …
congestion. Refer them to page 128 and give them time to read
the notes. Tell them that they can use the proposals in Exercises
1 and 3A to help them, and that they should include phrases
from Exercises 2A and 2B in their proposal. If time is short,
students can write their proposals for homework.
Model answer
This proposal evaluates the possibility of investing in
driverless battery-powered vehicles to transport people
around the city. Our long-term strategy is to ban gaspowered vehicles completely from the centre within three
years to reduce congestion and pollution and to encourage
more people to use public transport.
Driverless buses would be an excellent solution. They are
reasonably priced, cheaper to run than traditional forms
of public transport and much cleaner for the environment,
so there would be far less pollution. People who drive into
the city usually leave their cars parked 95 percent of the
time, so using these vehicles would free up car parks for
other uses. In addition, the city would not have to build
new infrastructure as these vehicles can travel safely on
existing roads and bridges.
Although initial investment is high, these battery-powered
vehicles are cheaper to run than other forms of transport.
As travel costs would be lower for customers, this could
persuade more people to use public transport. We could
run a trial by the end of the year in part of the city. In
conclusion, I therefore recommend the city invests in
driverless vehicles and runs a trial route before the end of
the year.
3C If students write their proposals for homework, you could
Extra activities 4.5
A This activity looks at useful language for proposals. Ask
students to do it individually and get them to compare
answers in pairs before class feedback. With weaker
classes, you could let students refer to the table on page
46 if they need help.
do this exercise in the next lesson. Put students in pairs and
ask them to read each other’s proposal and give their partner
feedback. Students could then rewrite their proposals, taking in
their partner’s feedback.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
grammar practice; Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.121 Noun phrases to replace verb phrases
Workbook: p.23 Exercises 1–3
1 evaluates 2 solution 3 expected 4 recommend
5 enable 6 In order to 7 option 8 conclusion
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Teacher’s notes
Business workshop
3 Depending on the size of your class, students can work in
4
Rise of the robots
GSE learning objectives
• Can scan a long text or a set of related texts in order to
find specific information.
• Can identify the main conclusions in a text that presents
and contrasts arguments in a clearly signalled way.
• Can give the advantages and disadvantages of various
options on a topical issue.
• Can understand in detail work-related phone messages.
• Can describe future plans and intentions in detail, giving
degrees of probability.
• Can write a brief standard report conveying factual
information, stating reasons for actions.
Background
Students read about an event organised by Stak Tek,
a technology management specialist that helps other
companies deal with digital change in the workplace.
1 Draw students’ attention to the photo. Ask them to describe
what they can see and what type of event they think this could
be. Go through the questions with them, put them in pairs
and give them time to read the background and answer the
questions. Check answers with the class.
1 a technology management specialist that helps other
companies deal with digital change in the workplace
2 companies struggling to adapt to digital transformation
and disruption
3 ideas with companies that have already made the
transformation
4 how digital technologies can improve efficiency and
effectiveness
5 companies will be left behind if they don’t embrace
digital advancements and changes
Working with robots
Students read about using robots in the workplace.
2A Ask students to read the article and think about their own
answer to the question. If there is time, you could put them in
pairs to discuss their ideas before opening up the discussion
to the class. Alternatively, if time is short, briefly discuss the
question as a whole class.
2B If students worked in pairs in Exercise 2A, keep them in the
same pairs, give them 3–4 minutes to discuss the questions,
then get brief feedback from the class. Otherwise, discuss the
questions as a whole class.
2C Put students in small groups and give them 2–3 minutes to
brainstorm ideas. Get feedback from the class, listing students’
ideas on the board.
the same groups as Exercise 2C or in new groups. Go through
the instructions and list of points to discuss with the class.
Allow plenty of time for students to read the descriptions and
discuss in their groups. During the discussions, monitor and
help students as necessary. As feedback, ask different groups to
present their ideas to the class.
Possible answers
Bob
advantages: quick, efficient, cheap
potential problems: software/programming failure could
lead to incorrect orders, inappropriate small talk – what
about taking money from customers? Drinks will have to
be free.
use: could run coffee and drinks bar without the need to
employ anyone
Mayumi
pros: multilingual, does most registration and admin work,
answers the phone like a real person, may be more efficient
than a real person, no need to employ translators
potential problems: dealing with unusual problems,
using the wrong language to respond, giving out incorrect
information
use: could work on registration/reception desk, saves
number of staff needed
Oskar
pros: good for transporting people around location in most
efficient way, carries and picks up luggage, helps people
find their way around
potential problems: crashing into people/stands, not
understanding passengers
use: could have two or three of these to run people around
the venue
Agnes
pros: reduces costs and number of staff required, efficient,
quick, clean
potential problems: incorrect orders taken, if one robot
has a technical problem it may disrupt the others, may not
produce the correct bills or take the correct payment
use: could run the main café/restaurant at the venue
Arturo
pros: presents most up-to-date information on AI and
robotics, very human-like, responds to questions, showcases
how humanoid robots can be, can repeat same (but
updated) presentation many times
potential problems: only presents one topic, audience
may not understand everything if it’s too technical, people
might read facial expressions differently. Can he respond to
audience reactions?
use: ideal for presentation slot, could have same (but
updated) presentation several times
Brutus
pros: scans bags and people for dangerous/unsuitable
items, can patrol the venue, keeps an eye on what’s going
on around him
potential problems: What if he detects something
which isn’t dangerous but sets off the alarm? – could be
embarrassing, could bump into people as he’s patrolling
use: could cover security at the venue
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Teacher’s notes
Extra activities Business workshop 4
A This activity provides students with extra reading
practice. Ask them to work individually first, then get them
to compare and discuss their answers in pairs before class
feedback. After checking answers, you could discuss the
following questions in open class: How would you feel if
your boss was a robot? What would be the advantages
and disadvantages?
1 F (A recent experiment … most people would
obey the robot boss)
2 F (even though they had been told they could
refuse)
3 T (there is a growing concern amongst businesses
about the way …)
4 NG (There is nothing in the text to support this.)
5 F (It does not say that brains cannot tell the
difference – it just says that the brain attributes
human characteristics to seemingly intelligent
movement.)
6 NG (It only says that workers MAY believe these
machines know more than they do.)
7 NG (The text says workers might stop trusting
their own judgement but nothing about not
trusting robots.)
8 T (people working with these robots should
challenge them)
9 T (staff will miss social interaction if they only
work with robots)
10 T (The one thing about which there is consensus
is … workers will have to be very adaptable and
able to learn new skills very quickly.)
B This exercise practises useful vocabulary from the
texts on page 95. Ask students to work individually and
tell them that they can refer to the texts if they need
help. Check answers with the class, clarifying meaning as
necessary.
2 Hideaki – very offended by something Mayumi said in
Japanese
3 Mark – Bob spilt hot coffee on his (suit) jacket which
needs cleaning asap
4 Wei Ling – Brutus confiscated her bag; she’s worried
about missing the presentation
5 Sarah – robot waiter dropped food all over her (new,
expensive) shoes; she wants compensation
6 Aleksander – driven to incorrect destination three times
by Oskar
4B Put students in pairs. Give them 2–3 minutes to compare
notes, then confirm answers to the listening task in the
previous exercise. Set a time limit for pairs to discuss possible
solutions, then get brief feedback from the class.
Possible answers
1 Take the security guard away immediately to check
the programming and re-programme it if possible.
If not, will have to employ new security staff. Meet
Mr Blinksmann to apologise and check that he is not
injured.
2 Turn off the Japanese version of Mayumi. Meet Mr Egami
to apologise and ask for exact details of the problem
translation to see if it can be repaired quickly.
3 Check if Bob has had other accidents. Meet Mr Steadman
to apologise and arrange compensation for his jacket.
Offer to clean it if possible or will have to buy new suit.
4 Return bag to Ms Wei Ling immediately and apologise to
her personally.
5 Go to robot café immediately and see what is
happening there. Was the problem a one-off or is it
chaos? Apologise to Ms Buchanan personally and offer
compensation for damaged shoes.
6 Stop all Oskars and check the programming – probably
easy to fix. Find Mr Baron and apologise and thank him
for informing you about the fault.
Task: Final reporting
1 a 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 b 6 b
Students write a report analysing feedback and making
recommendations.
5A Put students in groups and go through the instructions
Day 1 – Incident report
Students listen to voicemail complaints about incidents
related to robots at an exhibition.
BW 4.01 Explain that students are going to hear
4A
voicemail messages with complaints about incidents with
robots at the exhibition. Refer them to the names of the
callers in the box and the example. Play the recording, twice if
necessary, but do not confirm answers yet.
with them. Refer them to the statistics on page 133 and set
a time limit for students to discuss in their groups. As feedback,
briefly discuss the statistics with the class and then invite
students from different groups to share their ideas.
5B This activity can be done in class or for homework.
Explain the writing task and elicit some features that might
be included in short reports (e.g. main heading, sub-headings,
bullet points). If students write their reports in class, you
could encourage some peer correction afterwards: put them
in pairs and ask them to read their partner’s report and make
suggestions for improvements. Alternatively, you could get
students to compare reports in their original groups and
discuss similarities and differences in the information reported.
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Teacher’s notes
Model answer
This report analyses the feedback on the use of robots
from participants at ‘Brave New World’ and offers our
recommendations for future events.
The feedback regarding the use of robots varied greatly
from robot to robot. The most successful one was Mayumi
where only five percent of people were unhappy. 82 percent
thought that she enhanced their experience. The most
problematic robot was Brutus, about whom we have had
many complaints, and 98 percent of the participants who
encountered him did not think he enhanced the event. In
fact 76 percent rated him as a bad experience, although
interestingly 22 percent of participants would consider
buying or using this robot themselves. Despite the problems
with his interaction with people, participants obviously like
the idea of a security robot for their premises.
The robot that got the highest ratings was Arturo, the
robot speaker, who was praised by 97 percent (70 percent
good, 27 percent excellent) of his audiences, although
only 81 percent said he enhanced their event experience.
Participants thought Oskar provided a good experience
(80 percent) but only 30 percent thought he enhanced
their event experience. Bob was also very popular, with
79 percent saying he enhanced their experience, although
only 8 percent would consider using him.
Review
4
1 1 cloud 2 Platforms 3 dump 4 conversion
5 mining
2 1 analytical, personalised 2 innovator, visualise
3 Disruptive, irritating
3 1 As long as the product is, will buy
2 doesn’t/won’t work if there’s
3 Unless the situation improves, we will lose
4 would sell, provided (that) the technology was
5 will place, on condition (that) we get
6 If I were you, would design
4 1 come 2 scope 3 let 4 slow 5 stop 6 suggest
5 1 how this situation affects you
2 accept the fact that 3 imagine this working
4 way to approach 5 the best thing would be
6 agree to that 7 sounds reasonable
6 1 e 2 a 3 b 4 e 5 c 6 a 7 d 8 c
My recommendations are that we should use robots in
the future, providing the issues we had at this event can
be resolved. However, as the technology is moving so fast,
this is likely to happen in the very near future. We should
also watch the developments of different security robots
closely as they seem to be something that participants
want to purchase.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
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Performance
5
Unit overview
CLASSWORK
5.1
Performance and
rewards
Lead-in Students discuss questions related to employee performance and
rewards.
Video Students watch a video about a Japanese company and its
employee reward policy.
Vocabulary Students look at vocabulary related to performance and rewards.
5.2
A culture of
rewards
FURTHER WORK
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources extra activities;
Reading bank
Teacher’s book: Resource bank
Photocopiable 5.1 p.142
Project Students roleplay explaining to an employer why they should be
promoted.
Workbook: p.24 Exercises 1 and 2
Lead-in Students talk about employee motivation.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities
Reading Students read an article about rewarding high performance.
Grammar Students study and practise linkers and clauses of contrast and
concession.
Grammar reference: p.121 Linking
words and concessive clauses
Speaking Students practise the language from the lesson by discussing their
expectations in the workplace.
Pronunciation bank: p.116
Intonation and linking words
Teacher’s book: Resource bank
Photocopiable 5.2 p.143
Workbook: p.25 Exercises 1 and 2,
p.26 Exercises 1–4
5.3
Communication
skills:
Managing
challenging
feedback
Lead-in Students discuss their experiences with negative feedback.
Video Students watch a video about how different ways of dealing with
negative feedback can affect relationships in the workplace.
Reflection Students reflect on the main points and conclusions from the
video and discuss different styles of managing negative feedback.
Functional Students look at useful phrases for responding to negative
language feedback.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Interactive video activities
Pronunciation bank: p.116
Intonation when handling
challenging feedback
Workbook: p.27 Exercise 1
Task Students practise the functional language from the lesson by
roleplaying giving and responding to negative feedback.
5.4
Business skills:
Reviewing projects
Lead-in Students read and discuss two approaches to failure in business.
Listening Students listen to a project review meeting.
Functional Students look at useful phrases for review meetings.
language
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Functional language bank
Workbook: p.27 Exercise 2
Task Students roleplay a performance development workshop.
5.5
Writing:
Performance review
summary
Lead-in Students read a performance review summary and look at some
useful vocabulary.
Functional Students look at useful language for performance review
language summaries.
Task Students write a performance review summary.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Interactive grammar practice;
Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.121
Phrasal verbs
Workbook: p.28 Exercises 1–3
Business
workshop 5
Listening Students listen to meetings in which participants are trying to find
new ways of rewarding performance.
Changing
expectations
Speaking Students discuss employee benefits.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities
Task Students roleplay a negotiation for changes in rewards and
benefits.
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Teacher’s notes
Business brief
The main aim of this unit is to introduce the concept of employee performance. Most
organisations want to encourage their employees to advance and succeed as this
enhances the company as well as the workforce but there are differing opinions as to what
motivates high performance and how it should be evaluated and rewarded.
In some organisations, performance is evaluated in the form of an appraisal or
performance review, which is usually carried out at regular intervals, such as annually. The
review is normally carried out by the line manager or HR department. It is a way to analyse
the positives and negatives that have occurred and helps set targets and goals and identify
training and development opportunities. It also provides an opportunity for the employee
to suggest any improvements and to air any grievances. As well as regular reviews,
effective management would also offer regular feedback to staff in an informal context.
This could take the form of acknowledging when tasks are carried out well and offering
thanks. If improvements are required, then a low-key discussion can provide the chance to
clarify expectations and objectives and keep projects on track.
There are differing opinions as to how good work should be recognised. It might take the
form of rewards, either financial or non-financial, such as a payrise, bonus, promotion,
flexible working hours or enhanced benefits. However, it is also argued that rewards
can demotivate staff and result in a competitive culture rather than encouraging
collaboration. There are concerns that performance-related rewards have the potential to
encourage bad behaviour. For example, when they are linked primarily to results or profits,
it might deter staff from alerting management to concerns.
Other discussions relate to how performance is measured, whether it is objective or
subjective, whether incentives should be awarded due to merit or length of service.
In traditional work environments, there was often the concept of a job for life. An employee
was likely to stay with a company for a long period and would be promoted and rise
through the ranks at regular intervals. The eventual arrival at a senior position could be
seen as a reward for loyalty rather than a reflection of talent. While modern organisations
may still offer incentives to encourage good employees to stay with the company, there
is less expectation that workers will spend their entire career with one firm. Instead, most
people will have a variety of jobs with different companies throughout their working
life, moving on if they feel they will achieve greater recognition or career progression
elsewhere. With this mobile workforce, corporations with a reputation for recognising and
rewarding performance are likely to attract a greater pool of talented applicants.
Performance and
your students
It is important for students, both pre- and in-service, to understand that many roles may
involve having their own performance measured or giving feedback on the performance
of others. Career progression may differ from company to company and from culture to
culture but most jobs will involve some balance of performance vs. reward. Pre-work
students will already be used to the concept of being evaluated in terms of exams and,
possibly, self-evaluation and peer evaluation. In-service students may already have
experience of receiving or giving feedback and have opinions on incentives which have
helped motivate performance.
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Teacher’s notes
Unit lead-in
Video
Ask students to look at the unit title and photo. Ask them how
the photo may be related to the title and elicit or give a brief
definition of performance (see Business brief on page 78). Then
look at the quote with students: What do they think it means?
Why might activity be mistaken for achievement? Elicit ideas
around the class.
Students watch a video about a Japanese company and its
employee reward policy.
5.1
3
Performance and rewards
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on a
work-related topic.
• Can recognise the speaker’s point of view in a
structured presentation.
• Can use language related to career progression and
position.
• Can justify a viewpoint on a topical issue by discussing
pros and cons of various options.
• Can justify and sustain views clearly by providing
relevant explanations and arguments.
• Can write a simple summary of the decisions made in a
meeting.
2 Explain the activity and go through the ideas in the box with
students. Answer any vocabulary questions they may have and
refer them to the example. Elicit ideas around the class, helping
students with any vocabulary they may need, and list any
additional ideas on the board.
5.1.1 Put students in pairs and tell them that they
should watch and check their ideas from Exercise 2. Refer them
to the list on the board. Play the video and let students discuss
in their pairs first. They should also tell each other about
something they found surprising. After 2–3 minutes, invite
different students to share their ideas with the class.
Experiences of younger and older workers at CyberAgent
The young person we hear from (Takato Oku) doesn’t
complain about CyberAgent. He likes it because, unlike
many traditional Japanese companies, it rewards its
workers based on performance, not age, and he was able
to become a manager quickly.
We don’t hear directly from an older worker, but the
HR Director (Tetsuhito Soyama) says that it’s natural
for older workers to feel awkward to see their younger
colleagues being promoted first. The report also says
that traditionally in Japan, workers could expect lifelong
employment with salaries that kept rising.
Warm-up
Say: Two employees work in the same department.
Employee A has worked at the company for ten years.
Every day, he arrives early and leaves late. He works hard
and puts in a lot of effort, but he doesn’t always meet
targets. Employee B has worked for the company for
a year. He arrives and leaves on time and rarely works extra
hours. He always meets his targets. Say: At the end of the
year, the department rewards some of the employees.
Should employee A or B be rewarded? Put students in pairs
or small groups and give them 2–3 minutes to discuss
the question. Point out that they can only choose one
employee, not both. When the time is up, elicit ideas from
different students. Encourage them to give reasons for
their answers.
Lead-in
Students discuss questions related to employee performance
and rewards.
1 Discuss the questions as a class. For question 1, make sure
that students do not focus too much on the type of company,
but more on the idea of starting their own business. For
question 2, elicit ideas from different students and also ask if
they can think of any disadvantages. If time allows, you could
expand on question 3 as follows: write the following two
headings on the board: Part of the job and Should be rewarded.
Say: always arrive at work on time and ask students which
heading they think it should go under. Do the same for work
weekends to finish a project. Get students to suggest other
ideas that can go under each heading.
Phrases mentioned: become a manager, corporate world,
keep raising salaries, new salary model, oldest got the
biggest salary, rewards its workers based on performance
Phrases not mentioned: highly qualified and innovative,
new recruits, recent university graduates
4
5.1.1 Give students time to read the questions. Stronger
students could try to answer as many of the questions as they
can before watching again, then watch and check/complete
their answers. Play the video, then check answers with the class.
1 Takato Oku was frustrated because he knew that it
would take a long time to get a pay rise or a promotion.
2 He quit and joined an online media and advertising firm.
3 He was surprised to have staff (in his team) who were
older than he was and that he had a boss who was
younger.
4 Tetsuhito Soyama felt it was unfair that older people got
the highest salaries.
5 People lost their jobs (jobs were cut).
6 Revising policies regarding rewards does not always
work. Unless you can turn the business around, you just
create unhealthy competition among employees.
5 Put students in pairs or small groups. If they are having
trouble coming up with ideas, you could write two or three on
the board (e.g. bonus, company car, extra holiday). Give pairs
a minute or so to suggest rewards and then get them to focus
on how they would feel about receiving those types of reward.
Get feedback from the class and encourage students to see
whether their rewards fall into categories (financial benefits,
free time, career progression, etc.).
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Teacher’s notes
Extra activities 5.1
5.1.1 This activity gives students extra listening
A
practice. Ask them to work individually and give them time
to read through the statements before playing the video.
In stronger classes, you could ask students to see if they
can answer or correct any of the statements from memory
before playing the video. With weaker classes, students
may need to watch the video twice: once to decide whether
the statements are true or false and then a second time to
correct the false statements.
1 T (There was a long line of older workers the
company needed to reward first.)
2 F (… that’s been the tradition (rewarding older
workers first) for over half a century)
3 F (… I like the fact that CyberAgent rewards its
workers based on performance, not our age.)
4 T (… our model means more competition, …)
5 F (… but it’s been our policy from the start, …)
6 T (During Japan’s economic boom over the 80s and
90s, companies could afford to keep raising salaries
for all workers …)
7 F (… but companies which revise their policies have
not all been successful …)
8 T (For young companies like CyberAgent, the new
salary model has, so far, paid off, and its success is
what the rest of Japan Inc. is also hoping to achieve.)
Vocabulary: Rewarding performance
Students look at vocabulary related to performance and
rewards.
promote – promotion
appraise – appraisal
recognise – recognition
reward – reward
evaluate – evaluation
fail – failure
achieve – achievement
advance – advancement
9 Get students to do the exercise individually and then
compare answers in pairs before class feedback. Advise them
to read the sentences carefully first and decide what part of
speech is needed to fill the gap. Point out that they may need
to change the form of some words (e.g. use a plural noun).
Check answers with the class.
1 achievements 2 appraisal 3 failure 4 recognition
5 reward 6 promotion
10 Put students in pairs with someone who has the same
level of work experience (for example, two pre-work students
together, two students who are / have been in work together).
Give the pairs time to read and discuss the questions in the
appropriate box, then invite different students to share their
answers with the class.
Extra activities 5.1
B This activity practises vocabulary from the lesson. It is
a consolidation exercise, so you may prefer students to do
it individually and compare answers in pairs before class
feedback.
1 recognition 2 promotions 3 employment
4 success 5 achievements 6 rise 7 evaluate
8 failure 9 appraisals 10 rewards
11 advancement
6 This exercise can be done individually or with the whole
class, checking answers as you go. If you choose the first
option, you may want to do the first item as an example. If your
class needs more support, let students compare answers in
pairs before checking with the class.
1 a 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 b
Project: Moving up in the company
Students roleplay explaining to an employer why they
should be promoted.
11A Put students in small groups and go through the
7 Put students in pairs. Go through the instructions with them
and make sure they understand how the ‘magic table’ works: they
should match definitions 1–9 with the verbs in the table, writing
the question number in the box for each verb. If their answers are
correct, the total for each row and column will be 15 (for example,
the top row would be definition 6 for promote, definition 7 for
appraise, definition 2 for recognise: 6 + 7 + 2 = 15). Get students to
compare answers in pairs before checking with the class.
instructions and bullet points with them. Give groups
sufficient time to prepare their arguments. Go round and help
students with ideas and/or any language they may need.
Students who have been in work for a number of years could
argue for a pay rise rather than a promotion if they are in a
higher position already. They could work in pairs and make
notes to justify their arguments. This can be followed by
a general discussion on persuasion techniques in order to
achieve goals in the workplace.
11B Put students in pairs with someone from another group.
672
159
834
Explain that they will take turns to be the employee and set
a time limit for each conversation. During the activity, monitor
and note down any points to highlight during feedback.
8 Do this with the whole class. Explain the activity and draw
students’ attention to the example, the suffixes in the box and
the magic table in Exercise 7. You could do a few examples on
the board first (e.g. approve – approval, develop – development,
motivate – motivation). Write the verbs from the magic table on
the board and get students to choose the correct suffix to make
them into nouns. You could nominate students to come to the
board and write the noun next to the correct verb.
11C Students can do this in class or for homework. If any of
your students have used the alternative approach in Exercise
11A, change the focus of the writing task to a pay rise. You
could ask students to share their emails and, in their pairs,
discuss how they would feel as an employee receiving the
news. Would they be pleased with the news and the way it is
delivered? Why? / Why not?
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Teacher’s notes
Model answer
Reading
Dear … ,
Students read an article about rewarding high performance.
Thank you for discussing your innovative idea for changing
the reward system and basing it on an agreed set of
targets rather than the length of time someone has been
in the company. This new perspective on recognising new
employees for their achievements could also lead to higher
retention of our young talent. Due to your well-thoughtout ideas, we feel that you are ready to lead a small team.
We would like you to take on this new position at a higher
salary at the beginning of next month and feel it is a step
in helping move the company forward.
3 Ask students to do this individually. Explain that they
Please contact me with any questions you may have.
Sincerely,
piece-rate scheme, public ceremony, being aware of and
setting targets, praise, status, job satisfaction, a competition
Notes
Examples of what each of the schemes mentioned in
the text might involve include the following:
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Reading bank
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 5.1 p.142
Workbook: p.24 Exercises 1 and 2
5.2
should just scan the article for the information. For more
discussion on these types of schemes, you could ask students
to suggest examples of what each scheme might involve
(see Notes below).
A culture of rewards
GSE learning objectives
• Can identify the main conclusions in a text that
presents and contrasts arguments in a clearly
signalled way.
• Can scan a long text or a set of related texts in order
to find specific information.
• Can show interest and appreciation in conversation
using a range of expressions.
Warm-up
Write motivation on the board and elicit or explain its
meaning. Then put students in pairs or small groups and
ask them to discuss whether there is a difference between
motivation that comes from an individual and motivation
that comes from outside (e.g. from a teacher or employer).
In what ways are they the same or different? Give students
3–4 minutes to discuss in their pairs/groups, then ask
different students to share their ideas with the class.
Lead-in
Students talk about employee motivation.
1 Put students in pairs. Draw their attention to the spidergram
and give them 2 minutes to discuss the question. Get brief
feedback from the class. You could copy the spidergram onto
the board and add to it any other ideas students mention.
2 Students can continue in pairs or this can be done with
• piece-rate scheme: payment for number of pieces of
fruit picked, payment for number of items completed
or put together
• public ceremony: a party at the Town Hall, a special
event in the company, giving a plaque or award
• being aware of targets, setting them and
acknowledging success: ‘employee of the month’
award, praising salespeople with the highest sales
figures, putting articles in the company newsletter
about those who achieve this, giving time off in
exchange for reaching goals
4 Ask students to do this individually. Encourage them to
underline the parts of the text that give the answers and, if
time allows, get them to compare answers in pairs before
checking with the class. As a follow-up, you could put students
in pairs and ask them to discuss the text from the point of view
of both employer and employee. Ask: How would you respond
to each of the schemes?
1 F (Top managers and executives have complex,
hard-to-measure jobs.)
2 T (On fruit farms, a piece-rate scheme, performance pay
for the managers and competition among workers which
encouraged them to set up productive teams boosted
productivity.)
3 T (There was a public ceremony where they were
honoured for their work in selling additional products.)
4 T (Unlike part-time sales people or fruit pickers, pilots
have high status, six-figure salaries and powerful unions.)
5 F (Pilots who hit specific targets on fuel consumption
experienced the highest job satisfaction. Salaries were not
increased.)
6 F (To get people to do a good job you need to tell them
what success looks like to you and that you have noticed
when they have achieved it.)
Extra activities 5.2
the whole class, checking and explaining answers as you go.
You could then focus on one or two of the words to extend
the discussion. Ask: What are the advantages of performance
incentives? Are there any disadvantages? What type of jobs
would you expect to have a six-figure salary?
A This activity practises key vocabulary. Go through the
words in the box before students begin or let them use
dictionaries to look up unknown words. Clarify meanings
during feedback.
1 encourage them to work harder 2 managers in an
organisation who help make important decisions
3 per item they produce 4 £100,000 5 has
1 excellent 2 Regular 3 obvious 4 react 5 plan
6 hard-working 7 giving 8 reached 9 recognising
10 situation
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Teacher’s notes
Grammar: Linking words and concessive
clauses
Students study and practise linkers and clauses of contrast
and concession.
5 Do this as a quick whole-class activity. Draw students’
attention to the underlined linkers in the article. Check students
understand their meaning and elicit the correct answer.
6 We need to revise the rewards system, despite the
fact that it was updated a few years ago.
7 On the one hand, we keep getting more and more
work to do. On the other hand, we were told by
management that we should not work overtime.
8 We were pleased that we met all the sales targets
in spite of it proving to be much more difficult
than we had thought.
b
6 This activity can be done individually or in pairs. After
checking answers with the class, refer students to the Grammar
reference on page 121 and go through the explanations and
examples with them, clarifying any points as necessary.
Pronunciation bank
p.116: Intonation and linking words
Warm-up
Before looking at the explanation in the box,
write the example phrases on the board:
On the one hand … , Despite experiencing
a number of problems, … . Explain that these
are two linking phrases used at the beginning
of sentences. Without modelling pronunciation,
ask students where they think a fall–rise
intonation might be used in each phrase. Do
not confirm answers. Refer students to the
explanation in the box, give them a minute
to read it, then invite two students to say the
phrases using the correct intonation. Model/
Correct as necessary and drill the intonation in
both examples.
1 though 2 in spite of the fact that 3 Despite 4 On the
one hand, (but) on the other hand 5 despite the fact that
7 Students should do this individually, then check answers in
pairs before class feedback.
1 Despite 2 on the other hand, 3 in spite of
4 Even though 5 Nevertheless, 6 although
7 Despite the fact that 8 though
Extra activities 5.2
B Explain the activity. As this is a consolidation exercise,
it might be better for students to do it individually and
then check answers in pairs before class feedback. Remind
students that they can use the Grammar reference on page
121 to help them.
1 He often feels like he failed in his career, even though
he rose through the ranks to a very high position in
the company.
2 She did not receive a pay rise though she did
appreciate the bonus.
3 His appraisal was positive. Nevertheless, the
promised promotion was put off until next year. or
His appraisal was positive. The promised promotion
was, nevertheless, put off until next year. or His
appraisal was positive. The promised promotion was
put off until next year nevertheless.
4 Our department received recognition for a job well
done, although we all thought the final product
was not our best work. or Although our department
received recognition for a job well done, we all
thought the final product was not our best work.
5 Young people we interview expect a wide range
of rewards. However, most of them are only given
to more senior staff. or Young people we interview
expect a wide range of rewards. Most of them,
however, are only given to more senior staff. or
Young people we interview expect a wide range
of rewards. Most of them are only given to more
senior staff, however.
1 Put students in pairs to mark where they think
the fall–rise intonation will be in the sentences. With
stronger classes, you may prefer to ask students to
work individually and then get them to compare
answers in pairs. Do not confirm answers yet as
students will check them in the next exercise.
1 On the other hand , they receive overtime pay.
2 Although he has achieved a great deal in
the company , there have been a number of
problems to deal with.
3 Nevertheless , it was effective to simply make
pilots aware of saving fuel.
4 Even though some work can be done from
home , many companies prefer to have the
workers in the factory.
5 In spite of his career being so successful , he
decided to try a new area of business and left
the company.
2
P5.01 Play the recording for students to check
their answers. Then play it a second time for students
to listen and repeat.
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Teacher’s notes
Speaking
2
Students practise the language from the lesson by discussing
their expectations in the workplace.
8A Give students 2–3 minutes to complete the sentences while
you monitor and help as necessary.
8B Put students in pairs or small groups to compare and
discuss their sentences from Exercise 8A. Circulate, encouraging
students to ask follow-up questions and noting down any
errors with linkers for some brief class feedback afterwards.
To extend the activity, you could give students the linkers and
ask them to come up with their own statements about their
expectations in the workplace.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
Grammar reference: p.121 Linking words and concessive clauses
Pronunciation bank: p.116 Intonation and linking words
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 5.2 p.143
Workbook: p.25 Exercises 1 and 2, p.26 Exercises 1–4
5.3
Communication skills
Managing challenging feedback
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on a
work-related topic.
• Can recognise a speaker’s feelings or attitudes.
• Can justify and sustain views clearly by providing
relevant explanations and arguments.
• Can give detailed feedback about someone's
performance on a familiar task or project.
Warm-up
Dictate or write the following questions on the board: In
what situations do people give or receive feedback? Is it
better to give negative feedback in person or in writing?
How would you give feedback to a colleague? Put students
in pairs or small groups and give them 3–4 minutes to
discuss the questions. When the time is up, invite students
to share their opinions with the class.
Lead-in
Students discuss their experiences with negative feedback.
1 Go through the instructions and questions with the class. If
appropriate, you may wish to share a personal example with
them. Give students a minute to think of their own example,
then put them in pairs to discuss. If your class is comfortable
discussing the topic, you could ask some students to share their
experiences with the class.
Video
5.3.1 If your students watched the Unit 4 video, ask
them to give you a short summary of the situation and the
main characters’ roles. If this is the first communication skills
video for your class, briefly set up the context and/or refer
students to page 6 of the Coursebook. Encourage students to
make notes in answer to the questions while watching, and
play the video. You could get students to compare answers in
pairs before discussing them with the class.
1 The (badly designed) marketing campaigns
2 She didn’t like what Claire said to her and feels it wasn’t
fair. / She’s upset that Claire told her she wasn’t doing
her job properly / her marketing campaigns shared a lot
of the blame for low sales figures.
3 Possible answer: Claire has the right to express her
disappointment with the campaigns, but it was
inappropriate for Claire to tell Katie that she’s not
doing her job properly because it’s not professional
to make personal comments (i.e. questioning her
professionalism) instead of addressing the problem.
This resulted in people becoming even more stressed
about an already stressful situation.
4 Students’ own answers
3A Explain to students that Sanjit can deal with the feedback
on poor sales in two ways and go through the details of
Options A and B with the class. Make it clear that students
can choose which option they want to see first on the video.
Put students in small groups and ask them to discuss the two
options, giving reasons for their answers. Elicit ideas from a few
students and then, as a class, decide which video to watch first.
5.3.2
5.3.3 Give students a minute to read the
3B
questions for Option A or Option B, depending on their choice,
and play the video. If time allows, put students in the same
groups as Exercise 3A and get them to compare answers before
checking with the class. Do the same for the second video.
Option A
1 That the market has been slow to respond to new
environmental initiatives by the government.
2 The forecast: they predicted lower figures this quarter
and warned Claudio about them. Katie personally: she is
good at what she does, she is very close to the market in
Bangladesh and is confident it will be a huge success.
3 He’s referring to the fact that Claire confronted Katie and
blamed her marketing campaign for the poor sales. He is
suggesting that this shows a lack of professional respect.
4 Yes, he does. He’s doesn’t seem totally convinced.
Option B
1 That there is often a mismatch between forecasts and
actual results.
2 That he doesn’t like the way Katie has been singled out
for blame.
3 That they are seeing things too much from a local
perspective.
4 What Claudio / Go Global have done in other countries.
4 Put students in pairs and give them 2–3 minutes to discuss
Students watch a video about how different ways of dealing
with negative feedback can affect relationships in the
workplace.
the questions. Encourage them to give reasons for their
answers. If there is time, you could join pairs together into
groups of four to exchange ideas.
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Teacher’s notes
Functional language: Responding to
challenging feedback
1 See key to Exercise 5 below.
2 Possible answers
Option A
Project: The outcome puts pressure on him and Katie to
prove that their marketing campaign will increase sales
very soon. If it doesn’t, there will be risks to the project and
to the relationship with Go Global.
Relationships: Although Sanjit defended his position
strongly, he did so openly and clearly focused on
patience and respect, so while Claudio may feel a little
uncomfortable with the outcome of the meeting, their
relationship probably didn’t suffer.
Option B
Project: The flexible approach leads to a follow-up
meeting, which may lead to marketing changes and
increased sales.
Relationships: Even if the new ideas don’t increase sales,
the responsibility and ownership of the strategy will
be shared with Go Global, which will strengthen the
relationship and avoid risking the business partnership.
The main challenge here is to bring Katie and Claire
together at the follow-up meeting after the earlier tension
between them.
5
5.3.4 Students should do this in the same pairs as
Exercise 4. Explain that they are going to watch the last section
of the video, with conclusions and learning points on the
different approaches to negative feedback they looked at in
Options A and B. Play the video and get students to compare
what the speaker says with their own answers to Exercise 4.
With weaker classes, you may wish to let students watch twice:
once to compare the speaker’s points with their own answers,
and a second time to note down key points. Discuss the
answers and students’ views as a whole class.
In Option A, Sanjit pushes back against Claudio’s critical
feedback and stands up for Katie. It’s a little tense, which
could negatively affect their relationship, but Sanjit
has stood his ground and protected his team, which are
positive things.
In Option B, Sanjit also stands up for Katie and her
experience, but is more accepting of the overall feedback
and shows openness to learn. However, he could be
perceived as being too quick to accept criticism.
Students look at useful phrases for responding to negative
feedback.
7A Get students to do the exercise individually and then
compare answers in pairs before checking with the class. Check
that they understand the big picture (the situation as a whole).
1 the big picture 2 you’re saying 3 improvement
4 accurate 5 this might happen 6 point 7 useful
8 this before 9 and why 10 appreciate
7B This can be done individually or as a whole-class activity,
checking answers as you go.
Defending your position: 1, 4, 5, 8, 10
Accepting criticism: 2, 3, 6, 7, 9
8 Give students time to read through the examples and think
about their responses first. Encourage them to use phrases
from Exercise 7. Then put students in pairs to roleplay giving
and responding to the feedback. Monitor and note down
any errors in the use of the functional language phrases to
highlight during feedback.
Extra activities 5.3
A Go through the instructions and strategies with
students. Check they understand pushing back and
committing to. Ask students to complete the exercise
individually and check answers with the class. If there
is time, you could put students in pairs and get them to
practise the dialogues.
1 e 2 d 3 b 4 a 5 c
Pronunciation bank
p.116: Intonation when handling
challenging feedback
In both options, the marketing campaign will remain
unchanged for now, and the team will work on their
communication and collaboration, so the outcomes
are the same. But the team relationships are impacted
differently in each option.
Warm-up
Write the following exchange on the board:
A: The sales figures were disappointing.
B: Yes, I can see your point.
Invite different students to read line A while you
respond, saying line B with varying stress and
intonation (e.g. demonstrating anger or sadness,
sounding impolite/sarcastic). The third time,
model falling intonation (sounding confident
and assertive, but not impolite). Refer students
to the explanation in the box and go through it
with the class.
Reflection
Students reflect on the main points and conclusions from
the video and discuss different styles of managing negative
feedback.
6 Allow students to work individually first so that they can
reflect on their own preferred style. Ask them to think of their
own answers to the questions and to make notes. Then put
them in pairs to discuss and compare their answers. Get brief
feedback from the class.
1
P5.02 Play the recording for students to mark
the changes in intonation. With weaker classes, you
may wish to pause after the first item and do it as
an example with the class. Get students to compare
answers in pairs before class feedback.
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Teacher’s notes
Lead-in
1 I agree with you 100 percent.
2 I can see your point.
3 We’ve talked about this before.
4 I take on board what you’re saying.
5 There’s room for improvement.
Students read and discuss two approaches to failure in
business.
1 Put students in pairs, go through the texts with them and
2 Before students begin, demonstrate the activity with
a stronger student: get them to say the sentence while
you draw a line in the air to show rising and falling
intonation. Put students in pairs and let them practise
saying the sentences. Monitor and correct students’
intonation as necessary or help them ‘draw’ correct lines
to show how their partner’s voice goes up and down.
Task
Students practise the functional language from the lesson
by roleplaying giving and responding to negative feedback.
9A Put students in pairs. Go through the instructions and
draw students’ attention to the line graph. Give them time to
read the background information and prepare their responses.
Monitor and help students with any language they may need.
9B Students now roleplay the conversation. Set a time limit
and remind them to use phrases from Exercise 7. Monitor while
the students are speaking, noting down any good examples
and also any errors to highlight after Exercise 9D.
9C Students swap roles and roleplay the situation again. You
may wish to allow some preparation time before they begin
their conversations. Again, monitor and note down points to
highlight during feedback.
9D In their pairs, students evaluate and comment on their
performance. When they have finished, invite a few groups to
share their comments with the class and then highlight any good
examples and/or errors you noted during Exercises 9B and 9C.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
video activities
Pronunciation bank: p.116 Intonation when handling challenging
feedback
Workbook: p.27 Exercise 1
5.4
give them 2 minutes to discuss. When the time is up, get
feedback from the class, encouraging students to give reasons
for their answers. Note that there are no right or wrong
answers here – students will answer depending on what they
think about the quotes.
Listening
Students listen to a project review meeting.
5.01 Ask: What is usually discussed in a project review
2A
meeting? (what has gone well, what hasn’t gone well, what
lessons have been learnt, next steps). Explain to students that
they are going to listen to the first part of a review meeting.
Play the recording, twice if necessary, and check answers with
the class.
1 first two phases of the project completed within budget –
no extra resources needed
2 first designs were not high quality; this led to production
issues; time was lost
3 trying to go too quickly, underestimating complexity
4 plan more carefully: allow more time for initial design
and ideally a prototype stage
5.02 Explain that students are going to listen to the
2B
next part of the meeting. Play the recording and check answers
with the class.
1 for leading the production team so well
2 it has been so collaborative, produced excellent quality
and quite a few design ideas
3 that the design team has travelled to Poland for
face-to-face meetings which are seen as more
productive
4 Gina, the project sponsor, for authorising the travel
budget on the project
2C Go through the instructions with students and check they
understand remotely. You could get them to discuss in pairs/
groups first and then broaden this into a class discussion. If
some of your students have work experience, ask whether they
have ever worked remotely or had experience of conference/
video calls. Ask the class which way of working they prefer.
Encourage them to give reasons for their answers.
Business skills
Reviewing projects
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract the key details from discussions in
meetings conducted in clear, standard speech.
• Can give a detailed update on a work-related project.
• Can describe the personal significance of events and
experiences in detail.
Warm-up
Write success and failure on the board and elicit their
meanings. Then ask students to suggest what would be
considered a success/failure at work and/or at school. Elicit
ideas around the class, then ask: How might people feel
when they don’t succeed. Take whole-class feedback.
Functional language: Leading and
participating in review meetings
Students look at useful phrases for review meetings.
3A Look at the headings in the table with students and give
them a minute to read through the sentences. Students could
do the exercise individually or in pairs, using their dictionaries if
necessary. Check answers with the class.
1 agenda 2 generally 3 comments 4 aspects
5 cause 6 plan 7 useful
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Teacher’s notes
3B This exercise can be done individually, with students
comparing answers in pairs before class feedback.
Alternatively, you could do it with the whole class, checking
answers as you go. Check students understand underestimate,
turn out (to be), in terms of and allocate.
1 d 2 c 3 c 4 d 5 a 6 b 7 a 8 b
3C Get students to do this individually, then check answers
with the class. Nominate students to read out the completed
sentences. You could also ask students to match the sentences
with the categories in Exercise 3B (see answers in brackets
below).
1 d (a) 2 f (b) 3 c (c) 4 e (c) 5 a (d) 6 b (d)
5.5
Writing
Performance review summary
GSE learning objectives
• Can infer the meaning of words from context in workrelated documents on familiar topics.
• Can understand written feedback about what they are
doing well and what they need to improve on in their
job performance.
• Can write a summary of the decisions and action items
identified during a meeting.
Warm-up
Extra activities 5.4
A–B These activities practise the functional language
from the lesson. Ask students to complete them
individually and if time allows, get them to compare and
discuss their answers in pairs before class feedback.
A1 e 2 d 3 f 4 c 5 a 6 b
B 1 down 2 made 3 hard 4 due
5 underestimated 6 issues
Dictate or write the following questions on the board:
Have you ever had your academic performance evaluated
in any way other than through exams? How valuable do
you think performance reviews are? Elicit ideas from a few
students, then ask: What information would you expect
to see in a performance review summary? (both positive
comments and information on what could be improved).
Lead-in
Students read a performance review summary and look at
some useful vocabulary.
1 Ask students to quickly read the summary and tell you
Task
Students roleplay a performance development workshop.
4A Give students 1–2 minutes to read the information. Check
understanding by asking a student to give you a brief definition
of performance development workshop.
4B Students work individually. Refer them to the template
and give them time to read the questions and think about their
answers. Encourage them to make notes. If your students are
not comfortable discussing their own experience, they can
invent information or choose a famous businessperson and
answer as though they were that person.
4C Put students in small groups. Before they begin, highlight
the information they need to include in their explanations –
you may wish to list this information on the board, for students
to refer to during the activity:
• what went well
• what didn’t go well
• lessons learnt
• useful for the group?
Set a time limit and remind students to use phrases from
Exercise 3. Encourage other group members to ask questions.
During the activity, monitor and note down any points to
highlight during feedback.
4D As a class, students now reflect on their discussions and
share their views. Allow plenty of time for this stage and invite
different students to contribute ideas. Finally, highlight any
points you noted while monitoring.
whether the writer seems to be more positive or more critical
(more positive). Then ask them to read it again and do the
exercise individually. Get them to compare answers in pairs,
then check answers with the class, clarifying meaning as
necessary. If there is time for discussion, ask: If this was your
performance review, would you be pleased? What does the
employee need to improve?
1 demonstrate 2 give 3 delegate 4 ensure
5 recognise 6 support 7 earn 8 adapt 9 take
10 manage 11 meet 12 Keep
Functional language
Students look at useful language for performance review
summaries.
2A Look at the headings with the class and check students
understand constructive criticism. To illustrate the meaning,
you could write on the board: You are late sometimes. and ask
students to help you turn it into constructive criticism to help
the person (e.g. I’ve noticed that you are late sometimes. So it
might be a good idea to get an earlier train.). Students can do the
exercise individually or, in weaker classes, in pairs. Let them use
their dictionaries to check the meaning of any unknown words.
Check answers with the class, clarifying meaning as necessary.
1 ability 2 aptitude 3 exhibit 4 consistently
5 impressed 6 Although 7 achievement 8 confident
9 met 10 However
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Functional
language bank
Workbook: p.27 Exercise 2
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Teacher’s notes
2B Go through the phrases in the box with students and
check they understand resolve, indicate and empower. Do
the exercise with the whole class, checking answers as you
go. As a follow-up, you could ask students to discuss the
following questions, in pairs/groups or as a class: Do you prefer
constructive criticism or direct criticism? Why is it useful to
have constructive criticism as well as positive comments in
a performance review?
Positive comments
You have empowered staff with authority.
Your work indicates a good knowledge of …
Constructive criticism
This can easily be resolved with more targeted training.
This can sometimes lead to delays.
Unfortunately, the results indicate that goals were not
always reached.
Extra activities 5.5
A This activity practises useful vocabulary for
performance review summaries. It can also serve as a
second model answer, which students can refer to when
they complete the writing task in Exercise 3B. The exercise
can be done individually or in pairs.
1 report 2 support 3 match 4 demonstrate
5 manage 6 achievement 7 indicates
8 confident 9 expense 10 resolved
3C If students write their summaries for homework, you could
do this exercise in the next lesson. Put them in pairs and ask
them to read each other’s summaries and think about whether
their partner has (a) included all the necessary information
and (b) used phrases from Exercise 2 to make the criticism
constructive.
Model answer
I am very pleased to report you demonstrate very good
communication skills in your role and an ability to
communicate information clearly and concisely with your
team and colleagues. In addition, you have exhibited the
ability to listen actively and you are quick to understand
information and new ideas. With regard to your team,
you display an aptitude for developing the skills of others
to help them solve any problems they have. You also
always take responsibility for your team’s actions, which
is a very important quality for someone in a management
role. Moreover, you also remember to praise your staff
when they have done something well and always give
constructive feedback if they have not. It is also pleasing
to note that you have successfully met all your targets and
sometimes even exceeded them.
I am encouraged by your work so far, although there are
still some areas which could be improved. Nevertheless,
I am confident this can be done with more training.
Occasionally you seem to lack a little confidence when
under pressure so a leadership course would be beneficial.
Also, improving your time management could help you
avoid some of the pressure you find yourself under.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
grammar practice; Writing bank
Optional grammar work
The performance review summary in Exercise 1 contains
examples of phrasal verbs, so you could use it for
some optional grammar work. Refer students to the
Grammar reference on page 121 and use the exercises in
MyEnglishLab for extra grammar practice.
Grammar reference: p.121 Phrasal verbs
Workbook: p.28 Exercises 1–3
Business workshop
5
Changing expectations
Task
GSE learning objectives
Students write a performance review summary.
3A Put students in pairs. Explain the activity, refer them to the
notes on page 128 and answer any vocabulary questions they
may have. Check answers to the categorising task before pairs
brainstorm ways to make the criticism constructive. Finally,
invite a few pairs to share their ideas with the class.
Positive comments
1, 3, 6, 8, 11
Criticism
2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10
3B Depending on the time available, students could plan their
summaries in class and write them for homework. Highlight
the word limit and remind students to use the summary in
Exercise 1 to help them if necessary. Also remind them to
include phrases from Exercise 2 in their summaries.
• Can extract the key details from discussions in
meetings conducted in clear, standard speech.
• Can identify details that support a point of view when
taking part in a general discussion.
• Can identify the main reasons for and against an
argument or idea in a discussion delivered in clear
standard speech.
• Can develop an argument giving reasons in support of
or against a particular point of view.
• Can develop a clear argument with supporting
subsidiary points and relevant examples.
Background
Students read about Energia Renovável, an energy company
in Brazil.
1 Go through the questions with the class and check they
understand millennials. Then put students in pairs and ask
them to read the background and answer the questions. Check
answers with the class.
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Teacher’s notes
1 They are in the energy business and use renewable
sources to supply electricity.
2 They need talented university graduates who speak
several languages.
3 They have expectations about appraisals, promotions
and pay rises.
4 Older employees expect to stay at one company for
many years, but millennials often leave if they don’t feel
that their work is valued.
Notes
Brazil is the tenth largest energy market in the world
and the largest consumer of energy in South America.
There are a number of companies providing electricity
to Brazil’s homes, businesses and public facilities.
Many still rely on oil, but the field of renewable energy
sources is growing and Brazil can be seen today as
a positive example of what can be done in the sector.
Companies are making use of solar, wind and hydroelectric power to produce energy, and vehicles are
often run on ethanol made of sugar cane. Many of
the companies have business partners or investors
from around the world, meaning that meetings may
well be held in English or another language besides
Portuguese. For this reason, students who have studied
languages in addition to their major field of studies are
sought after.
The name Energia Renovável was chosen as it translates
to ‘renewable energy’ in Portuguese. It is pronounced
/ɪnərˈʒɪə rənuːˈvævel/.
Meetings
Students listen to meetings in which participants are trying
to find new ways of rewarding performance.
2 Go through the instructions with students and make sure
they are clear about what they are going to hear. You could
elicit answers around the class or get students to discuss the
question in pairs first. Encourage them to give reasons for their
opinions.
3
BW 5.01
Give students a minute to read the questions
and check they understand fair and in practice. Play the
recording, then check answers with the class.
1 b 2 c 3 a 4 d
BW 5.01 Again, give students time to read the questions
4
before they listen, then play the recording. With weaker
classes, you may need to pause after each answer is heard
to give students time to write their answers and/or play the
recording a second time.
1 They are necessary for the company to stay up-to-date
and innovative but they don’t stay very long.
2 They lose people they need to take ideas forward and
the people they lose take what they have learnt to the
competition.
3 They don’t have high living costs so are happy to change
employer and work–life balance is more important to
them than lifelong employment or hours at work.
4 Years ago people were just happy to have a job.
5 If they make changes too quickly, it could have
a negative effect on how they are viewed in the business
community.
6 Think about which changes might be necessary and how
to look at goals to make them measurable and use them
to reward performance.
5 Put students in pairs to brainstorm ideas. Encourage them
to make notes. After 3–4 minutes, invite different students to
share their ideas with the class.
BW 5.02 Explain to students that they are going to hear
6
the next meeting and compare their ideas from Exercise 5 to
those mentioned on the recording. Remind them to refer to
their notes. Play the recording, then get brief feedback from
the class.
7A You could do this as a whole-class activity. Nominate different
students to read out the sentences and elicit who said them. Get
students to write the speaker’s initial next to each sentence:
J (Juliana), F (Felipe), D (Diego) or C (Clara). Do not confirm answers
yet as students will check them in the next exercise.
BW 5.02 Play the recording again for students to check
7B
their answers.
1 Felipe 2 Diego 3 Juliana 4 Clara 5 Felipe
6 Juliana 7 Clara 8 Diego
8 This exercise can be done individually or in pairs. Before
students begin, check they understand transparency and
interpersonal skills. Check answers with the class.
a 3, 6 b 2, 4, 7, 8 c 1, 5
Extra activities Business workshop 5
A This activity practises key vocabulary from the
lesson. Students could do it individually or in pairs, using
dictionaries to check the meaning of the words in bold if
necessary. Alternatively, if time is short, you could do it
as a whole-class activity, checking answers and clarifying
meaning as you go.
1 employees
2 having enough free time
3 can be extra money or other advantages that you
get as part of your job
4 to criteria which have been set
5 is of a high standard
6 ask people to find out about their opinions
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Teacher’s notes
Expectations
Students discuss employee benefits.
9A This activity could be done as homework and checked in
class after students have done it on their own. This would give
them the chance to do some research on benefits offered in their
country/-ies. If you are doing the activity in class, put students
in pairs and go through the information in the box with them.
Check they understand on site and subsidised. Give pairs 2–3
minutes to complete the task, then check answers with the class.
Financial benefits: bonus system for ideas, increase in
overtime pay
Non-financial benefits: flexible hours, seminars on career
skills
Benefits to save employees money: free fitness facility on
site, subsidised public transport
9B
BW 5.03
Explain the activity and before students listen,
ask them to draw a table with three columns and the following
headings in their notebooks: Financial benefits (x2), Nonfinancial benefits (x5), Benefits to save employees money (x2).
Ask them to make notes in the table as they listen and explain
that the numbers in brackets indicate the number of items they
need to listen for for each category. Play the recording, twice if
necessary, and check answers with the class.
Financial benefits: pay rises, bonuses
Non-financial benefits: promotions, time off for overtime
worked, other skills training sessions, limit on business
travel, social events
Benefits to save employees money: free parking, gym
discounts, subsidised public transport
Extra activities Business workshop 5
B
BW 5.03 This activity provides students with extra
listening practice. Give students time to read through
the statements before playing the recording. Stronger
students could identify the true questions first and then
listen to check and correct the false statements. With
weaker classes, students may need to listen twice: once to
decide whether the statements are true or false and then
a second time to correct the false statements.
1 T (I understand you’ve been in touch with
interviewers as well as …)
2 F (… they feel left out when promotions are
announced. These always seem to go to people
who have been with us a long time …)
3 F (The bonuses seem to be less of a problem as
we have given bonuses for ideas to younger
staff.)
4 T (… we are dependent on these new and
innovative ideas and they are worth paying for.)
5 T (Some of them have also mentioned the fact
that they work a lot of hours and feel that
discounts to a gym or even a free fitness facility
on site would be greatly appreciated.)
6 F (… we have limited space for cars in many of
our locations and this is a privilege we have
given to staff based on length of service.)
7 T (They would either like to see overtime pay
increased or get time off to make up for it.)
8 F (… they’d like … a limit on the number of
business trips they need to take, …)
9 T (… they’d like … more social events to get to
know their colleagues.)
10 F ( … they are happy about the bonus system we
have in place which rewards ideas and not just
goals …)
Task: A negotiation over rewards and
benefits
Students roleplay a negotiation for changes in rewards and
benefits.
10 Put students in groups of four and divide each group into
two sub-pairs. Explain the task and assign roles A and B to
each sub-pair (or let students choose their roles). Pair A are the
employees and Pair B are the HR representatives. Give pairs
2–3 minutes to complete their role cards with rewards/benefits
from Exercise 9.
11 Students work in the same groups but in different A/B
pairs: each pair has an employee (A) and an HR representative
(B). Explain the task and look at the examples with students.
Set a time limit for the negotiations and remind students to
use the role cards they completed in Exercise 10. During the
activity, monitor and note down any useful points to highlight
during feedback, but do not interrupt the negotiations.
12 Students now regroup into their original four. Go through
the questions with them and give them plenty of time to
compare and evaluate their negotiations. Again, monitor and
make notes. When the groups have finished, highlight any
points you noted during this and the previous stage.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
Review
5
1 1 a 2 c 3 b 4 c 5 a 6 c
2 1 although 2 Nevertheless 3 Despite
4 one hand, other hand 5 though 6 In spite
3 1 not seeing the big picture 2 take on board
3 room for improvement 4 've talked about this before
5 predicted this might happen 6 and why
4 1 agenda 2 problems 3 hit (also possible
reached/met) 4 due 5 part 6 cause
7 beginning 8 need
5 1 b 2 e 3 a 4 c 5 d 6 f
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6
Ethics
Unit overview
CLASSWORK
6.1
Ethical choices
FURTHER WORK
Lead-in Students discuss the concept of ethical fashion brands.
Video Students watch a video on ethics in the fashion industry.
Vocabulary Students learn vocabulary related to business ethics.
Project Students conduct a survey with classmates and write up key
findings as a report.
6.2
Lead-in Students discuss ethical practices in business and ways to
measure a company’s ethical conduct.
The triple
bottom line
Listening Students listen to an expert on ethics and the triple bottom line.
Grammar Students study and practise the third conditional.
Speaking Students discuss the ethics of an organisation or company.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Reading bank
Teacher’s book: Resource bank
Photocopiable 6.1 p.144
Workbook: p.29 Exercises 1–3
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
Grammar reference: p.122 Third
conditional
Pronunciation bank: p.116 Contractions
and weak forms in third conditionals
Teacher’s book: Resource bank
Photocopiable 6.2 p.145
Workbook: p.30 Exercises 1–3,
p.31 Exercises 1–3
6.3
Communication
skills:
Transparency in
business
Lead-in Students discuss transparency in business relationships.
Video Students watch a video about transparency and its importance
in managing business relationships.
Reflection Students think about their own approach to managing business
relationships and reflect on the learning points from the video.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Interactive video
activities
Workbook: p.32 Exercise 1
Functional Students look at useful language for expressing concerns.
language
Task Students practise the functional language from the lesson by
roleplaying situations in which they voice and respond to concerns.
6.4
Business skills:
Sales and selling
Lead-in Students discuss selling and what makes a good salesperson.
Listening Students listen to the owner of a company promote his services.
Functional Students look at useful phrases for promoting a product/service.
language
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Functional language
bank
Workbook: p.32 Exercise 2
Task Students practise the functional language from the lesson by
roleplaying promoting a product or service.
6.5
Writing:
Company
newsletter
Lead-in Students read and complete a newsletter.
Functional Students analyse a model answer and look at tenses commonly
language used for the different sections of a newsletter.
Task Students write a newsletter.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Interactive grammar
practice; Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.122 Linking
words for causes and results
Pronunciation bank: p.116 Chunking,
pausing and stress when reading aloud
Workbook: p.33 Exercises 1–4
Business
workshop 6
AFhomes, Tanzania
Reading Students read articles on the ethics of a construction company.
Listening Students listen to an investigative radio programme about the
company.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
Speaking Students discuss the company code of ethics.
Task Students create an action plan to maintain the company’s
ethical reputation.
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Teacher’s notes
Business brief
The main aim of this unit is to introduce the concept of ethics in business. In recent years,
an organisation’s ethical stance has had an impact on determining its reputation. The
concept of business ethics initially began in the 1960s as consumer opinion became more
valued. It became increasingly apparent that companies were not only expected to fulfil
legal obligations but also to demonstrate corporate responsibility in areas such as the
environment and local and social issues. An ongoing issue for modern business is to
determine how to retain a balance between ethics and competitive advantage.
Unethical conduct can take many forms but can be broadly categorised as mistreatment of
the workforce through low pay; poor working conditions or safety violations; sweatshops
and child labour; environmental issues, for example engaging in business practices which
have a negative impact on local communities, wildlife or the land or using materials
which have not been ethically sourced; lack of transparency which might be through
paying minimal tax, selling customer data or being less than open about scientific or
safety information. Once revealed, a story spreads via the press, social media or through
campaigns against an organisation led by the public or interest groups. The resulting
bad publicity can create a backlash that dents the reputation of a previously respected
company.
It can be difficult to measure an organisation’s ethics. To this end, John Elkington, founder
of British company SustainAbility, introduced the phrase ‘the triple bottom line’ in 1994.
This involved a company preparing the traditional bottom line, to measure profit and loss.
In addition, there would be a bottom line of the company’s ‘people account’ to measure
how socially responsible the organisation’s operations are and a ‘planet account’ to
measure environmental responsibility. The premise is that a company that produces
a triple bottom line can evaluate the full cost involved in doing business both in financial
and ethical terms.
Many organisations will have a code of ethics or ethical policy and will include statements
about their ethical stance on company websites. Social media can often play a role in
reporting when these policies or codes are broken and reputations can quickly be damaged
on a global scale.
When problems occur, the main issue is often how well or badly a business responds.
A wise company acknowledges that mistakes have been made and takes responsibility for
their actions, often through issuing a press release to indicate how this will be resolved
and what measures will be taken to make sure that the issue is not repeated in the future,
such as making sure workers are paid a fair wage or using materials from environmentfriendly or politically acceptable sources. However, some companies choose to focus
efforts on discovering how the information was leaked, tracking down whistleblowers or
defending their position rather than concentrating on how to make meaningful changes to
how their operation is run.
Ethics and your
students
Both pre-service and in-service students may be aware of companies, both local and
global, which have been in the media due to ethical issues. In-service students may work
for companies which have a particular ethical stance or will know companies within their
sector or industry which have a good or poor reputation for ethical behaviour. Many
companies will have policies or professional bodies which employees can consult if ethical
behaviour is not being followed, but it is not always easy for workers to decide whether to
prioritise job security or doing the right thing.
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Teacher’s notes
Unit lead-in
1 Maxine Bédat – see caption: Co-founder of ethical brand,
Zady
2 Mike Barry – see caption: Head of Corporate
Responsibility at Marks & Spencer
3 Alienor Taylor: ‘The more I found out about the fashion
industry, the more I kind of, I thought it was really
horrible, the environmental and ethical impacts that
(it) has on the world; I just ... I just don’t think are
acceptable.’
4 Domenica Delfini Arroyo: ‘The ethical debate in the
fashion business has created a tension between the top
priced labels and the mainstream brands.’
5 Peter Ingwersen: (Presenter) ‘Danish designer Peter
Ingwersen told news cameras that fashion will become
an ethical business.’
‘In the future I actually believe that we won’t see
any separations between ethical fashion and more
mainstream fashion; I think it’s all gonna be one.’
Ask students to look at the photo and unit title. Explain or elicit
the meaning of ethics, then briefly discuss the quote with the
class. What does it mean? Do they agree? Is it possible to be
good and to be competitive in business?
6.1
Ethical choices
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on a
work-related topic.
• Can understand the speaker’s point of view on most
topics delivered at natural speed and in standard
language.
• Can use language related to fashion.
• Can give detailed answers to questions in a face-toface survey.
• Can write a structured text clearly signalling main
points and supporting details.
Warm-up
Write workers, local community and customer on the
board. Then put students in pairs or small groups to discuss
the following question: What ethical behaviour should
these groups be able to expect from a company? Give
pairs 2–3 minutes to discuss, then elicit ideas around the
class (possible answers: providing safe working conditions,
keeping the environment clean for residents and wildlife,
selling goods that are ethically sourced). Ask students to
name any companies they know which have a reputation
for ethical behaviour towards any of these groups. If
there is time, this would be a good opportunity to elicit/
discuss the difference between company behaviour that is
unethical rather than illegal. Get students to suggest some
ideas that would be illegal rather than unethical for each
of the three groups (possible answers: paying staff below
minimum wage, polluting rivers, selling goods that do not
meet safety regulations).
3
6.1.1 Give students 2 minutes to read the summary
before they write the missing words. You could either play
the video again for students to complete the exercise or, with
stronger classes, ask students to guess the missing words based
on their first viewing and then play the video again for them to
check/complete their answers. Point out the word limit
(1–4 words per gap). To check answers, you could play the video
again and tell students to ask you to pause when an answer
is heard. After feedback, clarify any unknown vocabulary as
necessary (e.g. collapse, source (v), mainstream).
1 Who made my clothes? 2 2013
3 killed (over) 1,000 workers 4 (try to) brand themselves
5 Marks & Spencer 6 ethical clothing 7 students
8 tension/conflict 9 mainstream 10 solution
11 ethical business
4 Put students in pairs to discuss the questions. If your
students have access to the internet, you could get them to
research examples of ethical fashion companies online, and
then say whether they are fast fashion or designer brands.
Discuss the answers as a class.
Extra activities 6.1
Lead-in
Students discuss the concept of ethical fashion brands.
1 Put students in pairs or small groups and give them a few
minutes to discuss the questions. Check they understand
the concept of fast fashion before they begin. Then open the
discussion to the class. Encourage students to give reasons
where appropriate. You could also ask them to specify what
makes a fashion brand ethical or unethical.
Video
6.1.1 This activity provides students with extra
A
listening practice. Ask them to work individually, and give
them a minute to read through the questions and options
before playing the video. With stronger classes, you
could ask students to check if they can answer any of the
questions before watching again and then watch the video
to check/complete their answers. Check answers with the
class. With weaker classes, you could play the video again
and pause to elicit the answers.
1 c 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 a 6 b 7 c 8 c 9 a 10 b
Students watch a video on ethics in the fashion industry.
2
6.1.1 Refer students to the names in the box and
explain that these are all people who work in the fashion
industry. Ask students if they have heard of any of the people.
Give them a minute to read the questions and check they
understand impact and tension. Play the video, twice if
necessary in weaker classes, then check answers with the class.
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Teacher’s notes
Vocabulary: Business ethics
Extra activities 6.1
Students learn vocabulary related to business ethics.
5 Do this exercise quickly with the whole class. Elicit the word
(fashion). If students are struggling, play the video again. As
an optional extension, you could put students in pairs and ask
them to think of more words that collocate with fashion (e.g.
world, photography/-er, model, shoot, business). Elicit ideas
around the class, write them on the board and encourage
students to record them in their notebooks.
6 Draw students’ attention to the example and elicit the
collocations achieved if the dial moves anti-clockwise once
(business partner, human resources, stock market, mobile
phone). Tell the class that the other two dials will make
collocations connected to business ethics that they heard in
the video. Check they understand that the remaining dials will
turn a different number of times and may turn in a different
direction to the example. You may also wish to point out that
both dials can turn in either direction and still form correct
collocations (see answer key below). Put students in pairs
and give them 2 minutes to find and write the collocations in
each dial. Check answers with the class, clarifying meaning as
necessary. Point out that sweatshops in the last dial is written
as one word.
Dial 1 (left)
Turn the dial one segment in a clockwise direction or three
segments in an anti-clockwise direction.
moral approach, unethical conduct, tough conditions,
low pay
Dial 2 (right)
Turn the dial two segments in a clockwise direction or two
segments in an anti-clockwise direction.
ethically sourced, clothing brands, sweatshops,
fair-trade cotton
7 Depending on the level of your class, this exercise can
be done individually or in pairs. You could go through the
collocations in the box with students before they do the
exercise or ask them to check in their dictionaries and then
clarify meanings as necessary during class feedback.
1 look across 2 have been accused of 3 was responsible
for 4 take responsibility for 5 is aware of 6 campaign
against, have an impact on
8 Students could do this individually or in pairs, using their
dictionaries to help them if necessary. If you choose the first
option, you could get them to check answers in pairs before
class feedback. After checking answers, get students to read
the text again and ask: Do you think campaigns like this
can make companies behave more ethically? Do you think
consumers would support this type of campaign? Encourage
students to give reasons for their answers.
B Explain the activity and make sure students understand
that the first word or phrase in each group is the one the
rest of the words collocate with. Get students to do the
activity individually and let them compare answers in pairs
before checking with the class. Encourage students to
record the collocations in their notebooks.
1 factory 2 sweatshops 3 tragedy 4 approach
5 pay 6 fashion 7 being ethical
8 the environment
Project: Survey – How ethical are your
clothes?
Students conduct a survey with classmates and write up key
findings as a report.
9A Put students in pairs or small groups. Go through the
instructions and list of points with them, and clarify vocabulary
as necessary (e.g. garment, organic, vintage). Set a time limit
and get pairs/groups to prepare their questions while you
monitor and help as necessary. If students are going to circulate
individually in Exercise 9B, make sure they all write down the
survey questions at this stage so they can refer to them at the
next stage. You could also let students choose how they wish to
carry out the survey: for example, they may ask the questions
face to face, via their mobile phones or using the intranet,
depending on class size and resources.
9B Students now carry out their survey. Ask them to circulate,
in their pairs/groups or individually, and ask and answer their
questions. Remind them that they need to make notes. Again,
set a time limit and monitor and help as necessary. Note
that students discussed question 7 in the Lead-in (Exercise 1,
question 3), but after watching the video it will be interesting
to survey the entire class and report the relevant findings in
the next exercise. If short on time, you could get students to
just ask questions 6 and 7 (How often do you buy fast fashion
items? and Where were your clothes made?). Alternatively,
instead of surveying the entire class, students could ask and
answer their questions in new pairs/groups.
10 This writing task can be done in class or as homework.
Explain the task to students and point out that they do not
need to include all the data from their survey in their report –
they should identify the most important information. To
help them, you could list on the board the following useful
structures for reporting findings, and encourage students to
use them in their report: None / Very few / Some / Most of
us … , Most of the class … , Over ten percent of us … , Almost
half / Under 50 percent / Two thirds of the class … . As an
extension, students could be asked to prepare graphics (either
on computers/tablets or as hand drawings) and present their
findings to the class.
1 across 2 conditions 3 shops 4 against 5 aware
6 industry 7 of 8 for 9 ethically 10 retailers
11 responsibility 12 fair-trade 13 on
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Teacher’s notes
now going to list possible ways to measure a company’s ethical
conduct. Put students in pairs and give them 2–3 minutes to
brainstorm ideas. Get brief feedback from the class.
Model report
How ethical are our clothes?
Findings:
Possible answers
According to our class survey, we found that less than
50 percent of the class owns a garment made from fairtrade cotton, whereas about 60 percent of us often give
our clothes away to charity. Only 20 percent of us have
bought clothes made of recycled materials but almost all
of us wear leather goods, such as shoes, boots or belts.
Ethical activities could include: being transparent about
recruitment processes; being transparent about supply
chain processes and tenders or new contracts; looking
after the health and safety of employees; employing
staff based on merit rather than contacts or nepotism;
encouraging employees to use public transport or cycle
to work to help reduce carbon emissions, the greenhouse
effect and therefore the organisation’s ‘carbon footprint’;
ensuring the health and safety of customers or users as
well as staff; having an energy-saving or green energy
policy; having a ‘paperless’ policy to save on paper
and energy; using recycled paper; making sure the
company recycles responsibly both in production and
administration; sourcing raw materials locally, etc.
Regarding consumer habits, 40 percent of the class buys fast
fashion items every four months, but less than 10 percent of
the class purchases clothes once a year or less.
Finally, it is estimated that two-thirds of us are wearing
clothes that were probably made in countries such as
Bangladesh or China, although it is difficult to know
whether these clothes came from sweatshops, while
approximately 20 percent of our clothes were made in our
home country.
To conclude, most of us would prefer to be more ethical
when buying clothes, despite the current trend of
purchasing fast fashion every season.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Reading bank
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 6.1 p.144
Workbook: p.29 Exercises 1–3
6.2
2 Students could do this in the same pairs as Exercise 1 or
individually. Give them 3–4 minutes to complete the text, using
their dictionaries if necessary, then check answers with the
class. Get students to read the text again and ask: Have you
heard of the triple bottom line? Is it a useful way to measure
how ethical a company is? (For more information about the
triple bottom line, see the Business brief on page 91.)
1 framework 2 environmental 3 profits 4 financial
5 people 6 socially responsible 7 measures
8 environment
The triple bottom line
GSE learning objectives
• Can understand main points and check comprehension
by using contextual clues.
• Can recognise when examples are being given in a
structured presentation on an unfamiliar topic.
• Can describe hypothetical (counterfactual) past
results of a previous action or situation using the third
conditional.
• Can talk about possibilities in the past with precision.
Warm-up
Ask students to imagine they are on a panel to give out
awards to ethical small businesses. Put them in small
groups and ask/dictate: How will you decide whether the
companies are ethical? What will you do to research the
company? Will you have different categories for different
ethical behaviour (e.g. environmental)? What prize will you
give the winner? Give students 4–5 minutes to discuss and
then get groups to share their ideas with the class.
Lead-in
Students discuss ethical practices in business and ways to
measure a company’s ethical conduct.
1 You could introduce the activity by asking How can you
measure a successful company? Suggestions might include
looking at profits, comparing growth to competitors, etc. Go
through the instructions with students and clarify that they are
Listening
Students listen to an expert on ethics and the triple bottom
line.
3
6.01
Go through the instructions and questions with
students and before they listen, quickly elicit the three ‘P’s
again (profits, people, planet). With stronger classes, you could
encourage students to try to predict what the speaker might
say in answer to questions 1 and 2. Play the recording and get
students to compare answers in pairs before checking with the
class.
1 Profits are the easiest to measure.
2 Profits: examples include a company’s income, its costs,
growth, the taxes it pays and employees’ income.
People: the number of hours of training employees
receive, equality and diversity in the workplace, e.g. the
percentage of female workers, health and safety, and
the well-being of staff. Social measures also extend to
relationships with stakeholders: suppliers and partners,
the local community and anyone who is affected by the
company’s activities. An organisation can also show its
social integrity by organising philanthropic activities.
Planet: energy consumption, the use of natural
resources like water, waste management, carbon
emissions and the impact of a company on the
environment – its carbon footprint.
3 Different bottom lines can be connected, e.g. profits and
planet: by reducing packaging you can also reduce costs,
so that’s a measure that’s good for the environment and
good for profits.
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Teacher’s notes
Notes
A person’s or an organisation’s carbon footprint
(mentioned in audio 6.01) is the amount of carbon
dioxide that the person/organisation produces by the
things they do.
4
6.02
Explain the task and give students a minute to
read the information in the three lists. Ask them if they have
heard of any of the companies (1–3) or if they can guess the
business sector (a–c) for each one. Play the recording, then
check answers with the class.
1 c, ii 2 a, iii 3 b, i
5
6.03
Explain that students are going to listen to the
final part of the interview. Go through the points with the class
and check they understand corruption. You could ask students
to predict which ones they think Katrina will mention. Play the
recording, then check answers with the class.
points mentioned: 1, 4 and 5
6 Put students in pairs. Set a time limit of 2–3 minutes for them to
discuss the questions, then open up the discussion to the class.
sentence halves, then play the recording for them to check their
answers. You could write some of the completed sentences on
the board to help students when they do Exercise 7B.
1 d 2 c 3 a 4 b
7B At this point, you could explain or elicit that different
verb forms are used with each type of conditional sentence,
depending on whether the situation is real or imaginary and also
on whether the sentence refers to the past, present or future.
You could also remind students of the zero, first and second
conditionals: write one example sentence for each conditional
on the board, ask students to identify the conditional type and
check they remember the form and function (possible example
sentences: If I ask my boss for a raise, he always says no. If I ask
my boss for a raise, he’ll say no. If I asked my boss for a raise,
he’d say no.). Contrast these with the examples of the third
conditional in Exercise 7A. Refer students to the Grammar
reference on page 122, go over the explanations with them
and answer any questions they may have. Then do this exercise
as a whole class, checking and explaining answers as you go.
1 We use the third conditional for speculating about the
past.
2 if + Past Perfect Simple (e.g. If they had grown faster …)
3 We can use the modals could or might instead of would
when speculating about the past, when we are less sure
about the hypothetical past results.
Extra activities 6.2
A
6.02
This activity provides students with extra
listening practice. Put students in pairs and give them
a minute to read through the sentences and discuss possible
answers. Play the recording while they check. With weaker
classes, play the recording again and pause to elicit answers.
1 b 2 a 3 a 4 b 5 b 6 b 7 a 8 b
B
6.03
Ask students to do the activity individually.
Give them time to read through the sentences before
playing the recording. Get them to compare their
sentences in pairs before class feedback.
1 difficult to measure; profits
2 their homes; slowed down; climate change
3 education; working in factories
4 put a price
5 performance and sustainability
6 everyone’s interest; socially responsible
8A Students could do this individually or in pairs. Remind them
to refer to the Grammar reference on page 122 if they need
help. Check answers with the class, going over any grammar
points again if necessary.
1 wouldn’t have paid, had given
2 hadn’t taken on, wouldn’t have had
3 could have reduced, had sourced
4 might have developed, had done
5 had taken, would you have retained
6 Would we have saved, had recycled
8B If students are already in pairs, they stay with their partner
for this exercise. Otherwise, put them in pairs before they
begin. Give them 2–3 minutes to discuss the question, then
elicit answers around the class.
1 profits and people 2 people 3 profits and planet
4 people 5 people 6 profits and planet
Extra activities 6.2
Grammar: Third conditional
Students study and practise the third conditional.
7A
6.04
Before students do this exercise, briefly
explain or elicit the concept of the third conditional. Write
the following example sentence on the board: If they had
been more transparent about their finances, they would have
avoided many problems. Ask: Were they transparent? (no)
Did they avoid problems? (no) Is this a real or hypothetical
situation? (hypothetical) Does it refer to the past or the
present? (the past). Give students 1–2 minutes to match the
C Students can do this exercise individually as
consolidation. Remind them that they can use the
Grammar reference on page 122 if they need help. Monitor
and note any areas to go over again with the class. You
could get them to compare answers in pairs before
checking with the class. During feedback, use your notes
to explain anything that needs clarification.
1 a 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 b 6 a 7 b 8 b 9 b 10 b
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Teacher’s notes
Pronunciation bank
p.116: Contractions and weak forms in third
conditionals
6.3
Communication skills
Transparency in business
GSE learning objectives
Warm-up
Write the following example sentences on the
board:
We wouldn’t have missed our flight if my
colleague hadn’t insisted on taking the bus to
the airport.
If he’d listened to me, we’d have taken the train.
Underline the contractions in both sentences
(wouldn’t, hadn’t, he’d, we’d) and ask students
to say the full forms (would not, had not, he
had, we would). Refer students to the box and
go through the explanation with them. Model
the pronunciation of the contracted forms and
of the strong and weak forms of have (strong
/hæv/, weak /əv/) and drill them around the
class.
P6.01 Go through the instructions with
1
students and play the recording. Check answers with
the class.
1 We wouldn’t have /əv/ paid such a high tax
bill last year if we’d given some of our profits
to a charity for the homeless.
2 If they hadn’t taken on employees with
disabilities, they wouldn’t have /əv/ had
diversity in the workplace.
3 We could have /əv/ reduced both our
transport costs and carbon emissions if we’d
sourced all of our raw materials locally.
2 Model the sentences in Exercise 1 or let students
listen again. Then put them in pairs to practise
saying the sentences. Monitor and correct their
pronunciation as necessary.
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on a
work-related topic.
• Can recognise that a speaker is expressing concerns in a
formal discussion.
• Can justify and sustain views clearly by providing
relevant explanations and arguments.
• Can express specific concerns about a work-related
issue.
Warm-up
Write on the board: I couldn’t do business with someone
who is … and I’d prefer to do business with someone who
is … Complete each sentence with your own ideas to give
students an example, then explain that they have 1 minute
to write as many endings as possible for each sentence. Put
students in pairs to compare and discuss their ideas and
finally, elicit a few ideas around the class. If time allows,
you could also encourage pairs to summarise similarities
or differences in their sentences.
Lead-in
Students discuss transparency in business relationships.
1 Put students in pairs, explain the task and give them
1–2 minutes to read the text. Answer any questions they may
have and then let them discuss the statements in their pairs.
Encourage them to give reasons and examples. Get brief
feedback from the class.
Video
Students watch a video about transparency and its
importance in managing business relationships.
2A
Speaking
Students discuss the ethics of an organisation or company.
9 Put students in small groups. Explain the task, go through
the information in question 1 with the class and answer any
vocabulary questions they may have. If time allows and if your
students have access to the internet, you could ask them to
research their chosen organisation or company online before the
discussion. Set a time limit and get students to discuss question
1. Monitor and help as necessary. When the time is up, go
through question 2 and the examples with students. Again, set
a time limit and ask students to continue their discussion while
you monitor and help as necessary. Encourage them to use the
third conditional in their answers. You could extend the activity
by asking students to present their findings to another group.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
6.3.1 If your students watched the Unit 5 video,
ask them to give you a short summary of the situation and
the main characters’ roles. If this is the first communication
skills video for your class, briefly set up the context and/or
refer students to page 6 of the Coursebook. Go through the
instructions and questions with students, play the video and
check answers with the class.
1 Emma has heard that SendAll, the pan-Asian distributor
they recommended to EN-Tek, is having financial issues.
They are struggling with cash flow and debts, and are
looking for a business partner.
2 No, it hasn’t. She says, ‘It’s only a rumour, after all.’
3 She advises him to keep quiet – the information is just
a rumour, it might worry Sanjit unnecessarily and reflect
badly on Go Global.
4 He doesn’t feel comfortable about keeping this news
from Sanjit. He says it would feel dishonest.
Grammar reference: p.122 Third conditional
Pronunciation bank: p.116 Contractions and weak forms in third
conditionals
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 6.2 p.145
2B Put students in pairs to discuss the question. Open up the
discussion to the class and encourage students to give reasons.
Workbook: p.30 Exercises 1–3, p.31 Exercises 1–3
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Teacher’s notes
3A Explain to students that Claudio has two options: to be
indirect and not give all the information to Sanjit or to be
direct and share all the information with him. Go through the
details of Options A and B with the class and make it clear that
students can choose which option they want to see first on the
video. Put students in small groups and ask them to discuss the
two options, giving reasons for their answers. Elicit ideas from
a few students and then, as a class, decide which video to
watch first.
6.3.2
6.3.3 Give students a minute to read the
3B
questions for Option A or Option B, depending on their choice,
and play the video. If time allows, put students in the same
groups as Exercise 3A and get them to compare answers before
checking with the class. Do the same for the second video.
Option A
1 They can benefit a lot from having SendAll as more of
a strategic partner and not just their distributor.
2 He suggests waiting and hints at possible new issues
that might come to light, without offering specific
details.
3 Sanjit probes for details of the possible issues and
judging from the message he sends to Katie, he suspects
that Claudio is withholding information and he feels
suspicious/frustrated/confused.
Option B
1 He says that things are running really smoothly.
2 He is open with him and shares all the information that
he has and apologises.
3 No, he doesn’t. He thanks Claudio for being open.
4 He is obviously very stressed/worried/anxious about the
news as he calls for an emergency meeting.
4 Put students in pairs to discuss the learning points from the
video. Round up their ideas in a class discussion.
The risks of withholding information or hedging is that
others may see through this and become frustrated that
you are clearly holding something back or not being open.
This may damage trust.
The risk of being open and transparent is that you may
damage your business prospects, or even your relationships,
by communicating information which was either too early
or not meant for the recipient.
5
Reflection
Students think about their own approach to managing
business relationships and reflect on the learning points
from the video.
6 Allow students to work individually on this so that they can
reflect on their own preferences and ideas. Ask them to think
of their own answers to the questions and to make notes. Then
put them in pairs to discuss and compare their answers. Get
brief feedback from the class.
Functional language: Voicing and
responding to concerns
Students look at useful language for expressing and
responding to concerns.
7A This exercise can be done individually or in pairs. Check
that students understand voicing and responding to concerns.
You could go through the words in the box with them or ask
them to use their dictionaries to check any unknown words and
clarify meanings during feedback. Note that voicing concerns
does not need to be confrontational and that in more formal
situations, it can often open the way for a negotiation or
meeting to proceed more smoothly once the concern has been
discussed or resolved. However, it can also be useful to voice
concerns in more informal situations as many are easier to
resolve if discussed in a neutral way.
1 confirmed 2 loud 3 important 4 entirely 5 light
6 worry 7 advocate 8 thought
7B Do this as a whole class. Elicit ideas from different students
and write them on the board.
Possible answers
I’m a little concerned about …
Don’t you think that … might be an issue?
There’s a chance that … could be a problem.
It might be nothing, but there’s a chance that …
8 Put students in pairs to do the exercise. To check answers,
get pairs of students to take turns to read each question and
response aloud to the class.
1 e 2 d 3 b 4 c 5 a
6.3.4
Students should do this in the same pairs as
Exercise 4. Explain that they are going to watch the last section
of the video, where the speaker discusses the two approaches
and comments on their results. Play the video and give pairs
a few minutes to compare what is said on the video with their
answers to Exercise 4. Invite different students to share their
views with the class.
In Option A, Claudio decides not to tell Sanjit in an attempt
to avoid worrying him. He is vague, which arouses Sanjit’s
suspicions. He senses that Claudio isn’t being open and he
may develop some trust issues.
In Option B, Claudio’s transparency strengthens their
relationship, and Claudio emphasises that he isn’t worried.
However, we see that Sanjit has interpreted this news with
more concern than Claudio, and has called an emergency
meeting for the next day.
Extra activities 6.3
A Students could do this individually or in pairs. If you
choose the first option, you could get them to compare
answers in pairs before class feedback. After checking
answers, you could ask students to practise the dialogue in
their pairs.
1 It could be good to
2 it’s important to be open, so I
3 There might be some
4 To be honest, I don’t
5 it might be a better idea
6 I don’t want to worry you, but I feel
7 The information isn’t confirmed, but
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Teacher’s notes
9 Put students in pairs and go through the situations with
them. Remind them to use phrases from Exercise 7A in their
responses and give them 2–3 minutes to do the exercise. As
feedback, invite different pairs to practise the conversations,
including their suggestions.
Task
Students practise the functional language from the lesson
by roleplaying situations in which they voice and respond
to concerns.
10A Put students in pairs and go through the instructions
with them. Refer them to their role cards and explain that
they need to work individually first, to plan what they will say.
Remind them to use phrases from Exercises 7A and 8 and set a
time limit for the preparation stage. Monitor and help students
as necessary. Make sure students swap roles for each situation,
so that they have a chance to practise both persuading and
objecting.
10B In their pairs, students practise their conversations.
Again, set a time limit before they begin. Monitor during the
activity and note down any points to highlight during feedback.
If there is time and your students need more practice, you could
ask them to swap roles and roleplay the situations again.
10C Students now give each other feedback. Monitor and
note down any concerns or difficulties they had. Go through
them and the points you noted in Exercise 10B during feedback.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
video activities
Workbook: p.32 Exercise 1
6.4
Business skills
Lead-in
Students discuss selling and what makes a good salesperson.
1 Go through the questions with students. Give them
1–2 minutes to think about their answers individually first, then
put them in pairs to discuss the questions. During feedback,
elicit ideas from different students for question 3. List all
suggestions on the board. Get students to say why these
qualities are important in a good salesperson.
1 It’s essential for everyone, not just specialist salespeople.
2 Students’ own answers
3 Possible answers: relationship building; the ability
to listen (and ask questions); the ability to present
information; topic expertise is important but secondary
to emotional factors
Listening
Students listen to the owner of a company promote his
software services.
2A
6.05
Go through the instructions and questions
with students and check they understand the context. Play
the recording, twice if necessary, and get students to compare
answers in pairs before checking with the class. After feedback,
ask what they think of Luigi’s sales technique so far.
1 He asks an informal question to break the ice, ‘Hello,
having fun?’
2 He knows that Macklin Tours was set up over a year ago.
3 They provide software solutions for small and mediumsized companies.
4 better relationships and more sales
2B
6.06
Students should do this individually. Play the
recording and get them to note down their answers, then check
them with the class.
Sales and selling
GSE learning objectives
• Can identify the main reasons for and against an
argument or idea in a discussion delivered in clear
standard speech.
• Can describe objects, possessions and products in
detail, including their characteristics and special
features.
• Can clearly and concisely describe a product or a
service within their field.
1 finance tracking
2 He says it is ‘fully customisable’ and can be tailored to
suit your specific needs.
3 He says they can provide intensive onsite training to
make sure people can use the software.
4 Luigi can’t answer yet. He needs to know what precise
solution is needed and how much consulting work is
needed. However, he says that the cost is competitive.
2C Put students in pairs or small groups to discuss the
Warm-up
Put students in pairs where one is the buyer and one is
the seller. Get the seller in each pair to choose an item
in their bag or in the classroom and try to sell it to their
partner. After 2 minutes, ask students to swap roles, select
a different item and sell that to their partner. Have a
feedback session and ask: Which role was more difficult:
buying or selling? Why? Elicit or explain the difference
between soft sell (encouraging someone to buy but not
pushing) and hard sell (pressurising someone to buy). Ask:
Have you experienced either of these selling techniques?
Which do you think is more effective?
question, then open the discussion to the class. Would students
like to be in a sales situation where costs are discussed in this
way? Why? / Why not?
Possible answers
Advantages
He doesn’t give an estimated sum, which may be far off the
final cost once the client’s needs have been assessed.
He presents the product and convinces the client of how
good and necessary it is before revealing the cost.
Disadvantages
A client may not want to take it further without having
a rough idea of how much it will cost.
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Teacher’s notes
Functional language: Selling a product
or service
Students look at useful phrases for promoting a product or
service.
3A Go through the words in the box and the functions in the
table with students. Ask them to do this exercise individually
and remind them that they can use the audioscripts on page
147 to help them if necessary. Get students to check answers in
pairs before class feedback. You could go through the answers
with the class or play the recording again for students to listen
and check.
1 medium 2 expertise 3 enable 4 benefit 5 price
6 cost 7 solution 8 certain
3B Do the activity with the class, checking answers as you
go. With stronger classes or if your students have experience
in sales, you could get them to consider a–f and suggest what
sales skills the questions might be used for.
1 b 2 e 3 d 4 c 5 f 6 a
3C Put students in pairs and explain the activity. If time is
short, students could select just two or four items from the list
to sell. Make sure they understand that they need to pause
after each conversation and give each other feedback, and
remind them to use phrases from Exercises 3A and 3B. During
the activity, monitor and check students are using the phrases
correctly. As feedback, you could ask them which products or
services were the most challenging to sell. What sales skills did
they use?
Task
Students practise the functional language from the lesson by
roleplaying promoting a product or service.
4A Ask: Have you ever been to a networking event? If students
have, ask them to say what the event was like. If not, ask them
to say why these events can be useful professionally. Put
students in pairs and explain that they are going to roleplay
being a customer and salesperson at a networking event. Go
through the information with them and give them 1–2 minutes
to select their product or service.
4B Refer students to the template and give them time to
prepare the customer profile. As they will be working with
another pair in Exercise 4C, ask them to make sure they both
have copies of the information in the profile. Monitor and help
students with any vocabulary they may need. Allow
3–5 minutes for this stage.
4C Join pairs together to make groups of four. Explain the
activity and set a time limit. First, each pair should describe
their product or service, then they should swap customer
profiles. Give students time to read and/or ask questions about
each other’s customer profiles to clarify. Once groups have had
time to prepare, they split into new pairs (of one student from
each original pair) and roleplay the conversation. Encourage
them to use phrases from Exercises 3A and 3B. After a set time,
get students to swap roles and do the roleplay again.
4D Students now evaluate their conversations. They could do
this in their current pairs or in their groups of four. Have a brief
feedback session to see whether the salespeople achieved
a positive result from the conversations.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Functional
language bank
Workbook: p.32 Exercise 2
Extra activities 6.4
A This activity provides students with additional practice
in the functional language from the lesson. Get them to do
it individually and then to compare answers in pairs before
class feedback.
1 c 2 b 3 e 4 a 5 f 6 d
6.5
Writing
Company newsletter
GSE learning objectives
B Explain the activity and go over the categories in the
table with the class. Check they understand personal
conviction. Students can then do the activity individually
and compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
Alternatively, with weaker classes, you could let students
categorise the sentences in pairs, then check answers with
the class.
Introduce what your company sells: 3, 5
Explain how the product helps clients: 6
Comment on costs: 2
Show personal conviction in the product: 1, 4
• Can infer the meaning of words from context in workrelated documents or publications on unfamiliar
topics.
• Can express news and views effectively in writing and
relate to those of others.
Warm-up
Ask students: Have you ever read or written a newsletter?
Why do you think people write newsletters? Elicit ideas
around the class, then ask: Think of an organisation.
What type of information would you expect to see in
their newsletter? This could be discussed with the whole
class, eliciting ideas from different students, or you could
get students to discuss in pairs/groups first and then get
feedback from the class.
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Teacher’s notes
Lead-in
Extra activities 6.5
Students read and complete a newsletter.
1 Get students to do the activity individually and then
compare answers in pairs before class feedback. At this point,
you may wish to elicit or briefly explain the structure of the
newsletter – how the information is organised (first paragraph:
recent news and ‘hero of the month’; second paragraph:
current news – details about the programme being established
by the company and invitation to employees to participate;
third paragraph: future plans – next month’s competition and
incentive for employees).
1 for 2 of 3 with 4 to 5 into 6 in 7 for 8 in
9 for 10 for
Functional language
Students analyse a model answer and look at tenses
commonly used for the different sections of a newsletter.
2A Depending on the level of your class, students could do
this individually or in pairs. Remind students to refer to the
model answer if they need help. Check answers with the class,
clarifying any points as necessary. You may wish to point out
the importance of using the correct tenses for each of the three
sections of the newsletter. However, do not focus on grammar in
detail at this stage as students will look at tenses in Exercise 2C.
1 has formed (and) coached 2 have (just) won
3 has had 4 is 5 are (currently) establishing 6 grow
7 is going to start 8 are going to run
A Explain the activity and point out that more than
one answer may be possible in some cases. Get students
to complete the text individually and then to compare
answers in pairs before checking with the class. During
feedback, note any variations in answers on the board.
Ask: Would you be interested in an opportunity like this?
Would you prefer to apply for the building or teaching
position? Elicit a few answers around the class.
1 have been fundraising 2 have raised
3 work / are working / have been working
4 has finally received 5 are now looking
6 will be paid / are going to be paid 7 will be / are
going to be 8 comes / will come / is going to come /
is coming / will be coming 9 have worked / have
been working
Optional grammar work
The newsletter in Exercise 1 contains examples of linking
words for causes and results, so you could use it for
some optional grammar work. Refer students to the
Grammar reference on page 122 and use the exercises in
MyEnglishLab for extra grammar practice.
Pronunciation bank
p.116: Chunking, pausing and stress when
reading aloud
Warm-up
2B You could do this as a whole class, checking answers and
Read the first paragraph of the newsletter on
page 66 in a monotone, without dividing it
into chunks or using word/sentence stress. Ask
the class to say whether it was easy or difficult
to listen to and follow. Get them to suggest
ways that you could improve the delivery.
Then refer them to the information in the box
and go through it with them. Check that they
understand chunks.
clarifying meaning as you go.
Recent news
One of our new projects has been filmed for television.
We introduced a new holiday strategy two months ago.
Current news
A school is being built in South Africa.
Employees can now take advantage of extra discounts.
Future plans
Only eco-friendly products will be sold.
Staff will have extra holiday for time spent on community
work.
2C This can be done in pairs or as a whole class. You could
write the sentences on the board and invite students to
underline the verb forms, identifying the tense each time. If
necessary for your class, use this as an opportunity to help
students with any difficulties with the different tenses, their
forms and/or their uses.
Recent news
Present Perfect
Past Simple
Current news
Present Simple
Present
Continuous
can
Future plans
going to
will
1 Put students in pairs and give them 2–3 minutes to
complete the task. Encourage them to read the text
aloud so that they can hear how it sounds. Do not go
through the answers yet as students will check and
discuss them in the next exercise.
2
P6.02 Keep students in the same pairs and
explain that they will hear two versions of the text
in Exercise 1. Play the recording, twice if necessary,
while students compare with their version. Get them
to discuss the questions with their partner and then,
as a class, discuss ways that students’ versions differed
from the recorded versions. You could ask individual
students to read their version to the class.
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Teacher’s notes
Version 1
Salvador Fidalgo | is our ‘Hero of the month’ | for
his work on our local community programme. |
He has formed and coached | a football team
of local teenagers | and the youngsters have
done so well | that they have just won a regional
football competition. | Salvador says he has
had such a rewarding time | working with these
youngsters, | that he is going to start a second
team.
Version 2
Salvador Fidalgo is our ‘Hero of the month’ for his
work on our local community programme. | He
has formed and coached a football team of local
teenagers | and the youngsters have done so
well that they have just won a regional football
competition. | Salvador says he has had such
a rewarding time working with these youngsters,
that he is going to start a second team.
We are therefore working with everyone to look at ways
of improving our systems and reducing waste. We are
currently investigating more eco-friendly systems but
would also like you to put forward any ideas that you may
have to meet our environmental targets and eliminate as
much waste as possible.
As a result, we are going to have a competition, and the
people who suggest the best two ideas will win an extra
week’s holiday. We will also be putting in new lighting
systems over the next few weeks and are hoping to have
a paperless office by this time next year. But we still need
to implement other measures to ensure that we are the
most eco-friendly offices in town.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
grammar practice; Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.122 Linking words for causes and results
Pronunciation bank: p.116 Chunking, pausing and stress when
reading aloud
Workbook: p.33 Exercises 1–4
Task
Students write a newsletter.
Business workshop
3A This activity is best done in two stages. Start by putting
AFhomes, Tanzania
students in pairs and asking them to categorise the notes on
page 134. Check answers with the class. Then give pairs
1–2 minutes to decide on a title for their newsletter.
Recent news: 2, 5, 8
Current news: 3, 6
Future plans: 1, 4, 7
Possible titles: Reducing waste; Eco-friendly competition;
Waste not, use less; Targeting waste; Doing more to create
less
3B Explain the writing task and remind students to refer to
the notes on page 134. Give them plenty of time and point out
the word limit before they begin. While students are writing,
monitor and help as necessary. If time is short, this exercise can
be set for homework.
3C If students write their newsletters for homework, you could
do this exercise in the next lesson. Put students in pairs and ask
them to read each other’s newsletters and think about whether
their partner has (a) included all the necessary information and
(b) used tenses correctly.
Model answer
Doing more to create less
As we have had problems achieving our environmental
targets and reducing waste in the company, we need to
rethink our strategy. It appears that some people are still
using plastic coffee cups which cannot be recycled, and
figures show that at least 50 percent of waste paper is
not being recycled. Lights have also been left on in empty
offices and, in some, they have not even been switched off
at the end of the working day.
6
GSE learning objectives
• Can scan a long text or a set of related texts in order to
find specific information.
• Can understand most of a radio programme aimed at a
general audience.
• Can extract the main points from news items, etc. with
opinions, arguments and discussion.
• Can give the advantages and disadvantages of various
options on a topical issue.
• Can discuss options and possible actions.
Background
Students read about AFhomes, a construction company
which builds low-cost housing for cities and rural areas.
1 As a brief lead-in, you could ask students about housing in
their country/-ies: Do most people rent or buy? Are rents and
house prices affordable? Then put students in pairs and give
them time to read the background and discuss the questions.
Monitor and help students with any unknown vocabulary.
Check answers with the class.
1 a construction company, mainly low-cost housing; its
customers are people living in both cities and rural areas
2 to provide his fellow citizens with modern, well-built
homes with cheap electricity from solar panels on the
roof
3 solar panels on roof = sustainable energy, pays
employees above minimum wage, provides families with
health care and education, works with conservation
agency
4 The partnership with the conservation agency has
caused concerns about Mr Ndege’s ethical judgment.
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Teacher’s notes
Trouble ahead
Extra activities Business workshop 6
Students read articles on the ethics of AFhomes.
2A Explain to students that they are going to read two articles
about problems AFhomes is facing. Put them in two groups, A
and B, and refer them to their articles. Give them time to read
the texts and discuss the questions in their groups. Do not
check answers at this stage but monitor and provide help if
necessary. If you have a large class, you could divide the A and B
groups into smaller ‘sub-groups’ (e.g. three A groups and three
B groups), so that the discussions can be managed more easily
and everyone gets a chance to speak.
A In this activity, students look at key vocabulary from the
article on page 98. Encourage them to refer to the text to
see the words in context before they choose their answers.
Monitor and help where necessary and get students to
compare answers in pairs before checking with the class.
During feedback, clarify meanings as necessary.
1 a 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 a 6 b 7 b 8 c
B Students now do the same with the article on page
Possible answers
Article A
1 Wildlife agencies and local people are unhappy about
the Dodoma site, the fact that a conservation agency is
involved in building houses on questionable land, locals
are worried that their only water supply, the water
hole, will be destroyed, providing a new water supply
infrastructure.
2 He needs to look after the environment if he wants to
have an ethical company, providing water for wildlife
and local farmers is vital and they may try to stop the
project.
3 to build the water and sanitation infrastructure for the
offices and homes and local inhabitants
Article B
1 He says that he is going to do what he promised and that
he has found an eco-friendly solution to the elephant
problems. He says that he is doing his best to stick to his
beliefs even when there is conflict.
2 They stop the elephants walking through the fences and
they provide employment for some of the local people.
3 Farmers are unhappy that they will be charged for water
which has been free up to now.
2B Put students into A/B pairs, mixing the two groups. Explain
the activity and point out that students should use their own
words rather than read from the article. If they are struggling,
allow them to refer to the text, but they should not read from
it. After they have told each other about their articles, they
should say what, if anything, they found surprising about their
partner’s article. Ask a few students to share their responses
with the class, giving reasons.
2C Put students in small groups to discuss the question. If
136. If time allows, you could get them to select five or six
words from Exercises A and B and use each one in
a sentence. They could do this in class or as homework.
1 c 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 c 6 c
Where has AFhomes gone wrong?
Students listen to an investigative radio programme about
AFhomes.
BW 6.01 Give students time to read the notes before
3
they listen. To help them, you could tell them that they cannot
write more than two words in each gap. Play the recording,
twice if necessary, and get students to compare answers in
pairs before class feedback. After checking answers, help
students with any vocabulary questions they may have.
1 educational purposes 2 corruption 3 funding
4 transferred 5 carpenter 6 accidents 7 promised
8 involvement 9 future generations 10 practices
4 Put students in small groups. Explain that they are going to
read the AFhomes code of ethics. Ask them what information
might be found in a code of ethics (e.g. the company’s mission
and values; specific policies about ethical conduct towards
employees/customers/suppliers; the company’s broader
goals for social responsibility). Give the groups plenty of time
to read the information and before they discuss, answer any
vocabulary questions they may have. During the discussions,
monitor, helping as necessary. Invite students from different
groups to share their ideas with the class.
time allows, get them to share their ideas with another group,
then elicit ideas around the class.
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Teacher’s notes
Extra activities Business workshop 6
Task
C This activity is best done in two stages. First, put
Students hold a meeting on how to maintain the company’s
ethical reputation and prepare an action plan.
students in pairs and give them 3–4 minutes to discuss the
meaning of the principles in the box. Allow them to use
dictionaries if necessary. Check the meanings as a class,
then give pairs a few minutes to discuss the questions.
Invite a few students to share their ideas with the class.
D Explain the activity and go through the list with
students. Put them in pairs or small groups and give them
3–4 minutes to have a discussion, then invite different
students to share their ideas with the class. Alternatively, if
time is short, you could do this as a whole-class activity.
suppliers: not paying suppliers on time, demanding
they only supply you, driving prices down because
you are their only customer
employees: making them work long hours, not
following health and safety procedures, not
adhering to employee legislation, paying below
minimum wage, not allowing them to have breaks,
etc., using child labour
charity donations: giving to unscrupulous charities
who do not use the money for what they say they
will, donating to charities which are political
organisations
marketing: misleading advertisements, e.g. saying
a product is organic when it isn’t
competitor’s secrets: stealing or using confidential
information from a competitor to enhace your own
business
accounting: making the accounts look healthier
than they are, hiding sums of money given to people
as bribery
staff and customer data: not protecting customer
data, sharing it with other companies
E
BW 6.01 This activity provides students with extra
listening practice. Give them time to read the questions
before they listen, then play the recording, twice if
necessary. Check answers with the class.
5A Students should do this in the same groups as Exercise 4.
Explain that they are going to hold a meeting and go through
the instructions and options with them. Answer any questions
they may have and check they understand pull out of, deny and
allegations. Encourage groups to discuss the pros and cons of
each option and to add ideas of their own. Point out that they
can combine options or adapt them as needed. Tell them that
they should take notes or nominate a person in each group to
keep notes on the main ideas and decisions. Allow plenty of
time for the meetings.
5B Groups now share their ideas with the class, referring
to their notes if necessary. Encourage different people from
each group to speak, highlighting similarities and differences
between the ideas. As a class, they then decide on an action
plan for AFhomes. Alternatively, if time is short, students can
write the action plan for homework.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
Review
6
1 1 fashion industry 2 tough conditions 3 low pay
4 clothing brands 5 fair-trade cotton 6 ethically
sourced
2 1 of 2 for 3 against 4 of 5 on
3 1 had used 2 would have been 3 might not have had
4 hadn’t tried 5 hadn’t been 6 would/could/might
have found
4 1 for 2 confirmed 3 concerned 4 thought
5 honest
5 1 specialise 2 useful 3 enable 4 major 5 come
6 answer
6 1 d 2 a 3 e 4 c 5 b
1 his charity work and his support for the
underprivileged
2 build schools and give children an education
3 very well; they paid him well and looked after his
family
4 Because he needs the job and the money.
5 They are confident that he is behaving ethically.
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7
Time management
Unit overview
CLASSWORK
7.1
Managing time
Lead-in Students discuss different aspects of time management.
Video Students watch a video about time management.
Vocabulary Students look at vocabulary and phrases related to time management.
Project Students prepare arguments and debate for and against a proposal.
FURTHER WORK
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Reading bank
Teacher’s book: Resource
bank Photocopiable 7.1 p.146
Workbook: p.34 Exercises 1–3
7.2
Smart work
Lead-in Students talk about ways of prioritising workload.
Reading Students read an article on cutting overtime in Japan.
Grammar Students study and practise adverbials and time expressions.
Speaking Students practise adverbials and time expressions by discussing their
time management abilities.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities
Grammar reference:
p.123 Adverbials and time
expressions
Pronunciation bank: p.117
Stress in adverbials and time
expressions
Teacher’s book: Resource
bank Photocopiable 7.2 p.147
Workbook: p.35 Exercises 1–3,
p.36 Exercises 1–3
7.3
Communication
skills:
Dealing with
urgency
Lead-in Students discuss response times to emails.
Video Students watch a video about dealing with urgency and timelines.
Reflection Students think about their approach to response times and how they
can deal with urgency more effectively.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Interactive video activities
Workbook: p.37 Exercise 1
Functional Students look at useful language to discuss priorities.
language
Task Students practise the functional language from the lesson by
roleplaying follow-up telephone calls.
7.4
Lead-in Students are introduced to the four negotiating dimensions.
Listening Students listen to a meeting in which a team leader is faced with
difficulties in negotiations.
Business skills:
Difficult
negotiations
Functional Students look at useful phrases for dealing with difficulties in
language negotiations.
7.5
Writing:
An email giving
reasons
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Functional language bank
Pronunciation bank: p.117
Intonation when negotiating
Task Students practise dealing with difficulties in negotiations by
roleplaying three different scenarios.
Workbook: p.37 Exercise 2
Lead-in Students read and correct an email giving reasons and outlining
required action for a problem.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities;
Interactive grammar practice;
Writing bank
Functional Students look at useful phrases for dealing with difficulties in
language negotiations.
Task Students write an email giving reasons for missing a deadline and
outlining action required.
Grammar reference: p.124
Prepositions of time
Workbook: p.38 Exercises 1–4
Business
workshop 7
Listening Students listen to two conference calls about an upcoming trade fair.
Planning for
a trade fair
Writing Students write a summary of successful participation in a trade fair.
Task Students create a plan to exhibit at a trade fair.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s
resources: extra activities
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Teacher’s notes
Business brief
The main aim of this unit is to introduce students to the concept of time management.
Time management means allotting a given time for a certain job in order to be able to
predict how long it will take to complete a task or group of tasks. Setting goals to be
achieved within a period of time might include meetings, lunch breaks, vacations and
travel time. Time management is an effective organisational tool to maximise efficiency
and ensure that production targets and project deadlines are achieved. This allows team
leaders, individuals and corporations to identify key priorities and schedule accordingly.
A key skill in effective time management is the ability to prioritise urgent tasks. The
modern workplace is often deadline-driven and this can mean that those who shout
loudest get their tasks completed first. However, prioritisation means that tasks which
are important but non-urgent can be scheduled behind those that are important and
urgent. The working day may also require employees to make time for frequent or lengthy
meetings or complete routine administrative duties which may conflict with high-priority
tasks.
Modern technology can both help and hinder effective time management. Today people
are contactable outside work hours, which can lead to the expectation that work emails
or calls should be answered during unsociable hours, often without being paid overtime.
Some countries, such as France, instituted regulations to reduce the expectation that
workers should be contactable outside of their contracted hours. The fact that an email
inbox or answerphone is constantly registering new requests can make it easy to lose sight
of which new tasks actually need immediate attention and which can, and should, wait.
In addition, distractions such as social media and games can provide many opportunities
to waste time. However, technology also offers some powerful time management apps
and tools, including digital calendars, which enable a group of people to identify when
a particular element of a task is to be resolved, by whom and if the deadline has been
achieved.
There are a wide range of strategies to help maximise efficiency in time management.
Some of the most effective are also some of the most basic, such as checklists and to-do
lists, whether electronic or in pen and paper, which are regularly updated as tasks are
completed or added.
Time management
and your students
Pre-service students are likely to already have a concept of time management through
dealing with project, exam and homework deadlines. In-service students may need to deal
with deadlines. Both will already deal with everyday aspects of time management –
getting to appointments or meetings on time, deciding how and when to spend time
on different activities. Different cultures may not have the same concept of time; for
example, whether it is acceptable to arrive late or early, whether social interactions
should be leisurely or time-driven. In business terms, it is important to understand some
of these potential differences in order not to give or take offence when doing business
internationally.
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Teacher’s notes
Unit lead-in
2B
Elicit a brief description of the main photo and then look at
the quote with the class. Check whether students have heard
of Peter Drucker and give them 2 minutes to discuss in pairs or
small groups what they think the quote means. Do they agree?
Once students have discussed in their pairs/groups, you could
broaden this into a class discussion.
7.1
7.1.1 Play the video, twice if necessary, for students to
check their ideas. Discuss the answers with the class.
Students’ own answers, but the video gives the following
information:
a Henry Ford was one of the first to measure and manage
the amount of time spent on individual tasks, an
approach known as ‘Fordism’.
b Modern warehouse workers make use of the concept of
Fordism as they have to pick and pack goods as quickly
as possible.
c Team leaders organise schedules, allocate resources
and set goals for a team but also let the team members
decide on their own how to organise their days. An
important factor in international teams is keeping track
of time zones and knowing where everyone is and when
they can be reached.
d People who work freelance have more time as they
don’t have to commute to work but need to stay focused
on what they need to do and reach their own targets.
Managing time
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on a
work-related topic.
• Can identify the main reasons for and against an
argument or idea in a discussion delivered in clear
standard speech.
• Can use language related to the working day.
• Can bring relevant personal experiences into a
conversation to illustrate a point.
• Can justify and sustain views clearly by providing
relevant explanations and arguments.
Warm-up
3
7.1.1 With stronger classes, you could get students to
try to do the exercise first and then watch the video again to
check their answers. Otherwise, play the video first, then get
students to compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 c 2 f 3 a 4 d 5 b 6 e
Dictate the following questions or write them on the
board: When you arrange to meet with a friend, how do
you react when they are late? How do you feel when you
are late for an appointment? If you were arranging a social
gathering, would you prefer that people were early or
late? Why? Put students in small groups and get them to
discuss the questions. The aim is to highlight that people
may have differences in their opinions regarding how time
is viewed. You could then return to a business context by
asking: Would you expect a business meeting to start on
time? Why? Ask groups to contribute some of their ideas
and highlight similarities or differences in opinion.
Lead-in
Students discuss different aspects of time management.
1 Go through the questions with students, check they
understand prioritise and, for question 4, refer them to the
illustrations of the time management methods. You could give
students a few minutes to discuss in pairs or small groups first,
then discuss as a class.
Video
Students watch a video about time management.
2A Explain that students are going to watch a video about
time management in the next exercise. Go through the
questions with them and check they understand assembly line
and freelance. Put students in pairs and give them 2–4 minutes
to discuss the questions, then open up the discussion to the
class. Note any aspects that are mentioned as being unique to
each situation on the board.
4 Put students in pairs to discuss the question. After 2–3 minutes,
open the discussion to the class. To extend the activity, you could
ask students to suggest ideas about how they might resolve some
of these problems. With students who have work experience,
you could ask whether they have worked on projects with people
located in different countries. If so, how did they manage time
differences and communication on the project?
Extra activities 7.1
7.1.1 This activity provides students with extra
A
listening practice from the video. Give students a minute to
read the statements and answer any vocabulary questions
they may have. Play the video, then check answers with
the class.
1 F (Over a hundred years ago, when carmaker Henry
Ford pioneered the industrial assembly line …)
2 T (Today the Fordist concept of time management
still operates in some places. At many distribution
warehouses, for example, workers are required to
pick and pack orders at lightning speed.)
3 F (… if the team takes longer than expected, it
has an impact on the budget, and therefore the
company loses money.)
4 T (I prefer them to decide how they prioritise their
time and also to communicate to the rest of the
team on their progress and any issues they may
have.)
5 T (I use a digital calendar and I use different colours
to identify what is meeting time and what is desk
time.)
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6 F (So, for calls with Australia, Asia, India, I aim for
very early in my morning … and then calls to
America tend to happen at the end of my day.)
7 T (Certainly there are times, particularly during
busy periods, where it feels like there aren’t
enough hours in the day.)
8 F (I do have to stay focused, so my strategy tends to
be to commit myself to an hour, to see how much I
can do …)
1 out of time 2 waste time 3 at the same time
4 ahead of time 5 on time 6 overtime
7 by the time 8 make time for 9 spend time
10 at a time 11 in time
C This activity practises other collocations from the
lesson. Students should do it individually, as consolidation.
Again, you could get them to compare answers in pairs
before class feedback.
1 measure (the) time 2 waste time 3 by the time
4 digital calendars 5 at the same time
6 global projects
Vocabulary: Managing time
Students look at vocabulary and phrases related to time
management.
5 Students could do this individually or in pairs, depending on
8 Put students in pairs with someone with the same level
the level of your class. Check they understand the words in the
box before they begin or encourage them to use their dictionaries.
Check answers with the class, clarifying meanings as necessary.
of work experience (studying/pre-work or in-work). Direct
students to the statements applicable to their group. Set
a time limit for discussion, then invite different students to
share their answers with the class.
1 measure 2 set 3 maximise 4 schedule 5 allocate
6 identify 7 use 8 take
Project: The working from home debate
6 Explain that when students complete the puzzle, it will reveal
an expression in the purple boxes. Get a student to read out the
first clue and look at the example with the class. If necessary,
do question 2 as an example. Get students to complete the
puzzle individually and then to compare answers in pairs. Check
answers with the class and elicit the expression in the purple
boxes (time is money). Check students understand what the
phrases mean and encourage them to record the phrases in their
notebooks, with example sentences. Ask students to say what
they think the expression in the purple boxes means in their
own words. (Time is valuable, so it is a good idea to do things as
quickly as possible. / If you waste time, you waste money.) The
phrase is attributed to American statesman Benjamin Franklin.
2 at a time 3 at the same time 4 make time for
5 overtime 6 waste time 7 in time 8 out of time
9 spend time 10 ahead of time 11 by the time
7 This exercise practises collocations from Exercises 5 and 6,
so students should be able to do it individually. To extend the
activity, you could put students in pairs or small groups and ask
them to choose different phrases from Exercises 5 and 6 and
create a matching exercise like Exercise 7 for their partner /
another group. They then swap exercises with their partner /
another group, complete them and check each other’s answers.
1 d 2 a 3 e 4 b 5 c
Students prepare arguments and debate for and against
a proposal.
9A You could start with a brief lead-in to the project. Write the
following sentence stems on the board: It can be difficult to
work in an office because … The advantages of working in an
office are … Allow 1–2 minutes for the class to suggest ways to
compete both sentences. Then go through the instructions and
management proposal with the class. Ask: Do you think staff
will be happy with the proposal? Put students in groups and
get each group to read one of the cards, Group A or Group B. Go
through the steps they need to follow, checking they understand
the words in the box for the first step. Also refer students to the
example. Give groups plenty of time for each step while you
monitor and help as necessary. If your students need support,
you could spend some time brainstorming phrases to introduce
arguments and counter arguments and list them on the board
(e.g. It could be argued that … , Some people think that … , One
view is … ; Nevertheless … , Even so … , That’s true but … , Another
way of looking at it is …).
9B Depending on the size of your class, students could have
the debate as a whole class or in groups. Set a time limit for the
debate and encourage everyone to put forward an argument.
Explain that students should vote to reflect their real opinion
rather than the opinion on their role card. You can do the vote
as a show of hands. Alternatively, write on the board Work
from home? And ask students to write ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ on pieces of
paper. Nominate one or two students to count the votes and
announce the result. To extend the activity, or as homework,
you could ask students to write an email to management to
describe the result of the vote and summarise opinions.
Extra activities 7.1
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Reading bank
B This activity practises collocations with time from the
Workbook: p.34 Exercises 1–3
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 7.1 p.146
lesson. Get students to do it individually and compare
answers in pairs before checking with the class. With
stronger classes, you could go over the collocations in the
box as a class and then ask them to cover the box as they
complete the activity.
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7.2
3A Put students in pairs and give them 2 minutes to discuss
Smart work
ideas. Encourage them to make notes or elicit ideas around the
class and list them on the board, so students can refer to them
when they check their predictions in the next exercise.
GSE learning objectives
• Can make inferences or predictions about the content
of newspaper and magazine articles from headings,
titles or headlines.
• Can extract key details from an article on a businessrelated topic.
• Can summarise, comment on and discuss a wide range
of factual and imaginative texts.
• Can correctly place adverbs of frequency in longer
sentences.
• Can ask questions about challenges someone may be
facing in their job.
Warm-up
Put students in pairs or small groups. Ask them to list
some things they need to get done this week; they should
include work/study tasks as well as tasks they need to
complete in their own time. Write on the board: Which are
most urgent? Which will take longest? Ask students to say
how they will make sure they have enough time to get the
most important tasks done.
Lead-in
3B Ask students to read the article individually and explain
that they do not need to read the text in detail at this point;
they should scan to see if any of their ideas are mentioned.
Remind them to refer to their notes (or the list of ideas on the
board). Get brief feedback from the class.
4 Explain that students will need to read the article in more
detail this time. Get them to complete the sentences individually
and to compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 7 p.m. 2 basing it on what (how much) needs to be done
3 more efficiently 4 increase in productivity
(of 4.5 percent) 5 information sessions for staff
6 reduce the average length of the workday
5 Put students in pairs to discuss the questions. Encourage
them to give examples from their personal experience where
possible. When the pairs have finished, get feedback from the
class. If students have already completed lesson 7.1, remind
them of the phrase ‘Time is money’. Ask them to find examples
in the text, other than reducing overtime, that support the
saying (e.g. limits the time each employee may speak at status
update meetings; It’s important to reduce what needs to be
done and be aware of the time work takes; asking for ideas
about how to cut lengthy meetings).
Students talk about ways of prioritising workload.
1 Put students in pairs or small groups and go through the
instructions with them. Give pairs/groups a few minutes to
discuss. Elicit ideas from different students and focus on their
tips for question 3 – invite as many students as possible to
share their tips with the class.
2 Students should do this in the same pairs/groups as Exercise 1.
Check they understand the phrases in the box. To help them, you
could write one of the phrases on the board and discuss it as a
class before they discuss in their pairs/groups. After 3–5 minutes,
open up the discussion to the whole class.
Reading
Students read an article on cutting overtime in Japan.
Notes
Recruit Staffing Co. Ltd provides employment services. The
company was formerly known as Seeds Staff Co. Ltd and
changed its name to Recruit Staffing Co. Ltd in 1999. The
company was founded in 1987 and is based in
Tokyo, Japan.
Job information from across Japan is updated in real time.
In addition to searching for jobs, this site
(www.recruit-holdings.com) allows users to book
registration sessions and view a wide variety of training
information. Information can also be accessed from
smartphones. After registering on the site, users can
set their individual preferences, view jobs according to
search criteria and apply for job opportunities. The site
also allows users to view their pay slips, apply for career
counselling and more.
Extra activities 7.2
A This activity practises and extends key vocabulary
from the reading text. You could ask students to complete
it individually, using their dictionaries if necessary.
Alternatively, if time is short, you could do it as a quick
whole-class activity: copy the table onto the board, elicit
the correct words and write them in the gaps (or invite
students to come up and write them).
1 administrator 2 administration 3 administrative
4 announce 5 announcement 6 efficient
7 manager 8 management 9 produce
10 production 11 productivity 12 productive
13 reduce 14 reduced 15 resist 16 resistance
B This activity practises the words students looked at in
Activity A. Ask students to do it individually, then get them
to compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 efficient 2 announce 3 administration
4 resisted 5 reduction 6 produce 7 manager(s)
Grammar: Adverbials and time
expressions
Students study and practise adverbials and time expressions.
6 Explain the activity and give students a moment to look
at the diagram. Refer them to the underlined adverbials
in the article and do the exercise quickly as a whole class.
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Teacher’s notes
Then refer students to the box on the left and go through
the information with them. Ask them where they would put
‘sometimes’ on the adverbials line (under ‘occasionally’). You
could also refer them to the Grammar reference on page 123
at this point, and go through the explanations as a class.
Almost never and hardly ever are placed below ‘rarely’
and ‘seldom’ (d).
7 Again, this can be done as a whole-class activity: note meanings
1–4 on the board and get students to say which expression in
bold matches each explanation and whether it refers to the past
or the future. Alternatively, ask students to complete the exercise
individually and check answers with the class.
1 at first (past) 2 at the latest (future) 3 recently (past)
4 in a few … (future)
8 Put students in pairs. Explain the activity and check they
understand the order in which they need to do things: 1 match
the expressions with their meanings; 2 scan the article for
an expression to replace every day; 3 discuss where the four
expressions are placed in a sentence. You may wish to check
answers after each step rather than at the end of the activity.
1 c 2 a 3 b
every day = on a daily basis (lines 11–12)
All day and any day can be in mid position or at the end of
the sentence. Every day can come at the beginning or the
end of the sentence. On a daily basis usually comes at the
end of the sentence.
9 Get students to do the activity individually, then check
answers in pairs. Point out that in questions 5 and 7 they
should not change the order of the adverbials in brackets, and
that more than one answer may be possible in some sentences.
Check answers with the class. Try to elicit both/all possible
answers for questions 2–4 and 6.
1 They almost never leave the office before 7 p.m.
2 From time to time he goes to visit customers. / He goes to
visit customers from time to time.
3 Occasionally we take clients out for dinner. / We
occasionally take clients out for dinner. / We take clients
out for dinner occasionally.
4 At first, they didn’t like the idea, but now they think it is an
excellent one. / They didn’t like the idea at first, but now
they think it is an excellent one.
5 You can find me at work any day from Monday to
Thursday, but remember I don’t normally work on Fridays.
6 In a few days we should have more information. / We
should have more information in a few days.
7 Because meetings usually last about three hours, they
have recently started to look into making them shorter.
Extra activities 7.2
C–D These activities provide further practice and
consolidation of the language from this lesson. Ask
students to complete all exercises individually and
get them to compare answers in pairs before checking
with the class. Remind them that they can refer to the
Grammar reference on page 123 if they need help.
During the activities, monitor and note down any points
to highlight in feedback after Exercise D.
C 1 d 2 g 3 a 4 c 5 f 6 b 7 h 8 e
D 1 usually 2 recently 3 every day 4 always
5 Now and then 6 at first
Pronunciation bank
p.117: Stress in adverbials and time
expressions
Refer students to the explanation in the box
and go through it with them. Copy the example
onto the board, model the stress pattern and
invite a few students to repeat the sentence.
Draw students’ attention to the circles used to
illustrate the stress pattern and make sure they
understand how they work as students will
need to draw them in Exercise 1 (one big circle
for each stressed syllable; one small circle for
each unstressed syllable). If necessary, use the
following sentence to do another example with
the class, inviting a student to draw the circles
for normally on the board: Normally, we leave at
5 p.m. (Ooo)
1 Put students in pairs for this activity. Alternatively,
you could ask them to work individually first, and then
get them to compare their answers in pairs. Do not
confirm answers yet as students will check them in the
next exercise.
1 Usually (Oooo)
2 From time to time (oOoO)
3 Occasionally (oOooo)
4 In a few days (ooOO)
5 Recently (Ooo)
P7.01 Play the recording for students to check
2
their answers, then go through the answers with the
class. Invite different students to draw the circles for
each adverbial on the board.
3 Students could do this in the same pairs as Exercise 2
or in new pairs. If necessary, let them listen again
before they practise saying the sentences. During the
activity, go round monitoring and correcting students’
pronunciation as necessary.
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Teacher’s notes
Speaking
Video
Students practise adverbials and time expressions by
discussing their time management abilities.
Students watch a video about dealing with urgency and
timeliness.
10 Ask students to read the questions individually first and
2
think about their responses. Check they understand put off,
overwhelmed, crisis and judge. Then put them in pairs and
point out that in addition to questions 1–8, they should ask
follow-up questions. Monitor and check students are using
adverbials and time phrases correctly; note down any errors
to highlight during feedback. When pairs have finished, go
over any points you noted while monitoring and invite a few
students to share with the class what they have learnt about
their partner. If your class would be comfortable, an alternative
approach for this activity would be to ask students to say how
they think their partner will respond to the questions first
and then ask the questions to check, noting any surprising
information and then sharing it with the class.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
Grammar reference: p.123 Adverbials and time expressions
Pronunciation bank: p.117 Stress in adverbials and time
expressions
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 7.2 p.147
Workbook: p.35 Exercises 1–3, p.36 Exercises 1–3
7.3
Communication skills
Dealing with urgency
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on a
work-related topic.
• Can recognise that a speaker is expressing concerns in a
formal discussion.
• Can bring relevant personal experiences into a
conversation to illustrate a point.
• Can ask for a detailed update on a work-related project.
Warm-up
Discuss the following questions as a class, eliciting answers
from different students: How quickly do you usually
respond to emails, texts and messages? When you send an
email or message, do you expect a quick reply? How long
would you wait before sending a follow-up message?
Lead-in
Students discuss response times to emails.
1A Put students in pairs and give them 3–4 minutes to discuss
the questions. Get brief feedback from the class.
1B Keep students in the same pairs and give them 3–4 minutes
to think about their responses. Get brief feedback from the
class, asking how the original writer might respond to some of
the comments. You could also ask students to suggest issues
that might occur with times when people are working in
international teams.
7.3.1 If your students watched the Unit 6 video, ask
them to give you a short summary of the situation and the
main characters’ roles. If this is the first communication skills
video for your class, briefly set up the context and/or refer
students to page 6 of the Coursebook. Encourage students to
make notes in answer to the questions while watching, and
play the video. You could get students to compare answers in
pairs before discussing them with the class.
1 Sanjit has found out that their distributor has expanded
too quickly and is now in financial trouble.
2 He’s surprised that he hasn't had a response from Emma
yet when it’s obvious that the situation is urgent.
3 She suggests that (a) he should trust that Emma has read
the mail, sees the urgency and will get back to him as
soon as she can, (b) he should push Emma for a response
and be clear about his (Sanjit’s) expectations for a timely
response, or (c) he should go over Emma’s head and go
directly to Claudio to both get clarification on the issue
and to complain about the lack of a timely response
from Emma (though this would need to be handled
sensitively).
3A Explain to students that Sanjit has two options when he
follows up with Emma and go through the details of Options
A and B with the class. Make it clear that students can choose
which option they want to see first on the video. Put students
in small groups and ask them to discuss the two options, giving
reasons for their answers. Elicit ideas from a few students and
then, as a class, decide which video to watch first.
7.3.2
7.3.3 Give students a minute to read the
3B
questions for Option A or Option B, depending on their choice,
and play the video. If time allows, put students in the same
groups as Exercise 3A and get them to compare answers before
checking with the class. Do the same for the second video.
Option A
1 She suggests an email as it is less imposing than a phone
call and may be perceived as less pushy.
2 Go Global may have different or other information than
they have and don’t think the issue is urgent.
3 She responds almost immediately by email to say all is
OK and she’ll reply tomorrow. So, it perhaps shows
a level of respect for Sanjit’s urgency.
Option B
1 within a few hours of his email; because it’s really urgent
2 She seems surprised as he only sent the email yesterday
afternoon. She says she hasn’t had time to go through it
in detail because she’s juggling a lot of work. She says she
isn’t ignoring him, she’s just busy.
3 Emma doesn’t directly answer his questions about
SendAll and looking for another distributor, but in the end
he gets reassurance that everything is fine and that there
is no need to worry. Emma also commits to responding by
tomorrow morning.
4 Sanjit is frustrated as he feels Emma is not assigning
an appropriate level of urgency to the situation. Emma
is frustrated because Sanjit calls at a bad time and is
only focused on his own concerns without appreciating
Emma’s workload. She also gives the impression that she
doesn’t see the problem as being as serious as Sanjit does.
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4 Put students in small groups and give them 3–4 minutes to
Extra activities 7.3
5
A This exercise practises functional language from the
lesson. It is a consolidation exercise, so you may prefer
students to do it individually and compare answers in pairs
before class feedback.
brainstorm ideas. Encourage them to make notes. Get feedback
from the class and if possible, list students’ tips on the board so
they can refer to them when they do Exercise 5.
7.3.4 Students should do this in the same groups as
Exercise 4. Explain that they are going to watch the last section
of the video, where the speaker gives tips for dealing with
urgency and timeliness. Play the video and give students
3–4 minutes to discuss. Get feedback from the class and ask if
any students use the strategies mentioned in the video. Invite
individual students to share their opinions with the class.
Like Sanjit and Emma, people have different opinions on
how quick a response to an urgent issue should be and
of what ‘urgent’ actually means. To improve clarity and
understanding:
1 Write the word urgent in the subject line and mark the
mail with high priority as a sending option. Also indicate
by when you need or expect a response.
2 When receiving such emails, quickly acknowledge that
you have received the mail, even if you’re busy, and
indicate when the sender can expect a response.
3 Follow up quickly, from either side, if the response date
is missed. Focus on the information needed and not
specifically on the delay or reasons for it.
Reflection
Students think about their approach to response times and
how they can deal with urgency more effectively.
6 Allow students to work individually on this so that they can
reflect on their own preferences and ideas. Then put them in pairs
to discuss their answers. As feedback, elicit ideas from different
students for each question and encourage brief class discussion.
Functional language: Discussing priorities
Students look at useful language to discuss priorities.
7A Ask students to complete this exercise individually, using
a dictionary if necessary, and get them to compare answers in
pairs before checking with the class. During feedback, clarify
meanings as necessary and encourage students to record the
phrases in their notebooks.
1 prioritise 2 response 3 information 4 sorry
5 overloaded 6 respond
7B Do this as a quick whole-class activity.
1 Defining priorities 2 Responding 3 Requesting an
update: high priority 4 Defining priorities
1 d 2 a 3 e 4 c 5 g 6 f 7 h 8 b
Task
Students practise the functional language from the lesson by
roleplaying follow-up telephone calls.
9A Put students in pairs but clarify that they should work
individually for this stage. Explain the activity, making it clear to
students that they will be roleplaying two different calls. Refer
them to the scenarios on pages 129 and 132 and give them
time to read the information. Remind them that they should
use phrases from Exercises 7A and 7B and set a time limit.
During the activity, monitor and help as necessary.
9B In their pairs, students first look at the scenarios again
and check if there are any details they could add to make the
situations more realistic for them. Allow 2–3 minutes for this,
then ask students to roleplay their calls. If possible, ask them to
record their conversations – they can use their recordings when
they do Exercise 9C. During the roleplays, monitor and note
down any errors in the use of the functional language phrases
to highlight during feedback, but do not interrupt the calls.
9C Students discuss the questions in their pairs, using their
recordings if they have them. Allow 3–5 minutes for this, then
get feedback from the class and also highlight any points you
noted during Exercise 9B.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
video activities
Workbook: p.37 Exercise 1
7.4
Business skills
Difficult negotiations
GSE learning objectives
• Can recognise indirect disagreement expressed
through modifiers used during a negotiation.
• Can propose action to be taken to resolve a conflict in a
simple negotiation using fixed expressions.
• Can understand factual details in work-related emails.
Warm-up
8 Explain that students will roleplay telephone conversations
to follow up on business communications. Put them in pairs and
read through the scenarios with them. Ask them to think about
how they would respond as the person making and taking the
call, and encourage them to use phrases from Exercises 7A and
7B. Students could roleplay the calls by sitting back to back.
After the roleplays, briefly discuss the calls with the class and
ask students whether they found it easier to be the person
making or taking the call.
Ask students to think of a negotiation they have had
recently; it can be in a work/study or free-time situation.
Put them in pairs and ask: Did the negotiation go the way
you planned? Were there any difficulties? Invite brief
feedback from the class. Ask students to suggest some
things they would find difficult in a negotiation. How
would they deal with some of the problems?
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Lead-in
Students are introduced to the four negotiating dimensions.
1 Put students in pairs. Go through the instructions and
text with them, check they understand dimensions and give
them 3–4 minutes to discuss in their pairs. Monitor and note
down any interesting points or comments. Then open up the
discussion to the whole class, highlighting any points you
noted while monitoring.
Notes
Question 1
What is important in any answer to this question is
that students have considered the options and can give
reasons to support their choices. The idea here is to
identify risks of forgetting one of the four dimensions in
your preparation.
Question 2
It is important to note here that when we experience
others as being difficult, it may just be our subjective
perception and not a universal truth because their
thinking and ours are not aligned or because the other
person feels their views and preferences are not being
taken into consideration.
Question 3
What is important here is to get students reflecting
on how and when others may perceive them as being
difficult. Ideally, they will draw on the answer from
question 2 and start thinking about also applying it
themselves, realising that they too can be seen as being
‘difficult’.
Listening
Students listen to a meeting in which a team leader is faced
with difficulties in negotiations.
2A
7.01
Explain that students are going to hear the
first part of a negotiation where the team leader needs to
talk about a difficult topic. Give them a moment to read the
questions and point out that there are no right or wrong
answers to questions 3 and 4, but students should support
their answers with reasons. Play the recording, then check
answers with the class. Note that question 4 is a lead-in
question for the next sections of the lesson and so it is probably
best to elicit students’ own ideas but not give them a specific
answer at this point.
1 The project is behind schedule. Haruki wants Javier in
Japan to support the local team and make sure they
finish their part of the project on time. He later adds that
Javier’s expertise is the most relevant.
2 No, he doesn’t and he says it’s too short notice.
3 Possible answers: There are a number of things Javier
does (or doesn’t do) which could be interpreted as
‘difficult’: he uses negative/confrontational language
and tone; he doesn’t acknowledge the point Haruki
makes about expertise; he doesn’t engage in dialogue
or try to understand if and where Haruki’s flexibility may
lie; he doesn’t ask any questions, like how long Haruki
wants him to go for.
4 Students’ own answers (see Notes above)
7.02 Explain that you are going to play the next
2B
part of the conversation. Give students a moment to read
the questions. Ask: Do you think the conversation will go
well? What do you think will happen? Elicit ideas from a few
students. Play the recording, then check answers with the class.
1 because he feels that Haruki has already made his
decision
2 time differences
3 Yes, they do. Haruki says, ‘We’re both on the same
wavelength about their experience.’
4 two weddings and his father’s 60th birthday
5 that he doesn’t speak Japanese
7.03 Tell students that they are going to hear the final
2C
part of the conversation. You could ask them to predict the
answers before listening and then play the recording for them
to check. After checking answers with the class, ask: Do you
think that Haruki managed the conversation well?
1 d 2 a 3 b 4 c
3 You could copy the tips onto the board and do this as
a whole-class activity. Alternatively, ask students to do it
individually. After checking answers, ask the class if they can
suggest any other tips for managing difficulties in negotiations.
Have they ever used any of these strategies?
1 take 2 check 3 set, process 4 remain
Haruki did all of them.
Functional language: Dealing with
difficulties in negotiations
Students look at useful phrases for dealing with difficulties
in negotiations.
4A Read through the categories with the class and check
they understand acknowledge. Give students 1–2 minutes to
read the extracts from the recordings. You could ask them to
complete the exercise individually and then compare answers
in pairs before class feedback. Alternatively, if time is short, do
the exercise with the whole class, checking answers as you go.
Clarify any vocabulary as necessary.
a 2, 4 b 1, 3 c 6, 8 d 5, 9 e 7, 10
4B Ask students if they find dealing with confrontation
difficult. What strategies do they use? Give them a minute to
read the statements and point out the suggested strategies
in brackets. Nominate two students to read out the example
statement and response. Can students think of any other
responses? Ask students to complete the rest of the exercise
individually or, in weaker classes, in pairs. When checking
answers, you could nominate pairs of students to read out the
statements and responses. With stronger classes, you could
ask students to suggest other strategies (in addition to those
suggested in brackets) and/or different responses.
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Teacher’s notes
Task
Possible answers
2 I understand your position, but we’re all going to have to
go the extra mile to make the deadline.
3 I can understand that will be a long time for you. How
long could you go for?
4 How about if we think of some way of innovating?
5 In other words, you do think it might work some other
way?
6 So what you’re saying is, you don’t like it. Can you tell me
specifically what you don’t like about the idea?
Students practise dealing with difficulties in negotiations by
roleplaying three different scenarios.
5A Put students in groups of three. Explain the task and give
students time to read the scenarios. Point out that there will
be three different discussions, each between two students.
The third student will be the observer. Make sure students
understand that they will be rotating roles and that they are
clear about their roles for each scenario (refer them to the
information in brackets in the scenarios).
5B Refer students to their role cards and give them time
Extra activities 7.4
A Get students to do the exercise individually and
compare answers in pairs before checking with the class.
With stronger classes, you could ask students to cover the
box and see how many of the gaps they can complete on
their own.
1 understand 2 mean 3 look 4 know 5 think
6 take 7 opinion 8 explain 9 have 10 agree
B Still working individually, students match the sentences
to the strategies. If they need more support, you could
refer them back to Exercise 4A on page 75.
a 2, 8 b 4, 10 c 1, 7 d 3, 5 e 6, 9
Pronunciation bank
p.117: Intonation when negotiating
to read the information. Remind them that they should use
phrases from Exercises 4A and 4B and point out that the
observer needs to make notes on two things while listening:
(a) how the discussion is managed and (b) which functional
language phrases are used. Allow plenty of time for students to
prepare while you monitor and help as necessary.
5C Before students begin, make sure they understand that
they need to pause between roleplays to discuss the questions.
Set a time limit for each roleplay and for each discussion.
Monitor and note down any points to highlight during
feedback but do not interrupt the roleplays or the discussions.
Allow plenty of time for class feedback: ask students how
the negotiations went. How were they managed? What
functional phrases did students use? What did they find most
challenging? Invite the observers to share with the class any
points they noted while listening and highlight any points you
noted while monitoring.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Functional
language bank
Pronunciation bank: p.117 Intonation when negotiating
Workbook: p.37 Exercise 2
Say the example sentence from the box twice:
the first time use no intonation and the second
use a wide voice range as shown in the box.
Ask students which version they think sounds
more helpful and cooperative. Elicit opinions
from different students. Point out that intonation
can be important to show cooperation in
negotiations. Refer students to the explanation
in the box and drill the intonation shown in
the example.
P7.02 Do this as a quick whole-class activity.
1
Explain that students need to listen for the version
which makes the speaker sound more cooperative and
willing to negotiate. Play the recording, pausing after
each sentence and eliciting the answer.
The second versions sound more cooperative and
willing to negotiate.
2
P7.03 Play the recording for students to listen
and repeat.
3 Put students in pairs and give them 3–4 minutes
to write their sentences. Monitor and check their
sentences are correct before they practise saying
them to each other. Then give students 2–3 minutes to
practise saying their sentences while you monitor and
correct their intonation as necessary.
7.5
Writing
An email giving reasons
GSE learning objectives
• Can infer the meaning of words from context in workrelated documents on familiar topics.
• Can write a brief standard report conveying factual
information, stating reasons for actions.
• Can support a main idea with examples and reasons.
• Can use a range of prepositions of time, such as before,
during, since, till/until.
Warm-up
Write the following questions on the board: 1 Have you
ever had to write an email to someone explaining why you
couldn’t meet a deadline? What was the response? 2 Why
is it important to tell people when you are behind with
work? Put students in pairs or small groups and give them
3–4 minutes to discuss the questions. Get brief feedback
from the class.
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Teacher’s notes
Lead-in
Students read and correct an email giving reasons and
outlining required action for a problem.
1 Ask students to do the exercise individually and then
compare answers in pairs before class feedback. After checking
answers, you could get students to read the email again and
ask them a few check questions: What’s the problem? (An
electrical failure has resulted in possible schedule delays.) What
solution is suggested? (changing location to complete filming)
What difference will the location changes make? (background
scenery won’t be exactly as planned) If the changes are
acceptable, when will the video be ready? (by next Friday).
1 which 2 in 3 of 4 not 5 for 6 on 7 will 8 it
9 very 10 have 11 at
Functional language
Students look at useful phrases for introducing, giving
reasons and outlining required action for a problem.
2A Ask students to complete the table individually, using the
email in Exercise 1 to help them if necessary. Check answers
with the class and go through the phrases in the table with
them. Check that students understand the phrases. You could
point out or elicit the formal register and apologetic tone.
1 sorry 2 hit 3 Unfortunately 4 unforeseen 5 efforts
6 arisen 7 failure 8 because 9 caused 10 main
11 therefore 12 latest 13 re-assess 14 solve
Extra activities 7.5
A This activity practises the functional language from the
lesson. It is a consolidation exercise, so it would be better
for students to do it individually. Check answers with the
class.
1 circumstances 2 hit 3 meet 4 reason
5 major 6 because 7 propose 8 solve
9 re-assess 10 inconvenience
Optional grammar work
The email in Exercise 1 contains examples of prepositions
of time, so you could use it for some optional grammar
work. Refer students to the Grammar reference on page
124 and use the exercises in MyEnglishLab for extra
grammar practice.
sentences. Monitor and check/correct students’ sentences as
necessary. If time allows, invite a few students to share some
of their sentences with the class. With weaker classes, you may
wish to do an example with the class after checking answers
to the matching task. With stronger classes, you could ask
students to work individually.
1 c, iv 2 d, i 3 b, iii 4 a, ii
Possible answers
Unfortunately, we are unable to pay you on time due to
a delay in payment from one of our customers. We are
chasing this customer for payment and assure you that we
will pay your invoice within two weeks.
I am sorry to inform you that the work won’t be completed
on time because of an accident. We would therefore like to
ask you for a short extension of a week to complete the job.
Unexpected problems have affected our sales figures
dramatically. We have received some bad publicity due to
faulty products. We are therefore issuing a product recall
and are planning a new marketing campaign to repair the
brand image.
Despite our best efforts, we are unable to complete your
order at the moment. The problem is that we do not have
enough items in stock. However, we are trying to source
the items from other suppliers for you.
3B Ask students to turn to page 129 and give them time to
read the notes. Explain the task and let students ask you any
questions they may have. Tell them that they can use the
model answer in Exercise 1 to help them, and that they should
include phrases from Exercise 2 in their email. Also remind
them how they need to organise the information in their email
(introduce the problem ➞ give reasons ➞ outline suitable
action). Set a time limit and while students are writing, monitor
and help as necessary. If time is short, the writing task can be
set for homework.
3C If students write their email for homework, you could do
this exercise in the next lesson. Put students in pairs and ask
them to read each other’s emails and think about the question.
You may wish to list the points they need to check on the board:
• problems presented clearly?
• reasons given?
• suitable action outlined?
You could also ask students to check the following: Did their
partner use phrases from Exercise 2? If yes, how many? Did they
use them correctly? Did they use the right register? Students
could then rewrite their emails taking in their partner’s
feedback.
Model answer
From: Project Manager
To: Production Director
Task
Subject: Unexpected problem
Students write an email giving reasons for missing a deadline
and outlining action required.
I’m really sorry to tell you that an unexpected problem has
arisen with the equipment we ordered for the new factory.
3A Put students in pairs, refer them to the information on
page 130 and answer any questions they may have. Check
the answers to the matching task before students write
their sentences. Remind pairs to use phrases from the table
in Exercise 2 and allow them plenty of time to write their
Hi Sofia,
The main reason for this problem is that the supplier we
chose has gone bankrupt. I received a letter this morning
informing me of this. As a result, we won’t receive our
order. Unfortunately, this leaves us in a very difficult
situation because we do not have the machines we need.
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Teacher’s notes
Consequently, if we do not get the equipment, the factory
opening will be seriously delayed, which we cannot afford.
There is also a problem with the fact that we paid a deposit
to the supplier when we ordered the equipment and it is
unlikely that we will ever get it back.
I therefore propose that I investigate alternative suppliers
and see if anyone can supply the equipment as soon as
possible at a reasonable cost. Unfortunately, we will
probably have to pay more for other equipment. I’ll have
information about the costs, delivery times and equipment
specifications on your desk by the end of the week.
Hopefully we can then make a decision and re-assess our
schedule if necessary.
Conference calls
Students listen to conference calls about an upcoming
trade fair.
BW 7.01 Ask students if they have ever taken part in
2
a conference call. How did it go? Was it easy to understand
everyone? Were there any problems? Explain that they are
going to listen to a conference call at Khilauna, Inc. and go
through the instructions with them. Also refer them to the
photos and explain that they show the three people that will
be taking part in the conference call. Give students a minute to
read the notes, then play the recording. With weaker classes,
you may need to pause after each answer is heard to give
students time to write their answers, and/or play the recording
a second time.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
grammar practice; Writing bank
1 Games and toys for all 2 Tuesday 3 Friday 4 four
5 five 6 Monday 7 Saturday 8 five 9 seven
10 tomorrow morning / the next morning
Grammar reference: p.124 Prepositions of time
Workbook: p.38 Exercises 1–4
Business workshop
3A Explain the activity and ask students to complete it
7
individually. Get them to compare answers in pairs, then elicit
a few ideas from students but do not confirm answers yet;
students will check them in the next exercise.
Planning for a trade fair
BW 7.02 Play the recording for students to check their
3B
predictions from Exercise 3A, then check answers with the class.
GSE learning objectives
• Can understand in detail work-related phone
messages.
• Can recommend a course of action, giving reasons.
• Can discuss details of a work-related task (e.g.
deadlines, specifications).
• Can write an effective and informative summary.
Background
Students read about Khilauna, Inc., a toy manufacturer in
India.
1 Put students in pairs and give them time to read the
background and discuss the questions. Check answers with the
class and clarify any unknown vocabulary.
1 It is a toy manufacturer. It produces fun and innovative
toys for children. Its product range includes educational
and musical toys and toys for outdoors.
2 It is planning for its participation at one of the most
important toy trade fairs in Asia, which will be held in
Hong Kong. It wants to guarantee its place in retail shops
and chains.
3 Students’ own answers
Notes
Khilauna means ‘toy’ in Hindi. There are a number
of Indian companies producing toys of all sorts sold
around the world. There are also industrial areas set
aside for factories as mentioned in the background
information. One of the most important trade fairs in
Asia is held every year in Hong Kong.
1 Varinder 2 Aarav 3 Divya 4 Aarav 5 Divya
6 Varinder
3C
BW 7.02 You could ask students to try to answer the
questions before listening again, then play the recording for them
to check/complete their answers. Check answers with the class.
Divya: have contracts prepared and brought along; put
together lists of retail chains who will be at the fair
Varinder: invite buyers to the stand, organise a raffle,
vouchers, an event and some catering
Extra activities Business workshop 7
A This activity practises key vocabulary from the
recordings. Ask students to do it individually, using
their dictionaries to look up any unknown words. Check
answers with the class, clarifying meanings as necessary.
Encourage students to record the vocabulary in their
notebooks, with example sentences.
1 e 2 f 3 b 4 g 5 j 6 h 7 d 8 a 9 c 10 i
Prioritising tasks
Students listen to answerphone messages and note the
problems and action required.
BW 7.03 Explain that students are going to hear seven
4
answerphone messages Rahul received after the conference
call. Play the recording, twice if necessary, and get students
to compare their notes in pairs. With weaker classes, you may
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Teacher’s notes
need to pause the recording after each message to allow
students enough time to complete their notes. Check answers
with the class, making sure students complete/correct their
notes as they will need them for the next exercise. You could
also write the answers on the board in note form for students
to refer to during Exercise 5.
1 Divya: wants to know plans for kick-off meeting and daily
meetings in Hong Kong
2 Aarav: he isn’t happy with the sales contracts Divya wants
to prepare and says she keeps bothering his staff
3 Divya: contracts aren’t finished and Aarav is being difficult –
wants Rahul to do something
4 Varinder: needs the client list in order to send out tickets;
wants to check if they’re giving out vouchers, if the website
has been updated and if a decision was made about the
raffle; has heard the stand will be small, which affects
catering; wants Rahul to tell her what to do and says it’s
urgent
5 Varinder: not enough single rooms at hotel – wants to
know if she should start looking for another hotel
6 Aarav: courier company doesn’t have correct paperwork to
get into conference centre – needs to know who to phone
7 Divya: flight has been cancelled – needs to know if she can
rebook another flight or if she has to contact the travel
department; says it’s really urgent
5 Put students in pairs and go through the instructions with
them. Explain what a matrix is (see Notes below) and tell them
that the table here includes the main information that would
usually be found in one. Remind students to refer to their notes
or the notes on the board to prioritise the messages. Get them
to use notebooks or give them paper to copy the grid on a
larger scale so that they can fit in the information. Point out
that there is no need to classify the tasks in boxes 3 and 4:
box 3 is mainly for tasks that could be carried out by other
people rather than yourself, and box 4 is for tasks which are not
important and not urgent and so do not require action.
Notes
The information shown in the table is a variation on
a way of organising and prioritising information
referred to as the Eisenhower matrix (named after the
former president of the USA) or the Urgent-important
matrix. The quadrants in the table indicate tasks that
should be prioritised in the following way:
1 are important and need to be done first or the same
day.
2 are important but not as urgent and should be
scheduled or put into a calendar.
3 although urgent, these are less important for you and
could be delegated to others.
4 are neither urgent nor important and do not require
action.
As opposed to a to-do list, which simply lists tasks that
need to be completed, this type of matrix allows the
user to differentiate activities which are both important
and genuinely require urgent action as opposed to
those which can be deferred. As a result, it is easier to
identify which tasks should be focused on immediately
and which are longer-term goals.
Extra activities Business workshop 7
B This exercise practises key vocabulary from the lesson.
Ask students to do it individually, then get them to
compare answers in pairs before checking with the class.
During feedback, clarify meanings as necessary.
1 prioritise 2 categorising 3 matrix 4 cut
5 estimate 6 complicated 7 deadlines
8 interruptions 9 multi-tasking
Task
Students create a plan to exhibit at a trade fair.
6A Put students in small groups and explain that they are
going to create a plan to exhibit at a trade fair. Explain the
activity and give students time to read the advert and answer
the questions.
1 It is sponsored by the Alliance of Industrial Partners to
encourage new ideas and innovation.
2 150
3 Send in your application by 10 January and describe
your product or idea as clearly as possible.
4 by 8 February
6B Go through the instructions with students and make sure
they understand the scenario: they are going to take part in
the trade fair they read about in Exercise 6A, presenting
a time management app. They need to work on a two-month
timetable for the tasks listed. They need to discuss the
various tasks, prioritise them, put together their to-do lists
and then work through the time management tips given in
Exercise 5 to produce their timetable. Give students 2 minutes
to read through the list of tasks and let them ask you any
questions they may have. Set a time limit and ask them to
begin. Encourage them to use computers or other devices to
construct the timetable or provide paper and coloured pens to
allow colour-coding. During the activity, monitor and help as
necessary. When groups have finished, get feedback from the
class. Did students use the tips in Exercise 5 to prioritise the
tasks? Were there any difficulties? If time allows, you could ask
groups to present their timetables to the class.
Writing
Students write a summary of successful participation in
a trade fair.
7 This exercise can be done in class or for homework. Explain
the scenario and writing task to students: the trade fair was
a success and they have been asked to write a summary for
colleagues wishing to take part in the fair in the future. They
need to explain how they set up a realistic timetable which
enabled them to complete a major task and its subtasks
successfully. You may wish to let students discuss in their groups
from Exercise 6 first, and then ask them to plan their summaries
individually. If students write their summaries in class, you could
encourage some peer feedback afterwards: put them in pairs
with someone who worked in a different group in Exercise 6
and get them to (a) suggest improvements for their partner’s
summary and (b) identify differences in the approach to
prioritising between their own group and their partner’s group.
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Teacher’s notes
Model answer
At the beginning of February we were notified that we had
a place at the fair. We then began to decide on our overall
goals and the subtask: the message we wanted to get
across. The second step was designing our stand, including
two subtasks: finding someone to build it and choosing
its location. In step three, we decided who was going and
booked flights and hotels. These tasks were finished by the
end of February.
In March, we got the list of participants and in step four,
we decided who to contact and began to email them to
set up a timetable of meetings. Subtask one was designing
business cards and finding a print shop. In subtask two,
we also designed and printed posters, and subtask three
was about our use of social media. In our last step, we
purchased the supplies we needed for the stand.
Review
7
1 1 allocate 2 priorities 3 goals 4 schedule
5 maximise 6 break
2 1 for 2 ahead 3 out 4 wasted 5 on 6 spend
7 at
3 1 all day 2 latest 3 a daily basis 4 never 5 rarely
6 occasionally 7 usually 8 any day 9 time to time
4 1 overloaded 2 prioritise 3 priority 4 deadline
5 response 6 feedback 7 update
5 1 e 2c 3d 4b 5a
6 1 sorry 2 due 3 hit 4 Despite 5 efforts 6 caused
7 failure 8 therefore 9 solve 10 re-assess
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
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8
Change
Unit overview
CLASSWORK
8.1
Change at
Brompton Bikes
FURTHER WORK
Lead-in Students discuss their views on change in the workplace.
Video Students watch a video about introducing and managing
change in the workplace.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources
extra activities; Reading bank
Vocabulary Students look at vocabulary related to change management.
Teacher’s book: Resource bank
Photocopiable 8.1 p.148
Project Students do a quiz to find out how adaptable they are.
Workbook: p.39 Exercises 1–3
Lead-in Students discuss changes at different life stages and their own
attitude to change.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
Listening Students listen to someone talking about changes in their life
and their reactions to these changes.
Grammar reference: p.124 Reported
speech and reporting verbs
Grammar Students study and practise reported speech and reporting
verbs.
Pronunciation bank: p.117 /s/, /z/,
/ʃ/, /tʃ/ and /dʒ/
8.2
Managing
change
Speaking Students talk and write about major changes in their lives.
and writing
Teacher’s book: Resource bank
Photocopiable 8.2 p.149
Workbook: p.40 Exercises 1–3,
p.41 Exercises 1–3
8.3
Lead-in Students discuss the function of coaching and mentoring.
Video Students watch a video about different approaches to
supporting colleagues.
Communication
skills: Coaching
Reflection Students reflect on the main points and conclusions from
the video and discuss their own approach to coaching and
mentoring.
and mentoring
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Interactive video
activities
Workbook: p.42 Exercise 1
Functional Students look at useful language for coaching and mentoring.
language
Task Students practise offering support to colleagues using
a mentoring or coaching approach.
8.4
Business skills:
Brainstorming
Lead-in Students discuss brainstorming.
Listening Students listen to a brainstorming meeting.
Functional Students look at useful language for leading brainstorming
language sessions.
Task Students take part in a brainstorming session.
8.5
Writing: Press
release
Lead-in Students read a press release and practise checking written
work for mistakes.
Functional Students look at useful language for press releases.
language
Task Students write a press release.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Functional language
bank
Pronunciation bank: p.117 Voice
range
Workbook: p.42 Exercise 2
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities; Interactive grammar
practice; Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.125 Passive
voice with reporting verbs
Workbook: p.43 Exercises 1–3
Business
workshop 8
Chillhot Sauces,
Malaysia
Reading Students read an article about tyre manufacturer Michelin and
changes that were made to the way the company is run.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources:
extra activities
Reading and Students read a text and listen to a conversation about the
listening reaction of Chillhot Sauces employees to news about the
company.
Task Students roleplay a meeting to discuss rumours about
a company.
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Teacher’s notes
Business brief
The main aim of this unit is to introduce the concept of change in the workplace and in
professional life.
Change is inevitable, both in the context of life and business. Most workers can expect to
experience a number of changes during their career. Often the stage in life reflects some
of the changes that may be experienced; for example, changing university to study for
professional qualifications may happen early in a career whereas retirement would be
later. In the middle, employees might encounter promotion, redundancy, retraining and
relocation.
Businesses also evolve and change in order to keep growing. Generally, the aim of many
changes within an organisation will be to cut costs, move location or improve efficiency. It
may be necessary to weigh up both benefits and risks for the organisation, customers and
employees.
Any successful change requires good communication before implementation. Staff need
to be consulted about plans for change as they may be apprehensive. It can therefore
help morale to be given the opportunity to ask questions about why, how and when
this change will occur and how it will affect them – for example, where roles might be
amalgamated or disappear altogether.
During times of change, an organisation might offer careers advice or counselling in order
to help people work out how to navigate the process. During times of transition, career
coaching or mentoring can be helpful in identifying how to embrace change or where
change might be needed.
Major changes may encourage people to re-evaluate their work–life balance or direction.
This might involve moving away from having a regular salary and starting their own
business or becoming a freelancer. This might involve working for companies on shortterm or long-term contracts without being an employee. In these situations the move
away from job security might be rewarded with greater flexibility.
Change and your
students
Pre-service students need to be aware of the concept of change during their studies
(changing schools or locations, changes to course content as their studies progress, new
teachers and friends, etc.). In-service students should be more aware of professional
changes and may have experienced some in their own working life. Point out to students
that change is often part of modern working life and being able to adapt to change and
new circumstances is a key skill.
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Teacher’s notes
Unit lead-in
2B
Elicit a brief description of the photo and ask students how they
think it might be related to the unit title, Change. Students could
discuss the quote in pairs, small groups or as a whole class: Do
they agree with the quote? Why might people fight change? Is it
always best to focus on building the new? Check if students have
heard of Socrates and get them to share anything they know
about him (he was an ancient Greek philosopher who is often
credited as being one of the founders of Western philosophy).
8.1
8.1.1 Give students a minute to read the questions
and play the rest of the video. With weaker classes, you may
need to play it a second time or pause briefly after answers are
given, to allow students time to process the information and
make notes. Get students to compare answers in pairs, then
check with the class.
1 In order to keep growing, the company needed more
space (and to have all staff on one site).
2 The move was successful because they only lost two
days’ production in each department and they only lost
six members of staff (out of 230).
3 Staff seem quite happy overall, or at least Tommy
does. He was able to move house, so it only takes him
40 minutes to cycle to work. He also says the working
conditions on the new site are much better.
Change at Brompton Bikes
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on a
work-related topic.
• Can follow a wide range of factual and creative texts
and summarise themes and opinions.
• Can describe their reasons for resisting a change.
• Can express understanding about someone’s reaction
to change.
• Can describe in detail why they agree or disagree with a
suggested work-related change.
3
8.1.1 Play the the video again from 0:00 to 0:26. Check
answers with the class and check students understand improve
efficiency, adapt to and uncertainty.
1 fact of life 2 moving house 3 new job
4 constantly face 5 improve efficiency 6 adapt to
7 uncertainty 8 careful management
4
Warm-up
Ask students if they know any companies that make
bicycles. Do they know where they are based? Then ask the
following questions around the class: Is cycling popular
in [the students’ country/-ies]? What type of bicycles do
you see when you’re in the city? Do people use safety
equipment when they cycle?
Lead-in
Students discuss their views on change in the workplace.
1 Put students in pairs to discuss the questions for 3–4 minutes
and then broaden into a class discussion. If your students have
work experience, you could ask if they have ever worked for
a company that has moved location. What was the experience
like? If your students have not had work experience, you
could ask them if they know any companies that have moved
location. Do they think the move was a good idea?
Video
Students watch a video about introducing and managing
change in the workplace.
2A
8.1.1 Explain that students are going to watch the first
section of a video about a company called Brompton bikes. Ask if
anyone has heard of the company. Then draw students’ attention
to the photo and ask students why they think Brompton bikes
might be unusual. Elicit ideas around the class, then play the
video (from 0:00 to 0:39) for them to check their ideas.
8.1.1 Ask students to do this individually. Give them
time to read through the statements before playing the video
(from 0:27 to the end). In weaker classes, students may need to
watch the video twice for this activity: once to decide whether
the statements are true or false and then a second time to
correct the false statements. Get students to compare answers
in pairs before checking with the class.
1 T (80 percent of the bikes are exported, mainly to Japan,
East Asia and Europe.) (Presenter)
2 F (we are now nearly 230) (Greg)
3 T (We considered that the biggest risk to the business
was losing the staff that we’d spent many years training.)
(Greg)
4 F (it was already an hour and a half by tube or a
45-minute cycle) (Tommy)
5 F (We made sure we consulted with all our staff and told
them about the potential location, before we actually
signed the lease.) (Greg)
6 T (We moved some departments before Christmas 2015
and others during January 2016.) (Greg)
7 T (The working conditions in the new site are much
better. It’s much more open, there are a lot more
windows, which actually makes it a much nicer view
altogether.) (Tommy)
5 Put students in pairs to discuss the question. After
2–3 minutes, open the discussion to the whole class. Invite
a few students to share their views with the class, then ask:
What would make the change better or worse for you?
Brompton bikes are unique because they can be folded and
unfolded easily.
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7 You could do this as a whole-class activity, eliciting the
Extra activities 8.1
A
This activity provides students with extra
listening practice. Give them time to read through the
extract before playing the video again. To help them, you
could tell them that they need to use 1–4 words in each
gap. Get students to compare answers in pairs before
checking with the class.
8.1.1
1 production 2 six people 3 move back home
4 40 minutes 5 much more open
6 canteen 7 a lot more space 8 major benefits
9 site 10 improved enormously
Vocabulary: Change management
Students look at vocabulary related to change management.
6A This exercise can be done individually or in pairs. Check
answers with the class but do not focus on meaning yet;
students will discuss the meaning of the words in bold in the
next exercise.
1 e 2 f 3 a 4 d 5 b 6 h 7 g 8 c
6B Put students in pairs. Allow them to use dictionaries if
necessary. If there is time, you could then join pairs into groups
of four to compare ideas. Discuss and clarify meanings with
the class, and elicit ideas about how the words might relate to
change management.
Possible answers
1e keep growing = continue expanding or increasing in
size and strength
to move = go to work in a different office or place
2f weigh up = consider something carefully so that you
can make a decision about it; assess or evaluate
risk = something or someone that is likely to cause
harm or danger
benefit = an advantage, improvement or help that you
get from something
3a apprehensive = worried or nervous about something
that you are going to do, or about the future
the move = the act of going to work in a different office
or place
4d consult = to discuss something with someone so that
you can make a decision together
5b efficient = if someone or something is efficient, they
work well without wasting time, money or energy
6h cope (well) with something = to succeed in dealing
with a difficult problem or situation
7g adapt (well) to something = to gradually change your
behaviour and attitudes in order to be successful in
a new situation
8c morale = the level of confidence and positive feelings
that people have, especially people who work
together, who belong to the same team
The words relate to change management because they
are all about assessing the advantages and disadvantages
of change, adapting to new or different situations and
making change more successful by discussing change and
working together.
answers and inviting students to come up and write the
correct words on the board. Alternatively, let students work
individually and get them to compare answers in pairs before
checking with the class. During feedback, clarify meanings as
necessary.
1 plan 2 communicate 3 teamwork 4 engage
5 implement 6 improve 7 measure 8 success
8 Make sure students are aware that they will need to change
the form of the word in brackets and also use different parts of
speech. You may wish to do the first item as an example. Get
students to do the exercise individually, then check answers
with the class. If there is time for discussion, ask: Do you agree
with the tips? Are there any other tips you would add to the
list?
1 adapt 2 implement, efficiency 3 successful,
improvements 4 planning, apprehension 5 weigh, risks
9 Put students in pairs and set a time limit for the discussion.
If students do not wish to use a personal example or talk about
someone they know, you could encourage them to think of
a company that has recently undergone a change and answer
the questions as though they were one of the employees. After
students have discussed in their pairs, get brief feedback from
the class.
Extra activities 8.1
B This activity practises and extends key vocabulary
from the lesson. You could ask students to complete
it individually, using their dictionaries if necessary.
Alternatively, if time is short, you could do it as a quick
whole-class activity: copy the table onto the board, elicit
the correct words and write them in the gaps (or invite
students to come up and write them). Do not focus on
meaning yet as students will do this in the next exercise.
1 adapt 2 adaptable/adapted 3 benefit
4 engage 5 improvement 6 implement
7 measure 8 planning 9 risk 10 successful
C Students could do this individually, checking answers
in pairs before class feedback. Alternatively, if time is
short, you could do it with the whole class by reading
out the definitions and eliciting the correct words and
parts of speech from students.
1 engage 2 improvement 3 benefit (n)
4 measure (n) 5 succeed 6 risk (v)
7 adaptable 8 implement (v)
Project: Adaptability quiz
Students do a quiz to find out how adaptable they are.
10 This project consists of five stages: reading the quiz
questions on adapting to change, having a discussion about
three personality types, writing a short personality description,
creating a few additional questions for the quiz and testing
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Teacher’s notes
out the complete quiz on a classmate. Start by telling students
that they are going to do a quiz to find out how adaptable they
are. Ask: What sort of questions do you think the quiz might
include? Put students in pairs and ask them to turn to page
135. Explain that as they do the quiz, they should keep a note
of their answers: As, Bs or Cs. Allow plenty of time for students
to read and complete the quiz, and then to discuss what they
think their answers say about them.
12B Students now work in new pairs (from their group) and
test out the complete quiz – the questions in Exercise 10 and
their own questions. Finally, they talk about the results and
whether they agree with the personality descriptions.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Reading bank
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 8.1 p.148
Workbook: p.39 Exercises 1–3
11A Check in open class how many students were ‘Mostly As’,
‘Mostly Bs’ or Mostly Cs’. Explain that the results describe three
personality types. Ask students to look at the A answers in the
quiz again and describe the type of person that might choose
them, for example: someone who is very flexible, perhaps too
flexible, and is usually happy to go along with other people’s
decisions. Direct students to page 131 to read the description
and say whether they think it is accurate.
11B Put students in groups of four, each consisting of two
sub-pairs, and explain the activity. One pair writes a short
description of the personality type that would answer ‘Mostly
Bs’, and the other pair writes a short description of the
personality type that would answer ‘Mostly Cs’. Tell students
that they can use the example phrases and the description
for ‘Mostly As’ to help them. Highlight, or ask students to
notice, some of the structures for describing people (e.g. You
can sometimes be too / a little … , You often …) and for giving
advice using the imperative and modal verbs (e.g. Start with … ,
It might be helpful to … , You could consider -ing.).
11C Students now rejoin their group of four, compare
descriptions for personality types B and C and discuss whether
the other pair’s description is accurate. Ask for students’
reactions to these types of psychological/magazine-style
quizzes.
8.2
Managing change
GSE learning objectives
• Can understand main points and check comprehension
by using contextual clues.
• Can understand the speaker’s point of view on most
topics delivered at natural speed and in standard
language.
• Can describe the personal significance of events and
experiences in detail.
• Can narrate a story in detail, giving relevant
information about feelings and reactions.
Warm-up
Write the following on the board: 20s, 30s, 60s. Ask:
What life changes might happen at these ages? What
professional changes might happen? Put students in
pairs or small groups to discuss the questions. Open the
discussion to the class and ask: At what age in life are the
greatest number of changes likely to occur?
12A Students should do this in the same pairs as Exercise 11B.
Explain that they are going to write 2–3 more questions for the
quiz. Make sure it is clear that the replies should reflect the three
personality types, A, B and C. If time is short or with weaker
students, write the possible questions below on the board and
ask students to write suitable replies for A, B and C.
Possible questions
6 Why is change important to you?
A I haven’t really thought about it.
B Because I don’t want to keep doing the same old
things.
C Because I want to grow and learn new things.
7 When you think about your problems now, do you:
A blame yourself and feel bad?
B blame other people and feel angry or frustrated?
C accept responsibility and think about how you can
change things?
8 What do you usually think when things don’t go as
planned?
A I’ve been lucky or unlucky.
B People are responsible for their own luck.
C People can learn from their errors.
9 How do you see your future?
A I don’t know. I prefer to live in the moment.
B My future is clearly planned out for the next five years.
I like to plan ahead.
C I have certain goals and there are different ways of
achieving those goals.
Lead-in
Students discuss changes at different life stages and their
own attitude to change.
1 Go through the instructions and phrases in the box with
students. Check they understand disruptive. Put them in pairs
and give them 3–4 minutes to discuss, then elicit ideas from
different students on each of the changes in the box.
Listening
Students listen to someone talking about changes in their
life and their reactions to these changes.
2A
8.01 Students should do this individually. To help
them, you could tell them that they need to listen for four
options. Play the recording, then check answers with the class.
Igor had four options:
1 His teacher advised him to follow his passion – music.
2 His parents told him to study accountancy.
3 His friend Piotr suggested doing architecture together.
4 His brother suggested he swapped subjects and studied
physics and played music part-time.
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Teacher’s notes
2B
8.02 Explain that students are now going to hear Igor
talking about his decision. Whose advice did he follow? Was it
a change for the better? Play the recording, then check answers
with the class.
He listened to his brother’s advice. It was a change for the
better. He’s enjoying studying physics and he gets to play
in his band at weekends.
3
8.03 Explain the activity and give students a moment
to read the questions. With weaker classes, you may need to
play the recording a second time for students to complete their
answers.
Possible answers
Ethan
1 Ethan’s boss told him she was leaving.
2 Ethan was upset. He’s working long hours and is finding
it difficult to cope. He’s thinking of finding a new job or
changing departments.
3 It was a change that made things worse.
Pranali
1 Pranali was made redundant / lost her job.
2 Pranali’s good at adapting to change but at first she
felt very low and didn’t know what to do with herself.
However, she set up her own business as a management
consultant and is very happy now.
3 It was a change for the better.
Boon Tek
1 Boon Tek had to move laboratories / move to a different
city for work.
2 He seems annoyed because management hadn’t
consulted staff about the relocation: it was an upheaval,
not well planned, they didn’t anticipate risks and it was
chaotic. He says it’s very important to have a shared
purpose and for everyone to be informed. In the end, he
settled into the new laboratories and can see that he’s
better off than before.
3 He thinks it was a change for better, but it took time to
adapt.
Leticia
1 Leticia retired early / took early retirement.
2 She thought she would enjoy retirement but she missed
work and her colleagues. Her husband, Juan, suggested
going back to work, so she decided to become a tai-chi
instructor.
3 It was a change for the better.
4
8.03
Give students time to read through the questions
and options, then play the recording again, twice if necessary.
Check answers with the class.
Extra activities 8.2
8.03 This activity practises key vocabulary from
A
recording 8.03. Give students time to read through the
summaries before attempting the exercise. If necessary,
they can listen to the recording again. Check answers with
the class, clarifying meanings as necessary.
1 Ethan
1 got upset 2 smooth transition 3 get on with
4 cope with 5 changing departments
2 Pranali
1 flexible 2 good at adapting 3 stressful
4 comfort zone 5 support
3 Boon Tek
1 move 2 consulted 3 relocation
4 be informed 5 change for the better
6 planned well
4 Leticia
1 retirement 2 product manager 3 retrain
4 stress 5 purpose 6 part-time
Grammar: Reported speech and reporting
verbs
Students study and practise reported speech and reporting
verbs.
6 Ask students what they can remember speakers saying
in Exercise 4. Choose one or two suggestions and write the
information on the board as direct speech. Ask students to
help you rewrite the statements in reported speech. Elicit why
reported speech is used and what changes students can see in
the reported statements on the board. You may wish to refer
students to the Grammar reference on page 124 at this point,
and go through the first two sections with them before they
complete the exercise. Do not focus on the Reporting verbs
section yet – students will look at these in the next exercise. Ask
students to complete the reported statements individually and
get them to compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 didn’t like, made (doesn’t like and make are also possible
as this is still true)
2 (had) lost, was / had been, came / had come
3 was able to, were
4 was looking / had been looking, (had) missed, would give
7A Students can look at the Grammar reference on reporting
verbs (page 124) before or after this exercise. Go over the
grammar with them and answer any questions they may have.
The exercise can be done individually or as a whole class,
checking and explaining answers as you go.
1 a 2 b 3 c 4 c
5 Put students in pairs and give them 3–4 minutes to discuss
the question. Get brief feedback from the class.
1 advised 2 insisted 3 confirmed 4 informed
5 complained 6 suggests 7 suggested 8 promised
9 promised 10 promised
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7B Point out that some reporting verbs can be matched with
more than one structure. Ask students to complete the exercise
individually, using the Grammar reference on page 124 to help
them if necessary. Check answers with the class.
verb (that) + clause: insist, confirm, complain, promise*,
suggest*
verb + -ing: suggest*
verb + to + infinitive: promise*
verb + someone (that) + clause: inform, promise*
verb + someone + to + infinitive: advise
*Note that suggest has two possible structures and
promise has three possible structures.
Pronunciation bank
p.117: /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/ and /dʒ/
1 a brother or sister (or a classmate) 2 a classmate
3 an employee (or a new work colleague)
4 an administrator 5 a technician
6 a new work colleague (or a brother or sister)
8B Go through the instructions with students and draw their
attention to the example. Point out that words have been
left out and remind students that they shouldn’t report the
information word for word. Also tell them they need to be
careful with changes to personal pronouns (e.g. your tablet –
my tablet), changes with time expressions (e.g. (tomorrow – the
next day) and changes with demonstrative pronouns (e.g. this
form – the form). Get students to do the activity individually
or in pairs, depending on the level of your class, then check
answers with the class. Point out any differences where more
than one way of reporting is possible.
Possible answers
Warm-up
Dictate the example words: promised – price,
advised – size. Ask students to say which letters
are different but pronounced the same in each
pair (/s /: s and c; /z /: s and z). Elicit more words
where the two consonant sounds are spelled in
different ways (e.g. /s /: device, voice, customer,
miss; /z /: easy, revise, prize, zone). Go through
the explanation in the box with students and
model/drill the consonant sounds.
1 Put students in pairs and explain that they need to
categorise the words according to the pronunciation
of the letters in bold. Encourage them to say the words
aloud in order to decide. Do not confirm answers yet –
students will check them in the next exercise.
/s/ decision, insisted, offices
/z/ business, lose, prices
/ʃ/ anxious, appreciate, passion
/tʃ/ actually, changes, questions
/dʒ/ changes, management, suggests
2 My classmate suggested moving the desks so that we could
work in a group. / My classmate suggested (that) we move
the desks so that we could work in a group.
3 The employee promised to send me last month’s figures
(first thing) the following Monday.
4 The administrator insisted that I send/sent her a copy of my
passport with the/my application.
5 The technician has confirmed that they will be installing
the new equipment tomorrow at 8.30 a.m. (and asked
me/us to make sure I/we would be in at that time). / The
technician confirmed that they would be installing the new
equipment the next day at 8.30 a.m. (and asked me/us to
make sure I/we would be in at that time).
6 My new colleague promised not to use my coffee cup
again. / My new colleague promised (that) he/she wouldn’t
use my coffee cup again. / My new colleague promised me
(that) he/she wouldn’t use my coffee cup again.
Extra activities 8.2
B Ask students to do the activity individually, as a
P8.01 Play the recording for students to check
2
their answers to Exercise 1. Go over the answers as
a class and if necessary, drill the words around the
class to making sure students are pronouncing the
consonant sounds correctly.
consolidation exercise. You could get them to compare
answers in pairs before checking with the class. Remind
them that they can refer to the Grammar reference on
page 124 to help them.
1 b 2 c 3 a 4 c 5 d 6 b 7 c 8 b 9 d 10 a
3 Students can do this in the same pairs as Exercise 1.
Explain the activity and do an example with a stronger
student. During the activity, monitor and correct any
errors in the pronunciation of the consonant sounds.
8A Explain the activity, give students 1–2 minutes to read the
statements and point out that some can be matched to more
than one person in the box. Put students in pairs to complete
the exercise, then check answers as a class. Elicit all the
possible answers for each statement.
Speaking and writing
Students talk and write about major changes in their lives.
9A Explain the activity, go through the questions with
students and give them time to prepare what they are going to
say. Monitor and help as necessary.
9B Put students in pairs to talk about their experiences.
Remind them that they need to take notes as they listen to
their partner.
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10A Put students in new pairs. Explain the activity and remind
them to use their notes from Exercise 9B. Monitor and note
down any errors students make with reporting verbs. Highlight
these during feedback.
10B Students can do this in class or for homework. Point out
the word limit and remind students that they need to include at
least six reporting verbs in their story.
Lead-in
Students discuss the function of coaching and mentoring.
1A Give students 2 minutes to read the definitions of coaching
and mentoring. Check understanding and let them ask you any
vocabulary questions they may have. Put students in pairs, give
them 3–4 minutes to discuss the questions, then get feedback
from the class.
Model answer (based on Igor’s story in Exercise 2)
Igor 1told me that when he was at school, he didn’t know
which degree to do. His teacher 2advised him to follow his
passion and study music, but his parents 3told him to study
accountancy because he would get a better job. Then his
best friend, Piotr, 4suggested doing architecture with him
and he took his friend’s advice. Igor 5said the first year had
been awful because it was challenging and competitive.
He 6complained that he had found out too late that
you had to study and work long hours. Igor became
demotivated and he was going to drop out of university,
but then his older brother 7suggested he swapped subjects
and studied physics instead and played music part-time.
However, his parents still 8insisted that he should study
accountancy. In the end, he followed his brother’s advice.
He 9told me it was definitely a change for the better. Now,
he’s enjoying studying physics and he still has time to play
in his band at weekends. He 10says they will probably have
a gig at a festival this summer.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
Grammar reference: p.124 Reported speech and reporting verbs
Pronunciation bank: p.117 /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/ and /dʒ/
Teacher’s book: Resource bank Photocopiable 8.2 p.149
Workbook: p.40 Exercises 1–3, p.41 Exercises 1–3
8.3
Communication skills
Coaching and mentoring
GSE learning objectives
• Can extract specific details from a TV programme on a
work-related topic.
• Can justify and sustain views clearly by providing
relevant explanations and arguments.
• Can ask open-ended questions to better understand
the specific details of a problem.
• Can give advice on a wide range of subjects.
• Can give detailed feedback about someone’s
performance on a familiar task or project.
Warm-up
Write sport, work and study on the board. Ask the
following questions around the class, eliciting ideas
and reasons from different students: What help might
people who are starting a new sport, job or course
need? Who might help them? What characteristics
would the person helping need? If someone was helping
you, would their level of skill or their personality be
most important? Why?
1
In general, the key difference is that coaching does not
give advice. Mentoring does.
2–3 Students’ own answers
1B This can be done as a quick whole-class activity or you may
prefer to let students discuss in their pairs first before checking
answers with the class.
1 mentoring 2 coaching 3 mentoring 4 coaching
Video
Students watch a video about different approaches to
supporting colleagues.
2
8.3.1 If your students watched the Unit 7 video, ask
them to give you a short summary of the situation and the
main characters’ roles. If this is the first communication skills
video for your class, briefly set up the context and/or refer
students to page 6 of the Coursebook. Encourage students to
make notes in answer to the questions while watching, and
play the video. You could get students to compare answers in
pairs before discussing them with the class.
1 Sanjit wants Katie to lead on EN-Tek’s partnership
opportunity with a distributor in Vietnam.
2 He is concerned because he knows Katie was looking
forward to expanding the Bangladeshi market. He’s also
concerned about the best way to convince her to step
out of her comfort zone: whether to take a direct or
indirect approach.
3 She thinks Sanjit will want her to grow the Bangladesh
market further.
4 She would be comfortable with that and thinks she’d be
really good at it.
3A Explain to students that Sanjit has two options when he
discusses future projects with Katie and go through the details
of Options A and B with the class. Check students understand
directive. Make it clear that they can choose which option they
want to see first on the video. Put students in small groups and
ask them to discuss the two options, giving reasons for their
answers. Elicit ideas from a few students and then, as a class,
decide which video to watch first.
8.3.2
8.3.3 Give students time to read the
3B
information in the table. Point out that for some options,
students will need to tick both A and B in the table. Play the
videos in the order the class has decided, then check answers
with the class.
1 B 2 A 3 A, B 4 A, B 5 B 6 B
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4 You could discuss the questions with the class or let students
discuss in pairs first. Encourage students to take notes.
1a At the end of Option A, Katie feels unsure and
apprehensive about the new role – she feels she ‘might
be in over [her] head’. She feels more positive at the
end of Option B: although it is still ‘a leap into the
unknown’, she says ‘it doesn’t seem so daunting now’
and recognises that it is a great opportunity’.
1b At the end of Option A, Katie feels disappointed that
Sanjit didn’t listen properly to her concerns. We don’t
hear directly how she feels about communication
with Sanjit at the end of Option B, but she responds
positively to his communication style in this option.
She seems reassured by talking through the concerns
she raises in this option and by the fact that Sanjit will
‘always be on call’ to support her.
2 Students’ own answers
8.3.4 If students did Exercise 4 in pairs, keep them
5
in the same pairs for this exercise. Explain that they are
going to watch the last section of the video, where the
speaker talks about the advantages and disadvantages of
the coaching and mentoring approaches they looked at in
Options A and B. Play the video. If students are working in
pairs, give them 3–4 minutes to discuss with their partner
before class feedback.
It can be tricky to decide whether to take a coaching or
mentoring approach.
In Option A, Sanjit takes a mentoring approach. He tells
Katie what he thinks she should do and what he thinks is
good for her. Katie, however, feels that he hadn’t really
heard, or listened to, her concerns. As a result, she doesn’t
seem too positive at the end.
In Option B, Sanjit takes a coaching approach and asks
Katie a number of questions to help her think about how
she would like to approach the new role and what she
feels she needs in order to succeed. She is apprehensive
at the end of this version also, but is more positive overall
about the challenge.
of language for each approach (coaching: mostly questions;
mentoring: more direct language, e.g. you need to, advice),
which highlights the different function of each approach – you
could refer them again to the definitions in Exercise 1.
1 feel 2 approach 3 should 4 tell 5 should 6 make
7 were
7B Get students to work individually, then check answers with
the class. If time allows, put students in pairs to practise the
dialogue.
1 support 2 options 3 opportunity 4 considered
5 good idea 6 mind up
8 Go through the instructions with students and check they
understand coachee. Put them in pairs and let them select
their roles. Give students a little time to think about which
department they want to change to and from. Set a time limit
and remind students to use language from Exercise 7. If time
allows, you could get students to swap roles and repeat the
roleplay. During feedback, ask a few students to report the
questions they were asked and the guidance they were given,
and whether they found them helpful.
Extra activities 8.3
A This activity practises functional language from the
lesson. Students could do it individually or you could do it
as a class, checking answers as you go.
1 e 2 g 3 c 4 b 5 h 6 a 7 f 8 d
B Put students in pairs to discuss the question. With
stronger classes, you could encourage students to
comment and give each other advice. If students are
pre-service, ask them to think about a job, profession
or industry that they would like to work in and discuss
options to achieve their goal.
Reflection
Task
Students reflect on the main points and conclusions from
the video and discuss their own approach to coaching and
mentoring.
Students practise offering support to colleagues using
a mentoring or coaching approach.
9A Give students 1–2 minutes to think about the problem/
6 Allow students to work individually on this so that they can
challenge they would like to talk about. If you think some of
your students might not be comfortable sharing a personal
problem, you could tell them that it does not have to be real:
for example, they could think of someone famous and
a problem/challenge they might be facing, and answer
questions as though they were that person.
Functional language: Coaching and
mentoring
9B–C Put students in groups of three, explain the activity and
reflect on their own preferences and ideas. Ask them to think
of their own answers to the questions and to make notes. Then
put them in pairs to discuss and compare their answers. Get
brief feedback from the class.
Students look at useful language for coaching and
mentoring.
7A Ask students to complete this exercise individually and
get them to compare answers in pairs before checking with
the class. During feedback, highlight the difference in the type
go through the GROW model as a class. Elicit why it is called
the GROW model (the first letters of the headings spell grow).
Point out that there will be three different roleplays, each
between two students (the mentor/coach and the coachee).
The third student will be the observer, who needs to take notes
in order to give feedback after the roleplay. Make sure students
understand that they will be rotating roles, and that they need
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Teacher’s notes
to pause between roleplays to discuss the observer’s feedback.
Set a time limit for each roleplay and discussion, and remind
students to use phrases from Exercise 7. Tell groups when the
time is up and get them to change roles. During the activity,
monitor and note down any points to discuss during feedback
but do not interrupt the roleplays or the discussions. Highlight
these in a brief feedback session after students have completed
all three roleplays and discussions.
Pronunciation bank
p.117: Voice range
Warm-up
Go through the explanation in the box with
the class and check they understand authority,
completeness and finality. Give an example
using the following sentence: Feel free to make
suggestions. Say it using falling intonation,
emphasising the fall at the end of the statement
and stressing suggestions. Drill the intonation
and point out again that the falling tone
conveys security and confidence about the
statement, along with a sense of finality or
completion.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
video activities
Workbook: p.42 Exercise 1
8.4
Business skills
Brainstorming
1
P8.02 Ask students to do the exercise
individually and play the recording. To check answers,
play the recording again, pausing after each sentence
and eliciting the main stress with falling intonation.
GSE learning objectives
• Can understand most of a linguistically complex
podcast.
• Can lead a discussion, expanding and developing ideas,
if given time in advance to prepare.
• Can lead a discussion so that the group is able to make
a decision.
• Can evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of
different options during a discussion.
• Can encourage discussion by inviting others to join in,
say what they think, etc.
1 There is no right or wrong.
2 How would you like to categorise them?
3 Could you expand on this point for us?
4 These statements highlight the issues we’re
facing.
5 What does everyone think about that as an
option?
2
P8.02 Play the recording for students to listen
again and repeat. If your students need more practice,
put them in pairs to practise saying the sentences
while you monitor and correct their intonation as
necessary.
Warm-up
Put students in small groups and write the following
questions on the board: How do you generate ideas in
a group? What steps do you take? Set a time limit of
2–3 minutes and ask groups to share their strategies with
the class. Ask if any of the class have used these ideas.
Were they useful?
Listening
Students listen to a brainstorming meeting.
Lead-in
2A
Students discuss brainstorming.
1A
8.04 Put students in pairs. Explain that they are going
to hear a podcast about brainstorming. You could ask students
what they know about brainstorming, list their ideas on the
board and then play the recording for them to check if any of
their ideas are mentioned. Then play the recording again for
students to complete the flow chart. Check answers with the
class.
1 goal 2 question 3 evaluating 4 group 5 details
6 build on 7 decisions (and action points)
8 participating
1B Put students in pairs to discuss the questions, then get brief
feedback from the class.
8.05 Explain that students are going to hear the first
part of a brainstorming meeting and play the recording for
them to answer the questions. Check answers with the class.
They are there to address challenges resulting from the
fast growth they have been having. The organisation is still
very flat, but now needs a little structure to help teams
and individuals stay focused. At the end of the session they
want to have some clear actions or next steps they can
take.
2B
8.06 Tell students that they are going to hear the
next part of the meeting and give them a minute to read the
sentences. Check they understand cuts and contributing. Play
the recording and get students to compare answers in pairs
before checking with the class. During feedback, you could play
the recording again, for students to identify the strategies as
they occur.
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Teacher’s notes
3, 4, 5
The things she doesn’t do:
1 She interrupts the brainstorming phase to bring her
group back together.
2 She doesn’t cut any ideas and wants to first explore
everyone’s ideas.
6 She gets the group to decide (Lisa and Sven about
rotating team leaders). This way they will individually
feel more ownership over the ideas and are more likely
to accept future changes based on these ideas.
Extra activities 8.4
A This exercise can be done individually or in pairs. The
second option may be easier for weaker classes.
1 outline 2 session; input 3 elaborate 4 progress
5 follow 6 action
B You could do this as a quick whole-class activity,
checking answers as you go.
2C
8.07 Explain that students are going to hear the last
part of the brainstorming meeting and note the things Sophia
does to bring it to a close. To help them, you could tell them
that they need to listen for five things. With weaker classes, you
may need to play the recording a second time and/or pause at
regular intervals to allow students time to write their answers.
She brings it to a close by:
• referencing the allocated time and that it is almost up.
• thanking everyone for their input.
• summarising the decisions made.
• assigning clear tasks to others before the next meeting.
• deciding on the time/date of the next meeting.
2D If time allows, let students discuss the questions in pairs
or groups before opening up the discussion to the class.
Encourage students to give reasons for their opinions.
Functional language: Leading
a brainstorming session
a 1, 4 b 3, 5 c 2, 6
Task
Students take part in a brainstorming session.
4A Put students in small groups and read through the
scenarios with them, clarifying as needed. Give groups
a moment to choose a scenario.
4B Refer groups to the flow chart in Exercise 1 and explain
that they need to follow these stages for their brainstorming
session. Let groups decide who will lead the session, and set a
time limit for both the preparation stage and the brainstorming
session. Stop students when the preparation time is up and ask
them to hold their brainstorming session. During the activity,
monitor and make a note of any points to highlight during
feedback, but do not interrupt students.
4C Get students to discuss their brainstorming sessions briefly
Students look at useful language for leading brainstorming
sessions.
3A Students could do this individually or in pairs. Weaker
classes can refer to the audioscripts on page 149 if they need
help. Check answers with the class, clarifying meaning as
necessary.
1 address 2 session 3 statements 4 opening
5 expand 6 idea 7 agreed 8 go
3B Explain to students that 1–8 are the steps they need to
follow when leading a brainstorming session. Check they
understand build on in 2. Get them to work individually and
then to compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
a Define the goal
b Start with questions and statements about the issue
c Collect as many ideas as possible
d Ask for ideas about procedure
e Ask people to give more details
f Build on the ideas of others
g Discuss and evaluate
h Make a decision
in their groups, then open up the discussion to the class. If
your students need more practice and there is time, you could
put them in new groups and ask them to hold a brainstorming
session for the second scenario.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Functional
language bank
Pronunciation bank: p.117 Voice range
Workbook: p.42 Exercise 2
8.5
Writing
Press release
GSE learning objectives
• Can check and correct spelling, punctuation and
grammar mistakes in long written texts.
• Can write a detailed summary of work-related
information.
• Can paraphrase the main idea of a linguistically
complex quotation to support a line of argument.
Warm-up
Dictate or write the following questions on the board:
What is the purpose of a press release? (to communicate
announcements or news about a company to the media)
Have you ever had to write one? If so, what was it about?
Put students in pairs or small groups and give them a few
minutes to discuss the questions. Then invite different
students to share their answers with the class.
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Teacher’s notes
Lead-in
Task
Students read a press release and practise checking written
work for mistakes.
Students write a press release.
1 Before students correct the mistakes in the press release,
page 133. Allow pairs 3–4 minutes to discuss improvements,
then get feedback from the class. Students could be asked to
rewrite this press release for homework.
you may wish to ask them to read it quickly for gist and ask
a few questions, e.g. What was the issue with the customer
bags? (they were transported to the wrong destinations) What
did the customers complain about? (not being able to contact
customer services) What does the company intend to do about
the problem? (look into the situation and ensure all affected
customers are compensated). Then ask students to read the
press release and find the mistakes. Draw their attention to
the example and if necessary, give an example of each type of
mistake on the board. Get students to compare answers in pairs
before checking with the class. After checking answers, you
may wish to draw students’ attention to the structure of the
press release. Ask: What type of information is included in each
paragraph? (Paragraph 1 explains the problem. Paragraph 2
gives further details about what happened. Paragraph 3 contains
an apology. Paragraph 4 contains promises and information
about what will happen next.) Also point out the contact
information at the bottom of the page.
1 independently 2 occurred 3 meeting met
4 everything he it 5 there their 6 who what 7 sorry
about 8 successful success 9 has is expected
10 providing provide / be providing
3A Put students in pairs and refer them to the press release on
Improvements required
• The title isn’t very catchy or clear. Suggestions: Big win
for Dingbell, Dingbell’s future in Africa.
• There isn’t much information. Everything needs to be
expanded and linked more clearly.
• We don’t know when the contract is going to start or
how many local staff will be recruited.
• There are few facts: we need to know how much the
contract is worth.
• The language isn’t very formal (e.g. this is big for the
company, watch this space).
3B Refer students to the notes on page 130. Set a time limit
for the writing task and remind students to use phrases from
Exercise 2. With weaker classes, you could allow students to
write their press release in pairs and then work with a different
partner for Exercise 3C. If time is short, students can write their
press releases for homework.
Model answer
Move to Mumbai
Functional language
Students look at useful language for press releases.
2 Explain to students that these are useful phrases they can use
in press releases. Ask: Are the phrases more formal or informal?
(formal). Encourage students to say why they think a more
formal register is appropriate. Students can complete the table
individually or in pairs, using their dictionaries if necessary. During
feedback, you could point out / elicit the use of the passive in
some of the phrases to create a more distant, formal tone.
1 announced 2 transported 3 complaining 4 replies
5 viral 6 sorry 7 regretted 8 everything 9 key
10 will be 11 assured 12 announcements
Extra activities 8.5
A This activity gives further practice of useful language
for press releases. Ask students to complete it individually,
then check answers with the class. This press release can
be used as an additional model answer for students to
refer to for help if necessary, when they do the writing task
in Exercise 3B.
1 announced 2 complained 3 independently
4 went 5 key 6 regretted 7 assured
8 compensate 9 announcements 10 progressing
Optional grammar work
The press release in Exercise 1 contains examples of the
passive voice with reporting verbs. Refer students to the
Grammar reference on page 125 and use the exercises in
MyEnglishLab for extra grammar practice.
Now that Hasfell Supplies is part of a multinational group, it
has announced plans for the relocation of its headquarters to
Mumbai, in order to take advantage of the growing markets
in South East Asia. Unfortunately the media believes the
company is causing huge job losses in the UK, but this is far
from the truth.
The move, which is expected to take place in December when
the new office building is ready, may result in job losses in the
UK, but all employees have been offered work in other parts
of the UK organisation. Several staff have already indicated
they are happy to take voluntary redundancy.
Mr Raj Singh, the CEO, informed staff about the relocation
before going public and regretted the negative reaction to
the announcement. He assured staff this expansion would
bring more business and offer new and exciting opportunities
for promotion and career development within the company.
The company management team will meet all current staff
next week to discuss their future career options. Interviews
for jobs in Mumbai will take place next month.
Hasfell said there would be regular announcements on the
progress of the move. For further information, contact Anika
Chadha on AnikaChadha@Hasfell.com.
3C If students do the writing task for homework, you could
do this exercise in the next lesson. Put students in pairs and
ask them to read each other’s press release and think about
the organisation, level of formality and functional language
phrases from Exercise 2. Students could then rewrite their press
releases, based on their partner’s feedback.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities; Interactive
grammar practice; Writing bank
Grammar reference: p.125 Passive voice with reporting verbs
Workbook: p.43 Exercises 1–3
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Teacher’s notes
Business workshop
How a large manufacturing company
changed
8
Chillhot Sauces, Malaysia
Students read an article about tyre manufacturer Michelin
and changes that were made to the way the company is run.
GSE learning objectives
• Can summarise, comment on and discuss a wide range
of factual and imaginative texts.
• Can identify the main conclusions in a text that
presents and contrasts arguments in a clearly signalled
way.
• Can identify the main reasons for and against an
argument or idea in a discussion delivered in clear
standard speech.
• Can give detailed opinions during work-related
meetings if provided with sufficient background
information.
• Can recommend a course of action, giving reasons.
• Can report the opinions of others.
Background
Students read about Chillhot Sauces, a Malaysian company
that needs to expand its manufacturing capability.
1 As a lead-in, elicit/introduce the word condiment (something
used to flavour food). Ask: What supermarket sauces and
condiments are popular in [the students’ country/-ies]? What
food do people use them with? Can you describe the taste?
Which brands are most popular? Then put students in pairs and
ask them to read the background and discuss the questions.
Explain that the questions require students to generate their
own ideas and opinions as well as using information from the
text. Check answers with the class.
1 a food manufacturing company / It makes spicy organic,
gluten-free and Halal sauces.
2 to produce a range of home-style sauces like the ones
their mothers made
3 Chillhot is a medium-sized company employing 50 staff.
4 It is a culture of mutual respect between management
and workers.
5 It needs to expand its manufacturing capacity to fulfil
a large order from Europe and does not have the funds.
6 Possible answers:
• job – salary might decrease, might be asked to work
longer/fewer hours
• benefits – holiday allowance might change, travel
allowances
• colleagues – might have to work with people they
don’t like
• management style – might have to get used to a new
style of management
• rules and regulations – might have to get used to new
rules which go against their current culture
• career path – might be stopped from getting expected
promotion, might have to get used to new career
structure
2A Refer students to the title of the article and ask if any
students know anything about Michelin. Explain the activity,
put students in pairs and give them time to read the text and
discuss the question. Get brief feedback from the class.
2B Explain that students will need to read the article in more
detail this time. Get them to answer the questions individually
and to compare answers in pairs before class feedback.
1 formal and paternalistic
2 to take on a less formal coaching role, to trust their staff
more and give them more responsibility
3 It wants to be more agile and responsive to customers.
4 that management doesn’t transmit the urgency strongly
enough by explaining the situation and training the staff
5 He was uneasy, possibly because he was no longer in
control.
6 Student’s own answers
3 Put students in pairs. Ask them to turn to page 136 and give
them time to read the comments and discuss the questions. Go
over the answers with the class. Do students know any other
companies that might have experienced similar changes?
Possible answers
• The team member says that in the past the team leader
gave them orders. Now the team does the planning and
solves any problems.
• The manager says that in the past he used to solve
problems, but now his job is to give the staff challenges.
• The team leader says that he used to just follow rules
whereas now the team makes the rules.
• The technical secretary says that in the past she didn’t
feel she could say what she wanted.
• The worker says that in the past they were given
instructions on a daily basis but now the team leader
gives them the targets and the team does the planning.
Unexpected news and rumours
Students read a text and listen to a conversation about the
reaction of Chillhot Sauces employees to news about the
company.
4A Refer students to the heading and check they understand
rumours. Ask: How can rumours affect people who work for
a company? Elicit ideas around the class. Then put students in
small groups and give them time to read the information and
discuss their views. Invite a few students to share their ideas
with the class.
Possible answers
•
•
•
•
•
•
The company culture is different.
The company is known for asset-stripping.
Pay is low.
People are unhappy working for the company.
They will lose their jobs.
They have not been told about this.
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Teacher’s notes
4B
Ask: Where might employees gather to chat
in a workplace? Try to elicit drinks machine. Ask: What sort of
things might they talk about? Elicit a few ideas, then explain that
students are going to hear a conversation between employees
about things they are worried about. Play the recording, twice if
necessary. Put students in pairs or small groups to compare their
notes and discuss the question, then open up the discussion to
the class. Ask: What would you think if you were an employee at
Chillhot Sauces? What would you do?
that everyone in the group needs to take notes of what is
said at the meeting as they will be discussing the outcomes
with a person from another group in Exercise 5B. Set a time
limit for the meeting and ask students to begin. Monitor and
help during the preparation stage but do not interrupt the
meetings.
• a ridiculous attendance policy leading to warnings if
staff are a few minutes late
• managers don’t respect the staff
• contracts that make people work overtime for no money
• they might lose their jobs because Osbruk-Basri get rid
of staff in the companies they buy
5C Join pairs together into groups of four and set a time limit
BW 8.01
Task
Students roleplay a meeting to discuss rumours about
a company.
5A Draw students’ attention to the cartoon and ask them
to explain what is happening. Then put them in small groups
and explain the activity. Encourage them to assign their own
roles but provide help for groups where they would prefer
you to nominate roles. Give students plenty of time to read
the role cards and prepare. Point out that the CEOs will chair
the meeting and if useful for your class, spend a moment
eliciting what the chair needs to do (e.g. keep an eye on how
much time is spent on each agenda point, keep the meeting
moving forward, encourage everyone to participate, manage
interruptions, help participants keep to the point). Point out
5B Students now form pairs with someone from another
group. Give them time to summarise what was said at their
meetings, using their notes from the previous stage.
for students to discuss their ideas. You may wish to ask groups
to present their ideas to the class or write up a summary for
homework.
MyEnglishLab: Teacher’s resources: extra activities
Review
8
1 1 efficient 2 weigh 3 apprehensive 4 consult
2 1 implementation 2 successful 3 measured
4 beneficial
3 1 promised (that) she wouldn’t be late again / promised
not to be late again / promised me/him/her/us/them
(that) she wouldn’t be late again
2 advised him to look for another job
3 suggested that they should sell a part of the company
/ suggested selling a part of the company
4 insisted (that) she wouldn’t leave until the job was
finished
5 informed me/him/her/us/them (that) they had just
signed a new contract
4 1 feel 2 tell 3 considered 4 support 5 were
6 should, make
5 1 e 2 f 3 a 4 h 5 b 6 c 7 g 8 d
6 1 announced 2 went 3 complained 4 regretted
5 assured 6 do 7 key 8 expected
9 announcements
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Resource bank
Photocopiables
1.1
Vocabulary: Elements of corporate culture
134
1.2
Grammar: Future Continuous and Future Perfect Simple
135
2.1
Vocabulary: Training and development
136
2.2
Grammar: Modals in passive voice
137
3.1
Vocabulary: Finance and economic crises
138
3.2
Grammar: Expressing certainty and probability
139
4.1
Vocabulary: Digital business and technology
140
4.2
Vocabulary: Technology collocations
141
5.1
Vocabulary: Rewarding performance
142
5.2
Grammar: Linking words and concessive clauses
143
6.1
Vocabulary: Business ethics
144
6.2
Grammar: Third conditional
145
7.1
Vocabulary: Managing time
146
7.2
Grammar: Adverbials and time expressions
147
8.1
Vocabulary: Change management
148
8.2
Grammar: Reported speech and reporting verbs
149
Photocopiables teacher’s notes
150
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Resource bank
Reading bank
Unit 1
Banks are on the hunt for tech veterans
156
Unit 2
Importing the German vocational training system
158
Unit 3
Asia close to taking over US as world’s biggest VC market
160
Unit 4
Connected devices bring sweeping changes to the factory floor
162
Unit 5
Can office snooping improve employee performance?
164
Unit 6
Corruption scandals show why leaders should highlight ethics
166
Unit 7
Control your inbox
168
Unit 8
Big year ahead: the career changers
170
Reading bank Answer Key
172
1
Blogs and newsletters
174
2
Emails
176
3
Annual reports – summaries
178
4
Proposals
180
5
Performance review summaries
181
6
Press releases
182
Writing bank
Functional language bank
1
Networking skills
183
2
Meeting skills
185
3
Telephoning skills
187
4
Negotiation skills
189
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1
Corporate culture
1.1
Photocopiables
Vocabulary
1A Number these aspects of company culture in order of importance for you
(1 = the most important). Write your answers in column A.
A
B
dress code
good atmosphere
open-plan office
pay structure
company hierarchy
values
flexibility
employee input in strategy
1B Work in pairs and compare your answers. Complete Column B by asking your
partner questions to find out how he/she numbered the aspects in Exercise 1A.
Was pay structure the most important aspect for you?
Did you think that dress code was more important than a good atmosphere?
Which aspects of company culture were the most and least important for you?
2A Decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F) for your partner. Do not
show your partner your answers yet.
1 I prefer a casual dress code and would wear jeans to work if allowed.
2 For me, a good atmosphere at work is one where employees can work quietly at their
desk without interruption.
3 When talking to senior staff, I would be more comfortable using a person’s title and
surname rather than their first name.
4 I would be quite relaxed in a meeting with the CEO and would speak to them in the
same way that I would speak to a colleague.
5 I think the pay structure should be determined by how good you are at your job rather
than how long you have been with the company.
6 I would enjoy working in an open-plan office more than having an office to myself.
7 I couldn’t work for a company if I disagreed with their values even if they paid a high
salary.
2B Ask your partner and check your answers to Exercise 2A. Were your guesses
correct?
2C Ask additional questions to find out reasons for your partner’s opinions. Have you
found out anything which has surprised you?
So, what would you like about working in an open-plan office?
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1
Corporate culture
1.2
A
Photocopiables
Grammar
✁
From next
week
Within a few
months
By the end of
the year
In August
Before next
summer
Next month
By 2030
Within the
next decade
In just a few
years’ time
Within
eighteen
months
By the end of
next month
By this
evening
Tomorrow
Before the
next board
meeting
Before the
end of the
week
allow staff
to take paid
sabbaticals
reduce
working
hours by …
implement a
range of
work-life
balance
initiatives
increase salaries
by … percent
offer flexible
working hours
arrange free
medical and
dental care for
employees
improve
training and
development
include staff
representatives
on the board
change
the dress
code to …
(make a
promise)
(make a
promise)
carry out
regular staff
satisfaction
surveys
move to new
head offices
B
✁
improve staff
retention by …
start fast-track
promotions
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2
Training and development
2.1
A
Photocopiables
Vocabulary
✁
B
✁
induction
programme
blended
learning
skills
set
needs
analysis
staff
member
career
development
emotional
intelligence
analytical
thinking
face-to-face
session
delivery
method
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2
Training and development
2.2
Photocopiables
Grammar
1 Look at the notes from a brainstorming meeting about how to reduce stress and
improve health and well-being at work. Add one more idea under each heading.
Essential
Recommended
time away from screen
training – stress management
canteen: healthy menu
staff survey
Possible?
Able to do now
lunchtime yoga sessions
company gym
walk round car park
regular coffee break
Not required
Prohibited
sleep pod
longer holidays
work 3+ hours without break
smoking on site
2 Read the statements from the meeting and check the notes. Correct any factual or
grammatical mistakes.
1 Employees mustn’t be ask to work four hours or more without leaving their desk.
2 At present, short walks can be taking on company grounds, but only in the car park.
3 Staff don’t really need to be gave extra holiday; they need to be provided with a better
work environment.
4 A staff survey should to be organised in order to identify the main causes of stress for
our staff.
5 Workers know they can’t smoke inside the building but they have to been told that it’s
also forbidden in the grounds.
6 Maybe yoga or relaxation sessions could be arranging over the weekend.
7 The board might convinced that a fitness area or gym is a good investment for staff
because exercise boosts productivity.
8 The canteen ought to be provided cheaper meals and snacks.
3 Have another meeting to discuss which suggestions to explore further. Include the
ideas you added to the notes in Exercise 1.
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3
Finance
Photocopiables
3.1
Vocabulary
1
2
Name two verbs that mean
‘decrease’.
When a company doesn’t have
enough money to pay what it
owes, it goes
.
5
4
3
A quick increase in business
activity.
The stock market falls by five
percent. Go back two spaces!
Complete this sentence: The
company asked the bank for a
€20,000 l
to cover
payroll.
6
7
8
Name one verb that means
‘go up’.
Complete this sentence:
Following the crash, the
markets took a long time to
r
.
A recent investment increases
sharply in value. Roll again!
11
10
9
The place where stocks and
shares are bought and sold.
Money you put into a company
to get a profit.
When borrowing becomes
difficult because banks
reduce lending and put
interest rates up.
12
13
14
You have just paid off your
business loan. Move forward
two spaces!
A phrasal verb meaning ‘help
(someone) out of trouble’.
A loan you get from a bank to
buy something like a house.
17
16
15
Name one verb that means
‘get better’.
Your country experiences
a recession. Miss a turn!
Complete this sentence: A lot of
banks are unwilling to
l
money to new
businesses.
18
19
20
All the money you put in
the bank.
The stock market falls by ten
percent. Go back four spaces!
A period when there is very little
economic activity and many
people are poor or unemployed
is an economic
.
Start
Finish
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3
Finance
Photocopiables
3.2
Grammar
1 Work in groups and discuss. Do you agree with these statements? Why? / Why not?
There probably won’t be a major financial crisis
in my country within the next ten years.
1
It is unlikely that English will be the most useful language
to learn fiy years from now.
2
There will definitely be a world currency one day.
3
4
5
It is certain that people who invest in electric cars will make a profit by 2025.
There is likely to be less pollution in the world in the next ten years.
By the year 2100, most jobs will be done by computers and robots.
6
7
The price of petrol probably won’t increase any time soon.
8
In the future, it will be common for people to live to
100 years old and this will cause financial problems.
9
10
✁
The housing market is due to crash in the near future.
In general, people are going to be wealthier in the future.
2 Complete the sentences with things you think will be true about your work,
studies or free time in the near future.
Name:
1 I’m due to
.
2 I’m unlikely to
.
3 I probably won’t
.
4 I’ll definitely
.
5 I’m going to
.
6 It’s certain that
.
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4
Digital business
4.1
Photocopiables
Vocabulary
✁
analysis
(adjective)
anticipated
(noun)
(verb)
conversion
disrupt
(adjective)
innovate
(adjective)
personal
(verb)
predict
(noun)
visualise
(adjective)
disruption
(noun)
irritate
(noun)
✁
Write the words in the circles in the correct group according to their stress pattern.
analyse
analysis
analytics
analyst
analytical
anticipate
anticipation
anticipated
disrupt
disruption
disruptor
disruptive
personalise
person
personality
personal
personalised
convert (v)
conversion
converted
irritate
irritation
irritable
irritated
irritating
innovate
innovation
innovator
innovative
predict
prediction
predictable
predictive
Oo
person,
oO
convert,
Ooo
analyse,
oOo
conversion,
Oooo
innovator,
oOoo
analysis,
ooOo
analytics,
oOooo
anticipated
ooOoo
analytical,
oooOo
anticipation,
visualise
visualisation
visual
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Digital business
4.2
Photocopiables
Vocabulary
2A
rp
h
tec
hn
ea
rec
o
y
int
ell
i
ts
m
se
tra
ns
l
e
2B
wireless
real
voice
simultaneous
✁
1B
✁
fea
t
ti
ion
at
✁
es
✁
og
ol
e
nc
ge
n
tio
ni
on
g
1A
es
ur
4
neat
head
artificial
sensor
✁
Student B
Work in pairs. Choose one dial each and make a gapfill exercise with the collocations to test your partner.
Work in pairs. Choose one dial each and make a gapfill exercise with the collocations to test your partner.
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
✁
Student A
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5
Performance
5.1
Photocopiables
Vocabulary
1 Complete the questionnaire with the correct form of the words in brackets.
Then answer the questions in your own opinion.
Rewarding performance
1 One of the most important factors in career
(succeed) is
a luck – being in the right place at the right time.
b who you know rather than what you know.
c recognising opportunities when they occur.
2 The main considerations regarding employee
(promote) should be
a length of service and experience.
b talent and results.
c effort and potential.
3 The most important part of an
time spent identifying
a what has gone well.
b what has gone badly.
c goals for the future.
4 The most useful way to view
an opportunity to
a learn from mistakes and move on.
b understand that everyone’s skills are limited.
c discover who’s to blame.
5 The most valued approach to effort
by managers is to
a say ‘thank you’ in person.
b send an email to the member of staff.
c note it for an appraisal at a later date.
(appraise) is the
(fail) is to see it as
(recognise)
6 The best approach to goal
(achieve) is to
a listen to feedback, both positive and negative, and learn from it.
b have a clear vision of where you want to be and believe in yourself.
c identify the steps needed and plan how to achieve each goal.
7 In general, career
(advance) should be
a slow, in order to give the employee time to learn skills before they
move on.
b quick, otherwise talented staff might move to another company.
c steady, with a series of small advancements rather than big
promotions.
2 Work in small groups. Compare and discuss your answers to the questionnaire.
3 Work in pairs. Write two or three more multiple-choice questions about rewarding
performance. Give your questions to another pair to answer.
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5
Performance
Photocopiables
5.2
Grammar
1 Complete the sentences with suitable linking words/phrases of contrast. There
may be more than one possible answer.
1 At my employee appraisal, I set certain targets with my boss. They were,
, impossible to meet.
2
, she has achieved a great deal in the company, but
, there have been a number of problems that her staff have had
to deal with.
3 We have looked into faster advancement for young people.
not always possible to set a policy which is fair to all.
4 They have lowered their profit expectations
and innovative product line.
, it is
launching a new
5 His leadership of the project helped him to advance to a senior role
he had been with the company for less than a year.
6
her career being so successful, she decided to try a new area of
business and left the company.
2 Work in pairs and compare your answers. Identify as many alternative linking
words/phrases for each sentence as possible.
3 Complete the email with words/phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. Identify as many
alternative linking words/phrases as possible for each gap.
Hi Chris,
As requested, here is a summary of the performance of Joy Davis during
her time as an intern in the department. Joy became a valued member
of the team, 1
that she was only with us for six
weeks. She is a quick learner and was able to work on a range of projects
while she was with us, 2
some supervision was
required. 3
, Joy demonstrated excellent
communication skills, but 4
, a little too much time
was sometimes spent conversing with colleagues. 5
,
she always completed tasks on time. She often worked longer hours than
required and was always helpful and enthusiastic. We would have no
hesitation in offering her a permanent role with the team.
6
, additional training and support would be
required.
Best wishes,
Amy
✁
Answers
1 despite the fact / in spite of the fact
2 although / though / even though
3 On the one hand
4 on the other hand
5 Nevertheless / However
6 However / Nevertheless
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Ethics
Photocopiables
6.1
Vocabulary
1A
s
nd
✁
sh
co
t
br
a
ay
ap
pr
2B
moral
unethical
low
tough
✁
✁
1B
so
u
p
ch
oa
✁
s
op
n
to
co
nd
i
ct
du
ns
tio
co
n
2A
ed
rc
6
ethically
clothing
fairtrade
sweat
✁
Student B
Work in pairs. Choose one dial each and make a gapfill exercise with the collocations to test your partner.
Work in pairs. Choose one dial each and make a gapfill exercise with the collocations to test your partner.
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
✁
Student A
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6
Ethics
Photocopiables
6.2
Grammar
Correct?
Risk
1 If you reduced the number of international meetings, you could have cut your
carbon emissions.
2 They wouldn’t have lost the trust of their users if they haven’t sold data to
third party organisations.
3 If they had acted promptly to inform the public about health and safety
issues, they might not have had such bad publicity about the faulty washing
machines.
4 If my employers knew that a client had given me a free luxury holiday, they
would have made me refuse the gift.
5 If they had looked after the safety and well-being of employees, there
wouldn’t have been so many accidents at the factory.
6 One of our employees might have told us about the problem sooner if we
would have created a system to help staff report unethical procedures.
7 If they had been transparent about income tax and payments, they hadn’t
have had to face those heavy financial penalties.
8 You would have got the best deal for consumers if you had negotiated lower
than market prices with small suppliers.
9 I’m sure we could have cut costs if we had consulted with them on a regular
basis.
10 You would have had better employee retention rates if you have set up a policy
for equality in the workplace.
11 People had considered them more ethical if they had avoided the use of palm
oil in their products.
12 If they hadn’t donated ten percent of their profits to charity, they might not
have been listed as one of the country’s most ethical companies.
Total
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7
Time management
7.1
Photocopiables
Vocabulary
✁
at the correct time or by the
arranged time
doing things one after the other
simultaneously
(two words)
(three words)
(four words)
on time
at a time
at the same time
arrange your schedule so that you
have time to do something
time you spend working in addition to
your normal working hours
spend time doing something that is
not worth it as there is little or no
result
(three words)
(one word)
(two words)
make time for
overtime
waste time
before the time by which it is
necessary for something to be done
when you have no more time
available to do something
use time to do a particular thing or
pass time in a particular place
(two words)
(three words)
(two words)
in time
out of time
spend time
much earlier than the time by which
something is needed or scheduled
not later than a particular time
arrange your time efficiently, in a
way that everything that needs to be
done gets done
(three words)
(three words)
(two words)
ahead of time
by the time
manage time
✁
1 Complete the sentences with phrases from the cards.
1 We will have finished decorating your office
holiday.
you get back from
2 I left the office late but luckily, the traffic was good so I got to the airport
to catch my plane.
3 Claudia prefers to identify key priorities because she doesn’t like to
on unnecessary tasks.
4 They need staff to work late tonight to finish the designs, but they don’t want to pay us
any
, which doesn’t seem reasonable.
5 When I’m not working, I like to
at the beach with my friends.
6 Kate was sure that she’d finish the article by the competition deadline but she ran
because she had some technical problems with her computer.
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7
Time management
7.2
Photocopiables
Grammar
1 Read the sentences about time management below and choose the word/
phrase from the box that indicates how frequently each sentence applies to you.
Complete each sentence to make it true for you, adding the time word/phrase you
chose in the correct place.
always frequently normally usually often from time to time now and then
occasionally rarely seldom almost never
Me
never
My partner
Someone who
agrees with me
1 I go to bed at the same time every evening
because _______________________________
_______________________________________.
2 I get up early because __________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
3 I use apps to help improve my productivity
because _______________________________
_______________________________________.
4 I write lists and prioritise tasks because
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
5 I respond to emails immediately because
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
6 I arrive for lessons/work early because
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
7 I study/work late because ______________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
8 I think it’s a good idea to work from home
because _______________________________
_______________________________________.
9 I get stressed by deadlines because _____
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
10 I plan what I’ll do at the weekend because
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
2 Work in pairs and compare your answers. Note whether your partner has an
opinion that is similar to or different from yours.
3 Talk to other students in the class. Ask questions and find someone who agrees
with you.
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8
Change
Photocopiables
8.1
Vocabulary
1 Complete the results of the quiz ‘How adaptable are you?’ on page 133 of the
Student’s Book with the words in the box. There are two extra words you don’t
need to use.
adapting apprehensive benefits communicate consult cope
engaging implementing improvement teamworking weigh
Quiz: How adaptable are you?
What your answers say about you
Mostly As
Your answers suggest that you can sometimes be too flexible or too dependent on
others. You often feel you are not in control, you are rather 1
when change occurs, and whatever you do, you think you probably won’t be successful.
Remember, whatever you want to change will remain just a daydream unless you take
action. To change things in your life, start with small, achievable goals in your work or
personal life and then build up your experience of planning and 2
bigger changes in your life. Reading about how successful people changed their lives
might help you 3
better, or you could consider seeing a life
coach.
Mostly Bs
Your answers suggest you are extremely motivated, but a bit of a perfectionist. Try not to
be so hard on yourself! You don’t like losing and usually make yourself deal with any
challenges both at work and in your personal life. However, achieving your goals is
sometimes less satisfying than you thought. Remember, change usually involves others,
so make sure your colleagues, family or friends are on board with all your brilliant
suggestions. Focus on improving your 4
skills, 5
with others and try to be a little more flexible to make sure any changes you want to
make are an 6
for all the team!
Mostly Cs
Your answers suggest you have a positive approach to change and are good at
7
when necessary. You usually take responsibility for your own
actions and are generally clear about what you want in life. You 8
up all the risks and 9
; you think about the knock-on effects at the
workplace or in your life and how change will affect others. However, make sure that you
are not over-analytical about your goals because this can sometimes lead to a lack of
motivation. To stay motivated and be able to motivate others, try to focus on what is
important to you or your organisation, and try new experiences from time to time.
2 Work in pairs. Look back at your answers to the quiz in the Student’s Book and
check your results. How accurate are they? Do you agree with them?
3 Which personality type is least like you? Discuss with your partner. What changes
would you both need to make to be able to work together successfully?
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8
Change
Photocopiables
8.2
Grammar
✁
Student A
During your lunch break, you overheard two colleagues having a conversation.
• Put the parts of the conversation in the correct order.
• Work with Student B. Use reporting verbs to summarise the conversation you heard. You can
only use the verb say twice.
•
Report your conversation first.
I overheard an interesting conversation the other day …
Jo:
Have you heard the latest news? Apparently, they’re not going to pay us our bonus.
Sam: Really? Where did you hear that?
Jo:
Two of the Finance Directors were talking about it in the lift this morning.
Sam: That sounds like a private conversation. You shouldn’t tell anyone else until we have more
information.
Jo:
But people have a right to know! I won’t be able to go on holiday now – it’s not fair.
Sam: Listen, I promise I’ll speak to the CEO and clarify what’s happening with the bonus.
Till then, please don’t discuss this with anyone else. You could get into trouble.
✁
Student B
You are a manager and have had a meeting with the CEO.
• Put the parts of the conversation in the correct order.
• Work with Student A. Use reporting verbs to summarise the conversation you had. You can
only use the verb say twice.
• Listen to Student A, then report your conversation.
That’s interesting. Well, I was in a meeting this morning with …
CEO:
Thank you for coming to this emergency meeting. I have some important information
to discuss with you.
Manager: Is it about the bonus? All the staff are worried that they won’t get a bonus this year.
CEO:
The bonus? No, all employees will certainly get paid their bonus – that isn’t the issue.
Manager: Oh, that’s great. So, what did you want to see me about?
CEO:
We’ll be moving offices at the end of next year. I don’t have all the details yet, but I
guarantee that all jobs are safe.
Manager: We should call a meeting with all staff to announce the news as soon as possible!
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Photocopiables teacher’s notes
1.1
Vocabulary
• Tell students that they are going to talk about aspects of
workplace culture and practise vocabulary from Lesson 1.
• If you think students might not be sure about the meaning
of some of the words in the table, write them on the board
first and check as a class or get students to check in their
dictionaries before they start.
• Go through the instructions for Exercise 1A and give
students time to number the aspects of company culture in
order of importance. They should do this individually.
• Put students in pairs for Exercise 1B. Explain the activity and
go through the examples with the class. Students should
now complete column B with their partner’s answers.
• You could extend Exercise 1 by doing a quick mingling
activity: students mingle and ask each other questions
similar to those in Exercise 1B to find out who has similar
preferences to them.
• Move on to Exercise 2A, keeping students in the same pairs.
Give them time to read the statements and ask you about
anything they don’t understand. Students then try to guess
whether the statements are true or false for their partner.
Explain that they should not talk to or share their answers
with each other at this point.
• For Exercise 2B, students ask their partner questions to find
out if their guesses were correct. At this point, they should
not discuss the statements in detail – they will do this in the
next step.
• Ask students to discuss their answers to Exercise 2B, giving
reasons for their opinions. If necessary, do an example with
a stronger student. At the end of the activity, invite students
to share with the class anything they found surprising or
interesting.
1.2
Grammar
• Tell students that they are going to practise using the Future
Continuous and Future Perfect Simple.
• Put students in pairs and explain that they will have one pile
of time phrase cards (A) and another pile of action cards (B).
• Hand out the cards to each pair and ask them to shuffle each
set and put the cards in two piles face down on their desks.
• Explain the context: each student is the CEO of a company
that prides itself on attracting the best staff. The CEOs use
the cards to make statements about their own company.
They each want to persuade the other CEO that they offer
the best initiatives to retain staff.
• Each student turns over a time phrase card and an action
card, and makes a statement using the Future Continuous
or Future Perfect Simple (e.g. From next week, we will be
allowing staff to take paid sabbaticals.). Before taking a turn
with the cards, their partner can comment on the statement
they have just heard or ask a question (e.g. Really? How
much will that cost the company?).
• Explain or show students that some action cards have the
phrase make a promise. If students pick up one of these
cards, they have to make a promise about their company
using their own ideas (e.g. In August, we will be introducing
workshops to help employees increase their knowledge in
their field.). If you prefer to keep the activity more controlled
or feel that your students may struggle to come up with
their own ideas, the ‘make a promise’ cards can be left out of
the activity.
• At the end of the activity, you could ask students whether
they would like to work for their partner’s company and
why / why not. Which of the promises their partner made
would be most important for them?
• Alternative: Hand out the worksheet to each pair without
cutting up the cards. Students make statements as before,
but rather than turning the cards over, they simply select a
time phrase from A and an action from B. They can use each
time phrase/action only once.
Possible answers
From next week, we will be allowing staff to take paid
sabbaticals.
By the end of the year, we will have implemented a range
of work-life balance initiatives.
In August, we will be increasing salaries by ten percent.
Before next summer, we will have arranged free medical
and dental care for employees.
By the end of next month, we will have improved training
and development.
Before the next board meeting, we will have carried out
regular staff satisfaction surveys.
Next month we will be moving to new head offices.
2.1
Vocabulary
• Tell students that they are going to play Snap with
vocabulary from Lesson 1. Explain that they will have
two sets of cards (A and B) and that the aim is to make
collocations from the lesson by pairing cards from each set.
• Put students in pairs and give each pair two sets of cards, A
and B. Explain that set A, the white cards, has the first word
in each collocation and set B, the grey cards, has the second
word. Point out that students should form collocations they
learned in Lesson 1. They should not pair words they think
can be used together.
• Students put the cards in two shuffled piles (A and B) and
take it in turns to pick up a card from each pile. If the cards
aren’t a match, they return them to the bottom of each pile.
If the cards are a match (e.g. blended learning), the student
who shouts Snap! first must then make a sentence using the
collocation (e.g. Blended learning combines online courses
with traditional face-to-face sessions.). If the sentence is
correct, the student who made it keeps the cards. If it is
incorrect, the other student keeps the cards. If there is any
doubt, students should ask you for help. The student with
the most cards at the end wins.
• Check as a class that students have made all the collocations
correctly and write them on the board.
• Follow up by asking students to share some of their
sentences with the class.
induction programme, blended learning, skills set, needs
analysis, staff member, career development, emotional
intelligence, analytical thinking, face-to-face session,
delivery method
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Photocopiables teacher’s notes
2.2
Grammar
3.1
Vocabulary
• Tell students that they are going to practise modals in the
passive voice from Lesson 2.
• Tell students that they are going to practise using vocabulary
related to finance and the economy by playing a board game.
• Put students in pairs and hand out the worksheets. Explain
that Exercise 1 shows notes from the brainstorming meeting
of the training and development team in their company. The
notes show ideas for reducing employee stress and improving
health and well-being at work.
• Put students in small groups and hand out one copy of the
worksheet to each group. Students will also need dice (one
per group) and counters (one per player – they could use a
small object like a coin).
• In their pairs, students brainstorm and add one more idea
under each heading. With weaker classes, you could do
Exercise 1 as a whole-class activity, eliciting ideas for each
heading from different students.
• Move on to Exercise 2. Explain the activity and give students
time to read through the statements before they begin.
Explain that there are two steps to this exercise: students
should correct the grammatical errors first. They then look
back at the notes in Exercise 1 and find three factual errors
in the statements. Check answers to the grammar exercise
before students look for the factual errors.
• Put pairs into groups of four or six for Exercise 3. As members
of the training and development team within their company,
they will now have a follow-up meeting to discuss the
suggestions further. They should include in their discussions
the ideas they added to the notes in Exercise 1. Set a time
limit for the meeting and encourage students to use passive
modal verbs as far as possible – refer them to the statements
in Exercise 2 for examples.
• Monitor students as they are speaking and check that they are
using passive modals correctly. Make a note of mistakes and
go over them as a class at the end of the activity.
Grammatical errors
1 Employees mustn’t be ask asked to work four hours or
more without leaving their desk.
2 At present, short walks can be taking taken on company
grounds, but only in the car park.
3 Staff don’t really need to be gave given extra
holiday; they need to be provided with a better work
environment.
4 A staff survey should to be organised in order to
identify the main causes of stress for our staff.
5 Workers know they can’t smoke inside the building but
they have to been be told that it’s also forbidden in the
grounds.
6 Maybe yoga or relaxation sessions could be arranging
arranged over the weekend.
7 The board might be convinced that a fitness area or
gym is a good investment for staff because exercise
boosts productivity.
8 The canteen ought to be provided provide cheaper
meals and snacks.
Factual errors
1 Employees mustn’t be asked to work four three hours
or more without leaving their desk.
6 Maybe yoga or relaxation sessions could be arranged
over the weekend lunchtime.
8 The canteen ought to provide cheaper healthier/
healthy meals and snacks.
• Explain the game. Students place their counters on the
‘Start’ square and roll the dice to move their counters round
the board. When they land on a square, they have to say
the correct word or follow the instructions on that square.
If a student’s answer is correct, play continues as normal. If
their answer is incorrect, the student misses a turn.
• The winner is the first player to reach the ‘Finish’ square.
Before students begin, decide on the finishing rules as a
class: do they need to throw the exact number to land on
the final square or can they finish by throwing any number
larger than the number of squares remaining?
• During the game, monitor and check that students
are answering correctly. Go over the answers and any
difficulties at the end.
• Alternative: If time is short, you could play a shorter version
of the game, where the first player to get five correct
answers is the winner.
1 drop / fall / go down 2 bankrupt 3 loan 5 boom
6 rise 7 recover 9 credit crunch 10 investment
11 stock market 13 bail (someone) out 14 mortgage
15 lend 17 improve 18 savings 20 depression
3.2
Grammar
• Tell students that they are going to practise expressing
certainty and probability about the future.
• If necessary, do a quick review of the grammar from Lesson
2 or refer students to the Grammar reference on page 120
of the Student’s Book.
• Put students in small groups and hand out one copy of the
top half of the worksheet to each group.
• Give students 1–2 minutes to read the statements and ask
you about anything they don’t understand. Set a time limit
for the activity.
• In their groups, students discuss the statements, saying
whether they agree or disagree with them. Remind students
to give reasons for their answers and encourage them to try
to reach a consensus.
• When they have finished, invite students from different
groups to share their ideas with the class.
• Now hand out a copy of the second half of the worksheet
to each student and explain that they will need to work
individually.
• Give students 4–6 minutes to complete the sentences.
Monitor and help/correct students’ work as necessary.
• When they have finished, make sure students have written
their names on the worksheets and collect them. Explain
that you are going to read out sentences from each
worksheet. The class has to guess who wrote the sentences.
Explain that they do not need to wait until you’ve read all
the sentences to make a guess. Encourage them to give
reasons for their guesses.
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Photocopiables teacher’s notes
• You could make this part of the activity a competition: the
student with the most correct guesses wins.
4.2
• At the end of the activity, you could ask students if they
found any of their classmates’ sentences surprising.
• Tell students that they are going to practise technology
collocations from Lesson 2.
4.1
• Hand out a copy of the first part of the worksheet to each
student. Ask students if these diagrams look familiar and
elicit or explain that they are the dials they looked at in
Lesson 2.
Vocabulary
• Tell students that they are going to practise vocabulary
related to digital business and technology from Lesson 1.
• Put students in pairs and hand out one set of cards to
each group. This is a quick game where students take
turns to pick a card, read the word and say what part of
speech it is. They then have to give the form of the word
indicated in brackets. For example, if a card says analysis
and (adjective), the student must say that analysis is a
noun and then say the adjective form, analytical. If a
student gets both answers right, they keep the card.
If not, their partner can claim the card by giving both
answers correctly. The winner is the student with the
most cards at the end.
• In the second activity, students practise the pronunciation of
the words from this lesson. Keep students in the same pairs
and hand out one copy of the second part of the worksheet
to each pair.
• Explain the activity and refer students to the examples. If
necessary, do a few more examples before they begin. You
might like to tell students that there is one group they won’t
need to add any words to (oOooo).
• While pairs are working, copy the table on the board.
• Check answers by inviting different students to write the
words in the correct group on the board. Model and drill the
pronunciation of each word as necessary.
analysis: noun; adjective: analytical
anticipated: adjective; noun: anticipation
conversion: noun; verb: convert
disrupt: verb; adjective: disruptive
innovate: verb; adjective: innovative
personal: adjective; verb: personalise
predict: verb; noun: prediction
visualise: verb; adjective: visual
disruption: noun; noun: disruptor
irritate: verb; noun: irritation
Oo: person, visual
oO: convert, disrupt, predict
Ooo: analyse, analyst, innovate, irritate, personal, visualise
oOo: conversion, converted, disruption, disruptor,
disruptive, prediction, predictive
Oooo: innovator, innovative, irritable, irritated, irritating,
personalise, personalised
oOoo: analysis, anticipate, predictable
ooOo: analytics, innovation, irritation
oOooo: anticipated
ooOoo: analytical, personality
oooOo: anticipation, visualisation
Vocabulary
• To make the dials, students cut along the dotted lines round
each wheel and place 1B over 1A and 2B over 2A. Students
will also need two split pins each, which they then insert
through the middle of the two wheels. They should now be
able to move the wheels clockwise or anti-clockwise.
• Explain to students that by turning the dials, they can
match the words in the inner and outer wheels to make
collocations. Depending on the strength of your class,
students could do this individually or in pairs.
• Check answers with the class and write (or invite students
to write) the collocations on the board. Check that students
understand the meanings.
• Put students in A and B pairs and hand out the second part
of the worksheet to each pair.
• Explain that students are now going to create a gap-fill
exercise to test their partner’s understanding of the
collocations from the dials. Assign one dial to each student
or let students choose in their pairs.
• Students write four sentences using their collocations
and then take out the collocations to make a gap-fill
exercise. They exchange exercises with their partner, who
must complete the gapped sentences. They then return
the completed exercise to their partner, who checks their
answers.
• If time is short, students can complete the gapped sentences
for homework, and do the peer correction in the next class.
Dial 1: wireless earphones, real time, simultaneous
translation, voice recognition
Dial 2: neat features, headsets, sensor technology,
artificial intelligence
5.1
Vocabulary
• Tell students that they are going to practise vocabulary
related to performance and rewards by completing a
questionnaire.
• Hand out a copy of the worksheet to each student and give
them time to read through the questionnaire. Set a time
limit and ask students to complete the gapped questions
individually.
• Tell students to compare their answers in pairs, then check
as a class.
• Give students 4–6 minutes to answer the questions
individually. Monitor and help them with any words they
may not know.
• Move on to Exercise 2. Put students into small groups to
compare and discuss their answers to the questionnaire.
Set a time limit and remind them to give reasons for their
opinions.
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Photocopiables teacher’s notes
• When the time is up, invite a few students to share their
answers with the class.
• Put students into pairs for Exercise 3. Explain the activity
and, again, set a time limit. While students are writing their
questions, monitor and help as necessary.
• Put pairs into groups of four. Pairs swap questions and, when
they have decided on their answers, they discuss them in
their groups. If there is time, invite a few students to share
their answers with the class.
1 success 2 promotion 3 appraisal 4 failure
5 recognition 6 achievement 7 advancement
5.2
Grammar
• Tell students that they are going to practise using linking
words and phrases to express contrast and concession.
• If necessary, briefly review the linking words/phrases: ask
students what words/phrases they know which express
contrast and concession, and list these on the board. Review
the ‘word grammar’ for each linker and/or refer students to
the Grammar reference on page 121 of the Student’s Book.
• Cut off the answer key from the bottom of each worksheet.
Hand out a copy of the rest of the worksheet to each student
and ask them to complete Exercise 1 individually. Do not
confirm answers yet as students will check them in the next
exercise.
• Explain to students that by turning the dials, they can
match the words in the inner and outer wheels to make
collocations. Depending on the strength of your class,
students could do this individually or in pairs.
• Check answers with the class and write (or invite students
to write) the collocations on the board. Check that students
understand the meanings.
• Put students in A and B pairs and hand out the second part
of the worksheet to each pair.
• Explain that students are now going to create a gap-fill
exercise to test their partner’s understanding of the
collocations from the dials. Assign one dial to each student
or let students choose in their pairs.
• Students write four sentences using their collocations
and then take out the collocations to make a gap-fill
exercise. They exchange exercises with their partner, who
must complete the gapped sentences. They then return
the completed exercise to their partner, who checks their
answers.
• If time is short, students can complete the gapped sentences
for homework, and do the peer correction in the next class.
Dial 1: moral approach, unethical conduct, tough
conditions, low pay
Dial 2: ethically sourced, clothing brands, sweatshops,
fairtrade cotton
• Move on to Exercise 2. Put students in pairs and ask them to
compare their answers. Point out that they should identify
as many possible answers to each question as possible.
When they have finished, check answers as a class.
6.2
• Refer students to the email in Exercise 3 and go through
the instructions as a class. This time, students should work
individually to find as many alternatives as possible for each
gap. Set a time limit and, during the activity, monitor and
help students as necessary but do not confirm the answers.
• If necessary, review how third conditional sentences are
formed and/or refer students to the Grammar reference on
page 122 of the Student’s Book.
• Put students in pairs and ask them to compare their
answers. Then hand out the answer key for them to check/
confirm.
• Tell students that the table has twelve third conditional
sentences, some of which contain a grammatical mistake,
and explain the object of the game: to win as many points
as possible by staking points on whether the sentences are
correct or incorrect.
1
1 however/nevertheless 2 On the one hand, on the other
hand 3 However/Nevertheless 4 despite / in spite of
5 although / even though / though / despite the fact that /
in spite of the fact that 6 Despite / In spite of
6.1
Vocabulary
• Tell students that they are going to practise collocations
related to business ethics from Lesson 1.
• Hand out a copy of the first part of the worksheet to each
student. Ask students if these look familiar and elicit or
explain that they are the dials they looked at in Lesson 1.
• To make the dials, students cut along the dotted lines round
each wheel and place 1B over 1A and 2B over 2A. Students
will also need two split pins each, which they then insert
through the middle of the two wheels. They should now be
able to move the wheels clockwise or anti-clockwise.
Grammar
• Tell students that they are going to practise the third
conditional by playing a game.
• Put students in pairs or small groups and hand out a copy of
the worksheet to each pair/group.
• In their pairs/groups, students first decide if each sentence is
correct or incorrect and put a tick or a cross in the Correct?
column of the table. They then decide how many points to
stake on each sentence, depending on how certain they are
of their answer, and write the number in the Risk column.
They can stake 1, 3, 5, 8 or 10 points on each sentence.
• Give pairs/groups 5–8 minutes to rewrite the sentences they
think are incorrect in the spaces provided.
• When they have finished, read out the first sentence from
the table and invite a pair/group to give their answer by
correcting the sentence (or not) and saying how many points
they put in the Risk column. Then confirm the answer.
• If a pair/group is wrong, they lose that number of points and
put a minus sign next to the number they wrote in the Risk
column. If they are right, they win that number of points and
put a plus sign next to the number.
• Repeat the procedure for the rest of the sentences, with
pairs/groups adding plus or minus to their score each time.
• Students add up their total. The pair/group with the most
points at the end are the winners.
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Photocopiables teacher’s notes
1 If you had reduced the number of international
meetings, you could have cut your carbon emissions.
2 They wouldn’t have lost the trust of their users if they
haven’t hadn’t sold data to third party organisations.
3 correct
4 If my employers knew had known that a client had
given me a free luxury holiday, they would have made
me refuse the gift.
5 correct
6 One of our employees might have told us about the
problem sooner if we would have had created a system
to help staff report unethical procedures.
7 If they had been transparent about income tax and
payments, they hadn’t wouldn’t have had to face those
heavy financial penalties.
8 correct
9 correct
10 You would have had better employee retention rates
if you have had set up a policy for equality in the
workplace.
11 People had would have considered them more
ethical if they had avoided the use of palm oil in their
products.
12 correct
7.1
Vocabulary
• Tell students that they are going to practise vocabulary
related to time management from Lesson 1.
• Put students in pairs or small groups and hand out one set
of cards to each group. Make sure that each card is folded
where indicated so that students cannot see the answers.
Ask students to place the cards in a pile face up on their
desks and cover them (e.g. with a book).
• Explain that the phrases the cards describe all use the word
time. In their pairs/groups, students take it in turns to pick
a card, read the definition and say the correct time phrase.
Students check their answer by unfolding the card. If they
have answered correctly, they keep the card. The student
with the most cards at the end wins.
• Alternative: With weaker classes, you can cut along the
fold lines too and ask students to match the definition cards
with the time phrase cards. Again, the student with the most
pairs of cards is the winner.
• Hand out one copy of the gap-fill exercise to each student
and ask them to complete it individually. You could get them
to compare answers in pairs before checking as a class.
1 by the time 2 in time 3 waste time 4 overtime
5 spend time 6 out of time
7.2
Grammar
• Tell students that they are going to practise using adverbials
and time expressions from Lesson 2 by doing a quick class
survey.
• Hand out one copy of the worksheet to each student and
go through the instructions for Exercise 1 with the class.
If necessary, do an example on the board, by completing
sentence 1 about you. Give students time to complete the
exercise individually, while you monitor, making sure they
are using the adverbials and time expressions correctly.
• Put students in pairs and go over the instructions for
Exercise 2 as a class. Encourage students to give reasons/
further details as they share their answers with their
partner. Explain that they do not need to write their
partner’s complete sentence in the My partner column, just
the adverbial/time expression their partner chose.
• Set a time limit and, when pairs have finished, invite a few
students to share any interesting or surprising information
they found out about their partner.
• Move on to Exercise 3. Go over the instructions as a class.
Students now mingle and, for each sentence, try to find
someone who used a similar adverbial/time expression to
the one they used. When they find someone, they write that
student’s name in the third column of the table. Again, monitor
and check students’ use of adverbials and time expressions.
• Set a time limit and stop the activity when the time is up.
Ask students if they managed to find someone for all ten
statements (and tell them that it’s OK if they didn’t). Go over
any errors you noted while monitoring.
• If there is time, you could put students back in their pairs
from Exercise 2 and ask them to report some of their
findings from Exercise 3 to their partner.
8.1
Vocabulary
• Tell students that they are going to practise vocabulary
related to change management.
• Hand out a copy of the worksheet to each student and refer
them to the quiz results in Exercise 1. Explain that they are
the results of the personality quiz they did in Lesson 1, but
do not refer them to their Student’s Books yet.
• Ask students to complete Exercise 1 individually and then
tell them to compare answers in pairs. Check answers with
the class. Make sure students understand all the gapped
words, and answer any other vocabulary questions they
may have.
• Move on to Exercise 2. Refer students to the quiz on page
133 of the Student’s Book and ask them to look at their
answers and check their results in Exercise 1. Then put
students in pairs to discuss. How accurate do they think the
results are? What do they agree/disagree with? Invite a few
students to share their ideas with the class. Ask them if there
is anything they would add to the results.
• Keep students in the same pairs for Exercise 3 and give them
4–5 minutes to discuss the questions. At the end of the
activity, invite a few pairs to share their ideas with the class.
1
1 apprehensive 2 implementing 3 cope
4 teamworking 5 communicate 6 improvement
7 adapting 8 weigh 9 benefits
Extra words: consult, engaging
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Photocopiables teacher’s notes
8.2
Grammar
• Tell students that they are going to practise using reported
speech and reporting verbs from Lesson 2.
• If necessary, review reported speech and refer students to
the Grammar reference on page 124 of the Student’s Book.
• Put students in A and B pairs and hand out one set of cards
(A or B) to each student.
• Ask students to pull out the grey card and then shuffle the
rest of their cards and put them in a pile face down on their
desks.
• Explain that the grey card has the instructions, and
go through them with the class. Make sure students
understand the context for each conversation and what
they have to do.
• Give students time to complete the first step. They should
do this individually. Circulate and help if needed.
• Confirm the correct order for each conversation before
moving on to the next step. (The conversations are given in
the correct order on the worksheets.)
• Alternative: With weaker classes, you could ask students
to order the conversations in groups (groups of Student As
and groups of Student Bs) and then put them in pairs for the
next step.
• Give students 2–3 minutes to read the conversation and
decide on the reporting verbs they will use. Clarify that they
do not need to report the questions in each conversation,
and that they need to make any other necessary changes.
Encourage them to use the verb say no more than twice. If
necessary, before students report the conversation, elicit
different reporting verbs and list them on the board.
Possible answers
Student A
I overheard an interesting conversation the other day. Jo
told Sam that they weren’t going to pay us our bonus.
She confirmed that two of the Finance Directors had
been talking about it in the lift that morning. Sam said
that it sounded like a private conversation and advised Jo
not to tell anyone else until they had more information.
Jo insisted that people had a right to know. She also
complained that she wouldn’t be able to go on holiday,
which wasn’t fair. Sam promised to speak to the CEO and
clarify what was happening with the bonus. Until then, he
advised Jo not to discuss it with anyone else because she
could get into trouble.
Student B
That’s interesting. Well, I was in a meeting this morning
with the CEO. He thanked me/us for coming and said he
had some important information to discuss with me/
us. I told him that all the staff were worried that they
wouldn’t get a bonus this year. He promised that all
employees would certainly get paid their bonus and that
it/the bonus wasn’t the issue. He informed me/us that we
would be moving offices at the end of next year. He said he
didn’t have all the details yet but confirmed that all jobs
were safe. I suggested calling a meeting with all staff to
announce the news as soon as possible.
• Students work in their pairs and take turns to summarise
the conversations using reporting verbs. Student A starts.
During the activity, monitor and make a note of any
mistakes with reported speech and/or reporting verbs. Go
over them as a class at the end of the activity.
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Reading bank
Unit 1
1 Before you read, check that you know the meaning of the words in the box. Match
them with their definitions (1–7). Use a dictionary if necessary.
constricted
influx
poach
rigid
transformation
tribe
window dressing
1 a complete change in someone or something
2 not flexible
3 large quantity of people/things arriving at the same time
4 group of people with similarities
5 try to attract employees from other companies
6 attractive but less important than other factors
7 limiting someone’s freedom to do what they want
2 Read the text and complete the information in the table.
Name
Currently works for
A Ron Knapp
Citi FinTech
B Max
Johnson
Robert Walters
C Faye
Woodhead
D Elly
Hardwick
E Carey
Kolaja
Previously worked for
1
2
3
director of global
employer brand and
graduate recruitment
4
Deutsche Bank
6
Role/Title
5
global chief product
officer
unknown
unknown
unknown
7
8
3 Match the statements (1–5) with the people in Exercise 2 (A–E).
This person:
1 had never considered working for a bank before.
2 thinks other factors are more important than dress code when recruiting.
3 points out that banks can now offer more interesting technical roles.
4 proposed changing the dress code in their job.
5 believes salary is likely to be the main attraction for tech professionals.
4 Decide if these statements are true (T) or false (F).
1 Roy Knapp made a formal presentation to his company, asking to wear more informal work
clothes.
2 Max Johnson states that banks have been looking for established tech professionals for a
very long time.
3 He thinks that in order to attract tech experts, changes in the formal corporate culture of
banks are necessary.
4 In Britain, tech industries usually pay higher salaries to new recruits compared to banks.
5 Recruitment from the tech industry has also benefited existing staff in banks, by introducing
different ways of working.
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Reading bank
Banks are on the hunt for tech veterans
When Ron Knapp joined Citigroup’s *FinTech unit as head of technology, he sent a note to his new
managers with a suggestion: ‘Given what we’re trying to achieve, I think I should come in wearing my
boots and jeans.’
5
10
15
20
25
Mr Knapp joined Citi FinTech to build a team of technology specialists. He spent sixteen years at
Amazon, including working in software development, but now he had joined a tribe which he says will
become increasingly valuable to big banks: established tech professionals.
According to Max Johnson, manager at the recruitment agency Robert Walters, financial institutions
started poaching professionals from the tech world a few years ago. But to convince tech people to
work for them, banks have had to change. ‘Banks have very rigid structures in a corporate lifestyle
kind of way,’ Mr Johnson says. ‘These [tech] people want to be creative; they want to be in an
environment that is not constricted.’ Small changes, such as relaxing the dress code, can help. But in
the end, Mr Johnson says, it comes down to pay. ‘Banks have had to compete with very competitive
salary structures for tech,’ he says. In the UK, starting salaries for technology roles are higher at banks
than at tech firms.
But salary is only one attraction, says Faye Woodhead, one of Deutsche Bank’s recruitment directors.
‘Opportunity and ability to make a difference, be challenged and learn is as important. Dress code may
help, but it is window dressing.’
Most importantly, banks are offering roles that did not exist in the industry a few years ago, according
to Elly Hardwick, head of innovation at Deutsche Bank. ‘There are so many opportunities in
artificial intelligence, machine learning and distributed ledger technology,’ she says. And banks have
something tech companies do not: financial data.
‘Five years ago, I never thought I would be at a bank,’ says Carey Kolaja, Citi FinTech’s global chief
product officer. Previously, Silicon Valley had been the centre of her professional life after years at
eBay and PayPal. She switched because she wanted a role serving people who did not have access to
financial services. ‘It is about the type of problems you can solve at a bank,’ Ms Kolaja says.
The influx of tech professionals means banking staff are developing, too. ‘Exposing internal people
to new ways of doing things is just as important,’ Ms Hardwick says. ‘When tech and business sit
together at the table, that is when you get the real culture transformation.’
*FinTech = short for ‘financial technology’; refers to providing financial services by making use of software and modern technology
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Reading bank
Unit 2
1 Before you read, check that you know the meaning of the words in bold. Choose the
correct definition, a or b, for each word. Use a dictionary if necessary.
1 Through structured classroom teaching and a series of online activities, the course develops
strong theoretical knowledge of the topic.
a relating to the study of ideas rather than
b relating to real situations and practical
practical experience
experience rather than ideas
2 Specialised training allows students the opportunity to learn a range of competencies.
a degrees
b skills
3 Another reason that the scheme thrives is the support it gets from the government.
a is very successful
b exists
4 Most of the apprentices are loyal to the company they train with and choose to work for them
long term.
a remaining faithful to and supporting
b grateful because someone has done
someone or something
something kind for you
5 Vocational training is extremely important for career opportunities and growth.
a training that is based on ideas and
b training that teaches you the skills you
theories rather than practical knowledge
need for a particular job
6 Researchers tried to replicate the original experiment, but failed.
a copy exactly
b understand
7 The company has just launched a campaign to promote awareness of environmental issues.
a help people understand something
b help something to happen or develop
2 Read the text quickly and decide which section (A–E) has information to answer each question.
1
2
3
4
5
Can the programme be implemented in other countries?
How did a car company react to changing skills requirements?
Why is the programme important in today’s industry?
What is the dual vocational training programme?
How does the unemployment rate in Germany compare to the rest of Europe?
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
3 Decide if these statements are true (T), false (F) or if the text doesn’t give this information (NG).
1 The dual vocational training programme was first introduced for factory workers.
2 It is likely that a number of the tasks currently performed by workers will be performed by
machines in future.
3 The problem with BMW Group’s vocational scheme is that you can’t study for a degree.
4 Commitment to vocational schemes is one of the reasons that Germany has a lower
unemployment rate among young people.
5 Helmut Schweiger has been head of Gerresheimer’s largest plant for three years.
6 In Horsovsky Tyn, parents were more enthusiastic about the scheme than their children were.
4 Choose the correct option (a or b).
1 An advantage of the dual vocational system is that it provides an opportunity to
a meet people from a range of industries.
b combine practical work experience and studying.
2 Advances in technology mean that
a workers will not need to be qualified.
b employees will be required for more complex tasks.
3 When technology advances, companies such as BMW
a adapt their training courses.
b identify candidates who already have these skills.
4 In Germany, young people are more likely to
a apply for a vocational course after graduation.
b prefer an apprenticeship over university.
5 Helmut Schweiger set up the training scheme because
a young employees needed to be taught skills they had not learned at school.
b he wanted to prove to families that vocational training was important.
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Reading bank
5 Put the letters in brackets in the correct order to complete the paragraph. The
words are from the reading text. The first letter of each word is given.
Despite concerns regarding technological advances, it is clear that the workforce of the future
will still be required when dealing with 1c
(pmoelxc) products. In
factories throughout the world, robots are already being used to 2a
(bassemel) various components and put the products together. However, robots are unlikely to
completely 3r
(arpecle) a skilled workforce. A more intuitive range of
skills would be required to 4m
(amtianni) modern machinery in order to
keep it in top condition. This would include training employees to 5s
(sreivce) equipment regularly and to strict standards. As technology develops, workers will have
to adapt their skills, but the factories, offices and laboratories of tomorrow will still be run by
people – that is, 6q
(lqueaiifd) individuals working alongside intelligent
machines.
Importing the German vocational training system
A Germany’s apprenticeship programme, called the ‘dual vocational training programme’, gives
students theoretical education in the classroom, together with real-world experience on the factory
floor. And this is why it is highly recognised and admired worldwide – because of its combination of
theory and training in a real-life work environment.
10
B With the shift to software and robotics, many see Germany’s education programme becoming even
more important. ‘Automation and robots will primarily replace simple tasks,’ says Hermann Simon,
founder of consultancy Simon-Kucher & Partners. ‘But you still need workers who can make,
assemble, maintain and service complex products,’ he adds. ‘You could even say that the more
complex the products get, the more qualified workers have to be.’ So, it is important to ensure that the
programme stays up-to-date, and that graduates are skilled workers the industry will want to hire.
15
C Take BMW, for example. It has 4,600 apprentices training at nineteen locations, each learning one
of thirty competencies. Konstanze Carreras-Solé, head of apprentice training at the BMW Group
academy, says the programme is constantly changing to teach students new skills in areas such as
IT and 3D printing. Soon, BMW will even offer apprentices the ability to earn a bachelor’s degree,
without cost, as part of their training.
20
D The fact that vocational schemes can keep up with the times is one reason Germany has a 6.4 percent
unemployment rate for people under twenty-five, compared with an average of 19 percent across
Europe. Mr Simon warns that this success is not easy to replicate. One reason it thrives is because of
its roots in the German culture: more students choose vocational training than go to university. The
programme also fits into a wider cultural model that promotes social unity.
5
25
30
E So what does this mean for countries that are considering importing the German model? Horsovsky
Tyn is a small town in the Czech Republic where Gerresheimer, the German pharmaceuticals
packaging group, has its largest plant, with nearly 700 employees. Helmut Schweiger, head of the
plant, learned early on that hiring undereducated young people would not work. So he set up a joint
venture to provide free classroom and factory floor training, as in Germany. ‘It took us three years to
get young people interested,’ he recalls. ‘The problem was not girls and boys from school, but parents
and grandparents.’ Mr Schweiger had to convince entire families that learning skills would pay off in
the long term.
Asked what he thinks about the German model being implemented in other countries, he says that
it’s more about creating an environment that promotes social unity. ‘You can buy everything in a
company: the best materials, the best machinery. But you can never buy the best employees. You need
to make them loyal, proud and happy.’
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Unit 3
1 Read the title of the text. What do you think VC stands for? Read the first
paragraph quickly to check. Then read and complete the definition of VC below.
a virtual communication
b venture capital
c vice chancellor
VC (abbreviation for
someone so that they can start a new business
): money lent to
2 Before you read the rest of the text, check that you know the meaning of the
words in bold. Match 1–10 with a–j to complete the definitions.
1 If you close in on someone,
a it attracts a lot of people or things.
2 If something doubles,
b is a group of companies or organisations who are working
together to do something.
3 If something is a magnet for
someone/something,
c has money or goods that can be sold to pay debts.
4 If something pours into a place,
d you move closer to them.
5 A consortium
e it exists or is available in large quantities.
6 A domestic investor
f you cause them to do an activity or be in a situation.
7 Liquidity is when a business
g it comes quickly and in large amounts.
8 If something is abundant,
h invests in their own country rather than abroad.
9 When you propel someone or
something,
i
is the study of genes and their functions (DNA).
j
it becomes twice as big or twice as much in size, value, etc.
10 Genomics
3 Find the numbers (1–5) in the text and match them with the information they
relate to (a–e).
1 11,042
a rise in financing in Europe
2 17%
b investment in genomics in the US
3 40%
c estimated value of Didi Chuxing
4 $56 billion
d global VC deals
5 $2.5 billion
e increase in funding in the US
4 Complete the paragraph summarising part of the text with the companies in the box.
Didi Chuxing
Meituan-Dianping
SoftBank
Tencent
A competitor to taxi firm Uber is the Chinese company 1
. The
company has attracted investment from a number of sources, including
2
, a Japanese company. Another successful start-up from China is
3
, which offers a range of services via an app. Some
unicorns are making the move to public markets and are experiencing an increase in value.
Examples include successful technical companies such as 4
, which
are now investing heavily in Asian start-ups.
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5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of words from Exercise 2.
1 Last year investment across a range of industries nearly
2 Technical firms have become a
high.
3
.
for investors, but the risks remain
still prefer to put money into traditional sectors such as
manufacturing.
4 The three companies formed part of a
funding start-ups.
which specialised in
5 New companies can experience problems when they don’t have enough
available to cover costs.
Asia close to taking over US as world’s biggest
VC market
Asia is closing in on the US as the biggest home for venture capital, with total
funding reaching $70.8bn last year compared to America’s $71.9bn, according to
a recent report.
5
Global VC funding increased nearly 50 percent year on year to more than $164bn
invested across 11,042 deals, according to the report. In Asia, funding more than
doubled, while in the US it rose 17 percent year on year, but deal numbers fell to
5,052, the lowest level in years. Europe remained the world’s smallest VC market,
despite a 40 percent rise in financing to $17.6bn across 2,483 deals.
10
China is proving a magnet for capital, with money pouring into everything from
vehicle sharing apps to artificial intelligence and car-charging stations.
15
Didi Chuxing, the Chinese ride-sharing, artificial intelligence and autonomous
technology giant, recently announced a $4bn investment from a consortium that
included Japan’s SoftBank and Abu Dhabi state fund Mubadala Capital, as well as
domestic investors. That valued Didi Chuxing at $56bn, making it the world’s
second biggest *unicorn behind US rival Uber.
Other top-ranking Chinese unicorns, including Meituan-Dianping, an app that
enables users to book and buy meals, manicures and many other services, raised
$4bn late last year for a valuation of $30bn.
20
Some one-time start-ups such as handset maker Xiaomi are now looking at the
public markets, where liquidity is abundant, and tech companies in particular,
including China’s tech giants Tencent and Alibaba, are seeing their prices
propelled higher. Tencent and Alibaba are also big investors in start-ups in Asia.
Corporations, including their VC arms, were involved in more than a third of last
year’s deals in Asia.
25
Artificial intelligence attracted increasing financing, up to $5bn in the US last year,
while $2.5bn went into genomics in the US.
*
unicorn = a private start-up valued at $1 billion or more
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Unit 4
1 Read the text quickly and match the subheadings (1–4) with the sections (A–D).
1 Digital twins
2 Supply chain tracking
3 Cobots
4 The internet of things
2 Choose the sentence which best describes the writer’s attitude in the text.
A The writer has a negative attitude to technology, believing that it is likely to reduce the
number of jobs in the future and contribute to rising unemployment.
B The writer has a positive attitude to the topic, listing only positive points about the
technological advances discussed.
C The writer uses a neutral and factual tone, describing the technological changes and
reporting other people’s statements, attitudes and feelings.
3 Choose the correct option (a, b or c).
1 One definition of ‘the internet of things’ would be a digital connection between
a factories and workers.
b different computing devices.
c physical objects and humans.
2 A difference between traditional industrial robots and cobots is that
a cobots can be used to do a range of tasks.
b traditional robots are less expensive.
c cobots are heavier.
3 Digital twins technology means that when designing a car,
a it is no longer necessary to build a physical prototype.
b fewer physical prototypes are required.
c physical prototypes will require less material.
4 Use of digital technology in the supply chain has been positively affected by
a a reduction in the cost of power.
b a reduction in the size of computers.
c a reduction in the price of hardware.
4 Decide if these statements about sections B–D are true (T) or false (F).
B 1 A cobot can learn a task by copying the action that a human carries out.
2 It would usually take less time to program a traditional industrial robot.
C 3 CAD is used to test whether a design specification is successful.
4 The technology helps to improve and speed up the design process.
D 5 The technology tracks the goods from the warehouse to the customer.
6 It also provides information about the temperature of the computers collecting the data.
5 Match the words from the text (1–7) with their definitions (a–g).
1 mobile
a goods being transported by road, rail, sea or air
2 adaptable
b produce a computer model of something that has the appearance
or feeling of being real
3 repetitive
4 prototype
5 simulate
6 freight
7 sensor
c easy to move
d a device that detects or measures the presence of light, heat,
movement, etc.
e a model of something such as a machine, used to test the design
before it is produced
f able to change in order to be successful in different situations
g done many times in the same way, and boring
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6 Complete the sentences with the words in Exercise 5.
1 The robots can do the dangerous or
workers.
2 Computer software can now
improve aircraft design.
tasks rather than human
a range of flight conditions and
3 When testing the
, the engineer discovered that the mechanical
arm couldn’t function due to an error in the computer code.
4 The new machinery is smaller and more
can be moved to the factory or the warehouse as required.
, which means that it
5 We realised that the temperature of the goods was too high during transit because
the
sent the data to our computer in the factory.
6 This type of aircraft can carry passengers as well as
7 A business cannot be successful unless it is highly
change.
.
to economic
Connected devices bring sweeping changes to the factory floor
A
5
There is a constantly increasing growth in the number of physical objects that have a computer device
which enables them to connect with each other and to exchange flows of data. This is transforming
factory floors around the world. From robots that work with humans to tracking components
throughout the logistics system, the internet of things (IoT) is changing the way products are
designed, manufactured and distributed – and the role of humans in manufacturing.
B
Unlike traditional industrial robots, collaborative robots work alongside humans and have been
spreading across production lines. They are usually smaller, flexible and mobile, and cheaper than
traditional industrial robots. They are also slower, but they are highly adaptable and can perform
different tasks.
10
15
‘Cobots can learn by imitation. They usually have cameras with vision recognition software. You can
move the hand of the robot, you do a task and after a few minutes the robot is programmed,’ says
Jonathan Cohen of the RoboCap UCITS Fund. ‘This compares with 50 to 200 hours to program larger
industrial robots,’ he adds.
While many fear that cobots will steal people’s jobs, there are also those who support the idea. They
say that cobots can improve health and safety conditions for humans by performing repetitive tasks
that require uncomfortable movements – such as twisting or lifting heavy objects.
C
20
This term refers to a virtual model of a process, product or service and is sometimes described as a
bridge between the physical and digital world. Jan Mrosik, chief executive of German engineering
group Siemens’ digital factory division, explains: ‘In the past, you would have built a prototype of a
car body, and crashed it and deformed it, in order to find out whether your design met specifications.
With the digital twin, we take this CAD (computer-aided design) data and simulate crash properties
and deformation – everything around the mechanical part of this product.’ This can make the design
process quicker and less expensive by reducing the number of physical prototypes needed.
D
25
The ability to trace items sent by suppliers from truck to ship, train to warehouse and eventually
production line is becoming more sophisticated as the cost of hardware falls and computing power rises.
30
Connected freight and logistics systems used to track at the ship or truck level, but sensors can now
be placed on individual pallets of goods. Separate sensors inside transport vehicles and the final
destination factory detect the movement of goods. Data from these sensors is collected by computers,
showing the location of a shipment, as well as other factors during transit that affect the goods, such
as temperature.
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Unit 5
1 Before you read, check that you know the meaning of the verbs in italics. Choose
the correct option to complete the sentences. Use a dictionary if necessary.
1 The manufacturers anonymise / claim that the product is safe to use for an extended
period.
2 A new training programme might gather / boost employee performance.
3 Every shipment is tracked / spied by computer.
4 The employees gathered / snooped 250 signatures to support their demand.
5 The company aims to lift / gather sales by 6 percent this year.
6 Technology is making it easier to snoop / track on just about anybody these days.
7 All the data from the survey was anonymised / claimed, to protect the participants’
privacy.
8 I soon realised that my boss had asked Evans to spy / lift on me.
2 Read the whole text quickly. Which title could replace the current title of the text?
A Workers without checks perform better
B Smart office technology improves line management
C Spying on staff at work increases revenues
3 Read the first paragraph of the text quickly and number the actions (a–g) in the
order that the writer does them (1–7).
a checks emails
b starts computer
c arrives at work
d begins working
e talks about a film
f has a cup of tea
g has something to eat
4 Decide if these statements about paragraphs 2–7 are true (T), false (F) or if the text
doesn’t give this information (NG).
1 The writer’s company knows everything its staff does from the moment they arrive at
work.
2 The technology used by Humanyze can record conversations.
3 The conference Mr Waber spoke at was held on a Friday.
4 According to Mr Waber, Humanyze’s services helped the bank improve employee
motivation.
5 The writer can see why companies are interested in the technology but would want
more proof of its claims.
6 The ID card supplier Mr Waber has agreed to work with was founded fifteen years ago.
7 Mr Waber claims that the names of employees are removed from the data before it is
given to employers.
8 If asked by her employers, the writer would be happy to wear the tracking technology.
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5 Complete the sentences with the words/phrases in bold in the text.
1 The company makes claims for the new technology yet there is no
that it works.
2 When staff have worked together for a long time, they might not welcome new recruits
and may leave them out
.
3 The Milan branch has been the company’s
three years.
performer for the last
4 Improvements to staff performance don’t always need large changes; sometimes small
to working hours or office environment can be effective.
5 One of the reasons that the project was a success was because we have a
team and work well together.
6 The employees were
actually tracking devices.
to find out that their ID badges were
7 The candidate acted
qualifications for the job.
and admitted he did not have the right
8 It turned out that Amy had
told her.
about the meeting – no one had
Can office snooping improve employee performance?
5
10
15
20
I had breakfast the other day at a London restaurant with a man I recently met at a conference. I
arrived at the office some time after 10 a.m. and switched on my computer. Having checked a few
emails and scrolled through Twitter, I headed to the office kitchen for a cup of tea, where I bumped into
a colleague and we stopped to have a conversation. Then I started chatting with another colleague
about a film we had both seen. Eventually, I sat down to work.
My employers had no clue about any of this useless office activity. Nor would most large companies.
Yet I wonder how long it will be until they do. The man I met at the restaurant was Ben Waber, chief
executive of a Boston company called Humanyze, which claims it can boost a company’s revenues by
tracking what its employees actually do all day. It gathers data from ID badges hung around people’s
necks, which have microphones and sensors that know where you are and who you are talking to –
though not what you are saying.
I arranged to meet Mr Waber because although I knew companies had been testing worker-tracking
technology for years, I had not heard anyone describe its financial benefits. At a conference on the
modern workplace in London this month, Mr Waber described Humanyze’s work for a large European
bank that wanted to know why people selling loans in some of its branches were performing better
than those in other offices with similar types of customers.
Humanyze discovered the star branches had close-knit sales teams who worked well with each other.
Teams in the less successful branches were separated on different floors or got on so well they left new
employees out in the cold. The bank made some simple tweaks, moving staff around different floors
or giving managers €100 a week to take new employees out to lunch with longer-serving workers.
This helped lift the bank’s overall performance by more than 10 percent, according to Mr Waber.
This sounds very large to me and, if I were in a position to hire a company such as Humanyze, I would
want to see hard evidence. But the point is, it is easy to see why more employers are considering
snooping on their staff, and that is worrying.
25
Today, Humanyze has fewer than forty employees, but Mr Waber is hiring about eight people a month
and has just agreed to a partnership with a big ID card supplier, which means his systems should soon
spread to many different companies. I believe him when he says his company anonymises its data, only
gives its badges to employees who agree to wear them and only wants to make people more productive,
not outraged.
30
But Humanyze is just one of many companies entering this field, and it is hard to imagine all acting
honourably. And I know I will not be alone when I say that the day my badge starts spying on me is
the day I start looking for another job.
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Unit 6
1 Before you read, check that you know the meaning of the words in bold. Choose the
correct definition, a or b, for each word. Use a dictionary if necessary.
1 The investigators found that financial corruption had taken place over a long period
of time.
a dishonest or illegal behaviour
b a series of serious mistakes
2 The president was involved in a major financial scandal.
a an event that shocks people because it is illegal
b an idea that leads a company to success
3 The employee was prosecuted for posting private data online.
a suspected of a crime
b charged with a crime
4 The parents were so desperate for the students to pass the test that bribery was not
uncommon.
a buying illegal material from the internet
b illegally offering money or gifts in return for services
5 Finally, the product is sold to the end user through an intermediary.
a a person/company that sells goods or services to the public
b a person/company that acts as a means of communication between other
people/companies
6 The bank had manipulated figures to make it look as though the investments were doing
well when, in reality, they weren’t.
a change or edit data in order to misinform
b steal money and then replace it
7 Employees are often influenced by peer pressure from colleagues.
a a feeling that you must do the same things as other people
b a time when you feel you are not doing as well as other people
8 If they continue to act illegally, they will lose their liberty.
a respect for someone’s feelings or rights
b freedom
2 Read the text and complete the gaps (1–5) with the sentences (A–E).
A People who are new to an organisation, and who might be surprised at unethical behaviour,
come to assume it is acceptable.
B How can companies ensure they behave properly while still meeting sales targets,
especially in industries where bribery and payments to intermediaries are common, even
when they are illegal?
C It has also set up a 24-hour ethics hotline, which is available to staff worldwide.
D They need to start with the values: how they want to do their business.
E Or the Wells Fargo fraud, in which employees set up fake customer accounts.
3 Match the organisations (1–3) with the illegal activities mentioned in the text (a–d).
There is one extra activity which you do not need to use.
1 Rolls-Royce
a presented false technical results
2 Volkswagen
b opened illegal accounts without client permission
3 Wells Fargo
c avoided paying tax
d changed financial records
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4 Choose the sentence which best summarises paragraphs 3 and 4 of the text.
a When staff are put under pressure, they will usually act illegally.
b A company with a bad reputation is more likely to be corrupt.
c A mix of factors can create a working climate where illegal actions may occur.
d There is no way to stop corruption in a global company.
5 Complete the sentences with these words from the text.
cost
incentives
lines
pressure
status
1 Fear of missing out on financial
, such as large bonuses, may
encourage the manipulation of data to make profits appear better.
2 When a company demands unrealistic targets, it puts staff under
to perform.
3 Ambition is positive until the desire for
becomes more important than ethics.
4 Davies was determined to get the bonus at any
and professional titles
.
5 A good manager is one that can be trusted not to cross ethical
.
Corruption scandals show why leaders should highlight ethics
Recently, Rolls-Royce agreed to pay £671m to the authorities in the UK, the US and Brazil. In
return, the company will not be prosecuted for a number of charges, including corruption and false
accounting. The case, which is still continuing with the investigation of individuals, raises important
questions. 1
5
10
15
20
For Rolls-Royce, the answer lies in various changes. The company has introduced a staff training
programme on its policies on bribery, gifts and hospitality. It has reduced the number of intermediaries
it uses around the world, and says those it has kept understand what is expected of them. 2
Is this enough? Why ‘good companies’ do bad things is one of the most complex questions in business.
Take the Volkswagen diesel scandal, for example, in which the carmaker manipulated emissions tests.
3
They both involved highly respected companies. In the case of Wells Fargo, staff were
under pressure to hit targets. The push to make up the numbers often causes unethical behaviour.
The reason employees behave badly is usually more complicated, however. It is often a combination
of financial incentives, desire for status among colleagues and peer pressure that pushes employees
to cross ethical lines. They think that because everyone is doing it, it must be right. Whatever doubts
they have about what they are doing disappear if they notice not only that the practice is considered
‘If it is wrong,’ they think,
‘normal’, but also that it is encouraged by those at the top. 4
‘someone would have put a stop to it.’
In the above cases, someone did eventually put a stop to it. There were fines and penalties and
employees’ liberty was removed. For companies to ensure they do not reach that point, their boards
When it comes to financial targets, the board
and leaders must make firm decisions. 5
needs to say, ‘We will not reach the numbers at any cost.’
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Unit 7
1 Before you read, check that you know the meaning of the words in bold. Match
them with their definitions (a–h). Use a dictionary if necessary.
1 How much spam do you receive each day?
a while you are away
2 Do you use any strategies to filter unwanted emails?
b not kept informed
3 Is your inbox packed with hundreds, even
thousands, of old emails?
c completely full of
4 Do you know anyone who has a compulsion to
check messages very frequently?
d organise your thoughts
again
e unwanted emails
5 Do you ever ask anyone to check and reply to your
emails in your absence?
f a strong desire – almost an
addiction
6 Do you feel out of the loop if you don’t check your
messages regularly?
g block, remove or delete
7 How long would you be happy unplugging from any
electronic communication?
h not being connected to the
internet
8 How long does it take you to reorient yourself after
stopping work to check emails?
2 Answer the questions in Exercise 1 about yourself.
3 Read the text quickly and choose the sentence which best describes the main idea.
The writer:
a describes serious issues that can occur when staff do not have access to the internet.
b describes a new theory about how often employees should check their emails in order
to be more productive.
c notes that an old concept related to how often emails are read might be useful when
used in the modern workplace.
4 Read sections A and B and decide if these statements are true (T), false (F) or if the
text doesn’t give this information (NG).
1 Research carried out by Dan Russell showed that people usually responded to emails
within sixty seconds.
2 The writer usually sends at least eighteen emails during a working day.
3 Research suggests that people receive between eighty and ninety emails a day.
4 The writer thinks that thanks to smartphones, we now tend to check emails less often.
5 The writer’s colleagues email him about unimportant matters at least twice a day.
6 After an interruption, some people may take as long as thirty minutes to get back into
a task.
5 Read section C and answer the questions.
1 What were Mark and Voida trying to find out with the experiment?
2 What methods did they use to observe the participants?
6 Choose the option (a or b) which can replace the words/phrases in italics. The
correct words/phrases are in section C of the text.
1 When analysing the data, it’ll be important to consider how many responses were
received.
a keep a note of
b bear in mind
2 When the researchers conducted the experiments, they were surprised by the results.
a analysed
b carried out
3 The participants in the sleep experiment were men aged thirty to fifty.
a subjects of
b researchers doing
4 The exam is unlikely to take a complete day, so she should be back in the office by 12 p.m.
a full
b working
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7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the answers to Exercise 6.
1 Scientists had never
were eagerly anticipating the results.
this type of experiment before and they
2 The data was easy to collect but it took a
it was ready to publish.
3 For this experiment, the scientists need female
ages of twenty and twenty-five.
4 Staff need to
responded to quickly.
year of analysis before
between the
that sales are lost if customer emails are not
Control your inbox
A More than a decade ago, Dan Russell, a researcher at IBM, won attention for his
email signature: ‘Join the slow email movement! Read your mail just twice each
day. Recapture your life’s time and relearn to dream.’
5
10
15
That was unrealistic even then. While some people are slow to respond to email,
most of us are quick to check it. A 2003 study found that the typical email was
read within six seconds of arrival. Another study, from 2006, by computer
scientist Karen Renaud and colleagues, found that people would check their
email eighteen times an hour.
When I think about my own behaviour, eighteen times an hour sounds about
right. It’s like a nervous twitch, with the bonus that I can tell myself and others
that I’m being professional. It’s also insane: most of us do not actually receive
eighteen emails an hour. I don’t – not after filtering spam. One estimate of the
typical load is eighty to ninety emails a day, which suggests that half the time
Professor Renaud’s subjects checked email, they would have found nothing there.
B Smartphones, packed with e-messaging alternatives, can only have worsened
the compulsion to check for new messages. Nevertheless, Mr Russell was right:
there are ways in which email might be a lot more useful if we slowed it down.
20
If you check email no more than twice a day, problems solve themselves in your
absence. When a colleague emails the entire company asking whether anyone
has seen his coffee mug, the treasure will be found before anything hits your
inbox. Meetings will be announced, withdrawn because of a typo in the date,
then reannounced. It’s so much easier to wait.
25
And slow email should mean more time concentrating on a single task at a time.
We will no longer set aside important work to open the email browser tab, and
then on to Facebook, Twitter, Wikipedia or wherever. It takes time to reorient
ourselves after these self-interruptions; estimates vary from a few seconds to
half an hour.
30
35
C Bearing all this in mind, one might ask: What happens when our email is
turned off? Researchers Gloria Mark and Stephen Voida carried out just this
experiment, observing what happened to thirteen office workers when the
researchers disconnected their email for a week. The subjects were being watched,
electronically tracked and were even wearing heart monitors. They became
less stressed, stayed on task for longer and spoke to their colleagues more. They
sometimes felt a little out of the loop, but they survived the experience.
Unplugging for a full working week might be too much for most of us. It’s
certainly too much for me. So twice a day it shall be.
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Unit 8
1 Before you read, check that you know the meaning of the words in bold. Match
them with their definitions (1–8). Use a dictionary if necessary.
1 real or of a good standard
2 aware of something
3 a strategy or method
4 having lost your job because your employer no longer needs you
5 added to something
6 made a promise
7 an activity that you do as well as your main job
8 older
2 Read the text quickly and complete the subheadings (A–C) with the missing
information (1–3).
1 Stay-at-home parent to lawyer
2 Professional musician to coder
3 Corporate employee to freelance marketing consultant
3 Match the statements (1–8) with the people from the text (A–C).
This person:
1 is starting their first career role.
2 finds it difficult to estimate the time needed for a task.
3 started university as an adult to study for a professional qualification.
4 used artistic talent to earn money.
5 sometimes applied for the same jobs as other students.
6 finds networking a challenge.
7 used less formal ways to approach companies.
8 isn’t always confident when making presentations.
4 Decide if these statements are true (T) or false (F).
1 The writer believes that due to a number of factors people are likely to have multiple
careers during their working life.
2 The people the writer follows are changing direction early in their career.
3 Mr Rondinone has not worked as a software engineer before.
4 His new position will pay slightly less than what he earned in the past.
5 Ms Davenport’s aim for the coming year is to set a rate for her time.
6 As far as she is aware, the rest of the students on Ms Altaparmakova’s course do not
balance study with caring for a young family.
5 Complete the sentences with these words/phrases from the text.
cold calling
come naturally
frustrating
fulfilled
nervous
on track
1 She wants a change because she’s no longer satisfied in her current role and doesn’t
feel
.
2 Most people feel
number of strategies which can help.
when speaking in public, but there are a
3 My previous job mostly involved
– we were given a list of people
to phone and we had to try to sell them financial products.
4 One of the most
aspects of job hunting is when a company
ignores your application and doesn’t even send an email to let you know you weren’t
successful.
5 Over the years, his interview skills have improved but it still doesn’t
to him.
6 Are you still
to finish the report by the end of the week?
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Reading bank
Big year ahead: the career changers
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
As we live longer, retire later and employment becomes less secure, it seems likely
future workers will have two, three or even more careers over their lifetimes. Last
year, I began following some people as they changed careers in the middle of their
working lives. I caught up with them this month to find out whether they were still
on track, and their hopes and fears for the coming year.
A Anthony Rondinone, 33 –
Former saxophonist, Mr Rondinone finished his coding training at App Academy
in New York at the end of September. Then he started his job hunt, which at times
was frustrating, particularly when a fellow student landed a job that he wanted.
With no computer science degree or previous industry experience, the thirtythree-year-old has found the best tactic to secure interviews is to request informal
meetings with potential employers. Mr Rondinone supplemented his savings by
selling artworks – a sideline he developed over the years. He was offered a job as a
software engineer at Persado, a marketing technology company, which will pay 43
percent more than his previous salary. He starts this week.
B Kimberley Davenport, 45 –
Since she was made redundant last year, Ms Davenport has learned to be
confident in her abilities. She worked for J Sainsbury’s, the supermarket,
for twenty-two years, most recently in marketing. ‘When you work for a big
company, you have the power of their name behind you, but when you’re out in
the world alone, it can be pretty daunting,’ she says. Setting a price for her time
has been one of the most difficult tasks. ‘I’ve set myself a day rate and an hourly
rate, but it’s hard knowing how long a job will take until you’ve done it.’ Ms
Davenport has been nervous when presenting to big organisations: ‘What if I say
something and they all laugh?’ In the new year, she has pledged to be braver. ‘I
am not very good at cold calling, but I’ve had to make myself approach people
and offer my services, which doesn’t come naturally.’
C Collette Altaparmakova, 39 –
As a mature student, Ms Altaparmakova believes she is the only person on
her course who has had to handle revision at the same time as children’s plays
and violin exams. But she is conscious that next year, when she starts work
as a trainee lawyer, she will have even less control over her time. She will start
working at Linklaters in March. ‘This will be my first proper job. And I will turn
forty. It’s a big year. I feel fulfilled, I feel happy,’ she says.
Have you changed careers? Tell us about your experiences in the comments below.
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Reading bank Answer Key
Unit 1
Unit 5
1 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
transformation
rigid
influx
tribe
poach
window dressing
constricted
2 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
head of technology
Amazon
manager
Deutsche Bank
head of innovation
Citi FinTech
eBay/PayPal
PayPal/eBay
1 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2 C
3 1 g 2 c 3 b 4 a 5 f 6 e 7 d
4 1 F 2 F 3 NG 4 F 5 T 6 NG 7 T 8 F
5 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3 1 E 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 B
4 1 F 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T
Unit 2
1 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 b 6 a 7 b
1 1 a 2 a 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 a 7 a 8 b
3 1 NG 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 NG 6 F
2 1 B 2 C 3 E 4 A 5 D
4 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 a
3 1 d 2 a 3 b
complex
assemble
replace
maintain
service
qualified
4 c
5 1
2
3
4
5
Unit 3
2 1 d 2 j 3 a 4 g 5 b 6 h 7 c 8 e 9 f 10 i
4 1
2
3
4
Didi Chuxing
SoftBank
Meituan-Dianping
Tencent
5 1
2
3
4
5
doubled
magnet
Domestic investors
consortium
liquidity
Unit 4
1 A 4 B 3 C 1 D 2
2 C
3 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 c
4 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 F
5 1 c 2 f 3 g 4 e 5 b 6 a 7 d
6 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
repetitive
simulate
prototype
mobile
sensor
freight
adaptable
incentives
pressure
status
cost
lines
Unit 7
1 b, venture capital
3 1 d 2 e 3 a 4 c 5 b
hard evidence
in the cold
star
tweaks
close-knit
outraged
honourably
no clue
Unit 6
2 1 E 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 D
5 1
2
3
4
5
6
claim
boost
tracked
gathered
lift
snoop
anonymised
spy
1 1 e 2 g 3 c 4 f 5 a 6 b 7 h 8 d
2 Students’ own answers
3 c
4 1 F 2 NG 3 T 4 F 5 NG 6 T
5 1 what happens when our email is turned off
2 The participants were watched, electronically tracked and
wore heart monitors.
6 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 a
7 1
2
3
4
carried out
full
subjects
bear in mind
Unit 8
1 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
proper
conscious
tactic
redundant
supplemented
pledged
sideline
mature
2 1 C 2 A 3 B
3 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 B
4 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 F 6 T
5 1
2
3
4
5
6
fulfilled
nervous
cold calling
frustrating
come naturally
on track
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Writing
bankbank
Writing
1
Lead-in
Blogs and newsletters
Company blogs and newsletters can be a useful way to communicate with staff. Here are
some guidelines to consider before you write material for inclusion in a blog or newsletter:
1 Company blogs and emails are often for internal communication but are sometimes seen
by people outside the company. Language can be informal or semi-formal but should
always take the audience into consideration.
2 Both blogs and newsletter articles should contain the key information you wish to
communicate but are not extended pieces of writing. Descriptions and details can be
included but are best when kept brief.
Model answers
Newsletter
Brazil awaits!
I’d like to make all teams aware of an excellent opportunity that we hope you’ll be
excited to hear about. Mentor for Success is a charity which sends international
teams to locations all around the world to help young people develop career skills.
The charity recently approached our organisation to enquire whether any of our
employees might be interested in taking part in its next project.
You will all be aware that we have recently started a new initiative for staff to have
paid sabbaticals to take part in approved voluntary projects. So, we will be working
together with Mentor for Success to arrange for one of our teams to travel to Brazil
for two weeks, to work with young people and offer coaching and career support.
Full training will be given during work hours and all flights and accommodation
will be covered.
To apply, make a video presentation with your team, explaining why you would like
to be considered for this opportunity and outlining the skills of different team
members. This does not need to be serious – make your presentation fun and
interesting and capture our attention.
You will all receive an email in the next week with full details of how to apply. In
the meantime, take a look at the Mentor for Success blog for some feedback from
one of the participants from a previous scheme.
Blog
Opportunity of a lifetime
I was fortunate to be selected as a member of the team for a Mentor for Success
project in Indonesia. I can genuinely say that it was one of the best experiences that I
have ever had.
We were given excellent training, which was not only useful for the project, but can
also be applied to your own career goals. We all arrived feeling fully prepared and
supported.
When we arrived in Ubud in Bali, we had a team-building day with participants from
Germany, Japan and Uzbekistan. During the day, we worked with local schools to run
workshops on a variety of business topics. The young people who attended made us
feel very welcome and were focused and attentive during the seminars.
In the evenings and at the weekends we had many opportunities to travel and
explore the beautiful countryside. By the time our visit came to an end, we had
gained confidence by sharing our knowledge and skills and made wonderful new
friends, and we returned to our organisations with new energy. This really is a once in
a lifetime opportunity – best of luck to all those applying for the next project!
Click on the link below to view a video of the Indonesia project.
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Writing bank
Functional language
Blogs and newsletters
Section
Examples
Title
Blogs
Newsletters
Opportunity of a lifetime
Brazil awaits!
Two weeks in Indonesia!
Mentor for Success Brazil project
New opportunity for all staff!
Introduction
I was fortunate to be
selected as a member of
the team for a project in …
Want some time off work? Then you’ll
be delighted to hear about this amazing
opportunity.
As some of you may
know, I recently joined an
international team …
I’d like to make all teams aware of an
excellent opportunity.
We are happy to announce that our
company …
Staff are sure to be delighted to learn that …
Main
information
We were given excellent
training.
We are offering employees the opportunity
to join an international team to …
We all arrived feeling fully
prepared and supported.
The charity recently approached our
organisation to enquire … and …
During the day, we
worked with local schools
to run workshops.
We are offering you the chance to join an
international team …
In the evenings and at the
weekends we had many
opportunities to travel.
Conclusion
This really is a once in a
lifetime opportunity.
I can genuinely say that
it was one of the best
experiences that I have
ever had.
To apply, make a video presentation with
your team, explaining why you would like
to be considered.
You will all receive an email in the next
week with full details of how to apply.
If you want to participate, then act now!
For more information on how to apply,
contact Ian White in Marketing.
If you are interested in joining, contact HR.
Best of luck to all those
applying for the next
project!
Linking to
additional
content
Click on the link to view
a video of the Indonesia
project.
Email us if you would like a brochure.
Read about another
participant’s experience
here.
In the meantime, take a look at the Mentor
for Success blog for …
Join our LinkedIn page for more
information on programmes.
News and plans
Recent news
Last month, the Sales team organised a quiz night, which was a great
success.
We have recently started a new initiative for staff to have paid
sabbaticals to take part in approved voluntary projects.
The staff summer party in July was a spectacular event.
Current news
Employees can now take advantage of extra discounts.
We are sad to say goodbye to one of our longest-serving team members.
The employee survey contains very positive feedback.
The new international menu in the canteen is proving popular. This week
the theme is Mexican dishes.
Future plans
The IT department will be running workshops to help us all update our
computer skills.
We will be working with the organisation to arrange for one of our
teams to assist in the project.
From next month, all employees will be offered the opportunity to work
from home one day a week.
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Writing bank
2
Lead-in
Emails
The content and style of emails may differ from country to country. Here are some
questions to think about before you write work-related emails:
1 Who will read your email? In general, emails are either informal (more like spoken
English) or formal/semi-formal (similar to a business letter). Emails to senior staff or
people outside of your organisation usually use more formal language than those sent
to work colleagues.
2 What style and tone do you need to use? Remember that this sometimes depends on
the recipient’s country/culture.
3 How will you organise the information in your email? Always remember to check that
the end result is polite and clear.
Model answers
Informal email
Hi Alicia,
I wanted to apologise for the problems on our recent project. I’m sorry that we
missed the agreed deadline of Friday 19th.
This was because of problems with our supplier, which we were informed about
at very short notice. I’ve now managed to source alternative materials that
match the quality and price required.
The completed design will be with you by Monday 22nd. We’ve made contact
with another supplier to make sure that these problems don’t occur again with
future prototypes.
Thanks for your patience and understanding while we resolved the issue and
I’m sorry for any inconvenience this may have caused.
Do let me know if you have any queries. The revised schedule is attached.
Best wishes,
Kasia
Formal email
Dear Mr Evans,
I would be most grateful if you would consider putting forward my application
for a place on one of the training courses that are currently being arranged for
September.
Please find below details of the requested course:
Course number: AV12/20
Course title: Coaching and mentoring
The course would be most useful as my role has recently been expanded and
now includes creating mentoring programmes for our interns and graduate
trainees.
Would you be able to let me know if funding for the course is available as I
would need to confirm my place by Thursday 18th?
Sincere thanks for considering my request. You will find my completed
application form attached.
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need any additional information.
Yours sincerely,
Stefan Nowak
Induction Manager
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Writing bank
Functional language
Opening and closing an email
Greeting
Formal/Semi-formal
Informal
Dear Sir or Madam,
Hi/Hello Lee,
Dear Ms/Mrs/Miss/Mr/Dr,
Concluding
Please do not hesitate to contact
me if you need any additional
information.
Please let me know if you have
any queries.
Sincere thanks for considering my
request.
Do let me know if you have any
queries.
Feel free to contact me if you have
any questions.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Thanks for your patience and
understanding.
I look forward to hearing from
you.
Signing off
Yours sincerely,
Best wishes,
Kind regards,
All the best,
Sincerely,
Best,
Regards,
Yours,
Referring to
attachments
Please find attached …
I’ve attached …
You will find attached …
You’ll find the … attached.
You will find … attached.
Please review and sign the
contract attached.
Requests
Function
Formal/Semi-formal
Informal
Making a
request
I would be most grateful if you
would consider my application.
I’d really appreciate it if you’d
let me know your opinion of the
course.
Would it be possible to request
funding for this programme?
I am writing to request your
assistance concerning the matter
of our business communication.
I would appreciate it if you could
send me a brief update on the
project.
Responding
to a request
I would be delighted to put your
name forward.
I regret that we will not be able
to run the course due to reduced
funding.
Giving
reasons for a
request
The coaching would be most
useful in my new role.
The most important reason is that
it would enhance the team’s skill
set.
It is vital to finalise the report by
the end of the week so that it can
be reviewed by Mr Harris.
Can you tell me if there are still
places available?
I was wondering if you could
confirm the date for our next
meeting.
Would you mind re-sending the
project update?
I’d be happy to help with this.
I’m afraid that won’t be possible
at the moment.
It’d be of practical use because
the focus is on programming
skills.
This could help with the project
management issues that we’ve
had recently.
I’ve only just received the report,
so there’s been a slight delay.
As we are preparing for our next
review meeting, it would be very
helpful if you could send me this
month’s figures.
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Writing bank
Problems, reasons and required action
Function
Formal/Semi-formal
Informal
Introducing
a problem
I regret to inform you that we are unable to
deliver the products on the agreed date.
Unfortunately, we won’t be
able to send you the final
report before Friday.
Despite our best efforts, we are sorry to inform
you that your order may be delayed.
Unfortunately, unexpected problems have arisen
with your order.
Apologising
Saying what
went wrong
I would like to offer my sincere apologies for the
late delivery.
I wanted to apologise for the
problems on our project.
Please accept our apologies for the recent issues
with your order.
I’m really sorry that we missed
the deadline.
This was due to problems with our contractor.
This was because of problems
with our supplier.
The issue was caused by a breakdown in
communication.
There seems to have been a change of direction
regarding materials.
There were three main issues. …
Outline
action
points
In order to resolve the issue, we have adjusted
the schedule.
We have now taken steps to improve
communication.
The issue will not occur again as the technology
has been updated.
We will endeavour to send you the completed
documents by the end of the week.
3
Lead-in
Model answer
I’m afraid there’s been a delay
with the project.
We were let down by one of
our buyers.
It was mainly down to a
misunderstanding about
schedules.
We’ve made contact with
another supplier to make
sure that this doesn’t happen
again.
This won’t happen again
as we’ve replaced the
equipment.
We’ll get the outstanding
information to you by Friday.
Annual reports – summaries
An annual report gives information about a company’s activities throughout the year. It may contain
information about financial performance and the success and challenges that an organisation has
experienced. Annual reports are often long documents, so the main information is often paraphrased in
the executive summary. Longer official reports may also contain executive summaries. The style, layout
and content may differ from company to company. The documents may be seen by shareholders and
stakeholders outside of the company.
Executive summary
This report provides an overview of the past year in our organisation. There have been
major changes in our industry, which have created challenges not only in terms of profit,
but also in terms of manpower.
The report finds that prospects for the company in its current position remain positive.
Recent audits revealed areas of weakness, which will require further investigation and action
by management. However, investigation revealed that timely and appropriate action was
carried out to prevent any negative impact on the company and its finances. The ethos of
this company is that we communicate transparently and learn from mistakes. In the spirit of
this, in this annual report we publish for the first time all figures relating not only to profit
and loss but also to salaries and bonuses for the senior management team and board of
directors. All tables and data relating to these figures can be found in the appendices.
One of the key highlights of the year has been the ongoing efforts of staff, shareholders and
stakeholders to work together to create a closer relationship between the company and the
community. As well as taking part in educational programmes and offering information
workshops to present key projects, employees have also raised over €70,000 for local
projects. We will continue these initiatives in the coming year and would like to thank all
those who have supported and taken part in these efforts.
This has been a challenging and a rewarding year and we remain in a strong position thanks
to each and every one of you.
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Writing bank
Functional language
The executive summary is found at the start of an annual report. It summarises key
information from the report.
Section
Example
Introduction/
Overview
The purpose of this report is to outline the successes and
challenges of the last year.
The aim of the report is to explore some of the changes our
industry is currently experiencing.
2018 was a year of very significant changes within Media Solutions.
The last year has seen some very positive changes at WANSA.
Financial results
Profits showed no sign of slowing despite a difficult year for the
industry.
The price of oil increased, which had an impact on results for the
first quarter.
Sales revenues rose by 2 percent in the third quarter.
Exchange rates remained steady for most of the last quarter.
Success
We are pleased to report that this has been an excellent year.
The marketing campaign was a great success.
Customer satisfaction reached an all-time high.
Staff responded well to the challenges and helped us succeed in a
difficult climate.
Despite a difficult first quarter, we have ended the year with record
profits.
After a steady recovery over two quarters, we achieved good
results.
We were able to raise our sales revenues by 4 percent.
Each and every one of you has contributed to our ongoing success.
Challenges
Our industry has faced many challenges over the last twelve
months.
The main problem was the volatile market.
The change of legislation meant that amendments needed to be
made to policy.
The drop in revenue was because of changes in the exchange rate.
There were two main reasons for the disappointing results.
Production was held up due to mechanical problems.
As a result, the supplier was unable to meet the deadline.
The consequence of this was that interest rates rose by 2 percent.
This adverse publicity had an impact on brand loyalty.
The launch date had to be postponed.
Recommendations
To improve customer satisfaction, we should employ more call
centre workers to cut down on wait times.
The warehouse needs to be moved to a location where it will be
able to utilise the excellent transport links.
It is therefore suggested that recruitment procedures are reviewed.
Future outlook
The forecast for the coming year looks promising.
The outlook gives us cause to be optimistic.
We need to prepare ourselves for difficult times.
We remain in a strong position, but we also need to be aware that
we are in an industry where it will be necessary to be flexible and
adaptable.
We will continue these initiatives in the coming year.
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Writing bank
4
Lead-in
Model answer
Proposals
Proposals are a form of formal correspondence and their format and style may vary from
company to company. An internal proposal can be brief and may be presented in an email
or as part of a report. Proposals sent to organisations outside of the company are generally
longer and more detailed as they may be used to apply for money in the form of grants, loans
or funding for a project or to provide information for shareholders or stakeholders to enable
them to make decisions. Both shorter and longer proposals would contain an outline of the
purpose of the proposal and summarise key information such as plans, costs and schedules.
Proposal to reduce waste in the office environment
This proposal aims to recommend strategies to promote waste reduction within
the office environment. During the last year we have taken significant steps to
reduce waste in the warehouse and factory areas. However, recent research
indicates that as a company, we have been less successful in meeting our targets
within our offices.
To rectify this, we suggest reorganising the office layout in order to create
dedicated recycling areas in each department. To avoid disruption to our staff,
the most efficient time to schedule this would be during the weekend. We
recommend that a test department is selected and the work carried out within
the next month.
It is expected that initial costs would be less than €3,000 and we would see
further reductions in waste should we commit to reorganising the remaining
departments.
Therefore, we propose that work on the initial department proceeds within the
next month. In conclusion, we would recommend that the results should be
monitored prior to proceeding with the remaining offices in the building.
Functional language
Introduction/
Purpose
statement
This proposal aims to recommend strategies to reduce waste.
This proposal evaluates the use of robotic equipment on the factory
floor.
This proposal is intended to present a lower-cost alternative to our
current product line.
I propose that we carry out market research to identify areas to
improve in our current range.
Problems and
solutions
Recently, there have been complaints about unreturned phone calls.
Recent research suggests we have been less successful in meeting our
targets.
The most efficient option would be to update the computer software.
To rectify this, we suggest reorganising the office layout.
We recommend that a test department is selected.
Plan, costs and
schedule
It is expected that initial costs would be less than €3,000.
Despite the high cost, it is anticipated that we would be able to cover
our investment within six months.
We suggest that work on the initial department proceeds within the
next month.
The contractors have guaranteed that they can complete the
extension by the end of June.
Conclusion
I therefore propose we purchase new generators for the plant.
In conclusion, we would recommend that the results should be
monitored.
To sum up, we feel that due to the current economic climate, this
would not be the best time to invest.
Therefore, we propose that work on the initial department proceeds
within the next month.
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Writing bank
5
Lead-in
Performance review summaries
A performance review summary may be communicated in an email, letter or other forms
of formal correspondence. The information provides a summary of the key points from an
appraisal or performance review meeting and will usually include useful feedback such
as highlighting areas of strength or achievement as well as those where further training
or support might be required. Here are some questions to think about before you write a
performance review summary:
1 What format is usually used for this form of communication?
2 What style of communication (neutral, friendly, formal) would be expected by the reader?
Model answer
Further to our performance review meeting on Friday, please find below a
summary of the main points discussed.
I am pleased to report that you have performed well during your internship with
the company. You have contributed well to the team, and feedback from your
colleagues has been exceptionally positive. You have demonstrated an ability to
show initiative, and some of your suggestions have significantly improved project
management procedures in the department. It has also been observed that your
timekeeping and ability to meet deadlines have been very good.
Nevertheless, areas for improvement have been noted. These include extending
computer-coding skills and improving knowledge of how your present role
interacts with other departments within the company. This can easily be resolved
with additional training – please find attached details of suggested courses.
Overall, this has been a very positive start with the company and I have no
hesitation in offering you a permanent role with the department.
Functional language
Introduction
Further to our performance review meeting, please find below a summary of
the main points discussed.
Positive
comments
I am pleased to report that you have performed well during your internship.
You have contributed well to the team.
Feedback from your colleagues has been exceptionally positive.
You have demonstrated an ability to show initiative.
Some of your suggestions have significantly improved project management
procedures.
It has been observed that your timekeeping and ability to meet deadlines have
been very good.
You delegate work to match people’s skills.
You adapt well to changes and show a flexible attitude.
Your work indicates a good knowledge of marketing strategy.
Constructive
criticism
Nevertheless, areas for improvement have been noted.
These include extending computer skills and improving knowledge of other
departments within the company.
This can sometimes lead to communication problems.
Despite the good results, there has been some conflict within the team and this
has not always been addressed effectively.
You always complete the tasks quickly. However, accuracy needs to be improved.
Unfortunately, the results indicate that time management may be an issue.
There are three main areas where we would expect improvement: …
Suggested
action
This can easily be resolved with additional training.
We feel you would benefit from a training programme to improve your skills.
We will monitor progress over the next three months.
Conclusion
Overall, this has been a very positive start.
We are very pleased with your performance.
We are confident that we will see an improvement in your next review.
Keep up the good work!
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Writing bank
6
Lead-in
Model answer
Press releases
Press releases are documents produced to communicate information to the media. They
can be used to inform the media of changes and new ventures or to respond to recent
positive or negative developments relating to a company. Language would normally be
formal, but the writing style should also present information in an interesting way.
Press release
Atel and Yewserv in joint venture to expand global virtual service
Atel and Yewserv have announced that they are entering into a joint venture to expand their
operations in Asia.
‘Two market leaders in the virtual assistant service industry are joining together to create a
luxury concierge service,’ said Kejld Moller, CEO of Atel. The move follows months of
speculation that this could be the first step in formalising a merger between the two
companies. Mr Moller refused to confirm or deny the rumours. ‘We are all expecting great
things from this partnership,’ he said.
The new concierge service is aimed at the luxury travel market and includes tie-ins with top
hotel chains around the world. Mr Moller commented, ‘Our clients are high-achieving
professionals who expect the best and who believe that business and pleasure can work
together. Our new service will make that a reality wherever you are on the planet.’
The launch of the new venture was originally scheduled for February, but has now been
moved to April. Mr Moller apologised for the delay, stating that it was essential to get all the
details right before taking such an important step.
There is already considerable excitement around the eagerly anticipated online marketing
campaign. A buzz has been created using short previews of the ads on social media. Previews
will be available to the media from 2 April prior to the main launch on 4 April. The official
launch will be followed by a star-studded celebration dinner.
For more information about the launch, click on the link below.
Functional language
News/Key
facts
Atel and Yewserv have announced that they are entering into a joint venture to expand
their operations in Asia.
The company has announced an independent review in January.
More than 200 holidays were cancelled and a further 300 were affected by travel delays.
Further
details
The new service is aimed at the luxury travel market.
Previews will be available to the media from 2 April prior to the main launch on 4 April.
The new logo will feature Atel’s green and yellow tree design alongside Yewserv’s
vibrant orange background.
Quoting
and
reporting
‘Two market leaders are joining together to create a luxury concierge service,’ said Kejld
Moller, CEO of Atel.
The CEO assured customers that compensation claims would be dealt with quickly.
Ms Ross pointed out that the company has one of the best safety records in the industry.
Nevertheless, shareholders have been promised a full investigation.
Mr Moller apologised for the delay, stating that it was essential to get all the details right
before taking such an important step.
Creating
interest
Ms Anand, famed for her action-packed lifestyle, recently coordinated part of the project
using virtual assistants while climbing one of the highest mountains in the world.
There is already considerable excitement around the online marketing campaign.
A buzz has been created using short previews of the ads on social media.
The news has generated speculation that the company may be planning a move into the
technology sector.
There has been anticipation amongst fans following news that the final novel in the
series will be published this September.
Contact
details
For more information about the launch and to obtain high resolution images of the new
logo, contact: Lukas Moran, Press Office.
Further information is available on our website.
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Prononciation
Functional language bank
1
Lead-in
Networking skills
Some business practices may differ from country to country. Here are some questions to
research before you meet business contacts:
1 When presenting yourself to new people, how much information would you expect to
include? Is it usual to list achievements as well as experience?
2 At networking events, would it be usual to take the opportunity to talk in detail about
products and services or would the initial discussion focus on small talk?
Introductions
Introducing yourself
Responding to an introduction
Hi/Hello, my name’s Martin.
It’s a pleasure to meet you.
Can I introduce myself? I’m Chris.
Pleased/Good/Nice to meet you.
I’m Sam, from the London office.
Presenting yourself
Sometimes it is necessary to present yourself to new colleagues or a team and share some
information about your experience and position.
Greeting
I’m very happy to be working with you all.
It’s great to be part of the team.
I’m delighted to be here in the Tokyo office.
Background
I was born in France and raised in Beijing, so I speak French and
Mandarin as well as English.
I studied in the USA and Australia before settling in Dubai.
I joined the company in March. Before that I worked at OJD
Electronics for three years in Accounts.
I’m usually based in Berlin but I’ll be working with you in the Rio
office for the next six months.
Role and
responsibilities
My current role is in training.
Interests
When I’m not working, I enjoy skiing and travelling.
I’m responsible for implementing the new computer system.
I was delighted to hear that there’s a company football team
because I’m keen on playing football when not working.
In my free time I like going to concerts and plays.
Referring to others
Like Katrina, my background is in statistics.
Like all of you, I want to find the most effective way to
communicate our findings.
My experience is similar to Harry’s in that I was an intern at the
company before joining full time.
I worked with Chloe in the Gdansk office.
Referring to the
company/project/
team
I’ve heard great things about this department.
Closing
If you need anything, just let me know.
It’s an honour to be working on this project.
Thanks for listening to me and I’m looking forward to getting to
know all of you over the coming days and weeks.
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Functional language bank
Showing
interest
There are different strategies for showing interest during a conversation. It is polite to keep
your attention focused on the speaker and to use body language (make eye contact, nod,
smile, etc.) as well as words to show that you are paying attention.
Commenting
Really?
That’s interesting!
Right.
OK.
I see.
Asking questions
Can you tell me more about the project?
Do you work with the PR team?
Clarifying
Did you say that you used to work in Singapore?
So, the team has weekly meetings. Is that face-to-face or
teleconferencing?
Showing your
research
I noticed on your website that you’ve opened an office in Geneva.
Repeating back
So you have a team-building course twice a year.
Your company brochure was very informative.
It’s interesting to hear that you used to work in marketing.
Body language
nodding
smiling
facing the person speaking
making occasional eye contact
Sales
Showing
customer
knowledge
So, I hear that you’ve branched out into events management.
Introducing your
company
We specialise in logistics solutions for small to medium-sized
companies.
I noticed on your website that you’re extending the product range.
You’ve recently moved offices, haven’t you?
My company builds websites for the events industry.
Our expertise is in digital strategy and live events.
Explaining how
your product or
service can help
Our services can help you to settle into your new offices quickly and
efficiently.
Our products enable you to optimise your network to improve
performance and minimise costs.
We provide solutions for transport and delivery problems to help you
improve customer satisfaction.
Your business will benefit if you can find more efficient vendors before
you lose customers.
Talking about
details
There are a variety of packages to fit different budgets.
We can install a new system within five days.
Our team works closely with you to monitor quality control.
Asking questions
Does that sound like it might be of interest?
Can your current supplier offer similar delivery dates?
Showing
conviction
I really believe that this could help your profit margin.
I am convinced that this would work well for your company.
There’s no doubt in my mind that this is the best product on the
market and I’d love you to see it in action.
I am absolutely certain that we can offer exactly what you are
looking for.
Suggesting next
steps
Would you be willing to talk about this further?
Perhaps we could set up a meeting to discuss this next week.
Can I arrange a product demonstration so that you can see how this
would benefit your company?
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Functional language bank
2
Lead-in
Meeting skills
Some business practices may differ from country to country. Here are some questions to research
if you are attending meetings in a different country:
1 How formal will the meeting be? Some meetings can be more informal, similar to discussions,
while others will be clearly structured with a clearly defined focus and written agenda.
2 How will the meeting take place? When teams work in different geographic locations and
time zones, meetings might be a mix of using teleconferencing, telephone and face-to-face
interaction. In these scenarios, it is particularly important to make points clearly and to seek
clarification when needed.
Introductions
and opening
Participation
Welcoming
participants
Thank you all for coming today.
It’s great to see you all here today.
Thank you all for coming at such short notice.
Introducing
participants
Does everyone know each other?
Could we go round and say a little about our roles?
Most of you know each other, but I’d also like to welcome Hannah from Marketing,
who has kindly agreed to join us today.
Opening the
meeting
If we’re all here, let’s get started.
Since everyone is here now, let’s begin.
OK, let’s start by looking at the first point on the agenda.
Stating the
meeting
objectives
We’re here to discuss the new delivery software.
The main focus/goal of this meeting is to hear your ideas about ways to improve
customer care.
You’ll see from the agenda that we are here to agree changes to the ordering process.
Has everyone had a chance to look at the agenda?
By the end of this meeting, we should have ideas for our new advertising campaign.
Encouraging
participation
Kayo, you have experience with this market. What are your thoughts?
Klaus, it’d be useful to have your opinion on this.
What do you think, Luiz?
Christina, would you be able to explain the aim of the project?
We’d like to hear everyone’s ideas.
Does anyone have anything to add?
Could you expand on this point for us?
Can you elaborate on that?
Brainstorming
ideas
How about considering flexitime?
Why don’t we open the sales lines an hour earlier?
It might be worth running a competition.
Maybe we could carry out a survey?
Have you considered speaking to the supplier?
One/Another thing to consider is the quality of the product.
One option might be to increase prices.
Adding to that idea/what Amy said, we could also focus on locally grown products
more.
Agreeing/
Disagreeing
That’s a good point.
That could work.
That could be worth a try.
We could give it a go.
That’s an interesting suggestion. Let’s keep it in mind.
I can see your point, but that would be very difficult to implement.
An alternative view is that the team performed well in difficult circumstances.
I’m not keen on the idea of replacing all our equipment.
I’m not sure that would work.
We seem to have agreement on some of the key points but not on all the details.
We can all agree that (we want the project to be successful).
Clarifying
and
asking for
clarification
By that, I mean we need to increase the budget.
What I’m trying to say is, I’m not sure that would work.
To put it another way, we need to cut costs.
Can I check what you mean by ‘extend the schedule’?
Sorry, I didn’t catch that. Could you go over that again, please?
Can I check that I understood that point correctly?
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Functional language bank
Managing a
meeting
Keeping to
the point
We seem to have moved away from the subject.
Let’s get back to the main topic, shall we?
So what’s your main point, Ana?
Let’s talk more about that next time we meet.
This is not on today’s agenda, so let’s leave it for our next meeting.
I’m afraid we’ll have to come back to this later.
Managing
time
We’re running out of time, so we need to move on to the next point.
Perhaps we need to discuss that topic in a separate meeting?
Time is pressing, so let’s make a decision.
That’s all the time we have on this topic.
We have a lot to discuss, so can we keep to the agenda and save any
additional points for the end?
Managing
interruptions
Let’s hear some other views on this.
We’ll come to you next, Sonja. Amal, please continue with what you
were saying.
We’ll come to that point in a moment, Mario.
Let’s let Ben finish his point.
Discussing
performance
Discussing
what went
well
Let’s start with the positives.
Overall, it’s been a very good year.
On the whole, it turned out to be a success.
Generally speaking, we are very pleased with the progress.
We were particularly impressed with how the project was managed.
I was pleased with the results.
I thought it went well.
I managed to get the supplier to agree to a revised delivery schedule.
As a result, we cut costs by 15 percent.
Discussing
what didn’t
go well
What areas do you think need to be improved?
So, what was the issue with the production line?
Can you tell me exactly what went wrong?
Why didn’t we contact the client?
The main issue was changes in the exchange rate.
The problem was due to misunderstanding the schedule.
Speaking openly, I think we should have planned better.
My big challenge was meeting the deadlines.
Focusing
on lessons
learned
How can we organise things differently next time?
What measures can we take to stop this happening again?
Next time we need to improve communication.
Next time I would arrange a briefing meeting at the start of the project.
We now know that we need to plan more carefully.
I’m confident that we can learn from this.
Closing a meeting
Summing up
That’s all we have time for today. Let’s sum up the main points.
To recap, we’ve agreed to work on the project for six months and then review.
We’ve discussed budgets and schedules, and agreed on the way forward.
Referring to
action points
and next
steps
We’ll meet again next week to discuss progress.
Closing
Thank you for coming, everyone. It was a very productive meeting.
We look forward to hearing updates at the next meeting.
Is everyone clear on what they need to do?
James, could you get a copy of the report to everyone by Thursday?
We made good progress today.
Thank you for your contribution and ideas.
Thank you all for your input today.
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Functional language bank
3
Lead-in
Telephoning skills
Here are some questions to consider before participating in a business call:
1 What is the purpose of the call?
2 Who will I be speaking to?
3 What will I be expected to say/ask/contribute?
4 How long will the call last?
When exchanging complex information, it can be useful to make brief notes before the call,
which detail the aim of the conversation and key information that is required. Some business
practices may differ from country to country, so here are some questions to research before
you make telephone calls:
1 Should language be formal or informal? Is it more usual to use titles (Mr/Ms/Dr/Professor)
and surnames or first names?
2 Are business calls usually brief and fact-based or is some small talk expected?
Getting through
Making a call
Hello, my name is Hugo Ruiz from Danbro Marketing. Can/May I speak to the
Sales Director, please?
Good afternoon, this is Ewan Davies from the London office. I’d like to speak to
Mr Filinnesi, please.
Hi, Roberto. It’s Natasha from Finance here.
Hi, this is Alice. Is Marcus there?
Receiving a
call
Hello. You’re through to Ross Industries. How can I help?
Saying why
you are
calling
I’m calling to arrange a meeting to present our new product range.
Good morning. Danbro Marketing, Jill Hunter speaking. How may I help you?
Would it be convenient to discuss the data from the research project?
I’m calling about the new price list.
I have a quick query about the new software.
Do you have a moment to go over the sales figures?
Clarifying and asking
for clarification
Asking for
clarification
or repetition
Sorry, I’m having trouble following these figures. Can you go over them again?
I’m not sure I follow. Is the problem the delivery dates or the project deadline?
Are those figures in dollars or euros?
When you say ‘red button’, do you mean the one on the top or the one on
the side?
Sorry?/Pardon?
Could you repeat that, please?
I’m sorry, I didn’t catch what you just said.
Asking for
specific
details
What exactly does the information on page 3 refer to?
Checking
Can I double check that I’ve understood correctly?
More specifically, what’s your margin on this?
Could you spell that for me, please?
So, if I understand correctly, the temperature needs to be set at twenty-one
degrees?
Did you say 6.15?
Let me see if I got that right.
So, those were last year’s figures. Is that right?
I wrote down 4.3 percent. Is that correct?
Let me repeat the last point to make sure I got it right.
Dealing with
technical
problems
I lost you for a moment. Could you repeat the last point?
Sorry, I can hardly hear you – could you say that again?
The line’s really bad – did you say 6.15 or 6.50?
There’s a lot of background noise. Would you like me to go over any of
that again?
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Functional language bank
Taking or leaving a
message
Taking a
message
Sorry, Nadia isn’t in the office today. Can I take a message?
The Accounts Manager isn’t here at the moment. Would you like to leave
a message?
I’m afraid Mr Bower is not available at the moment. May I ask who’s calling?
I’ll give her your message as soon as she returns.
He’ll call you back as soon as he returns.
He’s in meetings all day. Would you like to speak to someone else
about this?
Leaving a
message
Can I leave a message, please?
Could you give him a message, please?
Could you tell him that Justine called about the sales seminar?
Can you ask him to call me back this afternoon?
Do you know when he’s expected back? OK, could you ask him to call me
back this afternoon?
Could you tell Khalid that it’s urgent, please?
Responding
to a message
This is Dr Aziz returning Professor Blake’s call.
Hi Caro, this is Austin from Media Solutions. I got your message about the
brochures.
Hi Ellie, I’m calling about your voicemail message.
Promising
action
I’ll send you an email to confirm the figures.
I’ll call you back a little later.
I’ll ask Ms Veits to call you as soon as she gets back.
If you give me your phone number, she’ll call you back.
Closing the call
Ending the
call
Thank you (very much) for your help.
Thanks for calling.
Thank you for your time.
Looking forward to seeing you at the conference.
Let me know if there’s anything else I can help with.
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Functional language bank
4
Lead-in
Negotiation skills
Some business practices may differ from country to country. Here are some areas to research
before you prepare for a negotiation:
1 Ways of expressing agreement and disagreement or decision-making can differ from
culture to culture. Check that your understanding is the same as the person that you are
negotiating with.
2 How do negotiation styles differ? If there are difficulties in the negotiation, what can you
expect to happen? Would the negotiation continue or would it be better to have a break or
reschedule? How can you find areas of common interest to move forward?
Opening
Welcoming
Thank you for coming today.
It’s a pleasure to meet you.
Good to meet you/see you again. Are you well?
How’s business?
Can I get you anything?
How was your journey?
Thanks for agreeing to meet today.
Outlining
objectives
We’re here to discuss the new construction project.
What I’d like to discuss today is transport and delivery of the products.
We thought that we could begin by looking at delivery schedules.
Can I suggest that we start by looking at the project outline?
OK, let’s start by looking at the agenda.
Shall we have a look at the main points of today’s discussion?
Proposals/
Discussion
Making a
proposal
We think the best way is to reconsider the unit price.
It might be possible to extend the service contract.
Would it help if we reviewed the monthly payment terms?
If we increased the volume, perhaps you could agree to a 5 percent
discount?
How do you feel about increasing the discount?
Do you think you could consider reducing the unit price?
We propose/suggest a two-year contract.
As we see it, the main issue is quality, so …
Requesting a
proposal
Would you like to outline your proposal?
What do you have in mind?
Do you have any suggestions?
Would you like to suggest a course of action for us to consider?
We welcome any offer/suggestion that you would like to make.
Asking
questions/
Checking for
agreement
What about the delivery date?
How about increasing the quantity?
Would you be prepared to reconsider the payment terms?
How would you feel if we extended the deadline?
What do you see as the most important point?
What are your views on the delivery terms?
How does that sound?
Does that sound reasonable?
What do you think?
Agreeing to a
proposal
That seems reasonable/acceptable.
We can work with that.
I’m happy to agree to those terms.
We are happy to accept these terms.
I believe we have an agreement.
I can agree to that.
I think we have a deal.
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Functional language bank
Refusing a
proposal
That won’t be possible, I’m afraid.
I’m sorry, we can’t accept that.
I’m afraid we can’t agree to that (unless you increase the volume of the
order).
We’d find it difficult to complete the project by your proposed deadline.
No, that’s out of the question.
Unfortunately, our position is different from yours.
Explaining
concerns
My main concern is that the schedule is unrealistic.
Another issue is the transportation costs.
It’s important that we consider the time frame for the project.
I have some reservations about the workflow.
Dealing with
difficulties
Clarifying and
checking
Just to clarify, you mean the price would increase?
What do you mean by ‘upgrading the materials’?
So are your main reservations related to quantity?
I’m not sure I understand your position. Do you mean you are prepared to
offer us a discount?
Let me see if I understand what you’re saying.
I’m not sure I fully understand your point.
Could you be more specific?
Could you clarify the last point for me?
Am I right in thinking that the schedules would also have to change?
Exploring
options
I understand your reservations.
Would you be willing to extend the deadline?
Could we look at this from another perspective?
Perhaps there’s another way to approach this?
How would you feel about changing the site location?
Referring
to common
interest and
understanding
How can we identify a mutually acceptable outcome?
I think we can both agree on the excellent quality.
Our companies have the greatest respect for each other.
We have always had a good working relationship.
We both want to find a solution to this issue.
I know we’re both on the same wavelength about deadlines.
Compromising
It might be possible to extend payment terms.
Would it help if we paid invoices after thirty days?
If we lower the price, perhaps you could agree to increase the volume?
Some movement might be possible on price.
If you were prepared to increase your order to 50,000 units, we might be
able to offer you each component at €3.
We are ready to accept your offer. However, there would be one
condition.
Closing a
negotiation
Describing
the limit to
concessions
That’s the highest/lowest we are prepared to go.
Agreement has
been reached
It’s been a pleasure doing business with you.
Agreement
has not been
reached
I’m sorry that we couldn’t reach an agreement this time.
Outlining next
steps
We’ll be in touch to discuss how to proceed.
We can’t move on the delivery date.
This is a very positive outcome.
Perhaps we can discuss this again at a later date.
Unfortunately, we haven’t been able to reach an agreement. Perhaps …
So, we’ll send you a contract by email.
We’ll put in writing the terms and conditions we agreed today.
I’ll be in contact in the near future.
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Videoscripts
1.1.1
P = Presenter K = Korinne Ward D = Dan Price
A = Alyssa O’Neal M = Michael Wheeler
T = Tom Osborn
P: Different businesses have different styles. We
talk about the ‘culture’ of a company – and this
might mean its dress code, or the way in which its
staff communicate with their managers.
Gravity Payments is a credit card processing
company based in Seattle. It organises the
authorisations of fund transfers for credit card
transactions. Its clients are retailers who accept
card payments for purchases, and it aims to cut the
cost of processing card payments.
K: Gravity Payments, this is Korinne.
P: Gravity Payments has grown quickly from a
small start-up to a profitable mid-size operation.
Company culture changed for the hundred
employees of Gravity Payments when their boss,
Dan Price, announced the company’s minimum
salary would go up to 70,000 dollars a year.
D: Effective immediately, we are gonna put a
scaled policy into place, and we are gonna have a
minimum 70,000 dollar pay rate for everyone that
works here.
P: And he cut his own salary from one million
dollars a year to 70,000.
D: Curious if anyone has any questions?
K: Let me see if I can find that for you.
P: Korinne Ward, in customer support, used to
have a long commute. Now she can afford to live
close enough to walk to work.
K: I’m able to afford, you know, the cost of living in
Seattle, which is incredible.
A: Gravity Payments, this is Alyssa.
P: Alyssa O’Neal, used to make 21,000 dollars a
year before coming to Gravity Payments. Now she
makes almost 60,000 a year as a customer support
representative. She’s paid off her car loan, credit
card debt, and moved into a better home.
A: It’s something I never … never could’ve
imagined.
P: Following the announcement, Dan Price was
praised as ‘America’s best boss’ and the company
received a flood of job applications and new client
enquiries.
But there were negative effects as well. Gravity lost
a few of its most senior staff. They felt their skills
and experience were not recognised in the new
more equal pay structure.
Over time, however, Gravity reported a 75 percent
increase in revenue and 67 percent increase in new
clients. Harvard Business School researched the
changes at Gravity Payments.
M: Some of their success might be attributed
to increased productivity on the part of the
workers now, who, you know, feel respected and
understand that they are gonna have a hard time
finding another job that pays so well, but it also
has generated a lot of publicity, and that has been
good in terms of pulling in business.
P: Tom Osborn is a client of Gravity Payments.
T: To me, if they’re running their business in a
way that their…that their staff feel better about
being part of the company, work harder with their
customers, to me as a vendor, that’s a good thing.
P: And another good thing seems to be happening
at Gravity’s headquarters. The staff are up to
something.
A: We had tried to think of a way that we could
thank Dan for what he’s done for us.
P: Customer support representative Alyssa O’Neal
got the ball rolling.
A: We have one more gift for you.
D: All right …
A: Um, it’s outside, though.
P: Alyssa convinced the other employees to
contribute hundreds of dollars each. They bought
Dan a Tesla car worth 90,000 dollars.
D: Are you kidding me?
A: No …
A: What happened it was … it was like it was
meant to be.
D: Oh my gosh!
A: I’m really surprised by his reaction.
D: Thank you!
P: In the short term, Dan Price’s strategy seems to
have been a success, particularly in creating a new
culture at Gravity Payments. And only time will tell
if it’s going to be a long-term success or whether
other companies will take the same approach.
1.3.1
K = Katie S = Sanjit
K: Careful. You’re overflowing.
S: Yeah. Thanks.
K: Something on your mind?
S: Some things. Mainly about this meeting with
Claudio today. It’s just that I don’t really know
Claudio or Emma very well, or the whole Go Global
set up for that matter. Things have gone so fast
these last five weeks and it’s such a big, big step to
go in with these guys and commit to the finance.
They come from a very different world. Different
values. And well I’m worried they’re going to take
over the project completely. Their number one
priority will always be maximising profits, and that
isn’t always the case with us.
K: So you don’t trust them.
S: Is that a bad thing? I guess it is. I’m just trying to
figure out how to handle things properly. I want to
do things our way. EN-Tek stands for something.
K: Even if you don’t trust them, pretend you do.
Otherwise, they may well just walk away from the
deal.
S: And if we make the wrong choice?
K: At least we tried to make the right one. That
counts for something. Ah … I gotta deal with this.
Let me know how it goes. See you at five. OK?
S: OK, and thanks. Appreciate all your advice!
K: Here’s a bit more advice. Have some coffee
instead. Perk up!
1.3.2
C = Claudio S = Sanjit K = Katie E = Emma
C: So, there’s been lots of discussion with our
management here at Go Global and, I’m pleased
to say, they loved the proposal. I think we both
want to go forward with this project. There’s
just a couple of issues we need to nail down.
Firstly there’s the production location – China or
Bangladesh? Secondly there’s the feasibility of
using the local distributors you’ve suggested.
S: Well, Claudio, firstly, let me say that I really
appreciate the effort you’ve made to drive this
forward. A great product is nothing without a great
partner. I understand what you’re saying about the
distributors. Katie, you’ve been in touch with them
recently, haven’t you?
K: Yes. We’re working hard to get the information
we need. You’ll appreciate, these are small
companies with very few people: they will struggle
to put together all that documentation you’ve
asked for. How soon do you need the data, and how
much detail do you need?
E: Well ideally, we need full annual reports for the
companies – for regulatory reasons. But, maybe
one way to solve this is to send our financial risk
analyst.
K: OK, that sounds more realistic.
C: Great. Erm … then there’s the production
location issue. What’s the deal there?
S: To be honest, I feel a little worried about some
aspects of your proposal to go with China. Locating
things in Bangladesh would both support local
jobs and keep the end price down.
E: Mm look, there are major issues here with
quality and reliability. Our auditors have looked at
local production as an option and they say there
are numerous risks. We’ll get a full report next
week.
S: I respect that. But … for me … the issue is a
wider one. It’s connected to the values of EN-Tek,
and who we are. Based on your experience, how
do you think we can address these issues with the
local producer?
C: OK. Here’s my suggestion. I think we wait for
the detailed quality report and then we discuss
that and decide next week.
S: OK. If this makes most sense, let’s wait.
K: I like your suggestion to get more data. That’s
fine.
1.3.3
C = Claudio S = Sanjit K = Katie E = Emma
C: So – as you can imagine, there’s been lots of
discussion with our management here at Go Global
around the financing of the project. I’m pleased to
say they loved the proposal. I think we both want
to go forward with this project …
S: That’s great news Claudio. If I may? Well,
to come straight to the point, I think there are
only really two key topics to focus on today –
production location and the choice of distributors.
Right now, we need to know if our position to go
with local people is being considered.
C: Erm … yes, well, both topics did come up in
discussions …
S: So, what’s the feedback? Sorry. But you must
understand, these are very important issues to us.
E: Sanjit. It seems like we have two main problems
here. The product is excellent, yes – but if you
produce locally we feel you risk quality issues.
Producers in China can guarantee better standards.
As for the distribution partners you want to work
with, we just don’t think they’re good enough.
They’re small. Limited finances. Frankly, a risk to
sales.
S: But have you fully analysed these risks?
Where’s your data? We know these markets and
partners very well, and we’re confident.
C: That’s true, yes. We do have less experience in
this market – which is precisely why we’re being
so cautious. We’re happy to take a look at any
numbers you might have.
K: I can’t give you any financial information from
the partners at the moment. The data you need
is very difficult for them to put together. They’re
not used to these kinds of management processes.
They need more time.
E: And in the meantime? What do we do? We
need the data to make decisions.
C: OK, look, these are not easy discussions, but
they are useful. EN-Tek clearly has a focus on local
partners … and we’re open to that, in principle.
S: Good.
C: But we do need that data. What shall we do?
I actually emailed a couple of times last week. No
response.
K: OK, could we help you with that? Let me call
them. I’ll see what we can realistically get for next
week.
C: OK, that would be useful. By next week we’ll
also have the auditors’ report on quality at the
local production site. Then we’ll be better placed to
discuss this again. Right, moving on … I had some
questions about sales forecasts …
1.3.4
In Option A, Sanjit has more of a ‘trust first’
approach and he decides to be very collaborative
and respectful and he openly shows his
appreciation. This helps to create a good
atmosphere and to establish a positive working
relationship quickly. The disadvantage, however, is
that the important topics are not really dealt with
and the decisions regarding the distributors and
production location get postponed.
In Option B, Sanjit is less focused on developing
trust with his partners and is more interested in
pushing forward his own objectives. And we see
the risks of this approach; the conversation gets a
little heated, there’s an uncomfortable atmosphere
and the relationship is put at risk. However, this
tension allows people to be honest, to talk about
real concerns openly with each other and then to
cooperate on finding solutions, which is another
way to develop trust.
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Videoscripts
2.1.1
P = Presenter LG = Laura Guttfield L = Lucrece
D = Dale Thoroughgood K = Kina A = Ashley
P: In the world of work, training is important for
companies and for employees. For companies,
good training ensures that their staff have
up-to-date skills and knowledge. For employees,
training can drive career development and open
up new opportunities. Let’s have a look at the most
common types of training and development.
This international company has recently hired five
new team members. They will be working in a
variety of roles across the organisation. Before they
start in their individual jobs, they are undertaking
induction training together.
Induction training, which is sometimes called
onboarding, helps new staff members get to know
the company and its systems as well as their new
colleagues.
LG: A key part of our induction programme, and
the importance of it, is to help new members of the
team understand and feel a part of our company’s
culture. We structure the programme in a way to
give them the skills and the knowledge to do this.
And our aim is that they can become effective team
members as quickly as possible.
P: Induction training usually includes learning
about company policies and procedures. It may
also provide information about how the business
operates and its key markets.
L: The induction was just amazing. We were able
to meet all the key people in the company. And
able to ask them questions and for them to ask
us about ourselves. So there was a real sense of
belonging.
P: Mentoring can be a very successful way of
helping individuals develop their careers. A mentor
is an experienced professional, either from inside or
outside the company, who develops a relationship
with a more junior member of staff.
The mentor is there to act as a guide and offer
support, usually on a one-to-one basis.
D: We think mentoring is really valuable. With
so much great experience in the company, it is
important we find ways to pass that on. It is a very
personal and focused form of staff development
and it is great at building confidence. It shows them
that we are willing to invest time and expertise in
them and their career.
P: Mentoring can be used for specific, job-related
training or more general career development.
K: What’s great about a mentor is that they were
once in my position and so they can advise me as to
what the best skills would be to learn and the best
departments would be to work in, in order for me
to progress in my career.
L: The biggest benefit of mentoring for me is
being able to measure your progress and to come
up with solutions for your problems.
K: One of the really useful things about being a
mentee is that my mentor introduces me to very
important people within the British broadcast
industry, and as I am just starting out in my career,
that’s really important for my personal network
and to sort of keep my eyes open for further
opportunities.
P: More and more training is being conducted
online using e-learning technology. It allows
people to learn at their own pace and in a more
flexible timetable.
D: Online training has become popular because it
is so flexible - staff members can access it anytime
anywhere. They can access it from home or whilst
travelling and use the time that otherwise would
have been wasted. It is also very cost-efficient.
A: I had to do an online course which covered
health and safety. Um … it mainly covered the
health and safety regulations that the company
had, as well as … um … telling you about what
different health and safety signs in the building
actually meant … um … so that way, in the example
of a fire, we’d know exactly where we needed to
go. For me, the best thing about online training
is that it’s completely flexible. You can do it on
any device – on a computer at home, on a mobile
phone maybe when you’re on the bus or the train,
um … and it means that you can really approach
your training when it’s suitable for you.
P: Many companies offer programmes that mix
online with face-to-face sessions. This is known as
‘blended learning’. Whatever the type or delivery
method, training and development is a critical
function in a modern business. As the world
changes, we all need to adapt and learn to stay
effective and efficient.
2.3.1
E = Emma C = Claudio
E: So the auditor’s quality report has come in and
the message is very clear. Local production is not
an option; their facilities are too poor. We need to
go with production in China for this. We can’t put
product quality at risk like that.
C: Sanjit won’t be happy.
E: Well … well, he should be happy – happy I’ve
indulged him this far. We have to take the lead here.
It’s our money behind the project, and we know the
production chain like the back of our hands.
C: Yes, we are the experts … but Sanjit looks at this
very much as a kind of partnership. He likes to be
involved, to pitch ideas around, to collaborate. It’s the
EN-Tek team culture. We’ve seen this from day one
so I think the best approach here is to be consultative
and include Sanjit in the decision-making.
E: Yes. But we can’t get production location
wrong, Claudio. We just can’t. It’s been a major
project risk from day one. A wrong decision will kill
this whole thing.
C: OK, gotta go. But think, Emma. And think
carefully. It’s your call on how to handle this in the
meeting tomorrow.
2.3.2
E = Emma C = Claudio S = Sanjit P = Paweł
E: You might not like what I’m about to say, but
there are major concerns here. You asked me to
analyse the two production site options. I did that
and came to a very simple conclusion; we have to
go with China as a production location. Sanjit, I
agree that the local company is very capable … but
not capable enough for this project. My role in the
project is to give the best advice on finance and
quality, and as such, I am saying this loud and clear;
China is the only option.
C: OK, thanks, Emma, for your openness. Sanjit,
any thoughts on the matter?
S: Emma. Erm, I’m sure you’ve guessed that I’m
disappointed by your recommendations. Er but …
I understand. Really, er … Paweł and I have gone
through the report – and your conclusions are
sound. I was wondering, however – is there some
way of coaching the people working locally? You
know er training them, developing their skills …?
P: If I can add to that, it will ensure that quality is
implemented. We’ve done this in other projects.
E: I don’t think that makes sense. It adds time and
money that we just don’t have. Also, who knows
what the end result will be? It just creates more
risk.
S: OK … I understand. It’s just that it was part of
the vision to have the local community involved as
much as possible.
C: Emma, can you walk us through the report
step-by-step? Just to take a look at the numbers
and make sure everything’s clear?
E: Sure. Let’s start on page three.
C: Happy overall?
E: They agreed to go with China, so … yes. I’m
happy.
C: It’s strange. They weren’t exactly thrilled but
they did warm to the idea, more so than I expected.
E: Great. They saw sense … finally.
C: Just remember – it’s their product and concept
and we need to respect that. Sanjit in particular is
very sensitive about the idea of losing control. I’ll
probably call him later just to check in. Good job
today by the way.
E: Thanks.
2.3.3
E = Emma S = Sanjit C = Claudio P = Paweł
E: You might not like what I’m about to say, but
there are major concerns here. You asked me to
analyse the two production site options. I did that
and came to a very simple conclusion; we have to
go with China as a production location. Sanjit, I
agree that the local company is very …
S: Sorry to interrupt, Emma, but I’m not happy
with it. I don’t know what data the auditor’s
working from but to date we’ve had very
good experiences with the local producers in
Bangladesh. I have a lot of trust in their abilities.
E: Sanjit. We all want the same thing here:
efficient production, good product quality, a
successful project. Now – there are pros and cons of
both production locations: China and Bangladesh.
I’m sure you’ll agree. All of which makes this
decision a complex one for everyone here.
S: Absolutely.
C: So, Sanjit, what do you think we should do?
S: Well er Paweł had a great idea earlier. Paweł?
P: Yes er, one option could be to create a clearer
and more detailed set of requirements for
production.
S: If we do that, then it will lead to higher
standards of production.
P: I think it makes sense to have a look at the
requirements again.
E: Do we really want endless paperwork holding
things up?
C: No one wants that, I agree. Sanjit, what’s the
best way to handle this? I am always willing to
listen to new ideas. Try me.
S: OK, well, just picking up on what Paweł said,
why don’t we let my local guys try using the more
detailed requirements? Give them an opportunity
to prove themselves. Let them do a small
production run. At the same time, do the same with
the guys in China, as is recommended in this report.
Then we check the results and we decide.
E: Sounds fair. So shall we try that? Do we all
agree with the idea to run two pilots in parallel?
C: Yep.
E: Fine. Let’s flesh this out …
C: Happy overall?
E: Seriously? No. Anything but. Now we have
another delay. So much for effective teamwork,
Claudio. I mean, I did the whole ‘listening’ thing. I
tried not to be pushy. And now what? Now we’re
stuck with this double production pilot idea. And
we all know what the result will be, don’t we?
China will come out on top. A total waste of time.
C: We don’t know that. Look, it was a good
meeting. People listened. The team is together. You
handled it well.
E: We can’t do everything by committee, no
matter how much those guys wish we could. We
have to lead this project.
C: Let’s pick this up tomorrow. You … we did well.
2.3.4
In Option A, Emma is very direct, and pushes her
ideas very strongly. She reminds Sanjit and Paweł
that her role is to give the best advice on finance
and quality, and basically says that China is the
only option. Sanjit, surprisingly, agrees – the data
is clear – but it goes against his core values and
the vision he had to help the local community in
Bangladesh. So, while Emma is very happy at the
end, Sanjit isn’t fully convinced and the team is a
little divided.
In Option B, Emma is more collaborative; she
stresses a common interest and is more open to
ideas from Sanjit and Paweł. It’s this openness that
gets the team to a creative place as they agree to
set up two pilots to see if production could run in
Bangladesh. Emma is not happy with the outcome
and with the delay it will cause. But Claudio points
out that the result is good from a team point of
view, the approach was collaborative, and new
ideas were produced.
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Videoscripts
3.1.1
P = Presenter D = Des Dearlove
H = Howard Stringer
P: Stock markets can go down as well as up, and
that’s something every investor should know.
There will always be movement in a market,
but what are the effects on business and the
real economy when the stock market suffers a
devastating drop in value? And for that, we need to
look at the past.
The Wall Street crash of 1929 led to at least ten
years of worldwide economic depression. It was
the most severe financial crisis of modern times.
It came after a period when markets had been
booming and shares had been steadily increasing
in value.
D: So on Black Tuesday, the 29th of October
1929, the ‘good times’ came to an end. As more
and more people sold their shares, the New York
stock market went into freefall. By the end of
the day, it had lost 12 percent of its value. By the
time it stopped falling the Dow Jones had lost
90 percent of its value. It meant that banks failed
across America, companies went bankrupt, and
individuals lost their investments and sometimes
their life savings.
P: The effects were not only felt in America.
Stock markets in Europe and around the world
also fell. What followed became known as the
Great Depression. Production slowed, factories
were closed and staff laid off. Construction and
manufacturing went into decline.
D: No part of the western world was left unaffected
by the depression. It lasted all the way through to
the Second World War. Luckily, there’s never been a
global depression as severe as that since then.
P: However, stock market crashes don’t always lead
to economic depression. On Black Monday, October
19th 1987, a rapid fall in the Hong Kong stock
market spread to Europe and then the United States,
where five hundred billion dollars were lost in a day.
D: In 1987, the market losses were the biggest in
history, by percentage, but the markets recovered
quite quickly. So there was no economic depression.
P: In contrast, in 2008 a different type of economic
crisis occurred – a banking crisis that went on to
affect financial markets and the global economy.
For a number of years, banks in the United States
and elsewhere had been giving loans to buy houses
to people with poor credit ratings.
When high numbers of people were unable to pay
their mortgages, banks and their investors suffered
losses, and ordinary people lost their homes. This
meant banks stopped lending more money. It
became known as the ‘credit crunch’ and its effect
was global.
D: A lack of credit – to banks, companies and
individuals – has the effect of freezing the
economy. Investment and growth slow or
stop, which means recession, job losses and
bankruptcies. Many economies around the world
were badly hit. Portugal, Italy, Ireland, and Greece
were very badly affected.
P: Governments around the world were forced to
bail out their financial institutions. But it wasn’t
enough to prevent a global economic downturn.
Business leaders were concerned.
H: We are in the worst economic depression in my
lifetime; economic recession, we’re not supposed to
call it a depression yes, but it feels pretty depressing.
P: Movements in financial markets are part of the
normal operation of the economy. When falls are
severe, they can have a lasting effect on people’s
lives. But share prices and effects across the whole
economy are not always directly linked.
D: If you look at the history, you see that there’ve
been more crashes than there have economic
depressions. The reality is that the financial
markets don’t always predict how the real
economy behaves. By ‘real economy’, we mean the
parts of it concerned with the production of goods
and services, rather than the buying and selling on
financial markets. One thing you can be sure of, in
your working lifetime, is that you will experience a
crash of one kind or another.
3.3.3
P = Paweł K = Katie
P: Did you get a text from Barsha? Not good. Not
good at all. Go Global won’t be happy.
K: Relax. It sounds worse than it is. We’ve dealt
with worse.
P: 20 percent over budget? I think Claudio will
see that as a major problem. He’s a cautious guy,
especially when the numbers don’t work in his
favour.
K: I’m meeting him in half an hour. I’ll talk him
round. The numbers aren’t that bad.
P: To you they’re not. To Claudio it will be the
end of the world. We’re the ones who insisted on
doing the production pilot in Bangladesh. Any
more figures like this and there are going to be
problems – like Go Global stepping in, stopping local
production and going straight to the China option.
K: OK …
P: Just try to tone down the ‘glass half full’
approach a little.
K: What do you mean?
P: You can’t just focus on the positives. I’m just
saying – I know none of us here are ready to give
up on Bangladesh, but convincing Claudio won’t
be easy. Try to see it from his point of view – and
maybe reign in some of your optimism. Think about
the issues he’s likely to bring up – you’re going to
need a good alternative plan to keep him on board.
I need to take this. Think about it. OK?
K: OK. Will do.
C = Claudio K = Katie
C: So. How do we move forward? I am very
disappointed with the first quarter numbers.
K: I understand. It isn’t good enough. We won’t
reach our targets unless we change something.
C: I’m not sure that we’ll be able to continue with
the local production idea. I think we’re going to
have to go with China.
K: I see where you’re coming from. 20 percent over
budget is too high, but, I’m really happy with the
progress we’ve made in a number of areas. I mean,
we are on schedule and the quality report is very
positive. I just feel that if we give up now, we may
miss an opportunity to set up a new production
centre not only for Bangladesh but also for the
wider region.
C: Perhaps – but this is costing us a lot of money.
K: Maybe we should offer them more support?
That would be more cost-effective than shutting
down production.
C: Maybe. What support did you have in mind?
K: Send a couple of technical people down there,
just for a week or so, just to see what’s going on.
Let them help. I think it would bring about the
turnaround we’re looking for …
C: Interesting. That would help us keep an eye on
people …
K: Well … yes and hopefully motivate people to
perform better. This would be about support …
C: Of course … OK, leave it with me. I’ll talk to
Emma and give you a call later.
K: Fine. Bye.
C: Bye.
3.3.2
3.3.4
3.3.1
C = Claudio K = Katie
C: So. How do we move forward? I am very
disappointed with the first quarter numbers. I think
we need to bring them up at the next full project
meeting – as well as a recommendation to confirm
that we will work with the producers in China. I’m
afraid trying local production has turned out as
Emma and I expected it might. Now it’s time to get
things back on track.
K: Erm, to be fair, we’re only a little over budget.
It’s not a bad result. And I’m happy to say we are on
schedule, at least. Give these guys a chance. I’m sure
we can turn this around and get local production
up to standard. These figures are just due to project
start-up problems which we’ve now overcome.
C: Katie, we can’t run projects like this. This
budget is simply too high. I can’t justify these costs
to my management. We can salvage this – but
only if we act now. That means acknowledging
the truth. Clearly, mistakes were made with the
budgeting and planning. I don’t think you can say
it’s just because of start-up problems. We have to
change our strategy on this.
K: Alright. It’s true, we didn’t manage to reach
all our targets. But the earthquake led to a lot of
problems last month. I think we should continue
to help the guys locally and give them a chance.
The culture there is different and the project just
needed more time to get going.
C: Going where, Katie? Bankruptcy? We have to
find a new approach to this.
K: Claudio, please. I’m going out there in a week or
so. I can help turn things around, I know it.
C: OK. Say that’s true. When will we see
improvements exactly? End of this month?
K: Yes. Yes.
C: OK. Here’s the deal. If we have things back on
track inside four weeks, I can sell that internally. If
not … I honestly don’t know. I’ll be very open, I’m
not sure that we’ll be able to continue with the
local production idea.
K: OK Claudio, that’s fair enough.
C: OK, see you at this week’s project meeting.
K: Yes, see you then.
C: Bye. End of the month, Katie. I’m counting on
you.
K: End of the month. No problem.
In Option A, Katie is herself – optimistic, kind
and maybe a little naive – she wants to give
the guys in Bangladesh a second chance. This
approach of focusing on the positives can be
very motivational in projects but it can seem to
others, in this case Claudio, that the real issues
aren’t being acknowledged. But, ultimately, when
Katie guarantees to deliver in four weeks, Claudio
becomes calmer. It’s the results that matter to him.
However, Katie now has to deliver on her promise.
In Option B, Katie is more careful. By
acknowledging the fact that costs are 20 percent
too high, she gives Claudio the impression that
she’s practical and this makes him more open to
her suggestions. The result of this approach is that
they find a way to agree on managing the risks
effectively, and together decide to send experts to
the local area to monitor the situation.
4.1.1
T = Toon Vamparys F = Frank Verbist
I = Ian Maude E = Eileen Burbidge
T: Today everybody is almost carrying a
smartphone. Smartphone has a lot of nice tools
in it, a lot of sensors. We try to make those
smartphones more intelligent by mining the data,
meaning getting all the data in one platform,
looking for patterns and so we can find out if you
are moving on a bike or on a – walking or on a tram
or on a train or in a car and you can see where you
are, you can see how fast you move, and those
patterns give a good visualisation of what you are
as a person and our clients can use that to offer you
a better mobile experience.
F: So let’s say we have a client that has a coffee
shop and wants to sell more coffee. And as a
promotion he offers a brownie with every coffee, so
he wants to target people commuting to work. He
would isolate in our audience all people that work
in the city close to the shop that come by public
transportation and walk the last mile to their work,
that is not enough. Now you need to find the right
time to target these people and the right time is
just before they will arrive at work, getting out of
their commute. The early people that I identified
will now get a trigger right at this moment,
which is the promotion from the coffee shop.
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What’s important here is that a morning routine is
different for everybody, at different times, we call
that semantic time.
T: Semantic time is important; mobile interactions
need to be spot on, if you want to have a positive
reaction. If you do that at the wrong moment, then
you irritate; irritation is not good for customer
engagement. In semantic time, the right moment
is gonna become crucial. Customers should not be
afraid of the data that is being gathered around
them and from them, they should be afraid of
who’s using them and for what are they used.
I’m in start-ups already for more than 30 years –
20 years ago we were talking bits and bytes, ah,
on a … on a tape or so, today we are talking about
terabytes in, in the cloud.
I: It’s essentially a really new thing because it’s
only made possible by the fact that we now have
smartphones in our pockets all the time and we
carry them around with us. So it’s a, it’s a whole
new field, but it is, it’s very competitive. Sentiance
are one of a number of companies in this space
and, um, they have an interesting take on it but
then, you know, they’re not the only game in town.
E: The challenge for Sentiance is to deliver
actionable insights, um and not just more data for
marketers. Marketers want to have really useful
data if it’s going to help them with conversion and
with transactions, and frankly in making more
money and getting more commerce out of users.
But if what Sentiance does is just deliver more data,
more data dumps, oh now we’re able to break down
your customer segment by this time, by this journey
and by this location, that may in and of itself not
be of value to marketers. If it can actually say this
offer’s gonna be more interesting and there’s more
take-up as a result, that’s hugely interesting.
T: It’s all about personalisation, anticipation
and prediction, and the use of that will increase
immensely in, in the next coming years. Disruptive
means that you approach a problem in an industry
or a sector completely from a different angle: you
have an idea, you have a dream about approaching
that, and then you go for it and you dream big.
4.3.1
S = Sanjit C = Claire P = Paweł
S: I’d better take this. Claire, how are you doing?
C: Good, you?
S: Good, good. I’m just here with Paweł, putting
our heads together.
C: Well, I won’t keep you long. Just to let you
know, Claudio asked me to arrange a conference
call with Gary Roach, an independent marketing
expert we sometimes work with, to discuss the
recent marketing campaigns.
S: OK.
C: Gary’s been brought in as an expert and he’s
got some new thoughts on how to improve
branding and where we advertise. Just a word of
warning – Gary is always full of ideas but … how
can I put this? He can be very direct and not always
easy to handle.
S: I’ll manage.
C: OK well I’ll be on the call as well so, see you later.
S: OK.
P: All good?
S: Yes, I have a meeting with Gary Roach later.
P: Gary? Good luck with that. He’s a nightmare.
S: So I’ve been told.
P: I can’t work with him. He thinks he always
knows best.
S: I’ve worked with people like that before. I might
take control of the conversation or let him speak
freely; I’ll see how it goes. I’ll also have Katie on the
call with me.
P: Trust me, though … it still won’t be easy.
4.3.2
G = Gary C = Claire S = Sanjit K = Katie
G: Hi.
C: Hi? Gary?
G: Yeah, hi, hi.
C: I’m here with Sanjit and Katie.
S: Hi.
K: Hi.
G: OK, Sanjeet, Claire has filled me in, so no need
for hello-how-are-yous. Let’s go through the
branding document I sent you. It’s really important
you rethink the branding.
S: I actually had an agenda I thought we could
stick to …
G: Can I go on?
S: Yes. Your document. OK Gary, carry on.
G: As you’ll see, I’ve proposed some changes.
There’s a load of ideas you should look at – really
good stuff, even if I say so myself. One key thing.
I’ve done some detailed analysis of your potential
customers. Interesting results, very interesting. And
so I’ve put together a few marketing ideas on page
… 23. Got that?
G: Anyway, and I know you’re not gonna like this
but, you know, the little product logo, the one with
the sun you’ve gone for – awful. Customers hate it.
It simply has to be changed. Pronto.
S: Can you elaborate on that?
G: Yeah, yeah, I will come to that. I’m also worried
about the marketing budget. It’s totally unrealistic,
so I’ve created a new budget which when you take
a look at the …
S: OK, OK, but if we could focus back on the logo …
G: Just let me finish.
S: Alright. Brand and marketing spend. Go on
then.
4.3.3
G = Gary C = Claire S = Sanjit K = Katie
G: Hi.
C: Hi? Gary?
G: Yeah, hi, hi.
C: I’m here with Sanjit and Katie.
S: Hi.
K: Hi.
G: OK, Sanjeet, I’ve been briefed by Claire, so no
need for hello-how-are-yous. Let’s go through the
branding document I sent you.
S: Er, Gary, it’s Sanjit actually. Er, can I stop you
for a second? I’d like to stick to the agenda and
discuss the advertising concept first. I think it’s very
interesting and we can come back to the brand
topic later.
G: Erm, OK. I mean, I don’t have much time – and I
really want to talk about changing the marketing
budget. It’s a disaster.
S: Can we slow down a little? Gary, I think that’s
really outside the scope of the meeting today. As I
said, I want to stick to the agenda. So, coming back
to the advertising concept …
K: Yes, we have some ideas we want to run past
you.
C: Gary, I think Sanjit has some …
G: Fine, fine, whatever, but …
S: Gary, let her finish what she’s saying, please.
Her views are important.
C: Gary, I think Sanjit has some good points which
you’ll be very happy with so I agree: it’s probably
best to start there.
G: OK. Shoot away.
S: I actually had a look through your branding
document before the call. Some great ideas, thanks
Gary. It really matches with some of my own ideas
for promotion using local sporting events as a
media platform.
G: OK. Great. This is all budgeted?
S: Yes, I’ll come to that in a second. Let’s first talk
about …
4.3.4
In Option A, Sanjit adopts an ‘accept and adapt’
approach which gives Gary the opportunity to
express his concerns, to challenge the team and
offer creative solutions. However, by being allowed
to speak so freely, Gary ends up dominating the
others and makes them frustrated. The advantage
is that his ideas, which could help to innovate, are
heard by everyone straight away.
In Option B, Sanjit is more assertive. He decides
to intervene and insists on a more structured
approach. He stops Gary interrupting and controls
the meeting. This approach is collaborative; he
acknowledges Gary’s ideas; the discussion is more
focused and the meeting isn’t so one-sided, and
everyone is allowed to contribute more freely.
However, Gary’s ideas do not get heard.
5.1.1
P = Presenter TO = Takato Oku
TS = Tetsuhito Soyama E = Expert
P: Out on the street, 29 year old, Takato Oku has
got his groove on, but in the corporate world he
had a frustrating start. He knew that his turn for
promotion and pay rise was decades away. There
was a long line of older workers the company
needed to reward first.
For Japan Inc., that’s been the tradition for over
half a century, so he quit his first job and joined an
online media and advertising firm in 2013. Within
two years, he rose through the ranks to become a
manager.
TO: Initially, I was surprised to have staff who were
older than me, or to have a boss who was younger
than me, but I like the fact that CyberAgent
rewards its workers based on our performance, not
our age.
P: Tetsuhito Soyama is in charge of human
resources at CyberAgent.
TS: Many of our executives worked at companies
where the oldest got the biggest salary, and we
all felt that was unfair; our model means more
competition, it’s natural for older staff to feel
awkward to see their younger colleagues being
promoted first, but because it’s been our policy
from the start, I think it was easier for us, compared
with older companies.
P: During Japan’s economic boom of the 80s
and 90s, companies could afford to keep raising
salaries for all the workers as a reward for their
loyalty. But since the economic bubble burst, even
household names, such as Sony and Panasonic had
to reconsider their policies. Jobs were cut, which
came as a shock to Japanese workers who were
expecting the guarantee of lifelong employment.
E: It’s like a couple who just found out that your
partner was cheating on you. They are feeling
betrayed but companies which revise their policies
have not all been successful, because unless you
can turn your business around, you are just creating
unhealthy competition among your employees.
P: For young companies like CyberAgent, the new
salary model has, so far, paid off, and its success
is what the rest of Japan Inc. is also hoping to
achieve. But it’s much trickier for bigger and older
companies to adjust to the new economic reality.
5.3.1
Cr = Claire Cd = Claudio S = Sanjit K = Katie
Cr: Claudio.
Cd: Hey.
Cr: Have you see the latest sales figures from
Sanjit?
Cd: Yeah. Not what we expected, right? What
happened?
Cr: Their marketing campaigns. They happened.
We shouldn’t have trusted them to handle the
campaigns themselves. I mean, did you see them?
Really badly designed. And now sales haven’t taken
off.
Cd: Well … are we sure that’s the reason for the
poor sales?
Cr: I’m sure it is. I think we should pull the plug and
do a full re-design from this end. Top to bottom.
Cd: I’ll need to think about that … I know we’re
concerned but we have to stand by the decision we
made to let them do it.
Cr: I still disagree, but keep me posted. Whatever
you decide.
Cd: Sure
S: Hey Katie.
K: So … I just had an ‘interesting’ chat with Claire.
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She thinks I owe you an apology.
S: What?
K: She told me my marketing campaigns shared a
lot of the blame for low sales figures and that I’m
not doing my job properly.
S: Oh.
K: Which isn’t fair. I mean we knew there was a risk
of lower numbers from Bangladesh this quarter.
And analytics say they’ll pick up in the next few
months anyway.
S: Claire may be stressed about the sales figures,
but that doesn’t mean she can talk to you like
that. Well, I’m having a meeting with Claudio later
today. Things should be clearer after that, but I’m
sure he won’t be in a good mood either.
K: I know. Sorry.
S: Not as sorry as I’ll be feeling later.
5.3.2
C = Claudio S = Sanjit
C: I’ve pretty much got two reactions to
these sales figures. First: surprise. Second:
disappointment.
S: I understand. Er, there’s often a mismatch
between forecasts and actual results —
C: That may be, but if there’s a difference in figures
it should be with higher sales, not lower. We can’t
go on like this.
S: I’m afraid you’re not seeing the big picture here,
Claudio. The market has been slow to respond to
new environmental initiatives by the government.
We thought more people would be buying our
product by now.
C: And we’re only hearing about this now? You
told me that Katie had this under control; that she
made realistic estimates.
S: She does. I assure you.
C: Sanjit, if this is ‘under control’, I’d hate to see
what ‘out of control’ looks like.
S: Well, you have to remember that we predicted
this might happen. This should not come as a
surprise. We expected lower figures this quarter
and warned you about them. Katie is very good
at what she does and she is very close to the
market in Bangladesh. She’s very confident that
Bangladesh will be a huge success. We just need to
give it a little more time to pick up.
C: Really?
S: Come on Claudio. We’ve talked about this
before. We just need a little patience … and maybe
a little more respect, too.
C: Excuse me? ‘Respect’?
S: We’re all professionals here. We all care about
the quality of our work. We’re very passionate
about it – sometimes it even causes arguments.
You know, Claire confronted Katie earlier today and
suggested that her marketing campaigns are to
blame for the poor sales.
C: Claire may have a point, if you ask me.
S: Well I’m not sure what you’re saying is
necessarily accurate. You know we implemented
your expert Gary’s new ideas on those campaigns.
That still didn’t help. Nothing changes the fact that
Bangladesh takes a little more time to react to
marketing. We shouldn’t change the campaign now.
C: So you’re telling me that sales will increase …
just very slowly.
S: That’s right. Everything will be OK.
C: If you say so. We’ll hold off on any changes to
the campaign for now.
5.3.3
C = Claudio S = Sanjit
C: I’ve pretty much got two reactions to these sales
figures. First: surprise. Second: disappointment.
S: Er, why so?
C: Why do you think? They’re way too low. I think
we should consider redesigning the marketing
campaign … the whole thing.
S: OK. I understand what you’re saying, and why,
but you also have to acknowledge there’s often a
mismatch between forecasts and actual results.
C: Yet the situation stays the same. If there’s a
difference in figures, it should be with higher sales,
not lower. This can’t continue.
S: I can see your point. I’ll be honest. We’d really
hoped sales would pick up faster following the new
government environmental initiatives.
C: Hope all you like, Sanjit – they haven’t. You
told me that Katie had this under control. You told
me that she made realistic estimates. Are you sure
she’s the right person for the job?
S: I’m happy to accept what you’re saying; I
appreciate the point you’re making, but not
necessarily how you’re making it.
C: What do you mean?
S: There’s room for improvement. I agree. But I
can assure you, Katie is very good at her job. She
wouldn’t work for us otherwise. And she’s also
very close to the market in Bangladesh. She’s very
confident that Bangladesh will be a huge success.
It’ll pick up. We just underestimated how long it
would take to see the benefits from the marketing
campaign.
C: Sanjit. I’m worried that your team is seeing this
too much from a local perspective. Maybe there are
opportunities for you and your team to learn from
the experience we have in other countries and
markets.
S: That’s useful to think about. Look, we can
always learn more. Nobody is perfect. Katie is great
– but, thinking about it, maybe we can all benefit
from what you’ve done in other countries in the
region. How about this? Before proceeding any
further, we set up another meeting between Katie
and Claire. We can bring all the information and
our perspectives together.
C: OK. Fine. But we need to do it quickly. We can’t
afford to waste any more time.
S: I take on board what you’re saying. We’ll hurry
this along, I promise. I just wanted to get some
feedback from you first.
C: I appreciate that.
S: Perhaps we also need to communicate better in
this team, especially when the pressure’s on.
C: Agreed. Stress never brings out the best in
anyone, does it? Look, I’ll get in touch with Claire
now to see what time she can make tomorrow. Can
you do the same for Katie?
S: Yep, sure. I’ll do that now.
5.3.4
In Option A, Sanjit politely but firmly pushes back
against Claudio’s critical feedback, and stands
up for Katie when suggesting that Claire may
need to be more respectful, especially in her own
feedback delivery style. It’s a little tense, which
could negatively affect their relationship, though
Sanjit has stood his ground and protected his team
member Katie, both of which are positive things.
In Option B, Sanjit also stands up for Katie and her
experience, but this time is more accepting of the
overall feedback, and shows openness to learn
more, though could he be perceived as being a bit
too quick to accept criticism?
In both options the marketing campaign will
remain unchanged for now, and the team will work
on their communication and collaboration, so the
outcomes are the same. But the team relationships
are impacted differently in each option.
6.1.1
P = Presenter I = Interviewer M = Maxine
Bédat
D = Domenica Delfini Arroyo MB = Mike Barry
A = Alienor Taylor PI = Peter Ingwersen
P: Many companies like to claim they are ethical
businesses. This can be because they believe in
a moral approach to commerce. It might also be
because ethical is a label that helps them increase
sales.
How can we discover if a business is ethical? We’ve
been looking into the fashion industry – and why
your clothing has become an ethical matter. In the
fast fashion industry, clothing brands compete to
offer new trends as quickly and cheaply as possible.
Pressure on time and cost is intense: it means
tough working conditions and low pay rates for
factory workers.
I: Let’s start off by talking about, what is ‘Fashion
Revolution Day’?
M: Fashion Revolution Day is a global movement;
over 70 countries are participating; it’s citizens
around the world asking what should be a very
basic question: who made my clothes – using the
hashtag ‘who made my clothes’.
P: Protest movements like Fashion Revolution Day
start because of scenes like this. In 2013 a factory
building, the Rana Plaza, collapsed and killed over
a thousand workers. This tragedy made the public
aware of the dangerous conditions the victims had
been facing at work.
D: The Rana Plaza case made consumers really
want to know where their clothes were coming
from and how they were made. Um, critics accused
fashion brands and consumers of being responsible
for the deaths. Many brands felt they had to
guarantee their products were not coming from
Rana Plaza style sweatshops.
P: British fashion designer Katherine Hamnett was
one of many who campaigned against the clothing
industry for its unethical conduct.
D: The campaigns against unethical fashion
started a movement where some labels and
designers began to try to brand themselves as
ethical. Um it’s been popular to focus on the
environmental side of ethics – ‘green’ and ‘natural’
is a nice message for consumers.
P: Fashion retailer Marks & Spencer would like
to sell its customers more ethical clothing but
sourcing enough fair-trade cotton to produce the
garments is a problem.
MB: The amount of fair-trade cotton in the world
is … available … it’s tiny. There’s probably less
than a thousand tonnes actually available at the
moment. M&S’s total use of cotton at the moment
is fifty thousand tonnes, so even if we took every
piece of fair-trade cotton in the world, it wouldn’t
even touch the amount we actually need as a
business.
P: At the London College of Fashion, the students
who’ll be the next generation’s designers are
reacting to the problem. They are trying to use only
ethically sourced materials.
A: The more I found out about the fashion
industry, the more I kind of, I thought it was really
horrible, the environmental and ethical impacts
that has on the world, I just … I just don’t think are
acceptable. You know I wanted the products to be
beautiful in every aspect of them, so not only do
they look good, but … the … when you look behind
the scenes they’re good as well.
D: The ethical debate in the fashion business has
created a tension between the top priced labels
and the mainstream brands. So the top designer
labels can usually pay good wages, so they will
sell you an item and might also try to convince you
that no one got harmed for you to get that shirt.
But high volume brands need the garments to be
inexpensive and some of them prefer you close
your eyes to whatever harm might have been done.
So looking across the whole of the industry, we
don’t have an ethical solution yet.
P: But fashion now has strongly ethical players.
After his range of ethical clothing was shown at
a fashion show, Danish designer Peter Ingwersen
told news cameras that fashion will become an
ethical business.
PI: In the future I actually believe that we won’t
see any separations between ethical fashion and
more mainstream fashion, I think it’s all gonna be
one. Anything that you wear will actually come
under the same umbrella with very high standards,
I think that’s the way it’s gonna go.
P: Ethics in fashion might be a genuine moral effort
to abolish bad practices and make more ethical
products. Or it could be just a kind of marketing. But
if consumers become more responsible, the ethical
dimension of fashion looks set to grow.
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6.3.1
E = Emma C = Claudio
E: Just in time! Got a minute?
C: Sure.
E: I’ve heard some news that might not be good.
C: Go on.
E: Well, I have this friend in finance in the South
East Asian region who told me SendAll are in
trouble.
C: SendAll? The distributor we recommended to
EN-Tek?
E: Apparently they’re struggling with cash flow
and debt and are quietly looking for a business
partner.
C: Right. Right. I suppose I should warn Sanjit next
time I see him.
E: No, no, no – I’m not convinced that’s a good
move. We recommended SendAll as the distributor
… so that might not reflect very well on us and we
don’t want to unnecessarily concern him at this
stage. It’s just a rumour, after all.
C: You may have a point but, frankly, I’m not
entirely sure I’d feel right keeping this from him. It
feels dishonest.
E: Your call. But if I were you, I’d keep this quiet.
6.3.2
S = Sanjit C = Claudio
S: Hi there, Claudio, it’s good to see you again.
C: Good to see you, too. How are things?
S: Great. Yeah – thanks again for suggesting
SendAll. Those guys are the best! We couldn’t have
asked for a better distributor.
C: That’s … great. Really.
S: Just thinking out loud here … but maybe we
can benefit a lot from having them as more of a
strategic partner and not simply our distributor.
What do you think?
C: I’m not entirely sure at this stage, Sanjit.
S: Er, but …
C: I don’t think we should do that at the moment.
We’re still in the early stages of working together.
They’re good, yes, but it could be good to wait for a
while
S: But everything’s going so well! Why shouldn’t
we give them a little more incentive? You know, a
good sign? I’m absolutely certain that this will be a
long and successful relationship. Aren’t you?
C: Just hear me out. Yes, maybe I’m playing devil’s
advocate here, but I’m not sure that would be a
good idea. There might be new issues that come to
light. It’s just a thought. I could be wrong.
S: Hold on. Back up. What sort of new issues?
C: Sorry, I have to take this.
S: Yeah, sure …
6.3.3
S = Sanjit C = Claudio
S: Hi there, Claudio, it’s good to see you again.
C: Good to see you, too. How are things?
S: Great. Hey – thanks again for suggesting
SendAll. Those guys are the best. Things are
running really smoothly. In fact, you know what? I
strongly believe we can benefit a lot from having
them as more of a strategic partner and not simply
our distributor. What do you think?
C: Well, I don’t want to worry you, but I feel I have
to tell you this.
S: What’s up?
C: Well, I’m sorry to say that I’ve heard SendAll
might be having some financial difficulties.
S: Really?
C: I know, I’m still processing the information
myself, but it’s important to be open, so I want to
let you know what I’ve heard.
S: I appreciate that. So what do you know?
C: Well, apparently they’re now having cash
flow problems. They’re quietly looking for a
business partner. I’m not saying I agree, but some
people think this is a sign that the company is in
trouble. I’m sorry about this. I know it was us who
suggested them and I’m aware this may cast us in
a bad light. This information isn’t confirmed, but I
think you should know.
S: That’s OK, Claudio. I appreciate the honesty.
Now, correct me if I’m wrong, but … shouldn’t we
be pre-emptively looking for another distributor?
C: To be honest, I don’t think it’ll be a problem
either way. I’d say hold off on that for the moment,
until we know more.
C: Sorry, I have to take this.
S: Yeah, sure …
6.3.4
By now Claudio has built a good working
relationship with Sanjit. It’s understandable that he
doesn’t feel good about keeping the information
from him.
In Option A, Claudio decides not to tell Sanjit in
an attempt to avoid any concerns that Sanjit may
develop. He’s vague and he talks around the topic,
which in itself arouses Sanjit’s suspicions. He senses
that Claudio isn’t being fully open with him, and
may develop some trust issues.
Option B is almost the opposite. Claudio’s openness
and transparency strengthens their relationship,
and Claudio emphasises that he isn’t currently
worried about the situation with their distributor.
However, we can clearly see that Sanjit has
interpreted this news with more concern than
Claudio, and has called an emergency meeting for
the next day.
7.1.1
P = Presenter A = Agata Wisniewska
E = Eleonora Pessina M = Matthew Dickin
EM = Eben Maasdorp
P: Time is money goes the saying and this
is especially true in the business world. With
production targets and project deadlines to meet,
effective time management is a top concern for
business leaders.
Over a hundred years ago, when carmaker Henry
Ford pioneered the industrial assembly line, he
realised the connection between the time taken to
make each car and company profits. Measuring and
managing the time spent on tasks became part of a
management approach known as Fordism.
Today the Fordist concept of time management
still operates in some places. At many distribution
warehouses, for example, workers are required to
pick and pack orders at lightning speed.
Elsewhere in the workplace time management,
in the sense of setting goals, prioritising and
scheduling in order to maximise efficiency, is an
important feature. At this publishing company
there’s a weekly team meeting to discuss and
schedule all the jobs that have to be done. Agata
Wisniewska is the Content Development Manager.
A: This week we’ll probably need to deal with er
second proofs first. … My main role in the team
is to organise a schedule, to allocate resources
and set the goals for the team members. Time
management is very important for our business
because, if the team takes longer than expected,
it has an impact on the budget, and therefore the
company loses money. When it comes to managing
the time of each of the members of my team, I
do not get involved too much. I prefer them to
decide how they prioritise their time and also
to communicate to the rest of the team on their
progress and any issues they may have.
P: One member of the team, Eleonora Pessina, is
an Instructional Designer. How does she manage
her time?
E: I work across many different projects. So, what
really helps me is … um … making a to-do list at the
beginning of the week … um …where I really jot
down everything that I need to do for that week.
But then I also identify key priorities, key tasks that
I want to get done. I use a digital calendar and I
use different colours to identify what is meeting
time and what is … uh … desk time. Another thing
I use to manage my time is post-it notes … um …
and I use them just to remind myself of things that
I wouldn’t normally do, so that they’re there on my
desktop looking at me.
P: Time management for employees of global
companies brings new challenges. Matthew Dickin
is the Director of Design and Production.
M: I work with teams and stakeholders spread
all around the globe. So the first thing to say is I
have to be very aware of where everybody is and
that I have to be very aware of what that means in
terms of time zone. So, for calls with Australia, Asia,
India, I aim for very early in my morning, which is
afternoon or early evening for them. And then calls
to America … um … tend to happen at the end of
my day which is very early in the morning for them.
Certainly there are times, particularly during busy
periods, where it feels like there aren’t enough
hours in the day. Um … so I have to be very careful
to try and manage that within my own diary to
make sure that that’s not too often.
P: There’s a growing demand from employees
for more flexibility in their work schedules, and
some people like Eben Maasdorp, a translator, are
choosing to work on a freelance basis.
EM: As a freelance you actually have more time to
work because you don’t have to commute to work,
for example. You also have more time to spend with
your family because you can work in the evenings or
early mornings depending on what suits you best. I
do have to stay focused, so my strategy tends to be
to commit myself to one hour, to see how much I can
do in one hour – so, don’t take any breaks before the
60 minutes are up. And then sit down the next 60
minutes and see if I can hit the same target.
P: Organising one’s own time as a freelance is
worlds away from the experience of workers on
Henry Ford’s assembly lines. But whatever the role
and whatever the industry, good time management
will continue to be essential to business profitability
and an individual’s career success.
7.3.1
K = Katie S = Sanjit
K: You look worried, Sanjit. What’s the matter?
S: Well, you know how we heard that SendAll,
our regional distributor, may be having financial
problems … I’ve been looking into it. It’s worse than
we thought. They’ve expanded too quickly and are
in trouble now.
So I collected the financial details and any other
information I could find and sent them over to
Emma Berg, the Financial Analyst at Go Global. I did
that yesterday and even though this is obviously
urgent, I still haven’t heard back from her yet.
K: OK. The way I see it, I’d say you have three
options here. First up, you could trust that she’s
seen the mail, understands the urgency and will
get back to you as soon as she can.
S: Or?
K: Push her for a response, like with a call or an
email, and be clear about your expectations for a
timely response.
S: Right. I like that better. I don’t want to just sit
and wait. Wait – that’s only two. What’s the third
option? Did you leave the best until last?
K: You tell me. The third option is you could
escalate it and go over her head.
S: You mean go straight to Claudio?
K: Yes – to get clarification on what’s going
on with SendAll, and to raise the issue of
responsiveness. It would need to be handled
sensitively though.
S: Sounds risky. I’ll think I’ll get in touch with her.
Thanks.
7.3.2
S = Sanjit K = Katie
S: What should I say?
K: A friendly email ought to do it. Something like,
’Let me know when you’ll get a chance to send me
the information.‘ Email’s definitely the best option.
A phone call with no warning can be a bit of an
imposition – she’ll see the email as less pushy.
S: Sounds good. Erm, ‘Hi Emma, I’m just resending
my mail from yesterday. I’m worried that if SendAll
goes bankrupt we’ll have a big problem. When do
you think you’ll be able to get back to me? Thanks,
Sanjit.‘
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K: OK, good. Now let’s see what happens. I mean,
we’re their business partners. They really should
be getting back to us, especially with something
important like this. I’d be surprised if there was a
further delay.
S: Me too.
K: Then again, they’re very busy, so they may have
a different perspective than we do. Maybe they
have different or more information and don’t think
that this is urgent.
S: Oh, she’s just replied.
K: And?
S: Hi, I saw your original email, but I’m overloaded
at the moment. Nothing to worry about. All is OK.
Can I get back to you by tomorrow morning?
K: Great.
S: Absolutely. Just the reply I needed. Thanks for
your help.
K: It’s no worries.
7.3.3
S = Sanjit E = Emma
S: I’ll call her now. No point waiting any longer.
E: Hi, Sanjit.
S: Emma. Hi. I’m just calling about my mail from
yesterday. Did you get it?
E: Your mail? Erm, yes, I got it.
S: Well I’m just wondering why I haven’t heard
back from you yet. I was expecting to hear from you
within a few hours of my mail. It’s really urgent.
E: Huh? You only sent it yesterday afternoon. Well,
I didn’t get back to you because I haven’t had time
to go through it in detail. Sorry. No offence, Sanjit,
but I’m juggling a lot of work right now.
S: So is there any more news on SendAll? Should
we be looking for another distributor?
E: Sanjit. Slow down. Take a breath. I’ve been
travelling since Monday, I’m running on zero sleep
right now, and I have another meeting in about
two minutes. I’m not ignoring you, I’m just busy.
OK? I’ve seen your email and I will respond by
tomorrow morning. I assure you.
S: OK, sorry. Please prioritise this. It’s urgent. And
yes, I need a response ASAP.
E: I didn’t mean to react like that. Sorry. And I’m
sorry for not getting back to you earlier Sanjit, but
everything is fine. No need to worry. You have my
word.
S: OK, thanks.
E: Bye!
S: Bye!
7.3.4
In this scene, Sanjit and Emma clearly have
different opinions of how quick a response to
an urgent issue should be and of what ‘urgent’
actually means.
To help improve clarity and understanding, here
are three tips for dealing with urgency. One:
write the word ‘urgent’ in the subject line and
mark the mail with high priority as a sending
option. Also indicate by when you need or expect
a response. Two: when receiving such emails,
quickly acknowledge that you have received the
mail, even if you’re busy, and indicate when the
sender can expect a response. And three: follow
up quickly, from either side, if the response date is
missed. Focus on the information needed and not
specifically on the delay or reasons for it.
8.1.1
P = Presenter G = Greg Smith T = Tommy
Bryant
P: Change is a fact of life for everyone, whether
it’s starting school or college, moving house or
beginning a new job. Companies also constantly
face the need to change. It may be to improve
efficiency, increase profits or to adapt to new
regulations. Whatever the reason, change can
bring uncertainty and risk, so it needs very careful
management. Brompton Bicycle is the UK’s largest
bicycle manufacturer. The company designs and
makes a rather special kind of bike – one that
can be quickly folded up, which makes it ideal
for commuters. Eighty percent of the bikes are
exported, mainly to Japan and East Asia, and to
Europe. A few years ago, it became clear that in
order to keep growing, the company would have to
move to a much larger site. Greg Smith is the head
of Health, Safety and Facilities and was one of the
team managing the change.
G: Brompton Bicycles has been growing ever
since I joined in 1998. There were 24 people in the
company at that point, we’re now nearly 230, so as
we expanded we needed more and more space.
P: The company formed a team of six people, to
plan and manage the change. One of the main
tasks was to weigh up the risks and benefits of
different locations.
G: We considered that the biggest risk to the
business, was losing the staff that we’d spent many
years training, so we concentrated our efforts
in looking for sites in West London, rather than
elsewhere in the country. We’ve ended up six miles
or approximately 10 kilometres away from where
we were.
P: It’s important for any company introducing
change to make sure all the staff are onboard.
Tommy Bryant is the Trade Marketing Executive.
T: I was quite apprehensive at first, when the
company first informed us about the move. One
of the main issues was the journey time; um … it
was already an hour and a half by tube … um or a
45-minute cycle, which was quite long. And moving
to the new site um, caused me some concern ‘cause
I didn’t want to extend that journey time.
G: We made sure we er consulted with all our staff
and told them about the potential location, before
we actually signed the lease. So we brought all our
employees to the new site in buses, so they could
see the local area and see the new factory and the
much better facilities that this site has. The moves
themselves were actually quite quick. Er we split
it up over a period of months. We moved some
departments before Christmas 2015 and others
during January 2016.
T: When the company actually moved it was a
very quick and efficient process, and we were very
excited about the new site as well. A big change to
what we were used to.
P: The company measured the success of the
move in two main ways.
G: We only lost two days production for each
of the departments as we moved them. And in
personnel terms, we lost approximately six people
out of the total 230.
T: I’m coping well now with the … the journey time.
Initially when I was living um in my house share, er
the commute to our new site was er very difficult.
So I had to move back home with my parents, which
reduced the journey time by quite a bit, so now it
takes me um around er 40 minutes to cycle, or even
40 minutes part by bicycle part by bus.
G: So we’ve been at the new site for 18 months
and people really have adapted well to this new
location.
T: The working conditions on the new site are
much better. It’s much more open, er there’s a lot
more windows, which actually makes it a much
nicer view altogether. We have a canteen where
everyone can sit together and have lunch. And as a
whole, there’s just a lot more space.
G: One of the major benefits of moving to the
new factory site, is that we’ve now got all our
employees working on one site and the morale of
the staff has improved enormously as a result.
8.3.1
P = Paweł S = Sanjit K = Katie
P: You’re looking happier than the last time I saw
you!
S: I’m feeling great. We’ve had a successful launch,
the product is selling well in Bangladesh now.
Everything’s going brilliantly, both in the market
and our cooperation with Go Global.
P: It’s great, isn’t it? So what now?
S: Well a partnership opportunity has arisen in
Vietnam with a key distributor. I’d like Katie to lead
on this and work with them.
P: Sounds like a good opportunity, both for EN-Tek
and Katie.
S: Exactly. I’m a little concerned though, as she
was really looking forward to expanding the
Bangladeshi market as it’s her specialist area, but
we can’t miss this opportunity in Vietnam. She’s a
good fit and certainly capable – she just needs to
be convinced to step out of her comfort zone.
P: Agreed. How are you going to tell her?
S: Well … I’d better do it sensitively. I’m just trying
to decide here: should I take a direct approach and
tell her it’s a good career move? Or should I gently
try to coax her towards the idea …
P: … and see how keen she is?
S: Mm … I’ll figure it out.
K: I’m just about to head into a meeting with
Sanjit. Bangladesh was a success … so I have a
feeling he’s gonna ask me to grow the Bangladeshi
market further. I’d be quite comfortable doing that
and it’s definitely something I know how to do. In
fact … I think I’d be really good at it!
8.3.2
S = Sanjit K = Katie
S: Thanks again for all your support on the launch
in Bangladesh. Your hard work really paid off.
K: No problem … really enjoyed it.
S: Well, that’s good to hear – ‘cause I’ve got a new
opportunity you might also enjoy.
K: Great. What is it?
S: We’ve got a great opportunity to partner with
a leading distributor in Vietnam to launch our
products there and I’d like you to lead the initiative.
K: Vietnam?
S: That’s right. It’ll be great.
K: Oh. Right. I just … I mean … I’m really familiar
with the Bangladeshi market, but Vietnam is … It’s
really not a market I know anything about.
S: Well, you would need the relevant market
intelligence and maybe you should get some
further training as well. You’ll be fine.
K: I’m not sure. It’s all very sudden …
S: If I were you, I’d take this opportunity. Just think
of what this will do for your career. The only way is
up.
K: I guess, but … there’s a lot to think about,
Sanjit. It’ll mean more travel, won’t it? Maybe even
moving there for a while?
S: Yes, it will – and I understand. It’s a big choice
to make. But I’m sure you’ll be great at the job. Tell
you what – I think it would be best for you to sleep
on it, mull it over, and get back to me later in the
week. I don’t want to pile on too much pressure,
but you need to make a decision about this soon.
K: OK. Will do.
Wow. That was unexpected. I’m really not sure
about this. I think I might be in over my head. And
I’m a bit disappointed that Sanjit didn’t really hear
my concerns.
8.3.3
S = Sanjit K = Katie
S: Thanks again for all your support on the launch
in Bangladesh. Your hard work really paid off.
K: No problem … really enjoyed it.
S: Well, that’s good to hear – ‘cause I’ve got a new
opportunity you might also enjoy.
K: Great. What is it?
S: Well, we’ve got a great opportunity to partner
with a leading distributor in Vietnam to launch our
products there and I’d like you to lead the initiative.
K: Me? In … Vietnam?
S: Yes. How would you feel about the idea of
going abroad for a while or, if not, going on lots of
business trips there?
K: Er … I’ll be honest, Sanjit, this is a lot to take
in. I mean, what do I know about the Vietnamese
market?
S: Let’s see that as a challenge to overcome, rather
than a barrier stopping you. How do you think you
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could best approach this? Do you think you should
look at what made Bangladesh a success?
K: Well … I could see which of the strategies I used
in Bangladesh would also work in Vietnam and
then decide what further training I might need.
S: Perfect.
K: What do you think I should do then?
S: Well I can’t tell you what to do, but I can help
you decide. Bear in mind this would mean a pay
rise and a massive boost to your career.
K: I like the sound of that. I could start by doing
some research and learning about the market as I
did for Bangladesh.
S: Absolutely, and what kind of support would
you need?
K: Well … a local expert would be ideal. But we
would also be in touch regularly, wouldn’t we?
S: Of course. I’ll always be on call. And we can look
into trying to find a local expert.
K: OK. I really need to think about this, Sanjit. It
doesn’t seem as daunting now, I suppose … but it’s
still something of a leap into the unknown.
S: It’s a great opportunity.
K: I know!
8.3.4
The concepts of coaching and mentoring have
become increasingly important at all levels in
organisations. It can be tricky to decide which
approach to take.
In Option A, Sanjit is direct and encouraging. As a
mentor, he tells Katie what he thinks she should do
and what he thinks is good for her. Katie, however,
feels that he hadn’t really heard, or listened to, her
concerns. As a result, she doesn’t seem too positive
at the end.
In Option B, Sanjit takes a coaching approach and
asks Katie a number of questions to help her think
about how she would like to approach the new role
and what she feels she needs in order to succeed.
She is apprehensive at the end of this version also,
but is more positive overall about the challenge.
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1.01 S = Sue M = Martin A = Angela
S: Is that coffee?
M: Yes, it is. You want some?
S: Yes, thanks.
M: Here you go.
S: Thank you. Let me introduce myself. I’m Sue,
from the London office.
M: Martin Kabatnik, from Germany. This is Angela.
A: Hello.
S: And where are you from, Angela?
A: Portugal.
S: Are you based in the Lisbon office?
A: No, Porto.
S: So do you both work in local finance teams?
A: Yes. Er, for one year.
M: Yes, finance. One year.
S: Oh really? Me, too – I joined the company last
year. So how have you found it so far?
M: Hah – well it’s certainly been a learning curve.
In such a big company there are so many different
systems and every team seems to have its own way
of doing things, you know?
S: Yeah, I know what you mean! But I have to say
in general people have been pretty supportive and
patient while I’ve been getting up to speed.
M: Yes, same for me, actually.
S: So I guess we’ll all be together in the finance
part of the meeting this afternoon. Should be
interesting, I think.
M: Yes, I think so.
S: OK, I think we’re going to start soon. I’ll talk to
you later. I just want to meet a few of the others
quickly. It’s important to say hello. See you later.
1.02 T = Team lead S = Sue A = Angela
M = Martin
T: So, er to start … could you all say a few words
about yourself as a short personal presentation to
the team? Er, who wants to begin?
S: Sure, I’m happy to start. I’m Sue Jacobs, and
based in the London office. I’ve worked in this
industry for ten years now. I was with a competitor
for many years and then I joined Hansens at the
beginning of last year. My background is in finance.
My current job is Head of Financial Controlling in
the UK and I report to Mike Keats, who’s the Head
of Group Finance. I’ve worked a lot on international
projects which is why I am here – full time on the
project. I’m really delighted to be part of this team
and think we can achieve a lot in this project. It’s
important to create a common platform for finance
across Europe. Happy to be here.
T: Thanks, Sue. Er, Angela.
A: OK. Angela from Porto. Er, been in the company a
short time. I am only 50 percent on the project with
my colleague who is not here. And also finance, yes.
T: OK. Er, Martin?
M: Er, Kabatnik. Martin Kabatnik. I’m Head of
Finance in Germany, and will work on the project
20 percent. I studied finance in Berlin so worked
in finance all my life. I agree. I think this is an
important project for the company.
T: OK, so can we now hear a little from …
1.03 S = Sue A = Angela M = Martin
S: OK, Angela, lovely to meet you today. Really
looking forward to working with you.
A: The same for me. It was a pleasure to meet you.
S: Yes, and I really liked what you said about your
approach to projects in Portugal. Can you send me
the slides you used in the afternoon?
A: Sure. I have your card.
S: Great. And Martin, also very nice to meet you.
M: Nice to meet you.
S: If you need any help with tickets for the theatre
in London, just let me know. I can help.
M: I will be in touch. I promise.
S: OK, bye. See you next month. And I’ll bring
some tea for you from London. Only the best.
M: Ah, don’t forget!
2.01 T = Teresa M = Mike
T: Welcome to Brazil, Mike. I hope you are settling
in comfortably.
M: Thanks. It’s great being here. I’m still waking up
very early but I guess that’s just the time difference.
T: Yes, I have the same problem when I travel. Has
everyone been helpful so far?
M: Yes, they have and I appreciate it. This is my first
trip here so everything is new.
T: I know the feeling! So, tell me what I can do to
help you.
M: OK. Well, as I think you know, I’ve been asked
to start work on a global strategy for training
and development across the whole company. It’s
a big initiative and I want it to be based on best
practices that are already in place. Every country
has a different approach at the moment so I’m
visiting our biggest sites to find out more about
the different approaches and if there’s anything
that ought to be done that we are not doing at the
moment. I’m starting here in Brazil and then I’ll be
heading to Asia on Wednesday.
T: OK, well the way we do things here works well
for us – I’m very happy to talk about it.
M: Great. So um, let me check, are you the HR
Director for all of Brazil or just for this plant?
T: Um, I’m actually in charge of all the HR
Departments throughout the country. We feeI
it’s important to have one strategy for both longterm and short-term goals regarding training and
development.
M: Thanks. That clarifies that for me. I’m really
interested in your input on both training and
development and what you consider to be the
main differences between them.
T: Um well, training for us means looking at
areas specific to a job. It’s a functional approach,
meaning it’s used in one job or department. These
training sessions are used to make sure that
employees have the skills they need to do their job.
These types of courses are job- or task-oriented
with short-term goals.
M: Can you give me an example?
T: Um sure. If we hire a newly-graduated engineer
to work with suppliers, we may have to give him or
her some specialised training on autoCAD drawing
programs. The supplier might ask how a part could
be improved, so the engineer has to be taught how
to use these 3D computer programs or be brought
up-to-date on the latest version.
M: Of course, that makes sense. But what about
deciding whether a large group should be trained
or just a few people? How is that done?
T: Training a small group versus a larger group is
a strategic decision every company has to make.
This would be considered carefully as it depends
on the available budget. We might want to train
a large group, but the budget doesn’t provide for
this, so smaller groups may be less costly. We, of
course, look carefully at who exactly needs the skill
in question for their role.
M: Mm that’s clear. And what other factors have to
be taken into account?
T: Well, there are often materials that need
to be handed out so they have to be prepared
in advance. It also has to be decided where the
training should be held and who the trainer
should be. We have to consider if it’s better to do
this in-house with one of our own employees or
rent a space outside and bring in an expert from
the field. It may also be possible to do a form of
blended learning, some of it online and some
of it with a trainer, or a mentor. There are lots of
possibilities now.
M: So, in general, you’re in favour of this type of
job-oriented training on skills?
T: Absolutely. I would say that specific skill training
is always seen as worthwhile. Whether it’s skill
training for a new program or new equipment I
believe it’s valuable. It’s also important for the
organisation that the training be successful. I guess I
would say that skill training is pretty cost effective.
M: And general development of staff ?
T: OK, now that’s another story. When we look
at development in business theory and skills
that can be used across departments, it may
only be beneficial if the trainee has the proper
mindset for growth. It mustn’t be decided without
thinking carefully about a number of aspects first.
Development is an important part of company
strategy and long-term goals.
M: I’m not sure I follow you.
T: Um, let me give you an example. If we take an
experienced manager and give them training on
how to provide motivation for their staff, that may
not be worthwhile because this person almost
certainly has the skills to do their job already.
Training for a young and inexperienced manager,
however, might be very helpful as development
deals with preparing employees for future
challenges and fits well into our long-term goals
of developing talent. It’s also a cross-functional
approach meaning that we might develop
someone who is currently in one department
with the idea that the person might be moved to
another department if we needed to replace a
manager for any reason.
M: So, what you’re saying is that development is
really helping employees gain general business
skills or concepts they can use elsewhere in
the company and for their future careers. Did I
understand that correctly?
T: Exactly right. And we still have the option of
using the same methods of delivery as we have
for training, namely in-house courses and blended
learning, mentoring or finding an external trainer.
The difference would only be in content.
M: And how do you decide then who gets training
and who gets developed?
T: Um, that depends on who needs to be developed
and how this will help the company. In the end,
we need to make sure that the subject matter is
relevant to their level of experience and knowledge.
M: OK…Thanks so much, Teresa. That’s clarified
quite a few things for me and I’ve made a note
of everything you said. If I have any follow-up
questions after I get back, I’ll get in touch.
2.03 I’ve worked a lot with teams in my
professional life, and, you know, there are a lot
of problems caused by different approaches to
teamwork. In the end, I think there are two very
different team cultures; one is more focused on the
individual, each person having a clear and specific
role and place in the team – this is team culture
A. People like this because it’s, well, clear roles –
people know what they have to do and what the
other does, and then they communicate like this
– they have clear personal objectives, they make
clear recommendations to the team based on their
expertise – simple. And, there’s a leader role, who
can confirm any final decision. For Team culture
B, this isn’t actually a team. What this culture
values is interaction and collaboration – working
together to offer and share ideas, to have a lot of
discussions and take creative decisions. In these
teams, roles overlap with each other; there are no
clear borders for roles; lots of discussion. And you
see no separate leader role. Yes, of course, there is
a leader, but shared leadership is more important
to have a culture where everyone is responsible
for the final decision. Which is better? Well, that is
a whole other question. All I will say is that people
often have very strong beliefs about this, which
can make it difficult for people from these different
cultures to work together.
2.04 T = Takeshi S = Sam St = Steve
T: OK, let’s get started. So, just to confirm, we
have Sam and Paula here in the room, and Steve
joining from the USA. As you know, what we
are looking to do here today is to decide how to
digitalise the training and learning we do in the
company, moving away from traditional classroom
training, which still dominates the way we do
learning here. This means finding ways to bring
in new technologies, to become more flexible,
and more efficient and effective in the way we do
learning. Now, you all had the task of preparing
a few ideas based on your country needs. Just to
ensure everyone can say something, can we quickly
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go around the table, and hear everyone one by
one, and then discuss?
All: Fine.
S: Takeshi, can we talk about budget as I really
think this has a massive impact on what we can
and can’t do?
T: Sam, er I agree budget is really important, but
I want to come to that a little later. I really want to
focus on hearing the country presentations and
getting a clear picture of the needs we have in the
countries first; then we can think about the budget
constraints.
S: OK.
T: Great. And just to say, we have Steve dialling
in today but as we discuss things, it’s important
for everyone to speak up, give your ideas and get
involved. I really want us to share the facilitation
so everybody – step in, clarify, summarise – this is a
team meeting.
St: OK, no problem.
T: Great, well, let’s begin with you then, Steve.
Can you kick us off with …
2.05 T = Takeshi S = Sam St = Steve P = Paula
T: Thanks for that, Paula. So, er we’ve now heard
from everyone on their country needs. Where does
that leave us in terms of next steps? Anyone got
any thoughts on this?
S: Listening to what people have been saying, it
seems that there’s a consensus to reduce spending
on soft skills training. That technical training is the
main demand from the company.
T: What do you mean by that? Which soft skills?
S: I guess it’s the usual things like presentation
skills, negotiation skills, time management, and all
that. Probably some of the leadership training, too,
we could push to e-learning and save money.
St: Steve here. If I can just come in on that. I
actually really disagree, particularly on the
leadership side of things and e-learning. Of
course, people always look at technical training
as the priority, but I think it’s our job to defend
soft skills and leadership. And I really don’t think
it’s the training to digitalise. It needs a classroom
situation so people can reflect and experience
things together. If we do change, we need to be
very careful. Sorry, I don’t want to be negative, but I
really feel strongly about that.
T: No, thanks, Steve. Um, feel free to say what
you really think because it’ll help us to be creative.
Um, how do others feel about this? Paula, you
have some experience of developing e-learning
leadership training from your last company. What
do you think?
P: Actually, we had an effective blended solution
with a mix of e-learning and classroom training.
But in that case we were able to implement it
carefully over several years, to create a learning
culture where that worked. We don’t have that
here. People expect classroom training, and don’t
want e-learning.
T: OK, so that’s important. So, just to recap
everything. Sam, you feel we have an opportunity
to move to more e-learning. Steve, you are
sceptical. Paula, you have seen this work in
your previous company, but it needs to be done
carefully. So, listening to you all, I think we actually
agree that there are good options for change here,
but there are still a lot of details to work out and
we need to be careful how we do things. Perhaps
the next step would be to look carefully at some of
the risks of using e-learning in soft skills and …
2.06 S = Sam T = Takeshi St = Steve
S: So, what we’re doing in my area is to hold indepth discussions with heads of all departments to
gauge their response to e-learning. As I said, this is
really important because it helps us to …
T: Sam, can I stop you there? Buy-in from
department heads is definitely important, but I’m
afraid time is pressing and we need to come to a
decision on next steps so we can move forward. I
realise that we still have different views on some
points. So, Sam and Steve, my proposal would be
that you two work together on this for the next few
weeks and come up with a plan on how we move
forward. I think with more thinking, we can take a
final decision. Sam? How does that sound to you?
S: I agree.
St: Fine with me.
T: Great. Sorry, but I need to rush to my next call.
Thanks very much for this. I think we have made
really good progress. I’ll email round some possible
timings for the next meeting very soon. And also,
thanks to all of you for being so proactive and
sharing the facilitation. As I said at the beginning,
it makes a big difference if everyone steps in and
clarifies, summarises and so on. And it really helped
me and the discussion a lot this time. Good stuff.
All: Great. / Fine. / Thanks. Speak to you soon.
3.01 P = Pat S = Sam
P: Hello, Pat speaking.
S: Hi Pat, it’s Sam calling. I’m just looking at what
I need to prepare for the test next week and I was
wondering if you could help me with a couple of
things because you know more about this area.
P: Sure, no problem.
S: I’m having a little difficulty understanding
the concept of overall strategy and would like to
understand it better. This is all new to me.
P: Oh, OK. How can I help?
S: Well, there are a couple of things I’d like to
clarify regarding specific figures in a financial
forecast. When I better understand them, I’m
sure I’ll be able to get the bigger picture too. I’ve
emailed you the file that I’m trying to make sense
of.
P: OK, well I’m happy to help. And perhaps I can
send you a couple of printouts that I have with a
list of words and expressions used in finance.
S: OK. Great. Thanks. Can I talk you through the
points I’m unsure of?
P: Sure. I’ve just downloaded the attachment you
sent me.
3.02 P = Pat S = Sam
P: Right, I’ve got it open. Where should we start?
S: Well, can you look at the section on the top
right? Specifically the total projected sales figures
for each product line and each quarter.
P: Right.
S: I’m looking at column J. Are those figures gross
or net?
P: They’re gross. They’re the total revenue you
expect to get from each product.
S: OK, thanks. And tell me, what exactly do the
figures in column L refer to? What’s EBIT?
P: They’re the margins on each product line.
S: Sorry, I don’t follow. What are margins?
P: Margins show us how profitable the various
product lines are. We calculate that by subtracting
the operating costs from the revenue to get the
operating profit. The operating profit is our margin.
S: I see.
P: We often use the term EBIT when thinking
about the operating profit. It stands for earnings
before interest and taxes.
S: Thanks, I’ve heard that before when people are
talking about finance, sales and profits. Also, I don’t
know if my notes from the lecture are right. I wrote
down that the figures in row 48 are averages. Is
that correct?
P: Yes, you’re right. They’re averages of all of the
products in each category, A, B and C.
S: Hmm. Can you go over that again for me?
P: Sure. So, for example, we add up the projected
revenue from the six products in category A and
then divide that number by six. That gives us the
average revenue for each product in that category.
S: So you mean that you get the averages to see
how profitable, on average, that overall category
is?
P: Yes, that’s it.
S: And if I remember correctly, I think we use the
combined totals in each category to see where we
should concentrate our sales effort? Is that right?
P: Exactly.
3.03 S = Sam P = Pat
S: Thanks for your help, Pat. It’s been really useful
to speak to you. I often find it difficult to keep up
with all the terminology, there’s so much of it.
P: Would you like me to share with you a glossary
of standard terms for you to use as a reference? I’ll
send you the link.
S: Yes, that would be great, but can I not find it in
one of the books I am reading?
P: No, this is my own live glossary that I have been
developing since I was in your year.
S: Really? What do you mean by live?
P: Oh, when I say live, I mean that it’s cloud based.
I share it with my study group so that they can
update it too. Of course, we now know what words
like margins mean but we haven’t deleted them
from the glossary. Everything you are learning
about now is still in there.
S: Oh, thank you Pat. That’s really kind of you.
4.01 L = Lina J = Jimena MB = Multi-Babel
L: The Multi-Babel app translates your
conversations in real-time. The Multi-Babel app is
great if you want to network at conferences with
people who don’t speak your language, if you need
to have business conversations, or if you want to
socialise with people of different nationalities.
Forget about spending hours on learning grammar.
If you wear these wireless earphones, which are
connected to the app, you’ll be able to understand
instantly with simultaneous translation using voice
recognition.
If you click here, you’ll see all the language
options. At the moment we have English, Spanish,
Portuguese, Italian, French, and Cantonese Chinese
but later this year we’ll also be offering Arabic,
Hindi, Japanese, Korean, German, Polish and
Russian.
Unless you use it through the earphones,
everyone else will be able to hear your
conversation! But, if you use the mute function, you
can hear the translation through your earphones
not the speaker.
There is also another neat feature if you make
a mistake – here, you can pause it and it won’t
translate the words that you said in the last three
seconds. It’s extremely useful if you accidently say
the wrong figure, or when you get a new client’s
name wrong. Cool, isn’t it?
You’re probably wondering, ‘All this is great,
but how much will it cost me?’ The Multi-Babel
app with earphones retails at only 250 euros. But
we’re offering a special promotion this week for all
participants at the trade show: you can purchase
three apps with headsets for the price of two.
Earphones are available in a range of colours:
black, white, blue, purple and red.
This app is really best used for one-to-one
conversations. It isn’t suitable for meetings with
lots of people. However, I would recommend it
for networking, daily conversations and smaller
meetings. When you’ve tried it, you won’t be able
to live without it! And you’ll want to get one for
all your family and friends. I’m sure they won’t be
disappointed. The technology is changing so fast,
we’ll be able to offer you more languages and
faster translations next year with the help of more
advanced voice recognition, sensor technology
and improved artificial intelligence. Let me just
add that the whole process is done remotely in the
cloud so it doesn’t slow down your device, but you
do need to be online.
Who would like to try it? Any volunteers? Yes,
you, madam. Can you um put on these earphones?
That’s right. What’s your name?
J: Jimena.
L: What nationality are you, Jimena?
J: Mmm, española.
L: Right, let’s choose Spanish–English then. I’ll
turn the mute function off so that everyone can
hear. I promise you, you’ll be amazed! Start talking
when you hear the beep, OK?
J: Qué tengo que hacer?
MB: What do I have to do?
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J: Qúe maravilloso!
MB: How marvellous!
J: Quiero tres!
MB: I want three of them!
4.02 E = Eamon C = Chris
E: So, what’s new with our smartphones? At
Dawnbreakers, we’ve developed a phone that’s
way smarter than any phone anywhere, combining
the latest artificial intelligence, voice recognition
technology and the ultimate digital personal
assistant. But more of that later.
Since our last smartphone model, I’m pleased
to tell you that we’ve upgraded pretty much
everything: we’ve improved connectivity, we’ve
upgraded the camera, and increased the pixel
count. If you’ve seen the new screen, you’ll
notice it goes to the very edge of the phone. And
of course if it didn’t have high definition screen
resolution, we wouldn’t see video images so
clearly. What else? We’re currently developing
the remote control function for interconnected
home devices. This means you’ll be able to operate
all your home devices from your lights to the air
conditioning, using your phone. And next year we’ll
be supporting more virtual reality content with
‘wearables’. So, if I were wearing goggles now, I
could see the images in virtual reality. We’re also
going to be adding an improved ‘priority’ function.
At the moment, unless I prioritise events carefully,
the assistant over-rides my work schedule with my
social engagements! My boss might not be very
pleased if he found out about that!
We’re already making smartphones more
like robots. Let me show you a demonstration of
how. My new personal assistant can help me with
booking appointments and managing my schedule.
Some of you will remember our demonstration
last year with a prototype of the digital personal
assistant. Since then, I’m very pleased to announce,
we’ve improved battery life for voice recognition
to work more effectively. … Ladies and gentlemen,
I’d like to present my assistant, ... Chris! Say hello to
everyone.
C: Hi everyone, I’m Chris, Eamon’s digital personal
assistant.
E: Chris, you can help me with a number of tasks,
can’t you?
C: That’s correct, Eamon.
E: Just give us three examples please.
C: I can search for stuff on the internet. If you like,
I can control your home devices remotely, and I can
remind you of important meetings or birthdays.
E: So, when’s the next birthday I need to
remember Chris?
C: Oh, that’s easy, it’s yours! Next week, on the 8th
of March.
E: Mmm, I’d like to celebrate that. What about an
Italian restaurant in Dublin? For Wednesday the
8th of March at 7p.m.
C: OK, that’s the 8th of March at 7p.m. For how
many people, Eamon?
E: A table for six.
C: Searching ... for ... you ... now... I’ve just found
... five options within 30 minutes from you. Let me
know which one you prefer and I’ll book a table.
E: Great thanks. I’ll let you know when I’ve
finished the presentation.
C: Sure. At 12...15.
E: You can take a break now, thanks.
C: Thanks. I will!
Ext4.01
1 You’ll be able to understand instantly with
simultaneous translation using voice recognition.
2 You can pause it and it won’t translate the
words that you said in the last three seconds.
3 You can purchase three apps with headsets for
the price of two.
4 Earphones are available in a range of colours.
5 The whole process is done remotely in the
cloud.
6 We’ve developed a phone that’s way smarter
than any phone anywhere.
7 You’ll be able to operate all your home devices
from your lights to the air conditioning, using your
phone.
8 Next year we’ll be supporting more virtual
reality content with ‘wearables’.
9 If you like I can control your home devices
remotely.
10 Let me know which one you prefer and I’ll book
a table.
4.04 M = Mandy I = Isabella
M: Hi Isabella. You wanted to see me? What’s up?
I: Hi, Mandy. Well, I’m not happy about this new
policy of not being able to access our work emails
after 8 p.m.
M: Uh huh.
I: We’re a digital agency with clients all over the
world. It’s simply not reasonable to expect me to
do my job and then limit me like this. I have to be
able to access my emails in the evenings.
M: OK, hold on a moment, Isabella. You have
to understand that the company policy is for
everyone. This new system has been put in
place for the benefit of the employees. There’s
an unhealthy culture of people still working
electronically long after they have left the office
and sometimes into the night.
I: Yes, but for some of us it’s necessary, especially
when our customers are on different continents.
The servers are now holding incoming and
outgoing emails after 8 p.m. until the following
morning. You need to unlock my emails in the
evenings.
M: Yes, but can’t you just send your outgoing mails
before you leave the office around 6 p.m., and then
reply the next morning to any that come in during
the night?
I: I can, but I need to leave earlier than 6 p.m.
every day, and it also means I lose a day when
communicating with some of our clients.
M: OK.
I: And it also means my inbox is already filling up
by 8 a.m. each morning.
M: I see.
I: I need you to get the IT team to lift that
blockage on my account. This change has to
happen if you still want me to manage our
customers.
M: Well, hold on a moment. Let’s think about how
to manage this and find a way that works for you
while still ensuring you have a healthy work-life
balance.
I: Well, you know I have small kids and it’s
important for me to have dinner with them and put
them to bed every day. That’s why I leave at 5 p.m.
I don’t mind if I then have to work from home for a
few hours in the evenings.
M: OK, I understand that. But … I can’t completely
lift the blockage for you. You don’t need to be
emailing through the night, right?
I: No, I don’t, but I do need some flexibility and to
be able to access my emails after 8 p.m.
M: How about if we lift the blockage until 10 p.m.
Would that work?
I: Yes, I suppose I can agree to that, but it still
limits me a bit. Oh, and I need access to our virtual
meeting software from home in the evenings too,
but I’m happy to also limit that to 10 p.m. if I have
to.
4.05 B = Barbara D = Daniel
B: Hi, Daniel. You wanted to see me? What’s up?
D: Hi, Barbara. Well, I’m not happy about this new
policy of not being able to access our work emails
after 8 p.m.
B: I see. Let me make sure I fully understand
your perspective. Firstly, tell me about how this
situation affects you.
D: Well, I have many clients in other continents
and we often need to communicate in the
evenings. Why was it introduced in the first place?
B: Well, you know this new system has been put
in place for the benefit of the employees. There
is an unhealthy culture of people still working
electronically long after they have left the office
and sometimes into the night. It’s a priority for us
that our team has a good work-life balance. It’s not
specifically about the email block.
D: OK, I understand that, but I don’t work into the
night, and I’m happy with the level of flexibility
I usually have in my job. I have a good work-life
balance.
B: OK, well, what are your priorities?
D: Well, you know I have small kids and it’s
important for me to have dinner with them and put
them to bed every day. That’s a key priority for me.
That’s why I leave at 5 p.m. every day. I don’t mind
if I then have to work from home for another hour
or so in the evenings.
B: How would you feel about having an extension
on email accessibility in the evening but only for
another hour or two? What do you think of that?
D: Well, the kids are in bed by 8 p.m., so it would
be good to just have another hour or two in the
evening to email and maybe have some virtual
calls.
B: Yes, I think I can make that happen. But we
should talk regularly about this. I don’t want you
to get snowed under or to be working too much at
home in the evening.
D: It’s OK, I’ll let you know if I’m struggling.
Thanks.
5.01 C = Carlota H = Hanna A = Antoni
C: So, as you can see from the agenda, what I want
to do today is take time to think about how we
are doing things. So just generally speaking, what
do you think about where things have gone well
and where the problems were, and how to change
things going forward? Starting with Hanna: tell us,
from your side, personally speaking or about the
project, where have things gone well? What do you
need to improve?
H: I think, overall, it’s been good. I mean, in terms
of my main success, I managed to complete the
first two phases of my side of the project within
budget. I had to be very careful with spending
but managed it; no extra resources were needed.
I guess, as you all know, my big challenge was in
the early phases with production. We had some
real time and quality issues with our production in
Poland.
C: Which aspects of the project were the most
problematic exactly?
H: Well, speaking openly, the first designs
which I produced were not high quality. This led
to production issues. We lost some time at the
beginning. I got it right in the end with a rework of
the design.
C: What was the main cause of this? Why were
there design mistakes?
H: Good question. Unfortunately, the designs had
mistakes because I tried to do things too quickly.
I had too much to do and tried to do things too
fast. And then, the colleagues in Poland didn’t see
the problems until they produced prototypes. Yes,
Antoni?
A: I think you’re right.
H: They just worked with what I gave them. It got
very messy. I should have planned more carefully. If
I’d planned more carefully at the beginning, I could
have produced a better design, and avoided time
delays.
C: But I don’t understand. We are all experienced.
We always work under time pressure.
H: I think I just underestimated the complexity.
C: So, how do we plan to do things differently next
time?
H: Yes, I’ve talked to my team and next time we
will insist on having more time for the initial design
stage and, ideally, a prototype stage too. It will pay
off.
C: Yes, this has actually been useful. We now know
we need to give ourselves realistic deadlines.
H: Yes, sometimes, slower is better.
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C: Great! OK, Antoni, how about you?
A: Well. As far as I’m concerned …
5.02 C = Carlota A = Antoni H = Hanna
C: OK, maybe just before we wrap up, I’d like to
hear your comments on successes, things that have
gone well, what we can do more of. On the whole,
it turned out to be a success and I actually want
to start here with a big thank you to Antoni for
leading the production side so well. The production
team has been amazing, so collaborative and
they’ve produced excellent quality, and come up
with quite a few design ideas.
A: Thank you, Carlota.
H: Yes, I can echo that. Your team has been so
proactive, Antoni. A pleasure to work with. Please
keep it up.
A: We will, we will. I’ll pass on the feedback. And
I’ll invest the same time in positive collaboration
in the future … . Same from our side, it’s been great
that the design team has travelled so much to see
us in Poland. Having you present, face to face in
meetings, that has really helped.
C: Yes, I think face to face always works better
than working remotely. We have to thank our
project sponsor, Gina, as she agreed quite a high
travel budget. Without Gina, travel would have
been very difficult in the current financial climate.
So again, well done.
6.01 R = Richard K = Katrina
R: Katrina Sands is the best-selling author of
Essential Ethics, which features on the reading list
of business degree courses around the world. She’s
also an ethics consultant to major corporations.
Many thanks for being with us today, Katrina.
K: My pleasure Richard.
R: I’d like to start by asking you to define a key
concept in your book for our listeners. Can you tell
us what is meant by the term, ‘triple bottom line’?
K: Yes. The triple bottom line is essentially a
framework, or structure, if you like, for measuring
how ethical an organisation is in terms of three
ideas: profits, people and planet. The problem is
the TBL is difficult to measure.
R: But we can measure profits, can’t we?
K: Well that’s right. Financial profits are obviously
the easiest to measure. Typical ways include
looking at concepts such as a company’s income,
its costs, growth, the taxes it pays, employees’
income, and so on.
R: How about measuring ethics in terms of people?
K: Social measures include, for instance, the
number of hours of training employees receive,
equality and diversity in the workplace, say,
the percentage of female workers. Then there’s
health and safety, but, and this is where things get
complicated, there is also the general physical and
psychological well-being of staff. For example, a
Human Resources manager can count the number
of days taken for sick leave, but it’s more difficult
to measure how healthy and happy employees
are. Social measures in the TBL also extend to
relationships with stakeholders: suppliers and
partners, the local community, and anyone else
who is affected by a company’s activities. And
beyond that, an organisation can show its social
integrity by organising philanthropic activities.
R: I see. And what about the planet?
K: Well, environmental measures in ethics include
company policy on things such as its energy
consumption, the use of natural resources like water,
waste management, as well as carbon emissions and
the impact of a company’s carbon footprint, …
R: Which is?
K: Oh by carbon footprint I mean the overall
impact of a business on the environment. Of course
many of these different measures are connected.
To give you an example of profits and planet: by
reducing packaging, you can also reduce costs, so
that’s a measure that’s good for the environment
and good for profits.
6.02 R = Richard K = Katrina
R: What kind of companies can use the TBL
model? Are we really talking here about the big
multinationals?
K: Businesses, non-profit and government
organisations can all use the TBL model. But we
need to take into account all three categories –
financial, social and environmental. All three areas
need to be integrated.
R: So could you give us a few examples of
companies that are considered ‘ethical’?
K: Sure. There’s Natura Cosméticos, which sells
cosmetics and personal-care products, and
has been in the list of the World’s Most Ethical
Companies since 2011. It is the only Brazilian
company this year, and one of the few companies
in the health and beauty industry.
R: I’ve read that Natura was awarded a certificate
for sustainability. How exactly has it been ethical?
K: There were a variety of reasons. In financial
terms, three percent of company profits at Natura
were invested back into the communities. Over
75 percent of employees participated in the
company’s profit-sharing program. Natura also
produces an annual report that is reviewed by a
third party and is available to the public, so it’s
transparent about its profits.
R: Could you give us an example of its ethical
conduct regarding people?
K: Sure, ah let me see … well, more than 50
percent of Natura’s managers are women. They
would have had inequality in the workplace
if Natura hadn’t taken on female managers.
And there wouldn’t have been diversity in the
organisation.
R: And how can we measure what is considered
ethical conduct where the planet is concerned?
K: Many of Natura’s products are based on natural
ingredients: indigenous, Brazilian vegetables and
fruits, such as passion fruit, that are produced by
farmers in small communities. In addition, Natura
gives details on its energy consumption, water
use and waste production. Those are just some
examples.
R: It’s interesting to see that some companies
have appeared in the world’s ethical companies
list every year. I see these include General
Electric, PepsiCo, Starbucks, UPS, Xerox and Kao
Corporation. The Japanese company Kao has
received recognition for being in the World’s Most
Ethical Companies list for well over a decade.
K: That’s right.
R: I’d like to know why you think the Kao
Corporation has been on the list for so long?
K: For a number of reasons. Kao specialises
mainly in beauty and health care products, but the
group also has two other businesses: home care
products and chemicals. What’s interesting is that
its CEO, has said that integrity is a core value of the
company. The Kao way is not just a philosophy: it
is supported by a sustainability statement which
focuses on three specific areas: conservation,
community and culture. If they hadn’t developed
the Kao way, they might not have been listed as
one of the world’s most ethical companies. Kao
has not only been recognised for its contribution
to preserving the environment, but also for
promoting diversity and for getting involved in
social issues. For instance, their employees do
voluntary work in local communities. You could
argue Kao could have had a good relationship with
local people if they had simply donated money
to the community but in this case, employees got
involved directly.
R: But Kao and Natura are both big multinationals,
aren’t they? Can you give us an example of a
smaller organisation that isn’t top of the list but is
an ethical company?
K: Well, I’d like to mention a cooperative called La
Fageda, a company that produces dairy products
and is based in Catalonia, Spain. They employ staff
with mental health problems. In La Fageda, at
least 70 percent of positions are held by people
with disabilities, so it’s a good example of social
integration and diversity in the workplace. What’s
more, they source their own milk, in contrast with
the big multinationals. At first, they distributed
their yoghurts through hospitals and schools.
Then they moved to the general food market and
became commercially successful. But this kind of
success poses a dilemma. It’s the same dilemma
for any responsible business: will they be able
to manage growth without endangering their
commitment to their users and customers? And we
can also ask a similar question about a company’s
past. If they had grown faster, would they still have
been a responsible business?
6.03 R = Richard K = Katrina
R: It’s fascinating to hear about all the good
stuff that companies are doing in terms of ethics.
Nevertheless, isn’t it extremely difficult to measure
the triple bottom line?
K: It is certainly difficult to measure how an
organisation affects the planet and people in the
same terms as profits. The full cost of an oil disaster,
for example, is huge and immeasurable in terms of
money. However, Richard, to give you some more
examples: if multinationals hadn’t cleared huge
areas of forests in the Amazon, they wouldn’t have
moved whole communities from their homes; and
we could have slowed down the effects of climate
change. If clothing manufacturers hadn’t used child
labour in sweatshops, those children could have
continued with their education, instead of working
in factories. It’s totally impossible to put a price on
these kinds of things.
On balance though, the TBL has fundamentally
changed the way organisations measure
performance and sustainability. It’s in everyone’s
interest for companies to be ethical, transparent
and socially responsible. Customers, employees,
shareholders and the public expect it and, generally
speaking, successful companies nowadays are
looking further than just making a profit.
R: OK, many thanks Katrina. And we’ll be back
next week to discuss another business issue.
6.05 L = Luigi C = Caroline
L: Hello, having fun?
C: There are a lot of people, but it’s interesting, yes.
L: Luigi Moretti from Romtek.
C: Caroline Macklin, Macklin Tours.
L: Macklin Tours? I know the name. You’ve been in
business for over a year now,
haven’t you?
C: Very good, I’m impressed. Yes, we set up just
eighteen months ago.
L: I’ve heard great things about you. You have a
good reputation.
C: Thank you. But what do you do exactly?
L: Um, we specialise in software solutions for
small and medium-sized companies. Our expertise
is in providing the correct support for each client.
Um, which systems are you using at the moment?
C: Oh, for now we just use the standard
spreadsheet and database software we could
download for free, but they’re not great really.
L: I can imagine. Our solutions enable you to
manage and communicate with clients more
effectively. Er, so basically what we offer is better
relationships and more sales, which I think
everyone wants. Would you like me to talk through
what we have?
C: Yes, thank you. Maybe this is something we
need to look at now that we’re growing.
L: Sure, shall we grab a coffee first?
C: Good idea. I think there is somewhere over
there where we can go …
6.06 C = Caroline L = Luigi
C: So, tell me a bit more about this software and
how it could help us.
L: OK, basically, it’s software that we install on
your company computers but host remotely on our
server, er which helps you to organise and store
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customer data in a clear way. Your business will
benefit when you can track sales, send out emails
and mailshots to support marketing, and there’s a
useful finance element which you can use to track
profitability per customer. Er, could that be useful
for you?
C: Yes, finance tracking sounds really useful. And
just what we need now we’re
growing and becoming more established. We need
to stay on top of our numbers.
L: Well, the final price will depend on which
solution you need. So we should come to that later.
But I really believe it’s a perfect solution for small
businesses looking to become more professional.
C: How flexible is it, though?
L: It’s fully customisable. With our support, you
can tailor this to suit your specific needs.
C: Good. But it’s not too complex, is it? Some of
our people are a little older and not so confident
with new systems.
L: Not a problem. We also provide intensive onsite
training to make sure your people can use the
software. How does that sound?
C: Sounds good. So, in principle, it sounds great,
and what we’ve been talking about internally for
some time to be honest.
L: Are there any other questions I can answer
right now?
C: Well, of course, there’s cost, and I think we need
to see the product in more detail.
L: Absolutely. On the cost side, I think we need
to see what precise solution you need, how much
consulting work is needed from our side. I can’t
really give you a number at the moment. But it’s
very competitive. Is budget a major consideration
for you?
C: It’s an issue, of course, but we are growing, so
it’s more about what the software can deliver that
is probably most important.
L: OK. So, what would be a useful next step?
C: I guess I need to see the product.
L: Yes, so how about if I come over, show you
the product, talk to you more about what is right
for you … ? I am absolutely certain that we have
exactly what you need.
C: That sounds great.
L: OK … would something in the afternoon next
Wednesday work for you?
C: Yes, let me just take a look at my schedule here
and see what we can …
7.01 H = Haruki J = Javier
H: Hi, Javier. Thanks for coming to see me at such
short notice.
J: Sure. No problem. What’s up?
H: Well, it’s good you asked that, but I’m also
surprised that you’ve had to ask that. As you know,
we’re quite behind on this project and really need
to catch up.
J: Yes, we do. We’re all working flat out.
H: I know. But this also means we’re all going to
have to go beyond the scope of our usual roles.
We’re going to have to go the extra mile to support
everyone on the project and get finished on time.
J: OK, so what exactly does that mean?
H: Well, what that means exactly is that I need you
to go to Japan to support the local team and make
sure they are able to finish their part of the project
on time.
J: That’s not possible. I can’t go.
H: I’m sorry, Javier. I know the timing of this might
not be great for you, but you have to understand
the project needs your expertise and we need you
in Japan to provide support. You don’t have to go
for two to three weeks, but you do need to be there
by the end of the month. OK?
J: The end of the month?!? That’s simply
unreasonable. It’s far too short notice. No. I can’t do
it.
H: But Javier, we both know that your expertise is
the most relevant in this situation.
J: I’m sorry but I don’t think expertise is the
deciding factor here. You know everything I do.
You should go instead of me. After all, you’re the
project leader and if the project is late, it’s up to
you to get it back on track.
H: OK, Javier. I’m sorry it’s come to this. Let’s take
a break and then meet again in the café in … fifteen
minutes and see what solution we can find.
J: Yeah. Whatever!
7.02 H = Haruki J = Javier
H: Hi Javier, I’m sorry about earlier. Can we talk?
J: Why, what’s the point? It seems to me that the
decision has already been made.
H: So what you’re saying is you definitely won’t
go?
J: Well, I still don’t think it’s necessary for
someone to go. We can just monitor the situation
from here.
H: Yes, we could do that, but I think we can both
agree that it is always better to offer real-time
support in person in situations like this. And there
won’t be any delays due to time differences. You
know we often lose a day just replying to an email.
J: OK, fine. But it doesn’t have to be me that goes.
Why can’t Mia or Julio go instead?
H: Maybe, but I know we’re both on the same
wavelength about their experience. Yours is a lot
better, both technically and also in driving local
teams to hit productivity targets.
J: In other words, you don’t want to send either of
them, and still want me to go?
H: Yes, that would be my preference.
J: I see. But it’s unreasonably short notice. I have
a lot of personal plans in the next month. There
are two weddings I have to attend as well as my
father’s sixtieth birthday.
H: Fine, I see. Well, I understand your position,
and reluctance, a bit more now. You usually
enjoy travelling and experiencing new countries.
I thought you’d jump at this chance when I first
mentioned it.
J: That may be true, but Japan? I don’t speak
Japanese, and being there for a few days’ business
trip might be OK, but for any length of time, I don’t
see how I could manage without Japanese.
H: Hmmm.
7.03 J = Javier H = Haruki
J: … And anyway, a business trip of this length and
importance would normally be planned months in
advance.
H: That may be a fair point, Javier, but the
situation is what it is now, and we need to talk
about it and work out a way to make sure the
project gets back on track.
J: OK. So what do you want to do?
H: So, tell me your overall opinion about this issue
the project is facing.
J: Well, I can see that it would help to have
someone in Japan to offer support locally. And
you’re probably right that I’m the best person for
the job. But it’s just really inconvenient for me
at the moment. How long do you have in mind
anyway?
H: I don’t know. What do you think?
J: I’m not sure. Definitely a few weeks, maybe a
month.
H: OK. So from your point of view, it should take
around a month of local support. Right?
J: Yes, I should think so.
H: Let’s talk through these personal events you
have and see what we can work out.
J: OK.
H: Well, let me first check a few of the things
you’ve said.
J: Uh-huh.
H: So you’ve got two weddings and your father’s
sixtieth coming up, right?
J: Yes.
H: When are they?
J: Well, the first wedding is at the beginning of
next month, on the 2nd, my father’s sixtieth is on
the 22nd. And the second wedding is a few days
later, on the 25th.
H: OK, let’s work together and try to find a
solution.
J: How can we? You want me to go there for a
month.
H: Yes, but of course you won’t be there for a
full month without a trip home. How about if we
postpone your departure by a few days so you can
go to the first wedding?
J: OK, that would be really helpful.
H: Good. And I’m open to other suggestions about
how we can make the rest of it work for you.
J: Thanks. Well, if I get there by the 5th, that gives
me about two and a half weeks before my father’s
birthday.
H: Right. So what are you suggesting?
J: Well, what if I work really fast and hard and put
in some long days, and aim to have them back on
track within two and a half weeks, and then I come
back home.
H: OK, that works for me. But do you think it’s
feasible?
J: I’m not sure. I need to look into the exact
problems and reasons for the delay more. But I
think so. And if they’re not ready, I’ll go back out
around the 27th for another week or so.
H: OK, so what you’re saying is you’re willing to
go back out there after the second wedding if
necessary.
J: Yes, I’m only willing to go out there if I can make
all three personal events I have coming up. They’re
really important to me.
H: Sure. But you have to manage your time
and tasks for the team in Japan so that they can
manage without you there for the week in the
middle.
J: OK.
H: And about the language issue. We already
have an interpreter based in the local office who is
always available to support. And you’ll have your
own office in the main department so you’ll be
close to everyone, and also to the General Manager
there.
J: That sounds good. Thanks. But it’ll be jumping
in at the deep end. I really can’t speak any
Japanese.
H: That’s great, Javier. Thanks a lot. I really
appreciate your support with this.
J: And er I’ll appreciate you remembering this
when it comes to my performance review at the
end of the year.
H: Ha! Don’t worry. I will. This is a good thing that
can lead to more opportunities in future. You’ll
have good visibility with senior management, both
here and in Japan.
8.01 My trouble is I’m quite good at a lot of
things. When I was studying at school, I didn’t
know which degree to do. My teacher advised
me to follow my passion and study music, but my
parents told me to study accountancy because I’m
good at maths and I would have a better chance
of getting a steady office job. Then my best friend,
Piotr, who wanted to be an architect, suggested
doing architecture with him so that we could
study together. So I decided to go for architecture.
The thing is, the first year was awful: it was really
challenging and extremely competitive. To top
it all, I found out too late that you had to study
for ages before you qualified and were expected
to work long hours. I was going to drop out
of university altogether, but my older brother
suggested I swapped subjects and studied for a
degree like physics and played my music parttime. But my parents insisted that I should do
accountancy.
8.02 It was a tough decision but in the end I
took my brother’s advice because he knows me
best. It was definitely a change for the better. Now,
I’m enjoying studying physics and I still get to play
in my band at weekends. We’re working on our first
album and we’ll probably have a gig at a festival
this summer.
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8.03 E = Ethan P = Pranali B = Boon Tek
L = Leticia
E: I’m the kind of person who likes to plan
everything in advance. I don’t like to leave my
comfort zone, so I don’t like changes. They make
me very anxious. So, when my boss told me she
was leaving, I was upset. She was a great manager:
very encouraging and very reliable. The company
didn’t replace her for a few months, although
they’d promised us that it would be a smooth
transition. I hate the feeling of uncertainty, you
know? Eventually, management informed us that
there wouldn’t be a replacement and we had to
share out the work in the IT department between
us! They told us that we just had to get on with it!
Frankly, I’m working long hours every day. I have
more responsibility but I’m not getting paid for
it. I have to say I’m finding it difficult to cope. To
make things worse, nobody cares if you’re doing a
good job. They tell us we shouldn’t be so ‘resistant
to change’. At this rate, I’m going to have to find a
new job, or ask to change departments.
P: My friends tell me I’m a very flexible person
and I think I’m pretty good at adapting to change.
I just get on with things and I don’t mind leaving
my comfort zone. However, some changes are
obviously more stressful than others, like moving
house, or having children. I had been working
as a marketing director but suddenly a lot of us
were made redundant due to restructuring in the
company. That was a major change for me and
it came at a bad time because we had just got a
mortgage for our house. I was very low and I didn’t
know what to do with myself for several months.
Then my best friend suggested that I reinvent
myself – he advised me to get a completely new
career and get out of my comfort zone. So I decided
to set up my own business as a management
consultant! The first year was incredibly difficult
but I’m really happy because it’s going so well. But
I wouldn’t have been able to do it if I hadn’t had the
support of my family and friends at the time.
B: We had to relocate university laboratories to
a different city. It was a real upheaval, not wellplanned at all. They had not anticipated the risks
involved. It was chaotic: we had to move delicate
equipment, things got lost, and we were expected
to do everything overnight. There was some kind
of plan for relocation but they sent it to us too
late and there were loads of last minute changes.
I could go on and on. Basically, management had
not consulted us. I realise change is sometimes
necessary, but it’s extremely important to have a
shared purpose and for everyone to be informed.
So, it came as no surprise when students and
technicians complained that the new location was
in the middle of nowhere, and clients were also
annoyed. I have to admit, now that we’ve settled
into the laboratories, I’m able to appreciate we’re
better off than before. We’ve got more light and
space and the equipment is all up-to-date. It takes
time to adapt, doesn’t it?
L: I was really looking forward to early retirement
and then when it actually happened it was very
disappointing. I used to enjoy my work – I was
a product manager for household products. I
suddenly missed my colleagues and many of my
friends were still working, so they didn’t have the
time to be with me. My husband, Juan, suggested
going back to work. He suggested going back to
work because I was becoming impossible to live
with! It was then that I decided to retrain, so I
became a tai-chi instructor. I want to help people
cope with stress. In fact, I’ve already promised my
colleagues I’ll give classes at my old company! Juan
says it’s given me a new purpose in life. It’s great
because I only work part-time and still have time to
help look after our grandchildren.
8.04 P = Presenter A = Alessia
P: Welcome back everyone. This morning, my
first guest is Alessia Russo, a team leader in a major
multinational company. She’s here to talk to us
about brainstorming. Good morning, Alessia.
A: Hi. Thanks for having me.
P: So Alessia, what is brainstorming?
A: Well, it’s a process for generating ideas
collectively and spontaneously.
P: And why is it useful?
A: Brainstorming generates ideas which other
methods do not, due to the freedom it gives people
to think creatively.
P: OK. And can you tell our listeners how best to
do it? Are there any best practice guidelines for
brainstorming?
A: Well, there are no ‘golden rules’ as such, but
these eight stages can definitely help you to have a
successful brainstorming meeting.
P: Great. Let’s hear them.
A: So, number 1: Define the goal, and 2: Start with
a question.
P: Just the one?
A: No, it could be several questions.
P: OK.
A: Number 3: Collect as many ideas as possible,
without evaluating them or commenting other
than to thank each person for their ideas.
P: OK. Don’t evaluate or comment on them.
A: 4: Put all of the ideas somewhere everyone can
see them, for example on a board. Then you all
decide how to group the ideas.
P: Uh huh.
A: 5: Ask people to give more details about their
ideas before evaluating any of them.
P: That’s so you don’t discount them before you
understand the ideas fully, right?
A: Exactly. So, 6: Only at this point should you start
to discuss, evaluate and build on the ideas. You will
then be able to discard ideas and this will lead to
the next step, which is 7: Always end with some
clear decisions.
P: Great. Clear action points.
A: And finally, 8: Thank everyone for participating.
Even if some individuals didn’t come up with the
final idea, their presence helped to create the
atmosphere that led to the outcome.
P: That’s excellent. Thanks very much, Alessia.
A: It’s been my pleasure.
8.05 We’re here today to address the challenges
presented by the fast growth in our organisation.
As you know, we’ve grown from having fifty
employees three years ago and largely having
a national focus to now having around 200
employees and more and more international
clients. These statements highlight the issues
we’re facing: we still have a very flat hierarchy and
people have a lot of autonomy. But we need to
introduce some structure in the way we manage
our work, our teams and our reporting lines.
Let me outline the structure of this brainstorming
session before we begin. I’ll write up a series of
questions around these issues for you to think
about. For example, how can we bring more
structure and focus to the way we work in teams
and across teams without losing flexibility and
spontaneity? These opening questions will help us
to think about the main challenges ahead.
After a phase of collecting ideas, we’ll group them
on the board here, so we can bring them together.
At the end of the session it would be great if we
could have a clear idea of some steps we can take.
Let’s see what progress we can make in 45 minutes.
OK? Let’s get started …
Remember, we’re going for quantity of ideas here.
The key is that we collect as many ideas as we can
without judging or criticising them. So, feel free
to introduce any idea or make any suggestion you
like.
8.06 S = Sophia M = Marco L = Lisa Sv = Sven
S: OK, everyone. I can hear that you’re all still
going strong and coming up with a lot of ideas, but
I need us to keep an eye on the timing so I have to
stop you there. Can you please come up here with
your ideas on the sticky notes and stick them to the
board? Can we include them all at this point? And
there’s no right or wrong way to group them. Just
do what you think fits best.
M: OK, thanks, Sophia. Like this here?
L: No, over here. Put that one together with my
one. We can start to form groups of topics.
S: Thanks, Lisa. Just so everyone’s clear. Let’s think
about process for a moment. How would you like
to group them?
L: Well I was thinking that if we see topics that are
similar, we can start to group them together.
M: Sure. That’s a good idea.
S: Firstly, thank you all for your ideas. It’s great
to see so many all grouped like that on the board.
I don’t want to assume what your ideas mean, so
let’s discuss them to help me understand your
thinking better.
All: Great. / OK. / OK.
S: Can we start with this group here? Whose idea
is this one here?
Sv: That’s my one.
S: Thanks, Sven. Could you expand on this point
for us? What do you mean by ‘Daily stand-up’?
Sv: Well, I mean that we could have a short
meeting every day with all team members in a
particular department. We keep the meeting quick,
and do it standing up. Everyone says what they’re
working on, if they need support, or have capacity
to support others. And then we’re finished after
ten to fifteen minutes. I’ve seen this done in other
companies.
S: That’s a really interesting idea, Sven. Thanks.
Let’s go with that … and maybe try it out next
month.
M: Great, and adding to that idea, we could also
update these tasks on the team status board for
those who can’t make the meeting.
S: Good idea Marco. Let’s have a look at some
more … How about this one? Whose is this?
L: That’s mine.
S: Thanks, Lisa. So, ‘Rotate team leaders’. What
does everyone think about that as an option? Does
it need further discussion at this point?
Sv: I’m not sure. We tried that before Lisa joined
us, so she couldn’t have known. It was difficult and
didn’t really work, though that doesn’t mean it
won’t if we try it again.
L: OK, let’s park it for now, Sophia. And Sven, let’s
meet and you can tell me how it went last time.
Sv: Sure Lisa.
8.07 S = Sophia M = Marco Sv = Sven L = Lisa
S: So, we’ve almost reached forty-five minutes
and I’d like to finish on time, as I know you’re all
busy. It’s been a great session. Thanks everyone for
your input.
M: Thank you, Sophia. It’s been useful to think
about these things.
Sv: Yes, thanks.
L: From me too.
S: Great. So to review our main decision, are we all
agreed that we’re going to try the ‘Daily stand-up’
idea and also these two other ones over here. We
need to research the point about rotating team
leadership a bit. Lisa, can you look into this and
find some examples of how it can work in practice?
Let’s also do some further work on this middle
group of ideas as a priority. Marco, can you look
into that?
M: Sure. Happy to.
S: Great. So let’s meet again in two weeks and you
can report back on these various actions. I’ll send
out a calendar invitation.
BW1.01 J = Johannes M = Martina
J: Hi Martina, do you have a minute? I wanted to
speak to you about some problems I’m having in
the Sales Department.
M: Sure, … I wonder if they are the same problems
we are having in Finance.
J: Well, my biggest worry is finding staff to fill
some empty positions. I’ve had over ten interviews
and have now contacted some of the local
employment agencies but haven’t found anyone
who matches the job description. On top of that,
I’m also concerned about keeping the people I
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already have. I don’t know if you have heard, but
Emma is leaving at the end of the month and that
is a big problem for the department. I don’t know
how we are going to replace her and none of the
people working for us already are interested in the
position.
M: Johannes, I have exactly the same problem.
The staff turnover has really increased in the last
year – I think we must be doing something wrong.
I’ve lost two of my key people in the last six months
and when I hold interviews, candidates don’t seem
very enthusiastic about working for us. We’ve even
had people leave without giving enough notice as
they have found better jobs elsewhere.
J: I think we need to change the way we do things
around here. I’ve got some ideas I would like to
discuss with you, if that’s OK. Then, maybe we
could present them to the board together?
M: Sounds good to me. I’ve been thinking as well.
At my last company one thing we did was to make
sure the atmosphere in the departments was
positive and supportive. We also did our best to be
transparent about decisions when it was possible.
Employees today seem to think that’s really
important.
J: I agree with you Martina. Everyone here works
hard so I think we need to find a way to recognise
that. It’s important that all our employees feel
respected and are told when they do a good job.
We may even need to set up a proper system for
doing this. I know that salaries are important
too, but we just can’t compete with really large
multinational firms. That’s why we have to stress
the work-life balance that we can offer.
M: You are right. Let’s fix a time to talk about this
in more detail. But before we do, perhaps we could
talk to some of the people in our teams to get their
views? What do you think?
J: Good idea. I’ll chat with some of my staff
this week … you do the same … and then we can
compare notes. OK?
M: Perfect!
J: Have a good day.
M: You too.
BW1.02
One
J = Johannes T = Tomasz C = Carolina
J: Hi Carolina, Hi Tomasz. Thanks for making time
for this chat. I’ve arranged it because I’d like to get
your views, informally, on a few issues that have
come up recently.
T: OK sure, what can we help you with?
J: Well, I am sure you have noticed that a number
of people have been leaving the company. We are
trying to figure out what the problem is. Tomasz,
do you have any ideas?
T: Well … I guess one thing might be the hours, um
… although we have flexi-time for office staff, we
don’t for the field sales teams or in the production
area. We try to help out when people have problems
with shift work by moving them to different shifts,
but it isn’t always possible. Flexi-time makes a big
difference to people who have to travel a long way
to work or for people who have to take their kids
to school before they come in. I know there are still
some people who aren’t happy about their hours
though. Carolina, have you heard that, too?
C: Well, yes, but to be honest I hear more
complaints about the fact that people feel that
they don’t earn enough. And then we have a few
who complain about meals. The subsidised canteen
is a good perk and it’s cheap, but there are still a
number of people who say the quality of the food
isn’t very good. Things have improved, though,
since we started offering discounts for local
restaurants and a lot of people seem willing to
pay a bit more for their meals. What else? Can you
think of anything else, Tomasz?
T: Yes. Some of the newer staff like me find that
it can be difficult to work with other departments.
I get the feeling my ideas are not always taken
seriously. But it seems that people who have been
here a long time don’t have that problem. I’m not
sure what I’m doing wrong.
J: I’m very sorry to hear that Tomasz. Anything else?
T: Ah … yes … Emma told me that one reason she
was leaving was that she felt she didn’t get support
to help her develop her career and move to a better
position.
C: Yes, I’ve heard this as well from a few colleagues.
They said they didn’t feel the courses we offer were
very helpful and felt we should make sure all staff
got the training and development they needed for
their jobs … and for future careers too.
J: That’s a really interesting point. We have a
number of courses and training options but perhaps
we need to see what improvements we can make.
Some of our courses are very popular but maybe we
need to find out why some people aren’t happy with
the programme. Well, thanks both of you for your
input. I’ll think about what you’ve told me and see
what we can do about the issues.
C: Thanks for listening to us, Johannes. It’s good to
be involved.
T: Yes, absolutely.
Two
M = Martina S = Sirina A = Andy
M: Good morning, both of you. Come in, make
yourselves comfortable. Now, there’s nothing to
worry about. I’ve called you in because … well, I
am sure you have noticed that several people have
been leaving the company …
S: Yes, we have, Martina. I think everyone has!
M: Yes, it’s unfortunate, and I’d like to ask you some
questions about why it might be happening … so we
can address any issues. Please, you can speak freely.
S: OK, well, for one thing, I don’t understand why
we need to dress so formally when we’re in the
office and not meeting customers. Buying business
clothes is expensive especially for junior staff. Andy,
what do you think?
A: Well, I can see that might be a problem but I don’t
think it’s the main issue. I have more of a problem
with the other members in our department. Each
person is just interested in their own job and they
don’t seem to want to work together, or collaborate
very much. People don’t socialise either, not even to
get a coffee or have lunch together.
M: Thanks Andy, I have noticed that as well. We
certainly need to do something about the lack of
team spirit. Sirina, do you have anything to add?
S: Yes, I would also like to say that I prefer to be
independent and organise my day as I think best. I
find it very hard to work when someone else tells
me what to do and when to do it, but that seems to
be the culture here. I have been here long enough
to know what needs to be done and always finish
my work on time – I should be trusted by now. Do
you agree, Andy?
A: That hasn’t been a problem for me personally,
but I have heard other people in the office say
similar things. There is another thing though, I
seem to spend a lot of my salary on my monthly
train ticket. It would be good if the company
could help me out somehow with a discounted
travel card for the train or bus – I got that in my
last company. And on that subject, the amount
we get for fuel when we use our cars for business
really isn’t enough. Sorry, er one more thing!
As I spend most of my day sitting, I would also
really appreciate something like subsidised gym
membership which would make it cheaper for us or
offer discounts for activities that we could do after
work or on weekends. We do get some vouchers
but they’re not very interesting for me.
S: And, Martina, my last company rewarded
us with a bonus when we reached our goals or
when the company did really well. I think that
can be very motivating for staff – money isn’t
everything, I know, but a little extra to say ‘well
done’ sometimes would be great. At the moment
only management and some people in certain
departments get bonuses, which I have heard are
fairly small. But I really think we need a bonus
scheme that includes everyone.
M: OK, well thank you for all of that! It sounds as if
we have a lot to think about, but that’s been really
helpful. Perhaps a good next step would be to put
together a survey for staff. I imagine we’ll be asking
you for more information soon!
S: Good idea.
A: Course, happy to help!
BW2.01 K = Karen A = Akito F = Frederik
V = Victoria
K: Hi everyone, it’s Karen here. I know for some
of you it’s very early or very late so thank you for
making the time. How is everyone?
All: Fine. / OK. / Good, thanks.
K: Great. So first, I want to say I appreciate the
feedback you’ve sent me over the last few months.
It’s been really helpful. Based on that, I’d like
to discuss the difficulties we seem to be having
with training and development worldwide. After
reading your reports it’s becoming clear that we
have different problems in different regions and
I’d like to talk to you about some ideas for how to
solve this. Akito, I know you’ve had concerns about
what’s happening in Asia. Er, can you give us some
more details?
A: Thanks for asking, Karen. We’ve tried several
different programmes but they don’t seem to be
very successful. There are aspects of the business
that work very well but we need more support in
others in order to help our staff do their jobs well.
They don’t feel that the training we offered them
is practical enough to help them in their day to day
work. I would be very happy to get some help with
this problem.
K: Thanks Akito, we definitely need to work on
that. Frederik, you also mentioned that we need to
find new training options in Europe, is that right?
F: Absolutely. We are having problems making
training both interesting and cost-effective. Our
courses cost us quite a lot of money but are not
showing the results we’d hoped for. Staff also
complain that they last too long which makes it
difficult for them to keep up with their workload.
From what we’ve seen the results have not been
very positive so it seems to us that it’s not worth
spending so much on these training sessions.
K: Thanks Frederik, that’s certainly something we
need to look at carefully, too. Now, Victoria, would
you like to add anything about South America
here?
V: Well, at the moment we keep trying to interest
our staff in the programmes we have but most
of them just don’t want to take part or drop out
before they’re over. They’re so busy with other
things and don’t seem interested in spending more
time at the office. Our courses have been voluntary
but we often have to cancel them because so few
employees sign up for them.
K: Well, thanks for the information – that’s not
terribly good news! Now, I have an idea about
setting up global e-learning or blended-learning
courses which include both online and face-to-face
elements but I need your input on what exactly the
staff in your area feel they need to work on. I’d say
that we can teach information about the products
online. However, when we teach a skill like
customer service or rapport, I mean understanding
another person and their point of view, we need to
do this in person. Can each of you do some more
research and then put together a short report for
me? Then we can meet again to start working on
this concept. How does that sound?
All: Good. / Great. / Good.
K: Can you get me these reports within the next
two weeks? I’ll then send you some ideas and we’ll
set up another call to discuss them.
V: Sounds like a good idea. I’ll get on it right away.
F: Yes, I agree.
K: OK with you as well, Akito?
A: Of course, I’ll start as soon as we finish the call.
K: Great, glad we all agree on this. And now, I’d like
to go on to the second point on our agenda, our …
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BW3.01 H = Hannah J = Jo A = Alex
H: Eh, morning everyone. First thing on the
agenda this morning is the information sheet we
need to produce for the local university business
school … about what venture capital companies do
and how we do it.
J: That’s for the lecture they want us to do about
VC investment, right?
H: Yep, and we’re offering two student
placements in our organisation next year.
A: Oh right, I’d forgotten about that. We’d better
draft something out quickly though, ‘cause we
need to talk about new investments today.
H: Don’t stress, Alex! This shouldn’t take too long.
Come on … do you want to start?
A: OK, well, I think we need to remind the students
why we exist and not to believe all the bad press
we get, especially when we invest in established
companies.
J: You mean the stories about asset-stripping and
not caring about the future of employees?
A: Absolutely. We need to dispel that idea
immediately and show that we can also be a force
for good in the economy.
H: That’s a good point. We should make the
point that we are often the last resort for
good businesses who’ve been turned down by
traditional lenders.
A: Exactly. And also that we’re giving them much
more than money: that we also provide experience,
advice and contacts. We should give examples
to show how many successful companies today
wouldn’t be here if a venture capital company
hadn’t got involved.
J: Too right. Where would companies like Google
have been without its VC backers?
H: To name but one. OK, so the next thing we
need to explain is how we choose the companies
we invest in. How do we know they’re going to
succeed?
A: Well, of course, we don’t, do we?
H: Precisely but we do our best to limit the risk by
checking them out as thoroughly as we can.
BW3.02 J = Jo H = Hannah A = Alex
J: It’d be a good idea to have some sort of guide
about what to look for when considering how to
invest – that we can hand out at the lecture.
H: Good idea. Well … I think we’d all agree that
the most important thing is the management of
the company.
J&A: Yeah.
J: People often think we only look at the
financials. Of course the figures are really
important but they’re one dimensional and
won’t really tell us if the company is going to be
successful in the future.
A: A company won’t succeed without good
leaders. We need to know that the management
team will be capable of carrying out the business
plan successfully.
H: That’s right, the whole management team
must have relevant experience with a good track
record.
J: And if it doesn’t, the company needs to
recognise that and be ready to recruit managers
from outside the organisation.
A: So true – do you remember that great little
company last year we looked at? The CEO was also
the founder and his ideas were fantastic but he
flatly refused to take our advice to employ outside
experienced managers. That could be an example
of a situation where we decided not to invest.
H: And he went bankrupt six months later,
didn’t he? We could’ve turned that business into
something remarkable.
J: But because we did our checks, we didn’t waste
our time fighting a losing battle with the CEO.
A: Such a shame! It was an amazing idea and
shouldn’t’ve failed.
J: And that’s the next thing - the product or
service itself has to have a competitive edge. It’s
got to have legs and not be a short-lived wonder.
H: Yes, we like the ideas that can solve reallife problems in a cost-effective way and which
can generate sales before the competitors have
realised what’s happening.
A: That’s why we’ve got to study the market
carefully. Is the business targeting the right market
and is the market big enough to generate millions so
that we get the returns we need on our investment?
H: Or even billions.
A: Ideally, yes. So the business plan must have a
detailed market analysis.
J: And finally don’t forget the risk assessment.
Obviously it’s our job to take on risky businesses,
that’s why we need to do due diligence and
evaluate potential problems, such as legal issues.
H: Yes, and it’s important to ensure that there’s a
foreseeable exit from the business so that we can
see the return on our investment.
J: And that the funding we offer must be enough
to take the business to the level we expect it to
reach.
H: That sounds great Jo. Can you draft out the
document for the next meeting?
J: No problem.
H: Alex, can you outline our lecture?
A: Leave it to me.
H: Thanks. OK, now let’s move on to the new
investment opportunities …
ExtBW3.01 As you can see from this pie chart
here, our biggest export market is India, where
around 60% of all sales revenues are generated.
Our second most important export market is North
America, which generates 25% of all sales revenues
for the company. This is growing and should be
nearer 30% next year. The final two sections of
the pie chart are 10% for Europe and 5% from
Australia.
ExtBW3.02 Now let’s look at the sales
figures month on month compared to last year. In
January total revenues were 5.6 million dollars,
6% up on the same time last year and more than
we expected. Unfortunately, there were problems
in February and sales fell by 1.52 million dollars to
4.08 million. This was because of supply problems
and transport strikes. March saw an upturn in sales
which reached 6.4 million, right on target and
April was even better when sales soared to 8.75
million. This is mainly due to the launch of the new
product line, which has proved to be very popular.
During the next three months sales rose steadily to
reach 10.8 million in July and then in August they
went up to 12 million. September saw sales slow a
little and in October, revenues once again returned
to the August level. In November and December
revenues increased by 2.1 and 2.5 million to reach
14.1 and 16.6 respectively so the year ended on a
high as we surpassed our annual target.
BW4.01
1 This is Matteo Blinksmann. I want to complain
about one of your robots: the security guard. I’ve
just been pushed over by it and then it grabbed me
by the arm to stop me getting up. It also shouted
at me and told me to get out of the hall. This robot
needs to be stopped.
2 Mr Hideaki Egami here. That’s E-G-A-M-I.
I’ve just checked in with your receptionist robot,
Mayumi, and er I must tell you that her Japanese
skills are terrible. I won’t tell you what she said but
I was extremely offended by it. I think you need to
look at the programme again. I’m happy to meet
you in person to discuss the problem.
3 Hi, Mark Steadman here. Er, just thought you
should know that although the coffee robot, Bob, is
fantastic and makes the best coffee I’ve ever tasted,
unfortunately he managed to spill hot coffee over
me and ruined my suit jacket. He said sorry but it
could have been really dangerous. As it is, I’ll need
to have the jacket cleaned as soon as possible. As I
say, he did apologise profusely for the accident, so
er good speaking skills I guess!
4 Hello this is Wei Ling. I must complain about
your security robot. He’s completely mad. He
confiscated my bag when I went in to a
presentation and wouldn’t let it go. He seems to be
rather over-enthusiastic. He has now walked away
with my bag and refused to let me have it. I don’t
want to miss the presentation and now I have to
follow the robot because my laptop is in it.
5 Sarah Buchanan. Your robot café is a total
disaster. What a stupid idea. The food was good but
there were some problems with serving it. The idiot
robot managed to drop my plate on the floor and
the food went over my very new and expensive
shoes. I demand compensation immediately and
that you put real people in as waiters.
6 This is Aleksander Baron. I think you ought to
know that the driver robot, Oskar, took me to the
wrong destination three times. You’ve got some
problems with him. I thought at first it was my
accent that he didn’t understand, but this seems
to have happened to quite a few other people too,
not just me.
BW5.01 C = Clara F = Felipe J = Juliana
D = Diego
C: Hello everyone. I’m Clara and I’ll be here for
the next six months in the HR Department. I’m
really pleased you could all make it here today in
person. There are several issues we’re dealing with
at the moment and I’d very much like to get your
feedback on them. Felipe, I believe you’re one of
the regional managers, right?
F: Yes, I manage staff in some of the northern
areas of the country.
C: Uh huh and Juliana, you’re also a regional
manager but in the south I believe?
J: Yes, that’s right.
C: Diego, great to have you with us. I really
feel that a good working relationship with the
union is vital when we deal with issues around
performance and rewards.
D: Thanks for inviting me. I’d also like to find ways
to work together on this.
C: Well, let me start with the background. As you
all know, the field of renewable energy needs to
stay up-to-date and innovative. In the past we
always found recent university graduates to be
the ones who can best help us reach these goals.
However, it seems now that the grads we hire don’t
stay very long, which is a problem for us. On the
one hand, we need people we can rely on to take
ideas forward, but on the other hand, we are not
happy about them taking what they have learnt
about the business to our competition. That’s why
we need to discuss this problem and brainstorm
some ideas. What do you say, Diego?
D: I agree, Clara. The problem for young staff is
that they expect to be treated differently than the
people we hired even ten years ago. Many of them
wait longer to rent or buy their own apartments.
That means that they often don’t have the pressure
of high living costs so if they aren’t happy they go
elsewhere. In many cases, the work–life balance
is also more important for them than lifelong
employment or spending hours at work to get
ahead. Have you seen this as well?
J: Absolutely. Many of the expectations they talk
about in their entry interviews never used to come
up so are a bit surprising to hear. Some of them
may be viable but I think we need to discuss these
carefully and think about them before we start
making major changes. What do you say Felipe?
F: I agree as well. I’ve been in the business a long
time and years ago people were just happy to
have a job. Today, young people see things very
differently. They want time for families, friends,
hobbies and seem to forget that they are just at
the start of their careers. I think they need to put in
a few years before they can ask for certain things.
Some benefits they mention are ones we haven’t
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even considered and others are not the ones we
usually offer to employees who are just starting
out. As Juliana mentioned however, some of these
could be put into practice and some would be
impossible to do. Clara, how would you like to take
this forward?
C: I am mostly concerned about the reputation of
the company, which is another reason I called this
meeting. If we change things too quickly, it could
have a negative effect on how we are viewed in the
business community. This could really hurt us in the
future. I also don’t think it’s fair to those employees
who’ve been with us for many years to suddenly
change the way we measure performance.
Nevertheless, I also think that we need to take this
situation seriously.
F: Mm hmm, what do you suggest?
C: Well, you’re all going to be here at head office
for a couple of days. How about if each of us
thinks about this and notes down which particular
changes might be necessary? I’d also like to think
about how we can look at goals to make them
measurable so that we can decide how and when
to reward performance. Does that make sense?
D: Interesting idea. I suspect that we may have
very different ideas.
J: Yes, we probably will, but it seems like a good
way to approach this. What do you think, Felipe?
F: Let’s give it a try.
C: Thanks everyone. So, let’s meet again
tomorrow morning and see what we’ve come up
with. I’ll put something in our calendars …
BW5.02 C = Clara J = Juliana D = Diego
F = Felipe
C: Good morning everyone. How are you doing?
J: Fine.
D: Glad to be here.
F: Fine, thanks.
C: Great. Coffee, anyone?
J: I’d love some.
F: Yes please. Thanks Clara.
C: So, if everyone is set, let’s get started. I’m really
looking forward to hearing the ideas you’ve come
up with. Juliana, do you want to begin?
J: Sure. Um, this was really an interesting exercise.
I did some research and some thinking and have
a couple of suggestions. First of all, as you know
we have a number of projects which we assign to
different groups of people. So far, we have mostly
looked at whether or not they were completed on
time but I think what we are missing is a quality
check. We need to see if the projects meet the
goals that were set and if the project teams are
submitting follow-up reports that are clear and
well written.
C: Good idea. Would these be checked by the
bosses in the departments?
J: Yes, or even at the regional level. The goals
also need to be monitored and those who manage
to finish on time and deliver the quality we are
looking for could be next in line for pay rises or
even promotions.
D: Even if they haven’t been with the company
very long?
J: Er actually, the projects I’m thinking of normally
take some time to complete but yes, it could
include those who have recently joined us. I think it
could be very motivating for staff.
C: I think it’s worth trying, Juliana. Felipe, what do
you think?
F: Sounds good to me. I’m curious about how it
will work in practice.
C: Me too, but I like the idea. Er, and Felipe, what’s
your suggestion?
F: I was thinking of something like 360 degree
feedback so that they get feedback from different
people they work with. A survey of our business
partners and clients could help us find out how
staff are performing. We shouldn’t forget that
personal relationships are also necessary to our
business and we need people who work well with
others.
C: Great idea, Felipe. This is certainly something
we can try. Er, Diego, any comments from you?
D: As I represent the workers here, I think anything
we do has to take their needs into account. In the
research I did, I found a number of articles that say
it’s important for employees to see a connection
between their personal work goals and the overall
goals of the company. I think we need to be more
transparent and let everyone know what we are
trying to achieve. Then we need to find ways to
show staff how their jobs and tasks support our
overall strategies. This might mean looking again
at the company’s key performance indicators and
making them clear to everyone.
C: Good idea. Thanks, Diego.
D: Glad to help.
C: Does anyone else have any comments to make?
F: Not at the moment.
J: No, it’s all clear to me.
C: Then I think we can wrap this up. We’ve made a
good start this morning, thanks everyone. I would
suggest that we make sure that all staff meet
regularly with their line managers to discuss what
they’re working on. Then they could talk about any
problems they might have and any suggestions
they have to improve the process. Do please send
me any other ideas you have so that we can discuss
them next time. Have a good day everyone.
BW5.03 C = Clara D = Diego
C: Diego, I thought it would be helpful to speak to
you alone about some of the expectations that our
new employees have. I understand you’ve been in
touch with the interviewers as well as employees
who’ve been with us only a few years so I guess
you’ve been hearing quite a bit about what they
feel they need. So, what can you tell me?
D: Well, first of all, our younger workers are
frustrated by the length of time it takes to get
promoted. Many of them feel that they are
bringing in fresh and important ideas to drive
the business and then they feel left out when
promotions are announced. These always seem
to go to people who have been with us a long
time, no matter whether or not they are really
contributing to the business.
C: I see. I’ve heard this as well. Is it the same
problem with pay rises and bonuses?
D: Yes, if the promotion comes with an automatic
pay rise. The bonuses seem to be less of a problem
as we have given bonuses for ideas to younger
staff. They find that to be very motivating and I
would suggest we continue doing that.
C: I agree. In a business like ours, we are
dependent on these new and innovative ideas and
they are worth paying for. Anything else?
D: I’ve been hearing from younger staff that they
aren’t very happy that parking isn’t provided if they
drive to work and we don’t offer any subsidised
public transport tickets. They see that older staff
members have their own free parking spaces
and they don’t understand why they are treated
differently. Some of them have also mentioned
the fact that they work a lot of hours and feel that
discounts to a gym or even a free fitness facility on
site would be greatly appreciated.
C: Mm interesting, I’ll look into the gym discounts
and the fitness facility although I can’t promise
anything. Free parking is another matter, however.
As you know, we have limited space for cars in
many of our locations and this is a privilege we
have given to staff based on length of service. But
perhaps we can do something about subsidies for
those using public transport.
D: As long as we’re discussing this, I’d like to just
mention some of the other things I’ve heard from
junior staff.
C: Yes, please.
D: There have been complaints about doing
overtime as this means they work many hours in
the week. They would either like to see overtime
pay increased or get time off to make up for it.
Younger staff members also feel that pay rises are
not regular enough, they’d like more career skills
seminars or other skills training sessions to help
them with their day-to-day jobs, a limit on the
number of business trips they need to take, flexible
hours, and more social events to get to know their
colleagues. Many of them said they are happy
about the bonus system we have in place which
rewards ideas and not just goals but they feel that
we could do more to keep them happy.
C: Thanks, Diego. This is really helpful. I will have
to think about this and get back to you when I have
more information.
BW6.01 P = Presenter R =
Reporter
P: One of the success stories out of Africa
recently has been that of Josef Ndege, who’s built
a successful construction business with strong
ethical principles. He’s famous for his charity
work and support of the underprivileged in his
country. However, recent newspaper reports claim
that funds destined for educational purposes
have disappeared and found their way into local
businessmen’s pockets. This kind of corruption is
something that Mr Ndege has strongly criticised
all his working life. So, to understand the situation
better, I’ve been talking to a local journalist,
Precious Otieno.
R: Yes, thank you. I’ve now spoken to several
people involved with Mr Ndege. One was Eunice
Mazula, who is CEO of an educational charity here
called HappyEd, which Mr Ndege has supported for
many years. Ms Mazula pointed out to me that they
have managed to build several schools and give
thousands of children an education and that many
of these children wouldn’t have had an education
without the funding from Mr Ndege.
P: And has everyone you’ve spoken to been so
positive about Mr Ndege, Precious?
R: No, absolutely not. I also spoke to two of
AFhomes employees about their experience
working for the company, Julius and Nkomo.
Julius has worked for AFhomes for ten years. He
began by saying that the company had always paid
staff well and looked after their families. However,
two months ago he was transferred to the Dodoma
project and, since then, he hasn’t been paid and is
naturally becoming very worried.
Nkomo is employed as a carpenter by AFhomes
working on the houses here in Dodoma. He
claims that the work site isn’t safe and that there
have been several accidents. The company also
promised to pay for his kids to go to school, but he
hasn’t received anything they promised so far. Like
many others though, Nkomo can’t leave because
he needs the job and the money.
P: Aha, so a mixed picture locally. And I think
you’ve also received a statement from the Land
Conservation Agency, is that right?
R: Yes, the Land Conservation Agency has been
very quick to support Mr Ndege and their joint
partnership. Their statement says that despite
recent negative press reports, they would like
to assure the public that their involvement in
the Dodoma project was agreed because they
believe that this is the best way of protecting our
environment and wildlife for future generations.
Furthermore, they have every confidence in Mr
Ndege, whose actions have always been above
board and ethical and they believe that any
investigation will bear this out.
P: And breaking news is just coming in. Apparently
the AFhomes’ Dodoma project has been closed
down while the government investigates
accusations of wrongdoing and unethical business
practices. This is a severe blow for Josef Ndege, the
flag bearer for ethical business in Africa.
BW7.01 R = Rahul D = Divya V = Varinder
A = Aarav
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R: Thanks everyone for joining us today on this
call. As I’m out of the office for the next week, it
seemed the best way for us to go over the final
details for the trade fair called ‘Games and toys for
all’ which is taking place in Hong Kong next week.
Divya, I guess you have been arranging most of the
details, is that right?
D: Yes, I have, with the help of my staff. As you
all know, it’s a four-day fair from Tuesday to
Friday. Varinder and Aarav, are you clear on the
arrangements for flights and hotels?
V: Yes, a staff member and I are flying on Sunday
and one more from the marketing department is
joining us on Monday. The centre will be open on
Monday so that we can set up our stand. Those
of us flying on Sunday will be working on this.
Aarav, I think some of your staff from the product
development department will also be there then, is
that right?
A: Absolutely. Some of the toys are still in the
development phase so we wanted to make sure
they were displayed correctly at the stand. I have
two staff members coming with me on Sunday and
another one joining us on Monday. How many are
coming from sales, Divya?
D: I am going myself, of course, and bringing four
staff members with me. We are leaving here very
early on Monday and arriving early afternoon.
We’ll go to the hotel and then come by the centre
to see how everything is going.
V: Sounds good. So Rahul, just to confirm – all the
travel plans have been approved, right?
R: Yes, all taken care of. And you are all returning
on Saturday when the fair is over. Some are on
the early flight and those who need to take down
the stand will be on the late afternoon one. We
have arranged with the hotel for single rooms
for five people from Sunday to Saturday and for
an additional seven from Monday to Saturday.
Unfortunately, I will be abroad at this time but I
am sure you will all manage wonderfully. Thanks
everyone for your time this morning. Could we set
up another short call tomorrow morning to discuss
any other last minute details that may come up?
I would also like to have some time to talk about
what you are hoping to get out of the trade fair. Is
that OK with everyone?
D, V, A: Fine. / Sure. / Fine.
R: Great, till tomorrow then.
BW7.02 R = Rahul D = Divya V = Varinder
A = Aarav
R: Good morning everyone. Is everything still
going smoothly? Has anything else come up that
we need to deal with urgently?
D, V, A: No. / Everything’s fine. No problems.
R: Now this is a really important event for us as
it is the first time we are doing something like
this. Now that you have all had time to plan the
practicalities, I would like to know more about your
goals in attending and how these can help us in the
future to be more efficient and successful. Divya,
can you fill us in on what the sales department
hopes to achieve there?
D: I hope we will be able to come back from
this trade fair with some sales contracts. I have
heard there will be a number of buyers from large
retail chains there. We need to have staff who
can convince them to sell our products in all their
stores. Contracts should be prepared and brought
along so that buyers can sign up on the spot. This
will also save us time later as we won’t need to
contact so many retailers.
R: That sounds very sensible. So are your staff
working on the contracts?
D: Yes, they are. They are also putting together
lists of some of the retail chains who will be
represented there.
R: Thanks, Divya. And Varinder, what about the
marketing department? What are your main goals?
V: In my opinion, we need to be looking into
marketing our company and creating a network
of people who know about us. We have sent out
invitations to buyers to come to our stand, and
we’re organising a raffle, some vouchers for our
visitors, and an event we can invite them to. The
stand also has to have a place for us to sit and talk
to visitors and where we can have some catering.
Making sure we get our message out will be a timesaver in the future and help us achieve a successful
image as we will have the chance to reach so many
people at this fair.
R: That all sounds very positive, Varinder. Thanks.
And Aarav, what about product development?
A: Mm, I would like to take the chance to talk to
buyers who come to the stand and get feedback
from them. I think this is an excellent opportunity
to find out what is in demand in the market,
informally, before we start work on our new
product lines. It will help us to know what direction
we should take. When we have an idea, we never
know for sure if it will sell or not. This way we don’t
need to spend time manufacturing a product that
the retailers are not interested in, giving us the
chance to be successful from the beginning with
product launches.
R: Excellent. It sounds like you all have this under
control. I’m looking forward to reading your reports
when you return. Have a good trip everyone. I’m
going to be quite tied up for the next few days, but
just send me an email or leave a voicemail if you
have any problems or need anything from me. I’ll
get back to you as soon as I can.
BW7.03 R = Rahul D = Divya A = Aarav
V = Varinder
D: Rahul, this is Divya. Who’s organising the kickoff meeting? Will it be here or in Hong Kong? And
what about the daily meetings there? Who’s in
charge of them? I’m getting nervous as I really
think we need a plan! Who should be doing what?
A: Rahul, this is Aarav. I really need to talk to
you about the sales contracts Divya wants to
prepare for the fair. They are totally different from
anything we’ve done so far and I don’t think they
are appropriate for our purposes. I think we need
to discuss this. And I also want to talk to you as she
keeps bothering my staff. I’ve asked her to stop but
she doesn’t listen to me.
D: Rahul, it’s Divya again! The contracts we agreed
on aren’t finished and I need to take them along for
clients to sign at the fair. And Aarav is being rather
difficult about all this and I don’t understand the
problem. Can you do something?!
V: Rahul, this is Varinder. We need to get those
tickets out to our major clients. Do you have the list
for me? And are we also giving them vouchers for
some of our toys? Oh … and has the website been
updated? And what about the raffle we discussed?
Was a decision made about that? And today I heard
the stand has to be smaller, which affects our
catering. Can you let me know what to do? This is
really urgent!
V: Rahul, it’s Varinder here again. We just got a call
from the hotel and they don’t have enough single
rooms. We may have to find another hotel and I
would need to start looking immediately! What do
you think we should do? Can you let me know as
soon as you can?
A: Rahul, it’s Aarav. The courier service we hired to
get all the samples and materials to the fair can’t
get into the Hong Kong Fair Centre because they
don’t have the correct paperwork with them. What
should I do? Is there someone I need to phone who
can take care of this?
D: Hi Rahul, it’s Divya. I’m at the airport with
the sales team and we’ve just found out that our
flight has been cancelled. Can we rebook another
flight right away? Is it OK if I do that or do I need
to contact our travel department? This is really
urgent! Thanks. Please call me when you get this
message.
BW8.01
A: Eh, have you heard about the takeover?
B: Yeah, I read it in the newspaper. Why weren’t
we told? Osbruk’s a terrible company to work
for. I’ve got a friend who said that they have
a ridiculous attendance policy. If he’s just two
minutes late for work, even if it’s not his fault, he
gets a warning. Can you imagine that? At least
here, the managers respect us and we respect
them so they trust us.
A: I know, I think our business culture is very
different from Osbruk-Basri’s. I also heard that they
make you work overtime most days without paying
you extra.
C: But that’s illegal, isn’t it?
B: Well apparently there’s something in the
contract that says they can do that.
C: I don’t like the sound of this company at all.
What’re we going to do?
A: I can’t understand why Ms Khan didn’t tell us
about this. She wouldn’t do anything that would
damage the company, would she?
C: She didn’t say anything because she knows
we’d be unhappy. If things get bad, I’ll move back to
Australia.
B: I bet we’ll all lose our jobs. Every time OB takes
a company over, they get rid of everyone. They’re
all about the bottom line. They don’t care about
the staff.
A: That’s why I am so surprised. We’ve always
been looked after well here. We’re like a family. The
company is doing well, isn’t it?
C: I think so. But I know we need a bigger factory
for the new export orders. Maybe this is the only
way Chillhot can afford to expand.
B: What, by selling us out to Osbruk-Basri? That’s
not Ms Khan’s style. She wouldn’t do this, surely?
C: Anyway, do you always believe everything you
read in the newspaper?
A: No, but why would they write it if it wasn’t
true? I don’t want to work for a company that
doesn’t care about its employees at all.
C: Well I think we need to have a meeting with
the boss and find out why she didn’t tell us.
P6.02
1 Salvador Fidalgo | is our ‘Hero of the month’ |
for his work on our local community programme.
| He has formed and coached | a football team of
local teenagers | and the youngsters have done so
well | that they have just won a regional football
competition. | Salvador says he has had such a
rewarding time | working with these youngsters, |
that he is going to start a second team.
2 Salvador Fidalgo is our ‘Hero of the month’
for his work on our local community programme.
| He has formed and coached a football team of
local teenagers | and the youngsters have done so
well that they have just won a regional football
competition. | Salvador says he has had such a
rewarding time working with these youngsters,
that he is going to start a second team.
208
www.frenglish.ru
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