TOP DRUGS
A
1. ACETAMINOPHEN (Tylenol)
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EFFECTS:
✔ Analgesic (mild to moderate pain)
✔ Antipyretic
NO anti-inflammatory action
NO platelet action
THERAPEUTIC LEVEL: 10 – 30 mg/dL
ANTIDOTE: Acetlycysteine (Mucomyst)
ADVERSE EFFECTS: hepatotoxic
2. AMINOGLYCOSIDES
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STREPTOMYCIN/ GENTAMYCIN
Obtain Peak and trough level
o Peak level – 30 minutes after taking the drug
o Trough level – 30 minutes before the next dose
Adverse effects:
✔ Neurotoxic
✔ Ototoxic 🡪 therapeutic to Meniere’s disease to relieve from vertigo (but this is the last resort because it will lead to
permanent deafness)
✔ Nephrotoxic 🡪 Monitor BUN
3. ANESTHESIA
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Epidural anesthesia 🡪 Spinal headache
Spinal anesthesia 🡪 Hypotension
4. ANTICOAGULANTS AND THROMBOLYTICS
WARFARIN SODIUM
(Coumadin)
Blocks prothrombin synthesis
2 to 5 days
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Thrombosis and embolism
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Atrial fibrillation with embolization
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Adjunct in treatment of coronary
occlusion
Oral
Action
Onset
Use
Route
Expressed in
Antidote
Laboratory
Test
Usage
Effect
Milligrams
Vitamin K/ Phytonadione (AquaMEPHYTON)
Prothrombin time (PT)
Normal value:11 to 13 seconds
Long term therapy
Slow
HEPARIN
(Hepalean)
Blocks conversionof prothrombin to thrombin
30 seconds to 1 minute
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Thrombosis and embolism
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Prevention of clotting in heparin lock sets, blood samples and
during dialysis
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Treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation
SQ, IV
(DO NOT give IM, may lead to hematoma and pain)
Units
Protamine sulfate
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
Normal value: 60 to 70 seconds; 2 to 2.5 times the control
Activated Partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
Normal value: 30 to 45 seconds; 1.5 to 2 times the control
Short term therapy
Quick
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Coumadin and Heparin CAN BE GIVEN together
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WHAT ARE THE DRUGS THAT ENHANCE THE EFFECTS OF ANTICOAGULANTS?
4A – Aspirin, Antihistamines, Alcohol, Antibiotics
5G – Ginseng, Garlic, Ginger, Ginko biloba, Guiafenesin
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ANTICOGULANT – prevents clot formation
THROMBOLYTICS – dissolves clot
✔ USE: pulmonary embolism, coronary artery thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, MI
✔ SIDE EFFECT: bleeding
✔ Start therapy as soon as possible after thrombus appears as thrombi older than 7 days react poorly to streptokinase
✔ Heparin is discontinued before streptokinase is started
✔ IM injections are contraindicated
✔ ANTIDIOTE: aminocaproic acid (Amicar)
✔ Examples: streptokinase (Streptase) – PROTOTYPE; alteplase (Activase), urokinase (Abbokinase), reteplase
(Retavase), tenecteplase (TNKase), anistreplase (Eminase)
5. ANTIDEPRESSANTS
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2 weeks interval in shifting from one type of anti-depressant to another
Antidepressant effect: 2 – 4 weeks
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) – increases norepinephrine and/or serotonin in CNS by blocking the reuptake of
norepinephrine by presynaptic neurons
1. Imipramine (Tofranil)
2. Amitriptyline (Elavil)
✔ SIDE EFFECTS: hypotension, arrhythmias, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth
✔ NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
Check BP and PR
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Give drug at BEDTIME
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Changing from TCA to MAOI, patient must discontinue TCA for 14 days
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2 to 4 weeks needed before the full therapeutic effect happens
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TCA OVERDOSE (anticholinergic toxicity):
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o Coma, convulsion
o Ataxia, agitation
o Stupor, sedation
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) 🡪 inhibits CNS neuron uptake of serotonin, but not of norepinephrine
1. Fluoxetine (Prozac)
2. Sertraline (Zoloft)
✔ SIDE EFFECTS: hypotension, headaches, arrhythmias, insomnia, dry mouth, weight loss, sexual dysfunction
✔ NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
o Give drug in the MORNING
o Takes 4 weeks for full effect
o Changing from MAOI to SSRI, patient must discontinue MAOI for 2 weeks
Changing from SSRI to MAOI, patient must discontinue SSRI for 5 weeks
o Monitor for weight
o Provide oral hygiene
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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) – acts as a psychomotor stimulator or psychic energizers; blocks oxidative
deamination of naturally occurring monoamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin) causing CNS stimulation
1. tranylcypromine (Parnate)
2. isocarboxazid (Marplan)
3. phenelzine (Nardil)
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SIDE EFFECTS: Hypertensive crisis – happens if the drug is taken with tyramine-containing foods
o Sweating
Constipation
o Headache, HPN
Orthostatic hypotension
o Urinary retention
Photophobia, dilated pupils
o Nausea, Neck stiffness
Agranulocytosis
o Tachycardia
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AVOID tyramine or tryptophan containing foods:
o Aged meat, avocado
o Banana, beans
o Chocolates, coffee, cheese (cheddar, aged, swiss), chicken and beef liver
o Drinks that are fermented (wine, beer)
o Smoked fish, soy sauce, sour cream, sausage
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Pickled foods (herring)
Overripe foods
Raisins
Tea
Yogurt, yeast
ALLOW: cottage and cream cheese
Monitor BP
Therapeutic effect are achieved within 10 days to 4 weeks
6. ANTI-GOUT
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COLCHICINE (Novocolchine) 🡪 anti-inflammatory
o SIDE EFFECTS; diarrhea, abdominal cramps
o NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
DO NOT give IM or SQ, this may lead to irritation
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Administer drug after meals
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No more than 12 tablets should be given in a 24 hour period
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ALLOPURINOL (Zyloprim) 🡪 prevent production of uric acid by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidose
o USE: prophylactic for attacks of gout; clients with calcium oxalate calculi
o SIDE EFFECTS: hepatotoxic
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PROBENECID (Benemid)/ SULFINPYRAZONE (Anturane) – uricosuric agents: reduces uric acid in the blood by
increasing its renal excretion
7. ANTI-PARKINSONS
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Dopaminergic Drugs (increase dopamine)
1. Amantadine (Symmetrel)
2. Levodopa (L-dopa)
3. Levodopa-Carbidopa (Sinemet)
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Anticholinergic Drugs (decrease Acetylcholine)
1. Akineton
2. Cogentin
3. Artane
4. Benadryl
8. ANTI-PSYCHOTIC (MAJOR TRANQUILIZERS)
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USE: Schizophrenia
1. Haloperidol (Haldol)
2. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
SIDE EFFECTS:
✔ HYPOtension
✔ leukopenia (sore throat)
✔ NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME (HYPERthermia/ diaphoresis, HYPERtension)
✔ pink-red urine (normal: thorazine)
9. ASPIRIN/ SALICYLATES/ ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID
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EFFECTS:
✔ Antiplatelets 🡪 reduce risk of myocardial infarction and transient ischemic attack
✔ Anti-inflammatory 🡪 rheumatic fever, Kawasaki disease, rheumatoid arthritis
✔ Antipyretic 🡪 fever
✔ Analgesic 🡪 mild to moderate pain
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Aspirin toxicity
✔ Tinnitus – early sign of salicylism
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✔ Metabolic acidosis – late sign of salicylism
✔ Epistaxis, nephrotoxic
ANTIDOTE: activated charcoal (can also give Ipecac syrup to induce vomiting of aspirin)
Give the drug with full stomach after meals
Aspirin is ulcerogenic
Monitor CBC, Prothrombin time, renal and liver functions
DO NOT give with any anticoagulant (Coumadin, Heparin). It may cause additive effect, high risk for bleeding
AVOID Aspirin in patients with viral infection to prevent Reye’s Syndrome
AVOID Aspirin with OHA 🡪 causes hypoglycemia
10. ATROPINE SULFATE (Atropair, AtroPen)
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block neurotransmitter acetylcholine and inhibits parasympathetic actions
USE: pre-op medication to reduce secretions and bradycardia; produces mydriasis
CONTRAINDICATED in acute glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy
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11. BETABLOCKERS
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Example: propanolol (Inderal), timolol (Blocadren), pinolol (Visken), nadolol (Corgard), metoprolol (Lopressor), timolol
maleate (Timoptic)
MODE OF ACTION: inhibit sympathetic stimulation of beta receptors in the –
✔ HEART – decreasing myocardial oxygen consumption and demand by:
decreases heart rate and ***
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decreases force of myocardial contraction
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✔ EYES – decreases intraocular pressure (IOP) by
decreasing aqueous humor formation and increases aqueous humor outflow
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Change of position gradually
Take pulse before taking drug***
12. BRONCHODILATOR
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USE: bronchospasms, asthma
EXAMPLES:
✔ BETA-ADRENERGIC: abuterol (Proventil, Ventolin), metaproterenol (Alupent)
✔ XANTHINES: theophylline (Theo-Dur) – PROTOTYPE, aminophylline (Truphylline)
THERAPEUTIC LEVEL OF THEOPHYLLINE: 10 – 20 mcg/ml (mg/dl)
SIGN OF THEOPHYLLINE TOXICITY:
✔ Tachycardia
✔ nausea and vomiting
FOODS TO BE AVOID
✔ ICE TEA – caffeine and caffeine containing foods because Theophylline is a xanthine derivative which has same effect
with caffeine
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13. DIAZEPAM (Valium)
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USE: Drug of choice for status epilepticus
EFFECTS:
✔ Anxiolytic
✔ Anti-convulsant
✔ Muscle relaxant
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DO NOT MIX with other drugs
DO NOT withdraw abruptly
AVOID alcohol, smoking, activities that requires alertness
May cause physical dependence
Oral form should be given BEFORE MEALS
Examples: alprazolam (Xanax), clorazepate (Tranxene), flurazepam (Dalmane), midazolam (Versed), triazolam (Halcion),
chlordiazepoxide (Librium), clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan)
14. DIGOXIN (Lanoxin)
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Effects:
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(+) inotropic – increases FORCE OF CONTRATION 🡪 increase cardiac output
(-) chronotropic – decreases HEART RATE 🡪 decrease oxygen demand of the heart muscles
Digoxin toxicity – nausea, yellow color vision, arrhythmia, sign of hypokalemia (weakness, muscle cramps)
Antidote: Digibind
15. DIURETICS
CLASSIFICATIONS
Carbonic Anhydrase
Inhibitors
Loop Diuretics
Osmotic Diuretics
SITE OF
ACTION
Proximal
tubule
Loop of
Henle
Glomerulus
Potassium Sparing
Distal
tubule
Thiazide and
Thiazide-like
Proximal
tubule
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K-sparing:
K-wasting:
EXAMPLES
INDICATIONS
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
Meniere’s disease,
OPEN glaucoma
Potent diuretic
Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide (Bumex)
Mannitol
Osmitrol
Glycerin
Urea
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Amiloride (Modiuretic, Midamor)
Triamterene (Dyrenium)
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Metolazone
SPECIAL NURSING
INTERVENTIONS
Increased ICP
Warm solution to avoid
crystallization
Mild diuretic, CHF, HPN
Avoid potassium-rich foods
(banana, potatoes, spinach,
broccoli, nuts, prunes,
tomatoes. Oranges, peaches)
HPN (Not effective for
immediate dieresis)
Spironolactone, Amiloride, Triamterene
CAI, Loop, Osmotic Thiazides
NURSING INTERVENTION
1. Monitor blood pressure (first/ before) and weight (second/ after)
2. Administer in the MORNING
3. Administer with FOOD
EVALUATION: for effectiveness of therapy
● Weight loss
● Increased urine output
● Resolution of edema
● Decreased congestion
● Normal BP
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16.HERBAL DRUGS that causs BLEEDING
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GINKO BILOBA
GINGER
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GARLIC
GINSENG
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17. IMCI DRUGS: IRON
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1 dose daily x 14 days
AGE or WEIGHT
2 to 4 months
(4 to <6 kg)
4 to 12 months
(6 to <10 kg)
1 to 3 years
(10 to <14 kg)
3 to 5 years
(14 to <19 kg)
TABLET
Ferrous sulphate 200mg + 250 mcg Folate
(60 mg elemental iron)
THY
SYRUP
Ferrous sulphate 150 mg per 5 ml
(6 mg elemental iron per ml)
2.5 ml (1/2 tsp)
DROPS
Ferrous sulphate 25
(25 mg elemental iron per ml)
0.6 ml
4 ml (3/4 tsp)
1 ml
½ tablet
5 ml (1 tsp)
1.5 ml
1 tab
7.5 ml (1.5tsp)
2 ml
18. IMCI DRUG: VITAMIN A
VITAMIN A CAPSULES
AGE
100,000 IU
6 months to 12 months
12 months to 5 years
200,000 IU
1
2 capsules
½ capsule
1 capsules
19. IMCI DRUG: MEBENDAZOLE/ ALBENDAZOLE
AGE or WEIGHT
12 months to 24 months
24 months to 59 months
Albendazole 400 mg tablet
½ or 200 mg tablet
1
Mebendazole 500 mg tablet
1
1
20. INSULIN
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MODE OF ACTION: decreases blood sugar by –
✔ Increasing glucose transport across cell membranes
✔ Enhancing conversion of glucose to glycogen
TYPE
RAPID-ACTING:
Regular, Humulin R
INTERMEDIATE-ACTING:
NPH/ Neutral Protamine Hagedorn
(Insulin Isophane Suspension),
Humulin N
LONG-ACTING:
Ultralente (extended insulin zinc suspension)
Humulin U
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DESCRIPTION
Color: Clear
Route: IV, SQ
ONSET
30 min – 1
hr
PEAK
2 – 4 hrs
DURATION
6 – 8 hrs
Color: Cloudy
Route: SQ
1 – 2 hrs
6 – 8 hrs
18 – 24 hrs
Color: Cloudy
Route: SQ
3 – 4 hrs
16 – 20
hrs
30 to 36 hrs
PEAK TIME – time of hypoglycemic episodes
1ml of tuberculin = 100 units of insulin
U100 insulin syringe is – 100 units
Administer insulin in room temperature
ROUTE: SQ
✔ Administer insulin at either 45 degree (for skinny patient) or 90 degrees (for fat patients)
Area:
6 | TOP DRUGS
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✔ Abdomen – fastest absorption
✔ Deltoid
✔ thigh
✔ buttocks
AVOID:
✔ massage and apply compression (increase absorption)
✔ aspirate after injection
✔ shake. Gently roll vial in between palms
✔ Cold insulin 🡪 lipodystrophy
STORAGE:
✔ In room temperature – last for 1 month
✔ Refrigerated once opened – last for 3 months
ADJUSMENT OF DOSE:
✔ increase insulin requirement 🡪 Infection, Stress, Illness
✔ decrease insulin requirement 🡪 Breast feeding (Antidiabetic effect)
Mixing of insulin: (Aspirate 1st – clear, Inject air 1st – cloudy)
(1) Inject air to NPH
(2) Inject air to Regular
(3) Aspirate Regular
(4) Aspirate NPH
Most common used:
U100 (1)
U40 (2)
21. IRON SUPPLEMENTS
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SIDE EFFECTS: dark stools (tarry stool), constipation, abdominal cramps
Tablet: give with citrus juice (orange, tomato)
Liquid: give with citrus juice (orange, tomato) and straw
IM: Z-track method; DO NOT massage
BEST given with empty stomach
Citrus juice is AVOIDED with iron elixir preparation
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22. LACTULOSE (DUPHALAC, CEPHULAC)
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Laxative
SIDE EFFECT: ammonia binder (therapeutic to patient with hepatic encephalopathy)
23. LITHIUM
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Anti-mania
Therapeutic Level: 0.5 – 1.5 mEq/L
Lithium toxicity (n/c, anorexia, abdominal cramps, diarrhea)
PREPARATIONS:
o Tablets: 300, and 450mg.
o Capsules: 150, 300, and 600 mg.
o Syrup: 300 mg/5 ml
Maintain:
o increase fluid (3L/day)
o Increase Na (3 gm/day)
7 | TOP DRUGS
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24. MAGNESIUM SULFATE
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tocolytic agent
USE: premature labor, anticonvulsants in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)
Check:
o
deep tendon reflex (DTR) – FIRST reflex lost with CNS toxicity
o Check RR (at least >12 breaths/ min
o Check urine output (at least 30 mL/ hr)
ANTIDOTE: calcium gluconate
25. METRONIDAZOLE (FLAGYL)
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Anti-amoeba
AVOID alcohol (Metronidazole + Alcohol = Disulfiram-like effect)
26. MORPHINE SULFATE (Duramorph)
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EFFECT: induce sedation, analgesia and euphoria
INDICATION: moderate to severe pain, pain relief in myocardial infarction
DECREASES preload and afterload
DECREASES workload
SIDE EFFECTS of Morphine SO4
✔ Miosis
✔ Orthostatic hypotension
✔ Respiratory depression
✔ Produces tolerance and dependence
✔ Hyperglycemia
✔ Increase urinary retention/ constipation,
✔ Nausea and vomiting
✔ Euphoria
✔ Sedation/ dizziness
Assess client’s pain before giving medication
Check before and after the respiration
May lead to tolerance
✔ FIRST SIGN of tolerance is decrease duration of effect of the analgesic
AVOID activities that require alertness, alcoholic beverages, smoking, CNS depressants, sedatives, muscle relaxants
Change position gradually
N
27. NITRATES AND NITROGLYCERINE (Nitro-bid, Nitrodur, Nitrostat IV)
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MODE OF ACTION: vasodilator
USE: angina pectoris and hypertension
SIDE EFFECTS OF NITRATES: headache, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness
Other Related drugs: isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil), isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur)
SUBLINGUAL form: 0.15 – 0.6 mg
✔ No more than 3 tablets should be taken in a 15 minute period (one tablet every 5 minutes); if pain not relieved after
15 minutes and 3 tablets, notify physician immediately
✔ SIGN OF POTENCY: burning sensation under tongue
✔ Drink water first BEFORE taking drug
OINTMENT
✔ applied to a hairless or clipped/ shaved area
✔ new site should be used with each new dose
✔ use ruled applicator paper that comes with ointment to measure dose
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✔ wear gloves during application
✔ leave applicator on site and cover it with plastic wrap and secure it with tape
TRANSDERMAL PATCH
✔ Apply a patch once a day only
✔ Rotate site
✔ Place patch in non-hairy area
✔ Determine a base region and remove the old patch
✔ Wear gloves during application
IV form: 5 mcg/ min
✔ dilute IV nitroglycerine in 5% dextrose or 0.9% sodium chloride and titrate every 3 to 5 minutes
STORAGE:
✔ store in original dark glass container in a cool, dry place.
✔ date bottle when opening
✔ discard after 6 months
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS:
✔ Change position gradually to prevent dizziness
✔ HEADACHE is a sign that the drug is taking effect. It will discontinue with long term use.
✔ AVOID alcohol, hot baths
✔ Carry drug at all times
✔ DO NOT administer nitrates with sildenafil (Viagra), both drugs are vosadilator which may lead to HYPOTENSON
28. NONI JUICE
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Morinda citrifolia
High in fibers
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29. OCTREOTIDE (SANDOSTATIN)
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Inhibits GROWTH HORMONE, GLUCAGON, INSULIN
2 formulations
✔ Sandostatin®is a short acting version
✔ Sandostatin LAR®is a long acting version.
Sandostatin® is given by subcutaneous injection 🡪 It may be necessary to take the shot several times a day. The
injection sites should be rotated regularly. This medication may also be given intravenously.
Sandostatin LAR® is given by intramuscular injection. This medication is generally given once every 4 weeks. The
preferred site for injection is the hip, because it is painful given into the arm.
Sandostatin LAR® should NOT be given by S.C. or IV routes.
COMMON SIDE EFFECT: constipation
30. OXYTOCIN (Pitocin)
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stimulate uterine contraction
USE: postpartum bleeding, labor induction
ADVERSE EFFECTS: uterine hyperstimulation, arrhythmias, tachycardia, hypertension
Given IM or IV; IV via piggyback and delivered with an infusion pump
Observe fetal hypoxia or distress
P
31. PANCREATIC ENZYMES
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USE: aid in digestion; cystic fibrosis
Give WITH MEALS***
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Expected outcome of the drug is absence of steatorrhea
EXAMPLES: pancreatin (Dizymes), pancrelipase (Cotazym)
32. PHENYTOIN (Dilantin)
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USE: seizure
SIDE EFFECT: gingival hyperplasia, may turn urine pink, red, or red-brown
ADVERSE EFFECTS: hepatotoxic, Steven-Johnson’s syndrome
DO NOT administer IM
Give drug with NSS BEFORE AND AFTER (flushing) drug administration
Provide oral hygiene, Use soft, bristled toothbrush
Takes 7 to 10 days to achieve therapeutic serum level
Therapeutic level: 10 – 20 mg/ dl
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33. STEROIDS
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EFFECTS:
✔ Anti-inflammatory
✔ Hormonal replacement
USE: USE: bronchial asthma, Addison’s disease, allergies
Examples: hydrocortisone (Cortisol), prednisone (Strap red), dexamethasone (Decadron), methylprednisone (Solumedrol), betamethasone (Celestone)
SIDE EFFECTS:
✔ Cushing’s syndrome
✔ Immunosuppression 🡪 therapeutic to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 9 like nephrotic syndrome, SLE, multiple sclerosis,
Rheumatoid arthritis, for organ transplant, hyperthyroidism, allergies)
✔ causes GI irritation and ulceration
✔ Long term: Adrenal insufficiency***, osteoporosis
✔ Short term: Immunosuppresant, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, edema
Give with food
Watch out for infection
Taper the dose (abrupt withdrawal may lead to acute adrenal crisis)
Parenteral form: Give IM avoid SQ
Oral form: Give it WITH food or milk, may cause gastric irritation
Topical creams: DO NOT apply in broken skin and near eyes
Administer in the morning (before 9 am); Take medication with breakfast (corresponds to biorhythms and reduces gastric
irritation)
Wear medic alert bracelet
Isolation precaution
AVOID sunlight, people with infections or crowded place
AVOID immobility to prevent osteoporosis
AVOID crowd
DIET: Restrict sodium, alcohol and caffeine; high potassium foods
Carry extra medication during travel.
Adjust medications during periods of acute or chronic stress such as pregnancy or infections; contact health care
provider.
34. SYMPATHETIC AND PARSYMPATHETIC
SYMPATHETIC
SNS (Adrenergic)
Dumping Syndrome, MG
Atropine
Cholinesterase
“fight or flight” response
PARASYMPATHETIC
PNS (Cholinergic)
Glaucoma, GERD
Prostigmine
Anticholinesterase
“Sleep and digest” response
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(BIOAMINE THEORY)
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) – faster release but short acting
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
(Increase) HR, RR, BP
(Decrease) peristalsis, UO, secretions
Pupil dilation (mydriasis)
Bronchodilation
Hyperglycemia
Acetylcholine – slowly release but long acting
(Decrease) HR, RR, BP
(Increase) peristalsis, UO, secretions
Pupil constriction (miosis)
Bronchoconstriction
Diarrhea
Urinary frequency
Miosis (constriction)
Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Erection/ emesis
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Salivation
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35. THYROID AND ANTI-THYROID DRUGS
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THYROID AGONISTS – used to increase blood thyroid hormones
✔ LEVOTHYROXINE (Synthroid)
✔ USE: hypothyroidism (myxedema), cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism)
✔ SIDE EFFECTS: insomnia, tachycardia, diarrhea
✔ Taper the dose
✔ Monitor vital signs (temperature, BP, PR)
✔ Give the drug in the morning (due to insomnia side effect)
✔ CONTRAINDICATIONS:
Cabbage, Cauliflower
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Peaches, Peas, Pears
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Raddish, turnips
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Spinach
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THYROID ANTAGONISTS – used to decrease blood thyroid hormones
A. ANTITHYROID DRUGS – inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormones
Examples: propylthiouracil (PTU, Propacil, Propyl-Thyracil), methimazole (Tapazole)
B. IODIDES – inhibit secretion/ release of thyroid hormone; decrease vascularity of the thyroid gland (for
thyroidectomy preparation)
Examples: Potassium Iodide Saturated Solution (Lugol’s solution)
✔ Give at least 10 day before surgery
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SIDE EFFECTS:
o agranulocytosis (sore throat)
o paresthesias
o bleeding (inhibits vitamin K)
Taper the dose
Monitor vital signs (temperature, BP, PR)
AVOID iodine, iodine containing foods and sea foods
ORAL form: dilute with water or juice (to improve taste) and use straw (to prevent discoloration)
11 | TOP DRUGS